JP2004149323A

JP2004149323A - Granular fertilizer

Info

Publication number: JP2004149323A
Application number: JP2002312919A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Hiroshi Sakashita; 普志坂下; Takuji Naokawa; 拓司直川
Original assignee: Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK
Current assignee: Denka Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-10-28
Filing date: 2002-10-28
Publication date: 2004-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 2022-10-28
Also published as: JP3877668B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a granular fertilizer which is highly inhibited from powdering with time. <P>SOLUTION: This granular fertilizer contains a crustaceous substance. The granular fertilizer comprises the crustaceous substance and lime nitrogen and contains urea as a binder. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、甲殻類質物質を含んでなる粒状肥料に関する。
【従来の技術】
【０００２】
粒状石灰窒素、又はこれに他の肥料成分を含んでなる粒状肥料には、粉状肥料に比べて、散布時の飛散による肥料損失や、付近の他の作物への被害が少ない等の利点から賞用されている。
【０００３】
石灰窒素に他の肥料成分を含んでなる粒状肥料は、粉状の石灰窒素を水系バインダー添加して造粒する転動造粒法、又は粉状の石灰窒素を尿素などのバインダーを用いて加圧成形する圧縮造粒法によって製造される（特許文献１）。これらには一長一短がある。転動造粒法では、球形の粒が得られるが、石灰窒素の主成分であるシアナミド窒素分の損失が大きいという欠点がある。圧縮造粒法では、シアナミド窒素分の損失は少なく石灰窒素の効果を引き出すのに最も好ましい造粒法であるが、成型時の形状がペレット状であると、球状の造粒物に比べ、経時的に粉化しやすい欠点がある。
【０００４】
しかしながら、いずれの造粒法にあっても、得られた粒状肥料は保存状態が悪いと保存中に粉化するので、保存には吸湿させないなどの細心の注意が必要であった。そこで粉化防止を改善するため、これまでに天然パラフィン、ピッチ、ステアリルアルコール等の滑剤を添加する（特許文献２）などの多くの提案がなされてきたが、これといった決め手がない状況である。
【特許文献１】
特公昭４７−１３０８５号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平１０−１３８１号公報
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、経時粉化を高度に抑制した粒状肥料を提供することである。本発明の目的は、肥料原料に甲殻類質物質を混ぜて造粒することによって達成することができる。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明は、甲殻類質物質を含んでなることを特徴とする粒状肥料である。また、本発明は、甲殻類質物質と石灰窒素を含み、尿素をバインダーとしてなることを特徴とする粒状肥料である。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、更に詳しく本発明について説明する。
【０００８】
本発明が対象としている粒状肥料の肥料成分には、何ら制約はない。それを例示すると、硫安、硝安、塩安、尿素、粉状石灰窒素、粒状石灰窒素、水和（スレーク）石灰窒素、過りん酸石灰、重過りん酸石灰、熔成りん肥、焼成りん肥、りん酸アンモニウム、重焼りん、苦土過りん酸、骨灰、骨炭粉末、塩化カリ、硫酸カリ、硝酸カリから選ばれた肥料の一種又は二種以上である。
【０００９】
本発明で用いられる甲殻類質物質とは、カニ、エビ、シャコなどの殻や、シオムシなどの甲殻類、更には海獣以外の水産動物又はその処理物、例えばカニカス、干エビ、ヒトデカス、イカ軟骨などである。中でも、カニ殻が、土壌改良効果、病害抑制効果がある（農業技術体系土壌施肥編，農山漁村文化協会，１９９０，１９９２年）ので、本発明には好適となる。甲殻類質物質の含水率は多くとも水分率１７質量％以下で、粒度２ｍｍ以下の割合が８０質量％以上であることが好ましい。
【００１０】
甲殻類質物質の含有量は、粒状肥料中に３〜２５質量％含まれるのが好ましく、３質量％未満では粉化抑制効果が充分ではなく、また２５質量％を超えると造粒性が悪化する。
【００１１】
圧縮造粒法で採用されるバインダーとしては、尿素、デキストリン、ゼラチン、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース、リグニン、コーンスターチ、廃糖蜜、水、水ガラス等があるが、特に尿素が好適である。尿素は、バインダーであると同時に肥料成分であり、肥料成分の配合物を粒状化するだけでなく、配合することで窒素の含有率を高めることができる。
【００１２】
バインダーの使用量は、粒状肥料中に５〜３０質量％含まれるのが好ましく、５質量％未満では得られた造粒物の強度が充分ではなく、また３０質量％を超えると加圧する際の流動性が極端に高まり造粒性が悪化する。
【００１３】
圧縮造粒法の造粒機としては、加圧と造粒が同時にできるものが好ましい。これには、スクリュウー型・回転多孔ダイス・回転ブレード等の押出し造粒機、圧縮ロール・ブリケッティングロール・打錠等の圧縮造粒機を例示することができる。転動造粒法の造粒機としては、通常のパン型造粒機等が使用される。
【００１４】
粒状肥料の形状には、球形、円筒形、塊状などいずれでも良く、大きさは短径１〜４ｍｍ、長径２〜１０ｍｍのものが例示される。
【００１５】
【実施例】
以下、実施例、比較例をあげて更に具体的に本発明を説明する。
【００１６】
実施例１比較例１
硫安４８質量％、熔成りん肥２０質量％、塩化カリウム１６質量％、消石灰３質量％、カニ殻（粒度２ｍｍ以下８５質量％以上、含水率１０質量％）１３質量％の混合物を、押し出し造粒機により、直径約３ｍｍ、長さ約５ｍｍのペレット状の造粒物に押し出し成形した。比較のため、カニ殻１３質量％を消石灰（合計で１６質量％となる）としたこと以外は、同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００１７】
実施例２比較例２
あらかじめ水和した粉状の石灰窒素を４８質量％、熔成りん肥２０質量％、塩化カリウム１６質量％、カニ殻（実施例１と同じ）１６質量％の混合物を、水をバインダーとし、パン型造粒機を用いた転動造粒により、直径約２〜４ｍｍの球状の造粒物を製造した。比較のため、カニ殻１６質量％を消石灰としたこと以外は、同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００１８】
実施例３比較例３
粉状の石灰窒素２３質量％、熔成りん肥３５質量％、塩化カリウム１７質量％、尿素１２質量％、消石灰３質量％、カニ殻（粒度２ｍｍ以下９５質量％以上、含水率６質量％）１０質量％の混合物を、押し出し造粒機により、直径約３ｍｍ、長さ約５ｍｍのペレット状の造粒物を製造した。比較のため、カニ殻１０質量％を消石灰（合計で１３質量％となる）としたこと以外は、同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００１９】
実施例４比較例４
あらかじめ水和した石灰窒素８０質量％とカニ殻（粒度２ｍｍ以下９５質量％以上、含水率１３質量％）２０質量％の混合物を、水をバインダーとし、パン型造粒機を用いた転動造粒によって、直径約２〜４ｍｍの球状の造粒物を製造した。比較のため、カニ殻のかわりに消石灰を用いたこと以外は、同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００２０】
実施例５
カニ殻のかわりにエビ殻（粒度２ｍｍ以下９５質量％以上、含水率１０質量％）を用いたこと以外は、実施例４と同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００２１】
参考例１
粉状の石灰窒素２３．５質量％、熔成りん肥４８．５質量％、塩化カリウム１７質量％、尿素１０質量％、ステアリルアルコール１質量％を押し出し造粒機により、直径約３ｍｍ、長さ約５ｍｍのペレット状の造粒物を製造した。
【００２２】
得られた粒状肥料について、以下に従う粉化促進試験を行い、粉化率を測定した。それらの結果を表１に示す。表１から、本発明の粒状肥料は粉化が著しく抑制されることが分かる。
【００２３】
粉化促進試験
試料２５０ｇを０．３ｍｍふるいに入れ、造粒時に混入した粉を除くため自動ふるいにて３分間処理して０．３ｍｍ以下の粉を除去した。その後、自動ふるいにて１０分間処理し、発生した０．３ｍｍ以下の粉の質量％を測定し、促進試験前の粉化率とした。ついで、別の試料２５０ｇを採取し、上記と同様にして、造粒時に混入した０．３ｍｍ以下の粉を除去した後、ポリエチレン袋に入れ袋の口を加熱圧着し閉じ、温度３５℃、湿度８５％の恒温恒湿室内で４日間保存した。この試料を自動ふるいにて１０分間処理し、発生した０．３ｍｍ以下の粉の質量％を測定し、促進試験後の粉化率とした。
【００２４】
【表１】

【００２５】
つぎに、実施例３又は比較例３で製造された肥料肥料と、表層腐植質黒ボク土とを混合・撹拌し、内径１１．３ｃｍ、高さ６．５ｃｍの１万分の１アールポットに入れた。肥料は、窒素成分２０ｋｇ／１０アール、りん酸成分１４ｋｇ／１０アール、カリ成分２０ｋｇ／１０アールになるように施用し、肥料効果確認試験を行った。試験は、土壌の最大容水量の６０％になるように水を注ぎ、１週間静置後、コマツナ種子をポットに播種し、１週間後の発芽率を調査した。灌水は適宜行った。３週間後、生育量を調べるため地上部質量を測定した。これらの測定値の３０個体の平均値を表２に示す。
【００２６】
【表２】

【００２７】
表２から、実施例３と比較例３の粒状肥料との間には、発芽率の差異はないので、本発明の粒状肥料には甲殻類質物質を含有していても野菜の生育にはなんら悪影響を与えないことが示された。
【００２８】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、粉化を高度に抑制した粒状肥料が提供される。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a granular fertilizer comprising crustacean material.
[Prior art]
[0002]
Granular lime nitrogen, or granular fertilizer containing other fertilizer components, has advantages such as less fertilizer loss due to scattering during spraying and less damage to other nearby crops, compared to powdered fertilizer. Has been awarded.
[0003]
Granular fertilizers containing lime nitrogen and other fertilizer components can be obtained by a rolling granulation method in which powdery lime nitrogen is added to an aqueous binder and granulated, or powdered lime nitrogen is added using a binder such as urea. It is manufactured by a compression granulation method of pressing (Patent Document 1). These have pros and cons. In the tumbling granulation method, spherical particles are obtained, but there is a disadvantage that the loss of cyanamide nitrogen, which is the main component of lime nitrogen, is large. In the compression granulation method, the loss of cyanamide nitrogen content is small, and it is the most preferable granulation method to bring out the effect of lime nitrogen.However, if the shape at the time of molding is a pellet shape, compared to a spherical granulated material, There is a disadvantage that it is easily powdered.
[0004]
However, in any of the granulation methods, the obtained granular fertilizer is pulverized during storage if the storage state is poor, so that precautions such as not absorbing moisture are required for storage. In order to improve the prevention of powdering, many proposals have been made so far, such as adding a lubricant such as natural paraffin, pitch, and stearyl alcohol (Patent Document 2). However, such situation has not been determined.
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-13085 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-10-1381 [0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a granular fertilizer in which pulverization over time is highly suppressed. The object of the present invention can be achieved by mixing a crustacean material with a fertilizer raw material and granulating the mixture.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is a granular fertilizer comprising a crustacean substance. Further, the present invention is a granular fertilizer comprising crustacean material and lime nitrogen, and comprising urea as a binder.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0008]
There is no restriction on the fertilizer component of the granular fertilizer targeted by the present invention. For example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, salt ammonium, urea, powdered lime nitrogen, granular lime nitrogen, hydrated (slake) lime nitrogen, superphosphate lime, heavy superphosphate lime, molten fertilizer, baked phosphorus fertilizer One or more fertilizers selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, heavy burnt phosphorus, formic acid superphosphate, bone ash, bone charcoal powder, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate.
[0009]
The crustacean substance used in the present invention includes shells such as crabs, shrimps, and giant clams, crustaceans such as carabid beetles, and also marine animals other than sea animals or processed products thereof, such as cankers, dried shrimp, starfish, and squid cartilage. And so on. Among them, crab husks are suitable for the present invention because they have a soil improvement effect and a disease control effect (agricultural technology system, soil fertilization, agricultural and mountain fishing village culture association, 1990, 1992). It is preferable that the water content of the crustacean substance is at most 17% by mass or less and the ratio of particles having a particle size of 2 mm or less is 80% by mass or more.
[0010]
The content of the crustacean substance is preferably 3 to 25% by mass in the granular fertilizer, and if it is less than 3% by mass, the effect of suppressing powdering is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 25% by mass, the granulation property is deteriorated. I do.
[0011]
Examples of the binder used in the compression granulation method include urea, dextrin, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, lignin, corn starch, molasses, water, water glass, and the like, with urea being particularly preferred. Urea is a binder and a fertilizer component at the same time. Not only can the compound of the fertilizer component be granulated, but also the content of nitrogen can be increased by blending.
[0012]
The amount of the binder used is preferably 5 to 30% by mass in the granular fertilizer, and if it is less than 5% by mass, the strength of the obtained granulated product is not sufficient. The fluidity is extremely increased and the granulation property is deteriorated.
[0013]
As a granulator for the compression granulation method, a granulator capable of simultaneously performing pressurization and granulation is preferable. Examples thereof include an extrusion granulator such as a screw type, a rotary porous die, and a rotary blade, and a compression granulator such as a compression roll, a briquetting roll, and tableting. As a granulator for the tumbling granulation method, an ordinary bread granulator or the like is used.
[0014]
The shape of the granular fertilizer may be any of a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a lump shape, and the like.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0016]
Example 1 Comparative Example 1
A mixture of 48% by mass of ammonium sulfate, 20% by mass of molten fertilizer, 16% by mass of potassium chloride, 3% by mass of slaked lime, and 13% by mass of crab shell (particle size: 2% or less, 85% by mass or more, water content: 10% by mass) is extruded. It was extruded and formed into pellets having a diameter of about 3 mm and a length of about 5 mm by a granulator. For comparison, a granulated product was produced in the same manner except that slaked lime (totaling 16 mass%) was used for 13 mass% of the crab shell.
[0017]
Example 2 Comparative Example 2
A mixture of 48% by mass of powdered lime nitrogen previously hydrated, 20% by mass of molten fertilizer, 16% by mass of potassium chloride, and 16% by mass of crab shell (same as in Example 1) was used as a binder with water as a binder. A spherical granulated product having a diameter of about 2 to 4 mm was produced by rolling granulation using a mold granulator. For comparison, a granulated product was produced in the same manner except that slaked lime was used for 16% by mass of crab shell.
[0018]
Example 3 Comparative Example 3
23% by mass of powdered lime nitrogen, 35% by mass of molten fertilizer, 17% by mass of potassium chloride, 12% by mass of urea, 3% by mass of slaked lime, crab shell (particle size: 2 mm or less, 95% by mass or more, water content: 6% by mass) A 10% by mass mixture was extruded into a pelletized granule having a diameter of about 3 mm and a length of about 5 mm by an extrusion granulator. For comparison, a granulated product was produced in the same manner except that 10% by mass of the crab shell was slaked lime (total 13% by mass).
[0019]
Example 4 Comparative Example 4
A mixture of 80% by mass of lime nitrogen previously hydrated and 20% by mass of crab shell (95% by mass or less, particle size of 2 mm or less, water content of 13% by mass) was rolled using a bread granulator using water as a binder. The granules produced spherical granules having a diameter of about 2-4 mm. For comparison, a granulated product was produced in the same manner except that slaked lime was used instead of the crab shell.
[0020]
Example 5
A granulated product was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that shrimp shell (particle size: 2 mm or less, 95% by weight or more, water content: 10% by weight) was used instead of crab shell.
[0021]
Reference Example 1
23.5% by weight of powdered lime nitrogen, 48.5% by weight of fertilizer, 17% by weight of potassium chloride, 10% by weight of urea, 1% by weight of stearyl alcohol were extruded by a granulator to a diameter of about 3 mm and a length of 3%. A pellet of about 5 mm was produced.
[0022]
The obtained granular fertilizer was subjected to a powdering acceleration test as described below, and the powdering rate was measured. Table 1 shows the results. It can be seen from Table 1 that the granular fertilizer of the present invention significantly suppresses powdering.
[0023]
250 g of the powdering acceleration test sample was put into a 0.3 mm sieve, and treated with an automatic sieve for 3 minutes to remove powder mixed during granulation, thereby removing powder having a size of 0.3 mm or less. After that, the powder was treated with an automatic sieve for 10 minutes, and the mass% of the generated powder having a size of 0.3 mm or less was measured and defined as the powder ratio before the accelerated test. Then, another 250 g of a sample was collected, and after removing powder of 0.3 mm or less mixed during granulation in the same manner as described above, the mixture was placed in a polyethylene bag, and the mouth of the bag was heated and pressed to close. It was stored in an 85% constant temperature and humidity room for 4 days. This sample was treated with an automatic sieve for 10 minutes, and the mass% of the generated powder having a size of 0.3 mm or less was measured and defined as the powdering rate after the accelerated test.
[0024]
[Table 1]

[0025]
Next, the fertilizer manufactured in Example 3 or Comparative Example 3 was mixed and stirred with the surface layer humic andosol and put into a 1/10000 are pot having an inner diameter of 11.3 cm and a height of 6.5 cm. Was. The fertilizer was applied so that the nitrogen component was 20 kg / 10 ares, the phosphoric acid component was 14 kg / 10 ares, and the potash component was 20 kg / 10 ares, and a fertilizer effect confirmation test was performed. In the test, water was poured to 60% of the maximum water capacity of the soil, and after standing for one week, Komatsuna seeds were sown in a pot, and the germination rate after one week was examined. Irrigation was performed appropriately. Three weeks later, the above-ground mass was measured to check the growth amount. Table 2 shows the average values of these measured values for 30 individuals.
[0026]
[Table 2]

[0027]
From Table 2, there is no difference in the germination rate between the granular fertilizers of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, so that even if the granular fertilizer of the present invention contains a crustacean substance, it is difficult to grow vegetables. It was shown to have no adverse effects.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the granular fertilizer which suppressed powdering highly is provided.

Claims

A granular fertilizer comprising a crustacean substance.

A granular fertilizer comprising crustacean substances and lime nitrogen, and comprising urea as a binder.