JP2016155223A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool which does not need to move a machining unit.SOLUTION: An upper surface of a workpiece W1 abuts against a workpiece pressing plate 216 as shown in Fig.(a). When a workpiece receiving plate 215 is raised, cushion units 228 and 228 are contracted and the cushion units 228 and 228 energize the workpiece W1 to the workpiece receiving plate 215 according to contraction amounts. The workpiece W1 held between the workpiece receiving plate 215 and the workpiece pressing plate 216 is subjected to machining by a machining head 213 as shown in Fig.(b).EFFECT: The machining head 213 is made to stand still and the workpiece W1 approaches the machining head 213. Since the machining head 213 being a heavy body is not moved, energy saving can be attained.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 12

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool for machining a workpiece with a plurality of tools provided on a multi-axis head, and a machining method using the machine tool.

  Various structural members such as an engine cylinder block and a transmission case mounted on a vehicle use, for example, a machine tool including a multi-axis head (also referred to as a gang head) provided with a plurality of tools. It is made by machining the workpiece. An example of this type of machine tool is the one proposed by the present applicant in Patent Document 1 (see particularly FIG. 2).

  The machine tool described in Patent Literature 1 includes a processing unit that is positioned and fixed, and a jig unit that approaches or separates from the processing unit. When the jig unit on which the workpiece is placed is placed below the machining unit, the lift drive unit is energized, and the lift is raised while being supported by the machine base. Approach toward the machining unit while supporting. Thereafter, the workpiece is machined.

  In addition, many machine tools for machining a workpiece by a machining head called a gang head have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2)).

  As shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Literature 2, the machining unit (14) (the numbers in parentheses indicate the symbols described in Patent Literature 2. The same applies hereinafter) includes six multi-axis machining heads (82). Prepared, and the whole moves in the Y direction.

  Moreover, a clamp unit (12) is provided in the transport line (16). The clamp unit (12) is transported in the X direction orthogonal to the Y direction.

  As shown in FIG. 2 of Patent Document 2, the clamp unit (12) includes advance / retreat arms (46, 48), and the work (W) is held between these advance / retreat arms (46, 48).

  In the structure of Patent Document 2, the processing unit (14), which is a heavy object, is moved in the Y direction, so that energy consumed for movement increases.

  The clamp unit (12) is transported by the transport line (16), stopped at a predetermined position, and machined by the processing unit (14) at that position, but the stop position of the clamp unit (12). Need to be accurate. To be accurate, considerations such as lowering the transport speed and driving a knock pin at the stop position are required.

  As a result, the structure of the transfer line (16) becomes complicated and it becomes difficult to increase the transfer speed.

  From the viewpoint of energy saving, it is desired that the processing unit be stationary, and from the viewpoint of improving productivity, the speed of the transfer line is required.

  That is, there is a need for a machine tool that does not need to move the processing unit and that can speed up the transfer line.

Japanese Patent No. 4382015 JP 2011-240466 A

  According to the configuration of the machine tool described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to achieve simplification and miniaturization. Recently, however, further simplification and miniaturization has been demanded. Such a machine tool is light in weight and thus easy to carry, and can be a portable type rather than a stationary type. In this case, since the machine tool can be arranged at an arbitrary place, there is an advantage that the degree of freedom in layout of the factory or work station is increased.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has an object to provide a machine tool that is further simplified and miniaturized and can be easily transported, and a machining method using the machine tool. To do.

  Moreover, this invention makes it a subject to provide the machine tool which does not need to move a processing unit and can make a conveyance line high-speed.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is a machine tool for machining a workpiece with a plurality of tools provided on a multi-axis head,
The base,
A work holding plate disposed at a position facing the multi-axis head and holding a work;
A displacement mechanism for displacing the workpiece holding plate in a direction relatively away from or approaching the multi-axis head;
With
While supporting either one of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head on the base, it is a cantilever support type in which the remaining one of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head is supported by the displacement mechanism,
In addition, when the work holding plate is displaced relative to the multi-axis head, the work holding plate has guide means for guiding the multi-axis head.

  Note that the phrase “displaces in a direction in which the work holding plate is relatively separated from or approaches the multi-axis head” means “displaced so that the work holding plate is separated from or approaches the multi-axis head that is positioned and fixed”. And “when the multi-axis head is displaced so as to move away from or approach the workpiece holding plate positioned and fixed”. That is, in the present invention, the workpiece that is displaced under the action of the displacement mechanism may be either a work holding plate or a multi-axis head.

  Further, the term “cantilever support type” includes not only the case where the direction in which the work holding plate is displaced relative to the multi-axis head is the horizontal direction but also the case where the direction is the vertical direction.

  The cantilever support type eliminates the need for a highly rigid machine base for displacing or supporting the work holding board. Therefore, the configuration of the machine tool is simplified, and the size and weight can be reduced.

  Such a machine tool is easy to carry. In other words, it can be easily moved. For this reason, since it can arrange | position in arbitrary places, the advantage that the freedom degree of the layout of a factory or a work station improves is also acquired.

  In addition, since the workpiece holder or the multi-axis head that is displaced is guided by the guide means, it is possible to prevent the workpiece from being displaced relative to the tool. For this reason, a process is given to the original location which should process a work. For this reason, the processing accuracy is good.

  In the invention according to claim 2, one of the workpiece holding plates or the multi-axis head supported by the displacement mechanism may be supplementarily supported by the auxiliary support member. Thereby, a workpiece holding board or a multi-axis head can be supported more stably.

  In this case, the auxiliary support member may be advanced or retracted following the displacement of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head. This prevents the displacement of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head due to the provision of the auxiliary support member.

  Moreover, in the invention which concerns on Claim 3, it is preferable to provide a wheel with respect to a base. This makes it easier to move the machine tool.

  Furthermore, in the invention which concerns on Claim 4, it is preferable to provide the processing waste collection means which collects processing waste. As a result, it is possible to avoid scattering of processing waste in the work environment, so that the work environment can be kept clean. In order to collect the processing waste easily, the processing waste collection means may be disposed below the multi-axis head.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 5, you may make it provide a wheel also in this process waste collection means.

  Thereby, even if it is a case where a machine tool contains a processing waste collection means, it can be moved easily.

Further, the invention according to claim 6 is a cantilever support type in which one of the work holding plate and the multi-axis head is supported by a base and the remaining one of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head is supported by a displacement mechanism. A machining method for machining a workpiece using a machine tool of
Holding the workpiece on the workpiece holding plate disposed at a position facing the multi-axis head;
By urging the displacement mechanism, the work holding plate is displaced so as to be relatively close to the multi-axis head, thereby causing the work held on the work holding plate to approach the multi-axis head. Process,
Processing the workpiece with a plurality of tools provided on the multi-axis head;
By urging the displacement mechanism, the workpiece holding plate is displaced so as to be relatively separated from the multi-axis head, whereby the processed workpiece held by the workpiece holding plate is moved to the multi-axis. Separating the head;
Have
When the work holding plate is displaced relative to the multi-axis head, the work holding plate or the multi-axis head is guided by guide means.

  By going through such a process, it is possible to perform high-precision machining on the workpiece using a cantilever-supported machine tool. Since the workpiece holding disk or multi-axis head that is displaced is guided by the guide means, it is avoided that the workpiece is misaligned with respect to the tool, and processing is performed on the original position where the workpiece should be processed. It is.

  In the invention according to claim 7, in this case, it is preferable to collect the machining waste by the machining waste collecting means because it is possible to avoid the machining waste from being scattered in the work environment.

The invention according to claim 8 is a machine tool for processing the workpiece by causing the workpiece to approach the processing head,
A workpiece receiving plate on which the workpiece is placed, a workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism that is provided on the processing head and moves the workpiece receiving plate so as to approach the processing head, and is disposed between the processing head and the workpiece receiving plate. And a workpiece restraining plate that presses the workpiece against the workpiece receiving plate after the workpiece has approached the machining head to a predetermined position.

In the invention according to claim 9, the spindle shaft extends downward from the machining head,
A positioning knock pin is provided on one of the workpiece receiving plate and the workpiece holding plate, and a knock hole into which the knock pin is inserted is provided on the other.
The workpiece holding plate is positioned on the workpiece receiving plate by the knock pin and the knock hole.

In the invention according to claim 10, a guide post is provided on one of the machining head and the workpiece receiving plate, and a guide bush into which the guide post is inserted is provided on the other.
The workpiece receiving plate approaches the machining head while being guided by the guide post and the guide bush.

In the invention which concerns on Claim 11, a workpiece | work receiving plate moving mechanism consists of one fluid pressure cylinder unit,
The fluid pressure cylinder unit is arranged so that the piston rod of the fluid pressure cylinder unit passes through or around the total center of gravity obtained by adding the workpiece to the workpiece receiving plate.

In the invention according to claim 12, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is composed of a plurality of fluid pressure cylinder units,
The fluid pressure cylinder unit is arranged so that a virtual central axis formed by collecting a plurality of piston rods into one passes through or around the total center of gravity obtained by adding the workpiece to the workpiece receiving plate. It is characterized by that.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 13, when the workpiece | work is clamped between the workpiece | work receiving plate and the workpiece | work holding | suppressing plate, the clamp mechanism which couple | bonds both plates mechanically is provided.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 14, a workpiece conveyance mechanism can transfer a workpiece | work before a process from a workpiece conveyance mechanism to a workpiece receiving plate, or can transfer a processed workpiece from a workpiece receiving plate to a workpiece conveyance mechanism. The workpiece receiving plate is provided with a through groove that allows the passage of the workpiece.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, since it is a cantilever support type in which either the work holding plate or the multi-axis head is supported by the displacement mechanism, the configuration of the machine tool can be simplified, and the size and weight can be reduced. Can be achieved. In addition, since any one of the workpiece holding plate and the multi-axis head that is displaced is guided by the guide means, it is possible to avoid the positional deviation of the workpiece. For this reason, processing accuracy becomes favorable.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 2, a workpiece | work holding | maintenance board or a multi-axis head can be supported more stably.

  In the invention according to claim 3, it becomes easier to move the machine tool.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 4, since it can avoid that processing waste is scattered in a work environment, a work environment can be kept clean. In order to collect the processing waste easily, the processing waste collection means may be disposed below the multi-axis head.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 5, even if it is a case where a machine tool contains a process waste collection means, it can be moved easily.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 6, a highly accurate process can be performed with respect to a workpiece | work using a cantilever type machine tool. Since the workpiece holding disk or multi-axis head that is displaced is guided by the guide means, it is avoided that the workpiece is misaligned with respect to the tool, and processing is performed on the original position where the workpiece should be processed. It is.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 7, it can avoid that processing waste scatters in a working environment.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 8, a process head is made still and a workpiece | work is approached to a process head. Energy saving can be achieved because the processing head, which is a heavy object, is not moved.

  Further, a workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is attached to the machining head, and the workpiece receiving plate is moved closer to the machining head by the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism. While holding the workpiece between the workpiece receiving plate and workpiece holding plate, the workpiece is moved closer to the machining head. That is, since the workpiece is separated from the workpiece conveyance line and brought closer to the machining head, the conveyance speed in the workpiece conveyance line can be increased.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to move the machining unit, and a machine tool that can increase the speed of the transfer line is provided.

  In the invention according to claim 9, the work holding plate is positioned on the work receiving plate by the knock pin and the knock hole. Since the workpiece holding plate is positioned on the workpiece receiving plate, the position of the workpiece to be clamped is accurately determined.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 10, a guide post is provided in one of a process head and a workpiece | work receiving plate, and the guide bush into which a guide post is inserted is provided in the other. Since the workpiece receiving plate approaches the machining head while being guided by the guide post and the guide bush, there is no fear that the workpiece will swing while moving to the machining head.

  In the invention according to claim 11, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is composed of one fluid pressure cylinder unit, and the piston rod of the fluid pressure cylinder unit has a total gravity center point where the workpiece is added to the workpiece receiving plate or the vicinity thereof. A fluid pressure cylinder unit is arranged to pass through.

  By pulling the center of gravity with the cylinder unit, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism can be completed with one fluid pressure cylinder unit. If one fluid pressure cylinder unit is used, it is possible to reduce the equipment cost for simplifying the apparatus.

In the invention according to claim 12, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is composed of a plurality of fluid pressure cylinder units,
The fluid pressure cylinder unit is arranged so that a virtual central axis formed by collecting a plurality of piston rods into one passes through or around the total center of gravity obtained by adding the workpiece to the workpiece receiving plate. .

  Even when a single workpiece receiving plate is moved up and down by a plurality of fluid pressure cylinders, the piston rod is bent by matching the virtual center axis of the plurality of piston rods with the total center of gravity. Can be prevented.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 13, when the workpiece | work is clamped between the workpiece | work receiving plate and the workpiece | work holding | suppressing plate, the clamp mechanism which couple | bonds both plates mechanically is provided. During machining by the machining head, a force corresponding to cutting resistance is applied to the workpiece. When there is no clamping mechanism, it is necessary to strongly press the work with the work holding plate, so it is necessary to reinforce the elastic member attached to the work holding plate.

  In this regard, according to the present invention, by providing the clamp mechanism, the elastic member attached to the workpiece restraining plate is weak, and the elastic member can be reduced in weight and size.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 14, a workpiece conveyance mechanism can transfer a workpiece | work before a process from a workpiece conveyance mechanism to a workpiece receiving plate, or can transfer a processed workpiece from a workpiece receiving plate to a workpiece conveyance mechanism. A through groove that allows the workpiece to pass therethrough is provided in the workpiece receiving plate.

  The workpiece receiving plate can scoop up the workpiece before processing on the workpiece transfer mechanism (work transfer line). The processed workpiece can be returned to the workpiece transfer mechanism (work transfer line) with the workpiece receiving plate.

  Normally, it is necessary to dispose a workpiece transfer mechanism such as a robot between the workpiece transfer mechanism and the workpiece receiving plate. However, according to the present invention, the workpiece transfer mechanism is unnecessary, and the machine tool Further simplification can be achieved.

1 is an overall schematic perspective view of a machine tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an overall schematic side view of the machine tool of FIG. 1. It is the whole general | schematic side surface partial sectional view of the machine tool which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the machine tool of FIG. 3. It is a perspective view of the machine tool which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 in FIG. 5. FIG. 4 is a modification diagram of FIG. 3. 1 is a front view of a machine tool according to the present invention. It is a principal part perspective view of a workpiece conveyance mechanism. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of a machine tool. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of a machine tool. It is a figure explaining the structure of a clamp mechanism. It is an effect | action figure of a clamp mechanism. It is a figure which shows the example of a change of a workpiece | work receiving plate. FIG. 16 is a plan view of FIG. 15. It is a figure which shows the further example of a change of a workpiece | work receiving plate.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the machining method according to the present invention will be described in detail in relation to a machine tool for carrying out the machining method, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 and 2 are an overall schematic perspective view and an overall schematic side view of the machine tool 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively. The machine tool 10 includes a base 12, a multi-axis head 14 supported by the base 12, and a work holding plate 16 that approaches or separates from the multi-axis head 14 by being displaced in the direction of arrow A. Have The direction of the arrow A is the horizontal direction, and therefore the machine tool 10 is a so-called horizontal type.

  The base 12 has a frame shape composed of four leg portions 18a to 18d and a support portion 20, and roller-shaped wheels 22 are provided at the tip portions of the leg portions 18a to 18d, respectively. . The wheel 22 can be rotated in the direction of the arrow X about the vertical direction as in the case of a so-called caster, and is locked so as not to be rotated by a lock mechanism (not shown). The above-described configuration and operation relating to the wheel 22 are well known, and thus detailed description and illustration thereof will be omitted.

  A reinforcing bar 24 is bridged between the leg portions 18a and 18b and between the leg portions 18c and 18d. These reinforcing bars 24 and 24 ensure the rigidity of the base 12.

  A long shooter 26 that is a processing waste collecting means that collects processing waste and also serves as a processing waste discharge means is passed between the leg portions 18a and 18c of the base 12 and between the leg portions 18b and 18d. The The housing 28 of the shooter 26 is provided with a roller-shaped wheel 30 that is longer than the wheel 22. Of course, these wheels 30 can also be rotated in the direction of the arrow X in the same manner as the wheels 22 and can be locked by a locking mechanism (not shown) so that the rotation is not possible. The shooter 26 may be movable separately from the base 12 or may be movable integrally with the base 12 by supporting the shooter 26 with the base 12.

  At the left end of the housing 28 in FIGS. 1 and 2, a collection port 32 for collecting machining waste is formed so as to face upward. The collection port 32 is formed with an inclined guide portion 34 that is inclined so as to narrow the collection port 32 as it goes vertically downward.

  The vicinity of the right end of the housing 28 is formed so as to extend in the horizontal direction after being inclined so as to rise as it goes rightward in FIGS. 1 and 2. A discharge port 36 for discharging the machining waste is formed at the right end extending in the horizontal direction. The discharge port 36 is covered with a collection bag (not shown).

  Further, a conveyance belt 38 (see FIG. 2) is provided inside the housing 28. As will be described later, the processing waste collected inside the housing 28 through the collection port 32 is conveyed to the discharge port 36 under the action of the conveyance belt 38 and discharged from the discharge port 36 to the outside of the housing 28. Is done.

  The multi-axis head 14 supported by the support portion 20 of the base 12 is provided with a plurality of tools 40. The plurality of tools 40 rotate under the action of a first motor 42 and a second motor 44 as a tool rotation urging mechanism.

  Specifically, between the rotating shaft 46 of the first motor 42 and a tool group (hereinafter referred to as “first tool group”, which is referred to as “48”) disposed below the multi-axis head 14. Is provided with a first gear train 50, and on the other hand, a rotary shaft 52 of the second motor 44 and a tool group (hereinafter referred to as "second tool group") disposed above the multi-axis head 14, are denoted by reference numerals. 2) is provided with a second gear train 56. Accordingly, the first tool group 48 rotates under the action of the first gear train 50 following the rotation of the rotation shaft 46 of the first motor 42, while the second tool group 54 is Following the urging of the rotation shaft 52 of the second motor 44, the second motor train 56 rotates under the action of the second gear train 56.

  Two guide rods 58 a and 58 b extending toward the work holding board 16 are provided at the corners of the multi-axis head 14. These guide rods 58a and 58b are arranged on a diagonal line in the multi-axis head 14 (see FIG. 1).

  The support portion 20 also supports the cylinder support plate 60. The cylinder support plate 60 supports a cylinder 62 that is a displacement mechanism for moving the workpiece holding plate 16 away from or approaching the multi-axis head 14.

  The displacement rod 64 of the cylinder 62 is connected to the work holding plate 16. That is, the machine tool 10 is a so-called cantilever support type in which the work holding plate 16 is supported by the displacement rod 64. Of course, the work holding plate 16 follows and moves away from and approaches the multiaxial head 14 as the displacement rod 64 moves forward and backward.

  Two insertion holes 66a and 66b are formed through the cylinder support plate 60 along the longitudinal direction (arrow A direction). Bearings 68a and 68b are positioned and fixed on the inner walls of the insertion holes 66a and 66b, and support rods 70a and 70b as auxiliary support members are slidably inserted into the bearings 68a and 68b.

  Two through holes (not shown) are formed in the work holding board 16. A small-diameter screw portion (not shown) constituting the stopper 72 is passed through each through hole. The threaded portion is screwed to the tips of the support rods 70a and 70b. Of course, the main body of the stopper 72 is wider than the through hole, thereby preventing the stopper 72 from coming off. That is, the work holding board 16 is sandwiched between the support rods 70a and 70b and the main bodies of the stoppers 72 and 72, and the work holding board 16 is supported by the support rods 70a and 70b.

  Further, the work holding board 16 is provided with guide bushes 74a and 74b at positions facing the guide rods 58a and 58b (see FIG. 2). As the work holding plate 16 approaches the multi-axis head 14, the tips of the guide rods 58a and 58b enter the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a and 74b. As can be understood from this, the guide rods 58a and 58b and the guide bushes 74a and 74b function as guide means.

  Openable and closable chuck claws 78 a and 78 b are provided on the end surface of the work holding board 16 facing the multi-axis head 14. The workpiece W is held when the chuck claws 78a and 78b are closed, and the workpiece W is released when the chuck claws 78a and 78b are opened.

  Examples of the workpiece W include a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a mission case, and the like that constitute an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle.

  The machine tool 10 according to the first embodiment is basically configured as described above. Next, the operation and effect thereof will be described in relation to the machining method applied to the workpiece W. .

  First, a work W is placed at a predetermined position on the work holding board 16 by an operator or a robot, and the chuck claws 78a and 78b are closed. As a result, the workpiece W is held on the workpiece holding board 16.

  Next, the first motor 42 and the second motor 44 are energized, and thereby the rotation shafts 46 and 52 are energized. The rotational driving forces of the rotary shafts 46 and 52 are transmitted to the first tool group 48 and the second tool group 54 via the first gear train 50 and the second gear train 56, respectively. As a result, the first tool group 48, The second tool group 54 starts rotating.

  Next, the cylinder 62 is energized to retract the displacement rod 64, thereby displacing the work holding plate 16 so as to approach the multi-axis head 14.

  At this time, the supporting rods 70a and 70b retreat while slidingly contacting the bearings 68a and 68b. For this reason, the displacement of the workpiece holding board 16 is not hindered. On the other hand, the support to the work holding plate 16 by the displacement rod 64 and the support rods 70a and 70b is maintained.

  During this displacement, the tips of the guide rods 58a, 58b enter and engage with the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a, 74b. As a result, the displacement rod 64 and the support rods 70a and 70b are prevented from being bent by the weight of the work holding plate 16, that is, the work holding plate 16 is prevented from being lowered slightly. Thereby, it is avoided that the workpiece | work holding | maintenance board 16 raise | generates position shift with respect to the multi-axis head 14. FIG.

  When the workpiece W comes close to the tool 40, the workpiece 40 is machined by the tool 40. The tool 40 is generally a drill, a reamer, or a tap, and a punching process is performed on the workpiece W by these, and a hole is formed at a site corresponding to the installation location of each tool 40 in the workpiece W. As described above, since the work holding plate 16 is prevented from being displaced with respect to the multi-axis head 14, it is possible to form a hole in the original position where the hole should be formed in the work W. It becomes. That is, the processing accuracy can be improved.

  While this drilling process is performed, machining waste (not shown) is generated and falls from the workpiece W. The fallen processing waste is guided by the inclined guide portion 34 provided at the collection port 32 of the shooter 26 and further falls toward the transport belt 38.

  The processing waste is conveyed from left to right in FIGS. 1 and 2 under the action of the conveyance belt 38. The processing waste is finally discharged from the discharge port 36 and collected in the collection bag. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the working environment from being contaminated due to scattering of processing waste.

  The displacement rod 64 and the support rods 70a and 70b are continuously retracted at a predetermined speed. Accordingly, the work holding plate 16 and the work W are displaced toward the multi-axis head 14 at a predetermined speed. That is, the drilling process for the workpiece W is continued.

  When the workpiece holding plate 16 is displaced to a preset position, the cylinder 62 is deenergized, and the displacement rod 64 and the supporting rods 70a and 70b, and the workpiece holding plate 16 and the workpiece W are stopped. As a result, a hole having a predetermined depth is formed in the workpiece W. Thereafter, the first motor 42 and the second motor 44 are de-energized, thereby starting the rotation operation of the first tool group 48 and the second tool group 54.

  After machining (piercing) the workpiece W as described above, the cylinder 62 is re-biased to advance the displacement rod 64. Accordingly, the work holding plate 16 is displaced so as to be separated from the multi-axis head 14. In the middle of this displacement, the tips of the guide rods 58a and 58b are detached from the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a and 74b.

  During this displacement, the supporting rods 70a and 70b move forward while slidingly contacting the bearings 68a and 68b. Accordingly, the displacement of the work holding plate 16 is not hindered at this time, and the support of the work holding plate 16 by the support rods 70a and 70b is maintained.

  When the displacement rod 64 reaches the forward end, the displacement rod 64 stops, and the advancement of the support rods 70a and 70b and the work holding plate 16 ends accordingly. Thereafter, the work W is released by opening the chuck claws 78a and 78b. The worker or the robot may detach the workpiece W thus released from the workpiece holding board 16.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, the machine tool 10 is configured as a cantilever support type in which the work holding plate 16 is supported by the displacement rod 64, and the base 12 that supports the multi-axis head 14 is a frame. It is in the shape. For the reasons described above, a simple, small and lightweight machine tool 10 can be configured.

  Moreover, in the machine tool 10, the support rods 70a and 70b that support the workpiece holding plate 16 in an auxiliary manner are used, so that the machine tool 10 is simpler and more efficient than a machine tool that supports the workpiece holding plate with a machine base. A compact and lightweight configuration is maintained.

  Therefore, this machine tool 10 does not require much force for movement. In other words, the operator can easily move the machine tool 10 to a predetermined location.

  When performing machining at another location, the operator moves the machine tool 10 to a predetermined location where machining is to be performed. Since the wheels 22 and 30 are rotatable along the arrow X direction and can be stopped by the lock mechanism, the machine tool 10 can be easily directed in an arbitrary direction.

  As described above, since the machine tool 10 is small and light and can be easily moved, the degree of freedom of the layout of each processing apparatus including the machine tool 10 can be increased when building a machining line or changing specifications. improves. In addition, the space for installing the machine tool 10 can be saved.

  In addition, when the work holding plate 16 is displaced, the two supporting rods 70a and 70b that support the work holding plate 16 in an auxiliary manner are moved backward or forward. For this reason, it is not hindered that the workpiece holding board 16 is displaced.

  In addition, in this case, an operation of attaching the workpiece W to the workpiece holding board 16 and an operation of removing it from the workpiece holding board 16 are easy. Moreover, since the removal and attachment of the multi-axis head 14 from the machine tool 10 are easy, the multi-axis head 14 can be exchanged smoothly.

  In the first embodiment described above, the horizontal machine tool 10 in which the work holding plate 16 is displaced in the horizontal direction has been described. However, the machine tool is a so-called vertical type in which the work holding plate 16 is displaced in the vertical direction. May be. A machine tool having this configuration will be described as a second embodiment. The same components as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 3 is an overall schematic side partial sectional view of a machine tool 90 according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a plan view thereof. Note that FIG. 3 corresponds to a cross section taken along line 3-3 in FIG.

  The machine tool 90 includes a carriage 92 as a base, a multi-axis head 14 supported by two columns 94a and 94b (see FIG. 4) provided on the carriage 92, and a direction indicated by an arrow B in FIG. And a work holding plate 16 that approaches or separates from the multi-axis head 14 by being displaced to the right. Of course, the arrow B direction in FIG. 3 is the vertical direction.

  In this case, roller-shaped wheels 96 are provided at the four corners of the lower end surface of the carriage 92. The wheel 96 is also rotatable similarly to the wheels 22 and 30 (see FIGS. 1 and 2), and is locked so as not to be rotated by a lock mechanism (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 3, a collection tray 98 serving as a processing waste collection unit is installed at a position corresponding to the lower side of the multiaxial head 14 on the upper end surface of the carriage 92. In this case, the collection tray 98 is merely a container, and the conveyance belt 38 (see FIG. 2) is not provided.

  As described above, the two columns 94a and 94b are erected on the upper end surface of the carriage 92 (see FIG. 4). In addition, handles 100a and 100b extending along the horizontal direction are provided for each of the columns 94a and 94b. Further, reinforcing columns 102 a and 102 b that are inclined with respect to the vertical direction are bridged on the upper ends of the columns 94 a and 94 b and the carriage 92. The columns 94a and 94b are firmly supported by the reinforcing columns 102a and 102b.

  Two support plates 104a and 104b are bridged between the columns 94a and 94b. A cylinder 62 is supported on the supporting plates 104a and 104b.

  As in the first embodiment, the work holding plate 16 is connected to the tip of the displacement rod 64 constituting the cylinder 62. That is, the machine tool 90 is a cantilever type in which the workpiece holding plate 16 is supported only by the displacement rod 64, and the workpiece holding plate 16 has the displacement rod 64 moved forward (down) or moved backward (up). Following or descending or descending.

  In the work holding board 16, on the end face facing the multi-axis head 14 side, guide bushes 74a and 74b are provided diagonally, and open and close chuck claws 78a and 78b are provided. This configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and therefore detailed description thereof is omitted.

  Arm members 106a and 106b that are inclined vertically downward are provided at the upper ends of the columns 94a and 94b, respectively (see FIG. 4). The multi-axis head 14 is supported by these two arm members 106a and 106b.

  In the multi-axis head 14, guide rods 58 a and 58 b are provided at positions facing the guide bushes 74 a and 74 b on the end surface facing the work holding plate 16, and the first tool rotates under the action of the first motor 42. A second tool group 54 that rotates under the action of the group 48 and the second motor 44 is provided. This configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and therefore detailed description thereof is omitted.

  Machining for the workpiece W using the machine tool 90 according to the second embodiment is performed as follows.

  First, in accordance with the first embodiment, after the chuck claws 78a and 78b are closed and the work W is held on the work holding board 16, the first tool 42 and the second motor 44 are energized, whereby the first tool The group 48 and the second tool group 54 are rotated. Then, the cylinder 62 is energized.

  In this case, the work holding plate 16 is raised along the arrow B as the displacement rod 64 moves backward. That is, the work holding plate 16 is displaced so as to approach the multi-axis head 14. In the middle of this displacement, the tips of the guide rods 58a, 58b enter the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a, 74b, thereby preventing the workpiece holding plate 16 from being displaced in the horizontal direction.

  Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, machining, generally drilling, is performed on the workpiece W by the tool 40. In this case, a hole is formed in a part of the workpiece W corresponding to the installation location of each tool 40. As described above, since the work holding plate 16 is prevented from being displaced with respect to the multi-axis head 14, it is possible to form a hole in the original position where the hole should be formed in the work W. .

  When the processing waste generated during the drilling process falls from the workpiece W, the processing waste is collected by the collection tray 98. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the working environment from being contaminated due to scattering of processing waste.

  A hole having a predetermined depth is formed in the workpiece W by continuously moving the displacement rod 64 back to a preset position at a predetermined speed. Thereafter, when the cylinder 62 is deenergized, the displacement rod 64, and hence the work holding plate 16 and the work W are stopped, and when the first motor 42 and the second motor 44 are deenergized, the first tool group 48 is activated. Then, the rotation operation of the second tool group 54 is stopped.

  After machining (piercing) the workpiece W as described above, the cylinder 62 is re-biased to advance the displacement rod 64. Along with this, the work holding plate 16 descends and eventually displaces away from the multi-axis head 14. In the middle of this displacement, the tips of the guide rods 58a and 58b are detached from the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a and 74b.

  When the displacement rod 64 reaches the forward end, the displacement rod 64 stops, and the advancement (down) of the work holding plate 16 and the work W ends accordingly. Thereafter, the chuck claws 78a and 78b are opened to release the workpiece W, and the released workpiece W is detached from the workpiece holder 16 by an operator or robot.

  As described above, also in the second embodiment that employs the cantilever support type in which the work holding plate 16 is supported only by the displacement rod 64 of the cylinder 62 that is the displacement mechanism, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained. Also in this case, it is not necessary to provide a highly rigid machine base for displacing or supporting the work holding board 16, and the machine tool 90 can be made simple and small and light.

  Of course, since this machine tool 90 does not require much force for movement, the operator can easily move the machine tool 90 to a predetermined place. Since the wheel 96 is rotatable and can be stopped by a lock mechanism, it is easy to turn the machine tool 90 in an arbitrary direction. In addition, when moving, the operator may hold the handles 100a and 100b.

  The present invention is not particularly limited to the first and second embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  For example, in both the first and second embodiments, the multi-axis head 14 is positioned and fixed, and the work holding plate 16 is displaced. On the contrary, the work holding plate 16 is mounted on the base 12 ( Alternatively, the carriage 92) may be positioned and fixed and the multi-axis head 14 may be displaced.

  Of course, in the second embodiment, support rods 70a and 70b for auxiliary support may be provided. Conversely, in the first embodiment, the support rods 70a and 70b may be omitted. In the first embodiment, the handles 100a and 100b may be provided on the base 12 or the housing 28 or the like.

  Furthermore, the displacement mechanism is not particularly limited to the cylinder 62, and a ball screw or a rack and pinion mechanism may be adopted as the displacement mechanism.

  Furthermore, the guide bushes 74 a and 74 b may be provided on the multi-axis head 14, while the guide rods 58 a and 58 b may be provided on the work holding plate 16.

  In either case, the guide rods 58a and 58b may always be engaged with the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a and 74b.

  In the second embodiment described above, a workpiece transfer mechanism such as a robot is required when placing the workpiece W on the workpiece holding board 16, but if the workpiece transfer mechanism is not required, the machine tool is further simplified. Can be planned. A machine tool having such a configuration will be described as a third embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the machine tool 210 includes a base frame 211, 211 extending horizontally so as to be placed on a foundation or a machine base, a portal frame 212 extending upward from the base frame 211, 211, and the portal mold The machining head 213 supported by the frame 212, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214 provided on the machining head 213, the workpiece receiving plate 215 moved up and down by the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214, and the workpiece receiving plate 215. And a work holding plate 216 disposed between the machining head 213 and the machining head 213 as main elements.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the processing head 213 includes a plurality (two in this example) of spindle shafts 218 and 219 extending downward. Cutting tools 221 and 222 such as drills and end mills are detachably attached to the spindle shafts 218 and 219.

  The machining head 213 incorporates a drive gear 223 and driven gears 224 and 225, and the drive gear 223 is rotated by a spindle motor 226, whereby the driven gears 224 and 225 are rotated, and the driven shafts 224 and 225 rotate the spindle shaft. 218 and 219 are rotated at high speed. Since the machining head 213 includes a plurality of spindle shafts 218 and 219 in close proximity, it is also called a gang head.

  Guide bars 227 and 227 are extended downward from the processing head 213, and the work holding plate 216 is guided by these guide bars 227 and 227 so as to be movable up and down. The work holding plate 216 is suspended by cushion units 228 and 228 extending from the lower surface of the processing head 213.

  As the cushion unit 228, a structure in which a large number of disc springs are stacked in a cylinder or a structure in which a spring and a hydraulic damper are integrated is suitable. A downward reaction force that suppresses the workpiece restraining plate 216 from rising is generated.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214 is a fluid pressure cylinder unit 230 in which the piston rod 229 extends downward along the vertical axis.

  The workpiece receiving plate 215 is fixed to the tip (lower end) of the piston rod 229 with nuts 231 and 231.

  The guide posts 232 and 232 are extended from the lower surface of the processing head 213. Guide bushes 233 and 233 are provided on the work receiving plate 215. The fluid pressure cylinder unit 230 is divided into a lower chamber 235 and an upper chamber 236 by a piston 234. The piston 234 can be raised by supplying high pressure fluid to the lower chamber 235, and the piston 234 can be lowered by supplying high pressure fluid to the upper chamber 236.

  Guide bushes 233 and 233 are fitted to the guide posts 232 and 232. The level of the workpiece receiving plate 215 is maintained by the guide posts 232 and 232 and the guide bushes 233 and 233. There is no fear of the workpiece receiving plate 215 shaking during the vertical movement. As a result, the workpiece receiving plate 215 can be smoothly moved up and down with only one piston rod 229.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the guide posts 232 and 232 may extend upward from the work receiving plate 215. Guide bushes 233 and 233 are provided on the processing head 213, and guide posts 232 and 232 are inserted through the guide bushes 233 and 233.

  That is, a guide post 232 is provided on one of the machining head 213 and the work receiving plate 215, and a guide bush 233 into which the guide post 232 is inserted is provided on the other, and the work receiving is performed while being guided by the guide post 232 and the guide bush 233. The plate 215 only needs to approach the processing head 213, and it is arbitrary whether the guide posts 232 and 232 extend upward or downward.

  Next, a workpiece transfer mechanism that plays a role of supplying a workpiece before processing to the machine tool 210 of the present invention and receiving a processed workpiece from the machine tool 210 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the work transport mechanism 240 includes a horizontal moving member 241 that horizontally traverses the lower part of the portal frame 212, an arm 242 that stands on the horizontal moving member 241 at a predetermined pitch, A support bar 243 attached to the upper part, and a first receiving pin 244 and a second receiving pin 245 which are large and small and extend upward from the support bar 243.

  In other words, the work transport mechanism 240 is a mechanism that transports the unprocessed work W1 and the processed work W2 only horizontally, and does not move up and down.

  The workpieces W1 and W2 in this embodiment are a continuously variable transmission case or a lid that closes the opening of the case, but the form, type, and use of the workpiece W1 are arbitrary.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the arm 242 is a C-type arm.

  The workpiece receiving plate 215 is provided with a through groove 247 having a T shape. The through groove 247 is a groove that relatively allows the support bar 243 and the arm 242 to pass therethrough.

  The support bar 243 and the arm 242 do not move up and down.

  When the workpiece receiving plate 215 indicated by the solid line is lowered, the through groove 247 reaches the position of the imaginary line without interfering with the support bar 243 and the arm 242. That is, the workpiece receiving plate 215 can move up and down from the position of the solid line to the position of the imaginary line.

  The work receiving plate 215 is provided with a first receiving surface 248, a first positioning pin 429, a second receiving surface 251, and a second positioning pin 252.

  The operation of the machine tool having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 11A, the workpiece receiving plate 215 is held below the workpiece W1. As described in FIG. 10, since the arm 242 has a C shape so as to bypass the workpiece receiving plate 215, the arm 242 does not interfere with the workpiece receiving plate 215. It is conveyed horizontally by the mechanism 240. The workpiece W1 is stopped at a predetermined position.

  As shown in FIG. 11 (b), the workpiece W 1 is scooped up by the workpiece receiving plate 215 by raising the workpiece receiving plate 215. The work W1 is separated from the first receiving pin 244 and the second receiving pin 245, but is positioned in the horizontal direction by the first positioning pin 429 and the second positioning pin 252, and the first receiving surface 248 and the second receiving surface 251 are positioned. And positioning in the vertical direction. In the figure, the workpiece receiving plate 215 is in the middle of rising, and there is a gap between the workpiece W1 and the workpiece holding plate 216.

  When the workpiece receiving plate 215 is further raised, the upper surface of the workpiece W1 comes into contact with the workpiece holding plate 216 as shown in FIG. When the workpiece receiving plate 215 is further raised, the cushion units 228 and 228 are contracted, and the cushion units 228 and 228 urge the workpiece W1 toward the workpiece receiving plate 215 in accordance with the contraction amount.

  In addition, although the example of the cushion units 228 and 228 in which the workpiece holding plate 216 is suspended from the lower surface of the machining head 213 is interposed between the lower surface of the machining head 213 and the workpiece holding plate 216, the workpiece holding plate 216 is Although it slides up and down, the rising end of the work holding plate 216 is stopped by a stopper (not shown), and a cushion unit is not interposed between the lower surface of the processing head 213 and the work holding plate 216, and there are many inside the cylinder (not shown). A cushion unit (not shown) configured by laminating a plurality of disc springs or an unshown spring and a hydraulic damper is integrated on the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216 to provide a lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216 and the workpiece. You may interpose between W1. Then, when the workpiece receiving plate 215 is raised, the upper surface of the workpiece W1 comes into contact with a cushion unit (not shown) installed on the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216. When the workpiece receiving plate 215 is further raised, the cushion unit (not shown) is contracted, and the cushion unit (not shown) biases the workpiece W1 toward the workpiece receiving plate 215 in accordance with the contraction amount.

  As shown in FIG. 12B, the workpiece W1 sandwiched between the workpiece receiving plate 215 and the workpiece holding plate 216 is machined by the cutting tools 221 and 222 of the machining head 213. When the machining is completed, the workpiece receiving plate 215 is lowered in the order of FIG. 12A → FIG. 11B → FIG. 11A, and the processed workpiece W2 is transferred to the support bar 243.

  As is clear from the above description, the machining head 213 is stopped and the workpiece W1 is moved closer to the machining head 213. Since the processing head 213, which is a heavy object, is not moved, energy saving can be achieved.

  Further, a work receiving plate moving mechanism (FIG. 7, reference numeral 214) is attached to the processing head 213, and the work receiving plate 215 is brought close to the processing head 213 by this work receiving plate moving mechanism. While sandwiching the workpiece W1 between the workpiece receiving plate 215 and the workpiece holding plate 216, the workpiece W1 is moved closer to the machining head 213. That is, since the workpiece W1 is separated from the workpiece conveyance mechanism 240 and brought close to the machining head 213, the conveyance speed of the workpiece conveyance mechanism 240 can be increased without being affected by the workpiece W1.

  Next, a preferred modification will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 13, a positioning knock pin 254 (hereinafter referred to as a knock pin 254) is provided on the work receiving plate 215, a columnar member 255 is provided on the work holding plate 216, and a knock hole 256 is provided in the columnar member 255. It is done.

  In addition, a groove 257 that opens to the side is formed in the knock pin 254, and a clamp mechanism 258 is provided on the work holding plate 216 in the vicinity of the columnar member 255.

  The clamp mechanism 258 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder with a built-in cam groove 259 formed by connecting an oblique groove and an axial groove. When the hydraulic cylinder is contracted, the piston rod is rotated by the oblique groove. Next, the piston rod moves in the axial direction without rotating by the axial groove. This hydraulic cylinder is a cylinder unit that continuously performs turning and linear movement.

  First, the workpiece receiving plate 215 is raised by the piston rod 229. Then, the knock pin 254 is fitted into the knock hole 256.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the clamp mechanism 258 is activated. Then, after the clamp claw 261 turns about 90 ° as indicated by the arrow (1), the clamp claw 261 moves as indicated by the arrow (2) to attract the knock pin 254 to the columnar member 255. As a result, the work holding plate 216 is clamped to the work receiving plate 215.

  That is, the work holding plate 216 is positioned on the work receiving plate 215 by the knock pin 254 and the knock hole 256. Since the workpiece holding plate 216 is positioned on the workpiece receiving plate 215, the position of the workpiece to be clamped is accurately determined.

  In FIG. 12, a force corresponding to the cutting resistance is applied to the workpiece W1 during machining by the machining head 213. When there is no clamping mechanism, it is necessary to strongly press the workpiece W1 with the workpiece restraining plate 216, so it is necessary to strengthen the elastic members (cushion units 228 and 228) attached to the workpiece restraining plate 216.

  In this regard, with the structure shown in FIG. 14, by providing the clamp mechanisms 258 and 258, the elastic member (FIG. 6, reference numeral 228) attached to the work holding plate 216 can be weak, and the elastic member can be reduced in weight and size. I can plan.

  Note that the columnar member 255 may be provided on the workpiece receiving plate 215 and the knock pin 254 may be provided on the workpiece holding plate 216 with the top and bottom reversed.

  Further, although examples of the cushion units 228 and 228 (FIG. 12) in which the workpiece restraining plate 216 is suspended from the lower surface of the machining head 213 are interposed between the lower surface of the machining head 213 and the workpiece restraining plate 216, the workpiece restraining is shown. Although the plate 216 slides up and down, the rising end of the work holding plate 216 is stopped by a stopper (not shown) or the like, and a cushion unit is not interposed between the lower surface of the processing head 213 and the work holding plate 216, and a cylinder (not shown) A cushion unit (not shown) configured by laminating a plurality of disc springs therein or by integrating a spring (not shown) and a hydraulic damper (see FIG. 10) is a first receiver on the upper surface of the work receiving plate 215. The workpiece receiving plate 2 is installed on the member having the surface 248 and the member having the second receiving surface 251. It is interposed between the fifth top surface and the workpiece W1 may be. Then, when the workpiece receiving plate 215 is raised, the upper surface of the workpiece W1 comes into contact with the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216. Further, when the workpiece receiving plate 215 is raised, the cushion unit (not shown) is contracted, and the cushion unit (not shown) urges the workpiece W1 to the workpiece holding plate 216 in accordance with the contraction amount. A cushion unit (not shown) may be installed on the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216 and interposed between the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216 and the workpiece W1.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 15, two works W <b> 1 and W <b> 1 may be placed on one work receiving plate 215.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 16, the center of the piston rod 229 can be made to coincide with the total center of gravity obtained by integrating the center of gravity of the two workpieces W1 and W1 and the center of gravity of one workpiece receiving plate 215. . Since the balance is achieved, the workpiece receiving plate 215 can be raised and lowered with only one piston rod 229.

  Ideally, the center of the piston rod 229 matches the center of gravity of the piston rod 229, but the center of the piston rod 229 is allowed to be offset from the center of gravity of the piston rod 229 by the outer diameter dimension. . This is because a small imbalance is covered by the guide posts 232 and 232.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214 can be completed with one fluid pressure cylinder unit. If one fluid pressure cylinder unit is used, it is possible to reduce the equipment cost for simplifying the apparatus.

  The workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214 can also be configured by a plurality (a plurality) of fluid pressure cylinder units.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 17A, the workpiece receiving plate 215 may be moved up and down by two piston rods 229 and 229. In this case, a virtual central axis 263 formed by integrating a plurality of piston rods 229 and 229 into one is defined. Specifically, the midpoint of the line 262 connecting the piston rods 229 and 229 becomes the virtual central axis 263.

  The two piston rods 229 and 229 are positioned so that the virtual center axis 263 matches or substantially matches the total center of gravity. The piston rods 229 and 229 are less likely to be bent. As a result, there is no need to increase the diameter of the piston rods 229 and 229, the diameter can be reduced, and the work receiving plate moving mechanism 214 can be reduced in size and weight.

  Alternatively, the workpiece receiving plate 215 may be moved up and down by three piston rods 229, 229, and 229 as shown in FIG. In this case, the central piston rod 229 becomes the virtual central axis 263. The three piston rods 229, 229, and 229 are positioned so that the virtual center axis 263 matches or substantially matches the total center of gravity. The piston rods 229, 229, and 229 are hardly bent. As a result, there is no need to increase the diameter of the piston rods 229, 229, and 229, the diameter can be reduced, and the work receiving plate moving mechanism 214 can be reduced in size and weight.

  The clamp mechanism 258 described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14 can be simply combined with an inexpensive rotary actuator and an inexpensive cylinder, and is not limited to the structure of the embodiment.

  The present invention can be applied to a machine tool for machining a workpiece with a machining unit.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 90, 210 ... Machine tool 12 ... Base 14 ... Multi-axis head 16 ... Work holding | maintenance board 22, 30, 96 ... Wheel 26 ... Shooter 38 ... Conveyance belt 40 ... Tool 42 ... 1st motor 44 ... 2nd motor 58a 58b ... guide rod 60 ... cylinder support plate 62 ... cylinder 64 ... displacement rods 70a, 70b ... support rods 74a, 74b ... guide bush 76 ... bearing holes 78a, 78b ... chuck claw 92 ... cart 98 ... collection tray 100a , 100 b, handle 213, machining head 214, work receiving plate moving mechanism 215, work receiving plate 216, work holding plate 218, 219, spindle shaft 229, piston rod 230, fluid pressure cylinder unit 232, guide post 233, guide bush 240 ... Work transfer mechanism 247 ... Penetration Groove 254 ... Knock pin 256 ... Knock hole 258 ... Clamp mechanism 263 ... Virtual central axis W ... Work W1 ... Work W2 before working ... Work processed

The present invention relates to machine tools for performing a workpiece by a plurality of tools provided in the polyaxial head.

  Various structural members such as an engine cylinder block and a transmission case mounted on a vehicle use, for example, a machine tool including a multi-axis head (also referred to as a gang head) provided with a plurality of tools. It is made by machining the workpiece. An example of this type of machine tool is the one proposed by the present applicant in Patent Document 1 (see particularly FIG. 2).

  The machine tool described in Patent Literature 1 includes a processing unit that is positioned and fixed, and a jig unit that approaches or separates from the processing unit. When the jig unit on which the workpiece is placed is placed below the machining unit, the lift drive unit is energized, and the lift is raised while being supported by the machine base. Approach toward the machining unit while supporting. Thereafter, the workpiece is machined.

  In addition, many machine tools for machining a workpiece by a machining head called a gang head have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2)).

  As shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Literature 2, the machining unit (14) (the numbers in parentheses indicate the symbols described in Patent Literature 2. The same applies hereinafter) includes six multi-axis machining heads (82). Prepared, and the whole moves in the Y direction.

  Moreover, a clamp unit (12) is provided in the transport line (16). The clamp unit (12) is transported in the X direction orthogonal to the Y direction.

  As shown in FIG. 2 of Patent Document 2, the clamp unit (12) includes advance / retreat arms (46, 48), and the work (W) is held between these advance / retreat arms (46, 48).

  In the structure of Patent Document 2, the processing unit (14), which is a heavy object, is moved in the Y direction, so that energy consumed for movement increases.

  The clamp unit (12) is transported by the transport line (16), stopped at a predetermined position, and machined by the processing unit (14) at that position, but the stop position of the clamp unit (12). Need to be accurate. To be accurate, considerations such as lowering the transport speed and driving a knock pin at the stop position are required.

  As a result, the structure of the transfer line (16) becomes complicated and it becomes difficult to increase the transfer speed.

  From the viewpoint of energy saving, it is desired that the processing unit be stationary, and from the viewpoint of improving productivity, the speed of the transfer line is required.

  That is, there is a need for a machine tool that does not need to move the processing unit and that can speed up the transfer line.

Japanese Patent No. 4382015 JP 2011-240466 A

  According to the configuration of the machine tool described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to achieve simplification and miniaturization. Recently, however, further simplification and miniaturization has been demanded. Such a machine tool is light in weight and thus easy to carry, and can be a portable type rather than a stationary type. In this case, since the machine tool can be arranged at an arbitrary place, there is an advantage that the degree of freedom in layout of the factory or work station is increased.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems described above, is further simplified, miniaturized, and to provide a machine tool can be easily transported.

  Moreover, this invention makes it a subject to provide the machine tool which does not need to move a processing unit and can make a conveyance line high-speed.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the first invention is a machine tool for processing a workpiece with a plurality of tools provided in a multi-axis head,
The base,
A work holding plate disposed at a position facing the multi-axis head and holding a work;
A displacement mechanism for displacing the workpiece holding plate in a direction relatively away from or approaching the multi-axis head;
With
While supporting either one of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head on the base, it is a cantilever support type in which the remaining one of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head is supported by the displacement mechanism,
In addition, when the work holding plate is displaced relative to the multi-axis head, the work holding plate has guide means for guiding the multi-axis head.

  Note that the phrase “displaces in a direction in which the work holding plate is relatively separated from or approaches the multi-axis head” means “displaced so that the work holding plate is separated from or approaches the multi-axis head that is positioned and fixed”. And “when the multi-axis head is displaced so as to move away from or approach the workpiece holding plate positioned and fixed”. That is, in the present invention, the workpiece that is displaced under the action of the displacement mechanism may be either a work holding plate or a multi-axis head.

  Further, the term “cantilever support type” includes not only the case where the direction in which the work holding plate is displaced relative to the multi-axis head is the horizontal direction but also the case where the direction is the vertical direction.

  The cantilever support type eliminates the need for a highly rigid machine base for displacing or supporting the work holding board. Therefore, the configuration of the machine tool is simplified, and the size and weight can be reduced.

  Such a machine tool is easy to carry. In other words, it can be easily moved. For this reason, since it can arrange | position in arbitrary places, the advantage that the freedom degree of the layout of a factory or a work station improves is also acquired.

  In addition, since the workpiece holder or the multi-axis head that is displaced is guided by the guide means, it is possible to prevent the workpiece from being displaced relative to the tool. For this reason, a process is given to the original location which should process a work. For this reason, the processing accuracy is good.

Incidentally, one supported by a displacement mechanism within a word over click retaining disc or multi head may be auxiliary supported by the auxiliary support member. Thereby, a workpiece holding board or a multi-axis head can be supported more stably.

  In this case, the auxiliary support member may be advanced or retracted following the displacement of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head. This prevents the displacement of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head due to the provision of the auxiliary support member.

Moreover , it is preferable to provide a wheel with respect to a base . This makes it easier to move the machine tool.

Further, it is preferable to provide a processing refuse collecting means for collecting pressurized Kokuzu. As a result, it is possible to avoid scattering of processing waste in the work environment, so that the work environment can be kept clean. In order to collect the processing waste easily, the processing waste collection means may be disposed below the multi-axis head.

Also processing refuse collecting means of this, may be provided wheel.

  Thereby, even if it is a case where a machine tool contains a processing waste collection means, it can be moved easily.

In addition, the second invention is a cantilever type work machine in which one of the work holding plate and the multi-axis head is supported by a base and the remaining one of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head is supported by a displacement mechanism. A machining method for machining a workpiece using a machine,
Holding the workpiece on the workpiece holding plate disposed at a position facing the multi-axis head;
By urging the displacement mechanism, the work holding plate is displaced so as to be relatively close to the multi-axis head, thereby causing the work held on the work holding plate to approach the multi-axis head. Process,
Processing the workpiece with a plurality of tools provided on the multi-axis head;
By urging the displacement mechanism, the workpiece holding plate is displaced so as to be relatively separated from the multi-axis head, whereby the processed workpiece held by the workpiece holding plate is moved to the multi-axis. Separating the head;
Have
When the work holding plate is displaced relative to the multi-axis head, the work holding plate or the multi-axis head is guided by guide means.

  By going through such a process, it is possible to perform high-precision machining on the workpiece using a cantilever-supported machine tool. Since the workpiece holding disk or multi-axis head that is displaced is guided by the guide means, it is avoided that the workpiece is misaligned with respect to the tool, and processing is performed on the original position where the workpiece should be processed. It is.

In this case, when collecting the processing refuse by processing refuse collecting means, it is possible to prevent the swarf is scattered on the work environment preferred.

A third invention is a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece is processed by causing the workpiece to approach the machining head,
A workpiece receiving plate on which the workpiece is placed, a workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism that is provided on the processing head and moves the workpiece receiving plate so as to approach the processing head, and is disposed between the processing head and the workpiece receiving plate. A workpiece holding plate that presses the workpiece against the workpiece receiving plate after the workpiece has approached the machining head to a predetermined position .
The spindle axis extends downward from the machining head,
A positioning knock pin is provided on one of the workpiece receiving plate and the workpiece holding plate, and a knock hole into which the knock pin is inserted is provided on the other.
By the knock pin and the knock hole, the workpiece suppressed plate workpiece receiving plate and said Rukoto positioned.

In the invention according to claim 2 , a guide post is provided on one of the processing head and the workpiece receiving plate, and a guide bush into which the guide post is inserted is provided on the other.
The workpiece receiving plate approaches the machining head while being guided by the guide post and the guide bush.

In the invention which concerns on Claim 3 , a workpiece | work receiving plate moving mechanism consists of one fluid pressure cylinder unit,
The fluid pressure cylinder unit is arranged so that the piston rod of the fluid pressure cylinder unit passes through or around the total center of gravity obtained by adding the workpiece to the workpiece receiving plate.

In the invention according to claim 4 , the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is composed of a plurality of fluid pressure cylinder units,
The fluid pressure cylinder unit is arranged so that a virtual central axis formed by collecting a plurality of piston rods into one passes through or around the total center of gravity obtained by adding the workpiece to the workpiece receiving plate. It is characterized by that.

In the invention which concerns on Claim 5 , when a workpiece | work is clamped between the workpiece | work receiving plate and the workpiece | work holding | suppressing plate, the clamp mechanism which couple | bonds both plates mechanically is provided.

In the invention which concerns on Claim 6 , a workpiece conveyance mechanism can be transferred so that the workpiece | work before a process can be transferred from a workpiece conveyance mechanism to a workpiece receiving plate, or a processed workpiece can be transferred from a workpiece receiving plate to a workpiece conveyance mechanism. The workpiece receiving plate is provided with a through groove that allows the passage of the workpiece.

In the invention according to claim 1 , the machining head is stationary and the workpiece is brought close to the machining head. Energy saving can be achieved because the processing head, which is a heavy object, is not moved.

  Further, a workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is attached to the machining head, and the workpiece receiving plate is moved closer to the machining head by the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism. While holding the workpiece between the workpiece receiving plate and workpiece holding plate, the workpiece is moved closer to the machining head. That is, since the workpiece is separated from the workpiece conveyance line and brought closer to the machining head, the conveyance speed in the workpiece conveyance line can be increased.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to move the machining unit, and a machine tool that can increase the speed of the transfer line is provided.

Further , the work holding plate is positioned on the work receiving plate by the knock pin and the knock hole. Since the workpiece holding plate is positioned on the workpiece receiving plate, the position of the workpiece to be clamped is accurately determined.

In the invention according to claim 2 , a guide post is provided on one of the machining head and the work receiving plate, and a guide bush into which the guide post is inserted is provided on the other. Since the workpiece receiving plate approaches the machining head while being guided by the guide post and the guide bush, there is no fear that the workpiece will swing while moving to the machining head.

In the invention according to claim 3 , the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is composed of one fluid pressure cylinder unit, and the piston rod of the fluid pressure cylinder unit has a total gravity center point where the workpiece is added to the workpiece receiving plate or the vicinity thereof. A fluid pressure cylinder unit is arranged to pass through.

  By pulling the center of gravity with the cylinder unit, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism can be completed with one fluid pressure cylinder unit. If one fluid pressure cylinder unit is used, it is possible to reduce the equipment cost for simplifying the apparatus.

In the invention according to claim 4 , the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is composed of a plurality of fluid pressure cylinder units,
The fluid pressure cylinder unit is arranged so that a virtual central axis formed by collecting a plurality of piston rods into one passes through or around the total center of gravity obtained by adding the workpiece to the workpiece receiving plate. .

  Even when a single workpiece receiving plate is moved up and down by a plurality of fluid pressure cylinders, the piston rod is bent by matching the virtual center axis of the plurality of piston rods with the total center of gravity. Can be prevented.

In the invention which concerns on Claim 5 , when a workpiece | work is clamped between the workpiece | work receiving plate and the workpiece | work holding | suppressing plate, the clamp mechanism which couple | bonds both plates mechanically is provided. During machining by the machining head, a force corresponding to cutting resistance is applied to the workpiece. When there is no clamping mechanism, it is necessary to strongly press the work with the work holding plate, so it is necessary to reinforce the elastic member attached to the work holding plate.

  In this regard, according to the present invention, by providing the clamp mechanism, the elastic member attached to the workpiece restraining plate is weak, and the elastic member can be reduced in weight and size.

In the invention which concerns on Claim 6 , a workpiece conveyance mechanism can be transferred so that the workpiece | work before a process can be transferred from a workpiece conveyance mechanism to a workpiece receiving plate, or a processed workpiece can be transferred from a workpiece receiving plate to a workpiece conveyance mechanism. A through groove that allows the workpiece to pass therethrough is provided in the workpiece receiving plate.

  The workpiece receiving plate can scoop up the workpiece before processing on the workpiece transfer mechanism (work transfer line). The processed workpiece can be returned to the workpiece transfer mechanism (work transfer line) with the workpiece receiving plate.

  Normally, it is necessary to dispose a workpiece transfer mechanism such as a robot between the workpiece transfer mechanism and the workpiece receiving plate. However, according to the present invention, the workpiece transfer mechanism is unnecessary, and the machine tool Further simplification can be achieved.

1 is an overall schematic perspective view of a machine tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an overall schematic side view of the machine tool of FIG. 1. It is the whole general | schematic side surface partial sectional view of the machine tool which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the machine tool of FIG. 3. It is a perspective view of the machine tool which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 in FIG. 5. FIG. 4 is a modification diagram of FIG. 3. 1 is a front view of a machine tool according to the present invention. It is a principal part perspective view of a workpiece conveyance mechanism. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of a machine tool. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of a machine tool. It is a figure explaining the structure of a clamp mechanism. It is an effect | action figure of a clamp mechanism. It is a figure which shows the example of a change of a workpiece | work receiving plate. FIG. 16 is a plan view of FIG. 15. It is a figure which shows the further example of a change of a workpiece | work receiving plate.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the machining method according to the present invention will be described in detail in relation to a machine tool for carrying out the machining method, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 and 2 are an overall schematic perspective view and an overall schematic side view of the machine tool 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively. The machine tool 10 includes a base 12, a multi-axis head 14 supported by the base 12, and a work holding plate 16 that approaches or separates from the multi-axis head 14 by being displaced in the direction of arrow A. Have The direction of the arrow A is the horizontal direction, and therefore the machine tool 10 is a so-called horizontal type.

  The base 12 has a frame shape composed of four leg portions 18a to 18d and a support portion 20, and roller-shaped wheels 22 are provided at the tip portions of the leg portions 18a to 18d, respectively. . The wheel 22 can be rotated in the direction of the arrow X about the vertical direction as in the case of a so-called caster, and is locked so as not to be rotated by a lock mechanism (not shown). The above-described configuration and operation relating to the wheel 22 are well known, and thus detailed description and illustration thereof will be omitted.

Between the adjacent legs 18a, 18 c, legs 18 b, between 18d between the reinforcing bar 24 is bridged respectively. These reinforcing bars 24 and 24 ensure the rigidity of the base 12.

  A long shooter 26 that is a processing waste collecting means that collects processing waste and also serves as a processing waste discharge means is passed between the leg portions 18a and 18c of the base 12 and between the leg portions 18b and 18d. The The housing 28 of the shooter 26 is provided with a roller-shaped wheel 30 that is longer than the wheel 22. Of course, these wheels 30 can also be rotated in the direction of the arrow X in the same manner as the wheels 22 and can be locked by a locking mechanism (not shown) so that the rotation is not possible. The shooter 26 may be movable separately from the base 12 or may be movable integrally with the base 12 by supporting the shooter 26 with the base 12.

  At the left end of the housing 28 in FIGS. 1 and 2, a collection port 32 for collecting machining waste is formed so as to face upward. The collection port 32 is formed with an inclined guide portion 34 that is inclined so as to narrow the collection port 32 as it goes vertically downward.

  The vicinity of the right end of the housing 28 is formed so as to extend in the horizontal direction after being inclined so as to rise as it goes rightward in FIGS. 1 and 2. A discharge port 36 for discharging the machining waste is formed at the right end extending in the horizontal direction. The discharge port 36 is covered with a collection bag (not shown).

  Further, a conveyance belt 38 (see FIG. 2) is provided inside the housing 28. As will be described later, the processing waste collected inside the housing 28 through the collection port 32 is conveyed to the discharge port 36 under the action of the conveyance belt 38 and discharged from the discharge port 36 to the outside of the housing 28. Is done.

  The multi-axis head 14 supported by the support portion 20 of the base 12 is provided with a plurality of tools 40. The plurality of tools 40 rotate under the action of a first motor 42 and a second motor 44 as a tool rotation urging mechanism.

  Specifically, between the rotating shaft 46 of the first motor 42 and a tool group (hereinafter referred to as “first tool group”, which is referred to as “48”) disposed below the multi-axis head 14. Is provided with a first gear train 50, and on the other hand, a rotary shaft 52 of the second motor 44 and a tool group (hereinafter referred to as "second tool group") disposed above the multi-axis head 14, are denoted by reference numerals. 2) is provided with a second gear train 56. Accordingly, the first tool group 48 rotates under the action of the first gear train 50 following the rotation of the rotation shaft 46 of the first motor 42, while the second tool group 54 is Following the urging of the rotation shaft 52 of the second motor 44, the second motor train 56 rotates under the action of the second gear train 56.

  Two guide rods 58 a and 58 b extending toward the work holding board 16 are provided at the corners of the multi-axis head 14. These guide rods 58a and 58b are arranged on a diagonal line in the multi-axis head 14 (see FIG. 1).

  The support portion 20 also supports the cylinder support plate 60. The cylinder support plate 60 supports a cylinder 62 that is a displacement mechanism for moving the workpiece holding plate 16 away from or approaching the multi-axis head 14.

  The displacement rod 64 of the cylinder 62 is connected to the work holding plate 16. That is, the machine tool 10 is a so-called cantilever support type in which the work holding plate 16 is supported by the displacement rod 64. Of course, the work holding plate 16 follows and moves away from and approaches the multiaxial head 14 as the displacement rod 64 moves forward and backward.

  Two insertion holes 66a and 66b are formed through the cylinder support plate 60 along the longitudinal direction (arrow A direction). Bearings 68a and 68b are positioned and fixed on the inner walls of the insertion holes 66a and 66b, and support rods 70a and 70b as auxiliary support members are slidably inserted into the bearings 68a and 68b.

  Two through holes (not shown) are formed in the work holding board 16. A small-diameter screw portion (not shown) constituting the stopper 72 is passed through each through hole. The threaded portion is screwed to the tips of the support rods 70a and 70b. Of course, the main body of the stopper 72 is wider than the through hole, thereby preventing the stopper 72 from coming off. That is, the work holding board 16 is sandwiched between the support rods 70a and 70b and the main bodies of the stoppers 72 and 72, and the work holding board 16 is supported by the support rods 70a and 70b.

  Further, the work holding board 16 is provided with guide bushes 74a and 74b at positions facing the guide rods 58a and 58b (see FIG. 2). As the work holding plate 16 approaches the multi-axis head 14, the tips of the guide rods 58a and 58b enter the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a and 74b. As can be understood from this, the guide rods 58a and 58b and the guide bushes 74a and 74b function as guide means.

  Openable and closable chuck claws 78 a and 78 b are provided on the end surface of the work holding board 16 facing the multi-axis head 14. The workpiece W is held when the chuck claws 78a and 78b are closed, and the workpiece W is released when the chuck claws 78a and 78b are opened.

  Examples of the workpiece W include a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a mission case, and the like that constitute an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle.

  The machine tool 10 according to the first embodiment is basically configured as described above. Next, the operation and effect thereof will be described in relation to the machining method applied to the workpiece W. .

  First, a work W is placed at a predetermined position on the work holding board 16 by an operator or a robot, and the chuck claws 78a and 78b are closed. As a result, the workpiece W is held on the workpiece holding board 16.

  Next, the first motor 42 and the second motor 44 are energized, and thereby the rotation shafts 46 and 52 are energized. The rotational driving forces of the rotary shafts 46 and 52 are transmitted to the first tool group 48 and the second tool group 54 via the first gear train 50 and the second gear train 56, respectively. As a result, the first tool group 48, The second tool group 54 starts rotating.

  Next, the cylinder 62 is energized to retract the displacement rod 64, thereby displacing the work holding plate 16 so as to approach the multi-axis head 14.

  At this time, the supporting rods 70a and 70b retreat while slidingly contacting the bearings 68a and 68b. For this reason, the displacement of the workpiece holding board 16 is not hindered. On the other hand, the support to the work holding plate 16 by the displacement rod 64 and the support rods 70a and 70b is maintained.

  During this displacement, the tips of the guide rods 58a, 58b enter and engage with the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a, 74b. As a result, the displacement rod 64 and the support rods 70a and 70b are prevented from being bent by the weight of the work holding plate 16, that is, the work holding plate 16 is prevented from being lowered slightly. Thereby, it is avoided that the workpiece | work holding | maintenance board 16 raise | generates position shift with respect to the multi-axis head 14. FIG.

  When the workpiece W comes close to the tool 40, the workpiece 40 is machined by the tool 40. The tool 40 is generally a drill, a reamer, or a tap, and a punching process is performed on the workpiece W by these, and a hole is formed at a site corresponding to the installation location of each tool 40 in the workpiece W. As described above, since the work holding plate 16 is prevented from being displaced with respect to the multi-axis head 14, it is possible to form a hole in the original position where the hole should be formed in the work W. It becomes. That is, the processing accuracy can be improved.

  While this drilling process is performed, machining waste (not shown) is generated and falls from the workpiece W. The fallen processing waste is guided by the inclined guide portion 34 provided at the collection port 32 of the shooter 26 and further falls toward the transport belt 38.

  The processing waste is conveyed from left to right in FIGS. 1 and 2 under the action of the conveyance belt 38. The processing waste is finally discharged from the discharge port 36 and collected in the collection bag. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the working environment from being contaminated due to scattering of processing waste.

  The displacement rod 64 and the support rods 70a and 70b are continuously retracted at a predetermined speed. Accordingly, the work holding plate 16 and the work W are displaced toward the multi-axis head 14 at a predetermined speed. That is, the drilling process for the workpiece W is continued.

  When the workpiece holding plate 16 is displaced to a preset position, the cylinder 62 is deenergized, and the displacement rod 64 and the supporting rods 70a and 70b, and the workpiece holding plate 16 and the workpiece W are stopped. As a result, a hole having a predetermined depth is formed in the workpiece W. Thereafter, the first motor 42 and the second motor 44 are de-energized, thereby starting the rotation operation of the first tool group 48 and the second tool group 54.

  After machining (piercing) the workpiece W as described above, the cylinder 62 is re-biased to advance the displacement rod 64. Accordingly, the work holding plate 16 is displaced so as to be separated from the multi-axis head 14. In the middle of this displacement, the tips of the guide rods 58a and 58b are detached from the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a and 74b.

  During this displacement, the supporting rods 70a and 70b move forward while slidingly contacting the bearings 68a and 68b. Accordingly, the displacement of the work holding plate 16 is not hindered at this time, and the support of the work holding plate 16 by the support rods 70a and 70b is maintained.

  When the displacement rod 64 reaches the forward end, the displacement rod 64 stops, and the advancement of the support rods 70a and 70b and the work holding plate 16 ends accordingly. Thereafter, the work W is released by opening the chuck claws 78a and 78b. The worker or the robot may detach the workpiece W thus released from the workpiece holding board 16.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, the machine tool 10 is configured as a cantilever support type in which the work holding plate 16 is supported by the displacement rod 64, and the base 12 that supports the multi-axis head 14 is a frame. It is in the shape. For the reasons described above, a simple, small and lightweight machine tool 10 can be configured.

  Moreover, in the machine tool 10, the support rods 70a and 70b that support the workpiece holding plate 16 in an auxiliary manner are used, so that the machine tool 10 is simpler and more efficient than a machine tool that supports the workpiece holding plate with a machine base. A compact and lightweight configuration is maintained.

  Therefore, this machine tool 10 does not require much force for movement. In other words, the operator can easily move the machine tool 10 to a predetermined location.

  When performing machining at another location, the operator moves the machine tool 10 to a predetermined location where machining is to be performed. Since the wheels 22 and 30 are rotatable along the arrow X direction and can be stopped by the lock mechanism, the machine tool 10 can be easily directed in an arbitrary direction.

  As described above, since the machine tool 10 is small and light and can be easily moved, the degree of freedom of the layout of each processing apparatus including the machine tool 10 can be increased when building a machining line or changing specifications. improves. In addition, the space for installing the machine tool 10 can be saved.

  In addition, when the work holding plate 16 is displaced, the two supporting rods 70a and 70b that support the work holding plate 16 in an auxiliary manner are moved backward or forward. For this reason, it is not hindered that the workpiece holding board 16 is displaced.

  In addition, in this case, an operation of attaching the workpiece W to the workpiece holding board 16 and an operation of removing it from the workpiece holding board 16 are easy. Moreover, since the removal and attachment of the multi-axis head 14 from the machine tool 10 are easy, the multi-axis head 14 can be exchanged smoothly.

  In the first embodiment described above, the horizontal machine tool 10 in which the work holding plate 16 is displaced in the horizontal direction has been described. However, the machine tool is a so-called vertical type in which the work holding plate 16 is displaced in the vertical direction. May be. A machine tool having this configuration will be described as a second embodiment. The same components as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 3 is an overall schematic side partial sectional view of a machine tool 90 according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a plan view thereof. Note that FIG. 3 corresponds to a cross section taken along line 3-3 in FIG.

  The machine tool 90 includes a carriage 92 as a base, a multi-axis head 14 supported by two columns 94a and 94b (see FIG. 4) provided on the carriage 92, and a direction indicated by an arrow B in FIG. And a work holding plate 16 that approaches or separates from the multi-axis head 14 by being displaced to the right. Of course, the arrow B direction in FIG. 3 is the vertical direction.

  In this case, roller-shaped wheels 96 are provided at the four corners of the lower end surface of the carriage 92. The wheel 96 is also rotatable similarly to the wheels 22 and 30 (see FIGS. 1 and 2), and is locked so as not to be rotated by a lock mechanism (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 3, a collection tray 98 serving as a processing waste collection unit is installed at a position corresponding to the lower side of the multiaxial head 14 on the upper end surface of the carriage 92. In this case, the collection tray 98 is merely a container, and the conveyance belt 38 (see FIG. 2) is not provided.

  As described above, the two columns 94a and 94b are erected on the upper end surface of the carriage 92 (see FIG. 4). In addition, handles 100a and 100b extending along the horizontal direction are provided for each of the columns 94a and 94b. Further, reinforcing columns 102 a and 102 b that are inclined with respect to the vertical direction are bridged on the upper ends of the columns 94 a and 94 b and the carriage 92. The columns 94a and 94b are firmly supported by the reinforcing columns 102a and 102b.

  Two support plates 104a and 104b are bridged between the columns 94a and 94b. A cylinder 62 is supported on the supporting plates 104a and 104b.

  As in the first embodiment, the work holding plate 16 is connected to the tip of the displacement rod 64 constituting the cylinder 62. That is, the machine tool 90 is a cantilever type in which the workpiece holding plate 16 is supported only by the displacement rod 64, and the workpiece holding plate 16 has the displacement rod 64 moved forward (down) or moved backward (up). Following or descending or descending.

  In the work holding board 16, on the end face facing the multi-axis head 14 side, guide bushes 74a and 74b are provided diagonally, and open and close chuck claws 78a and 78b are provided. This configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and therefore detailed description thereof is omitted.

  Arm members 106a and 106b that are inclined vertically downward are provided at the upper ends of the columns 94a and 94b, respectively (see FIG. 4). The multi-axis head 14 is supported by these two arm members 106a and 106b.

  In the multi-axis head 14, guide rods 58 a and 58 b are provided at positions facing the guide bushes 74 a and 74 b on the end surface facing the work holding plate 16, and the first tool rotates under the action of the first motor 42. A second tool group 54 that rotates under the action of the group 48 and the second motor 44 is provided. This configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and therefore detailed description thereof is omitted.

  Machining for the workpiece W using the machine tool 90 according to the second embodiment is performed as follows.

  First, in accordance with the first embodiment, after the chuck claws 78a and 78b are closed and the work W is held on the work holding board 16, the first tool 42 and the second motor 44 are energized, whereby the first tool The group 48 and the second tool group 54 are rotated. Then, the cylinder 62 is energized.

  In this case, the work holding plate 16 is raised along the arrow B as the displacement rod 64 moves backward. That is, the work holding plate 16 is displaced so as to approach the multi-axis head 14. In the middle of this displacement, the tips of the guide rods 58a, 58b enter the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a, 74b, thereby preventing the workpiece holding plate 16 from being displaced in the horizontal direction.

  Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, machining, generally drilling, is performed on the workpiece W by the tool 40. In this case, a hole is formed in a part of the workpiece W corresponding to the installation location of each tool 40. As described above, since the work holding plate 16 is prevented from being displaced with respect to the multi-axis head 14, it is possible to form a hole in the original position where the hole should be formed in the work W. .

  When the processing waste generated during the drilling process falls from the workpiece W, the processing waste is collected by the collection tray 98. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the working environment from being contaminated due to scattering of processing waste.

  A hole having a predetermined depth is formed in the workpiece W by continuously moving the displacement rod 64 back to a preset position at a predetermined speed. Thereafter, when the cylinder 62 is deenergized, the displacement rod 64, and hence the work holding plate 16 and the work W are stopped, and when the first motor 42 and the second motor 44 are deenergized, the first tool group 48 is activated. Then, the rotation operation of the second tool group 54 is stopped.

  After machining (piercing) the workpiece W as described above, the cylinder 62 is re-biased to advance the displacement rod 64. Along with this, the work holding plate 16 descends and eventually displaces away from the multi-axis head 14. In the middle of this displacement, the tips of the guide rods 58a and 58b are detached from the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a and 74b.

  When the displacement rod 64 reaches the forward end, the displacement rod 64 stops, and the advancement (down) of the work holding plate 16 and the work W ends accordingly. Thereafter, the chuck claws 78a and 78b are opened to release the workpiece W, and the released workpiece W is detached from the workpiece holder 16 by an operator or robot.

  As described above, also in the second embodiment that employs the cantilever support type in which the work holding plate 16 is supported only by the displacement rod 64 of the cylinder 62 that is the displacement mechanism, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained. Also in this case, it is not necessary to provide a highly rigid machine base for displacing or supporting the work holding board 16, and the machine tool 90 can be made simple and small and light.

  Of course, since this machine tool 90 does not require much force for movement, the operator can easily move the machine tool 90 to a predetermined place. Since the wheel 96 is rotatable and can be stopped by a lock mechanism, it is easy to turn the machine tool 90 in an arbitrary direction. In addition, when moving, the operator may hold the handles 100a and 100b.

  The present invention is not particularly limited to the first and second embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

For example, in both the first and second embodiments, the multi-axis head 14 is positioned and fixed, and the work holding plate 16 is displaced. On the contrary, the work holding plate 16 is mounted on the base 12 ( Alternatively, the multi-axis head 14 may be displaced while being fixed to the carriage 92).

  Of course, in the second embodiment, support rods 70a and 70b for auxiliary support may be provided. Conversely, in the first embodiment, the support rods 70a and 70b may be omitted. In the first embodiment, the handles 100a and 100b may be provided on the base 12 or the housing 28 or the like.

  Furthermore, the displacement mechanism is not particularly limited to the cylinder 62, and a ball screw or a rack and pinion mechanism may be adopted as the displacement mechanism.

  Furthermore, the guide bushes 74 a and 74 b may be provided on the multi-axis head 14, while the guide rods 58 a and 58 b may be provided on the work holding plate 16.

  In either case, the guide rods 58a and 58b may always be engaged with the bearing holes 76 of the guide bushes 74a and 74b.

  In the second embodiment described above, a workpiece transfer mechanism such as a robot is required when placing the workpiece W on the workpiece holding board 16, but if the workpiece transfer mechanism is not required, the machine tool is further simplified. Can be planned. A machine tool having such a configuration will be described as a third embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the machine tool 210 includes a base frame 211, 211 extending horizontally so as to be placed on a foundation or a machine base, a portal frame 212 extending upward from the base frame 211, 211, and the portal mold The machining head 213 supported by the frame 212, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214 provided on the machining head 213, the workpiece receiving plate 215 moved up and down by the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214, and the workpiece receiving plate 215. And a work holding plate 216 disposed between the machining head 213 and the machining head 213 as main elements.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the processing head 213 includes a plurality (two in this example) of spindle shafts 218 and 219 extending downward. Cutting tools 221 and 222 such as drills and end mills are detachably attached to the spindle shafts 218 and 219.

  The machining head 213 incorporates a drive gear 223 and driven gears 224 and 225, and the drive gear 223 is rotated by a spindle motor 226, whereby the driven gears 224 and 225 are rotated, and the driven shafts 224 and 225 rotate the spindle shaft. 218 and 219 are rotated at high speed. Since the machining head 213 includes a plurality of spindle shafts 218 and 219 in close proximity, it is also called a gang head.

  Guide bars 227 and 227 are extended downward from the processing head 213, and the work holding plate 216 is guided by these guide bars 227 and 227 so as to be movable up and down. The work holding plate 216 is suspended by cushion units 228 and 228 extending from the lower surface of the processing head 213.

  As the cushion unit 228, a structure in which a large number of disc springs are stacked in a cylinder or a structure in which a spring and a hydraulic damper are integrated is suitable. A downward reaction force that suppresses the workpiece restraining plate 216 from rising is generated.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214 is a fluid pressure cylinder unit 230 in which the piston rod 229 extends downward along the vertical axis.

  The workpiece receiving plate 215 is fixed to the tip (lower end) of the piston rod 229 with nuts 231 and 231.

  The guide posts 232 and 232 are extended from the lower surface of the processing head 213. Guide bushes 233 and 233 are provided on the work receiving plate 215. The fluid pressure cylinder unit 230 is divided into a lower chamber 235 and an upper chamber 236 by a piston 234. The piston 234 can be raised by supplying high pressure fluid to the lower chamber 235, and the piston 234 can be lowered by supplying high pressure fluid to the upper chamber 236.

  Guide bushes 233 and 233 are fitted to the guide posts 232 and 232. The level of the workpiece receiving plate 215 is maintained by the guide posts 232 and 232 and the guide bushes 233 and 233. There is no fear of the workpiece receiving plate 215 shaking during the vertical movement. As a result, the workpiece receiving plate 215 can be smoothly moved up and down with only one piston rod 229.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the guide posts 232 and 232 may extend upward from the work receiving plate 215. Guide bushes 233 and 233 are provided on the processing head 213, and guide posts 232 and 232 are inserted through the guide bushes 233 and 233.

  That is, a guide post 232 is provided on one of the machining head 213 and the work receiving plate 215, and a guide bush 233 into which the guide post 232 is inserted is provided on the other, and the work receiving is performed while being guided by the guide post 232 and the guide bush 233. The plate 215 only needs to approach the processing head 213, and it is arbitrary whether the guide posts 232 and 232 extend upward or downward.

  Next, a workpiece transfer mechanism that plays a role of supplying a workpiece before processing to the machine tool 210 of the present invention and receiving a processed workpiece from the machine tool 210 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the work transport mechanism 240 includes a horizontal moving member 241 that horizontally traverses the lower part of the portal frame 212, an arm 242 that stands on the horizontal moving member 241 at a predetermined pitch, A support bar 243 attached to the upper part, and a first receiving pin 244 and a second receiving pin 245 which are large and small and extend upward from the support bar 243.

  In other words, the work transport mechanism 240 is a mechanism that transports the unprocessed work W1 and the processed work W2 only horizontally, and does not move up and down.

  The workpieces W1 and W2 in this embodiment are a continuously variable transmission case or a lid that closes the opening of the case, but the form, type, and use of the workpiece W1 are arbitrary.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the arm 242 is a C-type arm.

  The workpiece receiving plate 215 is provided with a through groove 247 having a T shape. The through groove 247 is a groove that relatively allows the support bar 243 and the arm 242 to pass therethrough.

  The support bar 243 and the arm 242 do not move up and down.

  When the workpiece receiving plate 215 indicated by the solid line is lowered, the through groove 247 reaches the position of the imaginary line without interfering with the support bar 243 and the arm 242. That is, the workpiece receiving plate 215 can move up and down from the position of the solid line to the position of the imaginary line.

The workpiece receiving plate 215 is provided with a first receiving surface 248, a first positioning pin 249 , a second receiving surface 251, and a second positioning pin 252.

The operation of the machine tool 210 having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

  As shown in FIG. 11A, the workpiece receiving plate 215 is held below the workpiece W1. As described in FIG. 10, since the arm 242 has a C shape so as to bypass the workpiece receiving plate 215, the arm 242 does not interfere with the workpiece receiving plate 215. It is conveyed horizontally by the mechanism 240. The workpiece W1 is stopped at a predetermined position.

As shown in FIG. 11 (b), the workpiece W 1 is scooped up by the workpiece receiving plate 215 by raising the workpiece receiving plate 215. The workpiece W1 is separated from the first receiving pin 244 and the second receiving pin 245, but is positioned in the horizontal direction by the first positioning pin 249 and the second positioning pin 252, and the first receiving surface 248 and the second receiving surface 251 are positioned. And positioning in the vertical direction. In the figure, the workpiece receiving plate 215 is in the middle of rising, and there is a gap between the workpiece W1 and the workpiece holding plate 216.

  When the workpiece receiving plate 215 is further raised, the upper surface of the workpiece W1 comes into contact with the workpiece holding plate 216 as shown in FIG. When the workpiece receiving plate 215 is further raised, the cushion units 228 and 228 are contracted, and the cushion units 228 and 228 urge the workpiece W1 toward the workpiece receiving plate 215 in accordance with the contraction amount.

  In addition, although the example of the cushion units 228 and 228 in which the workpiece holding plate 216 is suspended from the lower surface of the machining head 213 is interposed between the lower surface of the machining head 213 and the workpiece holding plate 216, the workpiece holding plate 216 is Although it slides up and down, the rising end of the work holding plate 216 is stopped by a stopper (not shown), and a cushion unit is not interposed between the lower surface of the processing head 213 and the work holding plate 216, and there are many inside the cylinder (not shown). A cushion unit (not shown) configured by laminating a plurality of disc springs or an unshown spring and a hydraulic damper is integrated on the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216 to provide a lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216 and the workpiece. You may interpose between W1. Then, when the workpiece receiving plate 215 is raised, the upper surface of the workpiece W1 comes into contact with a cushion unit (not shown) installed on the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216. When the workpiece receiving plate 215 is further raised, the cushion unit (not shown) is contracted, and the cushion unit (not shown) biases the workpiece W1 toward the workpiece receiving plate 215 in accordance with the contraction amount.

  As shown in FIG. 12B, the workpiece W1 sandwiched between the workpiece receiving plate 215 and the workpiece holding plate 216 is machined by the cutting tools 221 and 222 of the machining head 213. When the machining is completed, the workpiece receiving plate 215 is lowered in the order of FIG. 12A → FIG. 11B → FIG. 11A, and the processed workpiece W2 is transferred to the support bar 243.

  As is clear from the above description, the machining head 213 is stopped and the workpiece W1 is moved closer to the machining head 213. Since the processing head 213, which is a heavy object, is not moved, energy saving can be achieved.

  Further, a work receiving plate moving mechanism (FIG. 7, reference numeral 214) is attached to the processing head 213, and the work receiving plate 215 is brought close to the processing head 213 by this work receiving plate moving mechanism. While sandwiching the workpiece W1 between the workpiece receiving plate 215 and the workpiece holding plate 216, the workpiece W1 is moved closer to the machining head 213. That is, since the workpiece W1 is separated from the workpiece conveyance mechanism 240 and brought close to the machining head 213, the conveyance speed of the workpiece conveyance mechanism 240 can be increased without being affected by the workpiece W1.

  Next, a preferred modification will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 13, a positioning knock pin 254 (hereinafter referred to as a knock pin 254) is provided on the work receiving plate 215, a columnar member 255 is provided on the work holding plate 216, and a knock hole 256 is provided in the columnar member 255. It is done.

  In addition, a groove 257 that opens to the side is formed in the knock pin 254, and a clamp mechanism 258 is provided on the work holding plate 216 in the vicinity of the columnar member 255.

  The clamp mechanism 258 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder with a built-in cam groove 259 formed by connecting an oblique groove and an axial groove. When the hydraulic cylinder is contracted, the piston rod is rotated by the oblique groove. Next, the piston rod moves in the axial direction without rotating by the axial groove. This hydraulic cylinder is a cylinder unit that continuously performs turning and linear movement.

  First, the workpiece receiving plate 215 is raised by the piston rod 229. Then, the knock pin 254 is fitted into the knock hole 256.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the clamp mechanism 258 is activated. Then, after the clamp claw 261 turns about 90 ° as indicated by the arrow (1), the clamp claw 261 moves as indicated by the arrow (2) to attract the knock pin 254 to the columnar member 255. As a result, the work holding plate 216 is clamped to the work receiving plate 215.

  That is, the work holding plate 216 is positioned on the work receiving plate 215 by the knock pin 254 and the knock hole 256. Since the workpiece holding plate 216 is positioned on the workpiece receiving plate 215, the position of the workpiece to be clamped is accurately determined.

  In FIG. 12, a force corresponding to the cutting resistance is applied to the workpiece W1 during machining by the machining head 213. When there is no clamping mechanism, it is necessary to strongly press the workpiece W1 with the workpiece restraining plate 216, so it is necessary to strengthen the elastic members (cushion units 228 and 228) attached to the workpiece restraining plate 216.

  In this regard, with the structure shown in FIG. 14, by providing the clamp mechanisms 258 and 258, the elastic member (FIG. 6, reference numeral 228) attached to the work holding plate 216 can be weak, and the elastic member can be reduced in weight and size. I can plan.

  Note that the columnar member 255 may be provided on the workpiece receiving plate 215 and the knock pin 254 may be provided on the workpiece holding plate 216 with the top and bottom reversed.

  Further, although examples of the cushion units 228 and 228 (FIG. 12) in which the workpiece restraining plate 216 is suspended from the lower surface of the machining head 213 are interposed between the lower surface of the machining head 213 and the workpiece restraining plate 216, the workpiece restraining is shown. Although the plate 216 slides up and down, the rising end of the work holding plate 216 is stopped by a stopper (not shown) or the like, and a cushion unit is not interposed between the lower surface of the processing head 213 and the work holding plate 216, and a cylinder (not shown) A cushion unit (not shown) configured by laminating a plurality of disc springs therein or by integrating a spring (not shown) and a hydraulic damper (see FIG. 10) is a first receiver on the upper surface of the work receiving plate 215. The workpiece receiving plate 2 is installed on the member having the surface 248 and the member having the second receiving surface 251. It is interposed between the fifth top surface and the workpiece W1 may be. Then, when the workpiece receiving plate 215 is raised, the upper surface of the workpiece W1 comes into contact with the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216. Further, when the workpiece receiving plate 215 is raised, the cushion unit (not shown) is contracted, and the cushion unit (not shown) urges the workpiece W1 to the workpiece holding plate 216 in accordance with the contraction amount. A cushion unit (not shown) may be installed on the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216 and interposed between the lower surface of the workpiece holding plate 216 and the workpiece W1.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 15, two works W <b> 1 and W <b> 1 may be placed on one work receiving plate 215.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 16, the center of the piston rod 229 can be made to coincide with the total center of gravity obtained by integrating the center of gravity of the two workpieces W1 and W1 and the center of gravity of one workpiece receiving plate 215. . Since the balance is achieved, the workpiece receiving plate 215 can be raised and lowered with only one piston rod 229.

  Ideally, the center of the piston rod 229 matches the center of gravity of the piston rod 229, but the center of the piston rod 229 is allowed to be offset from the center of gravity of the piston rod 229 by the outer diameter dimension. . This is because a small imbalance is covered by the guide posts 232 and 232.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, the workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214 can be completed with one fluid pressure cylinder unit. If one fluid pressure cylinder unit is used, it is possible to reduce the equipment cost for simplifying the apparatus.

  The workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism 214 can also be configured by a plurality (a plurality) of fluid pressure cylinder units.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 17A, the workpiece receiving plate 215 may be moved up and down by two piston rods 229 and 229. In this case, a virtual central axis 263 formed by integrating a plurality of piston rods 229 and 229 into one is defined. Specifically, the midpoint of the line 262 connecting the piston rods 229 and 229 becomes the virtual central axis 263.

  The two piston rods 229 and 229 are positioned so that the virtual center axis 263 matches or substantially matches the total center of gravity. The piston rods 229 and 229 are less likely to be bent. As a result, there is no need to increase the diameter of the piston rods 229 and 229, the diameter can be reduced, and the work receiving plate moving mechanism 214 can be reduced in size and weight.

  Alternatively, the workpiece receiving plate 215 may be moved up and down by three piston rods 229, 229, and 229 as shown in FIG. In this case, the central piston rod 229 becomes the virtual central axis 263. The three piston rods 229, 229, and 229 are positioned so that the virtual center axis 263 matches or substantially matches the total center of gravity. The piston rods 229, 229, and 229 are hardly bent. As a result, there is no need to increase the diameter of the piston rods 229, 229, and 229, the diameter can be reduced, and the work receiving plate moving mechanism 214 can be reduced in size and weight.

  The clamp mechanism 258 described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14 can be simply combined with an inexpensive rotary actuator and an inexpensive cylinder, and is not limited to the structure of the embodiment.

  The present invention can be applied to a machine tool for machining a workpiece with a machining unit.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 90, 210 ... Machine tool 12 ... Base 14 ... Multi-axis head 16 ... Work holding | maintenance board 22, 30, 96 ... Wheel 26 ... Shooter 38 ... Conveyance belt 40 ... Tool 42 ... 1st motor 44 ... 2nd motor 58a 58b ... guide rod 60 ... cylinder support plate 62 ... cylinder 64 ... displacement rods 70a, 70b ... support rods 74a, 74b ... guide bush 76 ... bearing holes 78a, 78b ... chuck claw 92 ... cart 98 ... collection tray 100a , 100 b, handle 213, machining head 214, work receiving plate moving mechanism 215, work receiving plate 216, work holding plate 218, 219, spindle shaft 229, piston rod 230, fluid pressure cylinder unit 232, guide post 233, guide bush 240 ... Work transfer mechanism 247 ... Penetration Groove 254 ... Knock pin 256 ... Knock hole 258 ... Clamp mechanism 263 ... Virtual central axis W ... Work W1 ... Work W2 before working ... Work processed

Claims (14)

A machine tool for machining a workpiece with a plurality of tools provided on a multi-axis head,
The base,
A work holding plate disposed at a position facing the multi-axis head and holding a work;
A displacement mechanism for displacing the workpiece holding plate in a direction relatively away from or approaching the multi-axis head;
With
While supporting either one of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head on the base, it is a cantilever support type in which the remaining one of the work holding plate or the multi-axis head is supported by the displacement mechanism,
A machine tool comprising guide means for guiding the work holding disk or the multi-axis head when the work holding disk is displaced relative to the multi-axis head.   2. The machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary support member that supports one of the workpiece holding plate or the multi-axis head supported by the displacement mechanism, and the auxiliary support member includes the workpiece. A machine tool that moves forward or backward following a displacement of a holding plate or the multi-axis head.   3. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a wheel is provided on the base.   The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising machining waste collecting means that is disposed below the multi-axis head and collects machining waste.   5. A machine tool according to claim 4, wherein said machining waste collecting means is provided with wheels. A workpiece holding machine or a multi-axis head is supported by a base using a cantilever-type machine tool in which one of the workpiece holding board or the multi-axis head is supported by a displacement mechanism. A machining method for machining,
Holding the workpiece on the workpiece holding plate disposed at a position facing the multi-axis head;
By urging the displacement mechanism, the work holding plate is displaced so as to be relatively close to the multi-axis head, thereby causing the work held on the work holding plate to approach the multi-axis head. Process,
Processing the workpiece with a plurality of tools provided on the multi-axis head;
By urging the displacement mechanism, the workpiece holding plate is displaced so as to be relatively separated from the multi-axis head, whereby the processed workpiece held by the workpiece holding plate is moved to the multi-axis. Separating the head;
Have
A machining method using a machine tool, wherein the work holding plate or the multi-axis head is guided by a guide means when the work holding plate is displaced relative to the multi-axis head.   7. A machining method using a machine tool according to claim 6, wherein machining waste generated by machining the workpiece is collected by a machining waste collecting means. A machine tool for machining a workpiece by bringing the workpiece close to the machining head,
A workpiece receiving plate on which the workpiece is placed, a workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism that is provided on the processing head and moves the workpiece receiving plate so as to approach the processing head, and is disposed between the processing head and the workpiece receiving plate. And a work holding plate that presses the work against the work receiving plate after the work approaches the processing head to a predetermined position. A spindle shaft extends downward from the machining head,
A positioning knock pin is provided on one of the workpiece receiving plate and the workpiece holding plate, and a knock hole into which the knock pin is inserted is provided on the other.
The machine tool according to claim 8, wherein the workpiece holding plate is positioned on the workpiece receiving plate by the knock pin and the knock hole. A guide post is provided on one of the machining head and the workpiece receiving plate, and a guide bush into which the guide post is inserted is provided on the other.
The machine tool according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the workpiece receiving plate approaches the machining head while being guided by the guide post and the guide bush. The workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is composed of one fluid pressure cylinder unit,
9. The fluid pressure cylinder unit is disposed so that a piston rod of the fluid pressure cylinder unit passes through or near a total center of gravity obtained by adding a workpiece to the workpiece receiving plate. The machine tool described. The workpiece receiving plate moving mechanism is composed of a plurality of fluid pressure cylinder units,
The fluid pressure cylinder unit is arranged so that a virtual center axis formed by integrating a plurality of piston rods into one passes through or around the total center of gravity obtained by adding the workpiece to the workpiece receiving plate. The machine tool according to claim 8, wherein the machine tool is provided.   9. The machine tool according to claim 8, wherein a clamp mechanism is provided between the workpiece receiving plate and the workpiece holding plate to mechanically couple both plates when the workpiece is clamped.   Allow passage of the workpiece transfer mechanism so that the workpiece before processing can be transferred from the workpiece transfer mechanism to the workpiece receiving plate, or the processed workpiece can be transferred from the workpiece receiving plate to the workpiece transfer mechanism. The machine tool according to claim 8, wherein a through groove is provided in the workpiece receiving plate.

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