JP2016152794A - Organic farming, and solution for organic farming used for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic farming in which high-temperature damage or excessive humidification damage to field crops caused by excessive heat of hot water is avoided while a pest control effect by hot water is effectively exerted, which contributes to reduction in labor and cost of farm work, and solution for organic farming used therefor.SOLUTION: An organic farming of the present invention comprises: a farm field maintaining process in which a farm field 10 is maintained by scattering rice bran on passageways 14 around a raising region 12 of field crops in the farm field 10 and laying rice straws 16 on the rice bran; a solution creating process in which Natto bacteria, garlic, red pepper, liquors and water that has been used to wash rice are input into water to create solution for organic farming; a solution heating process in which the solution for organic farming is heated; a farm field solution spraying process in which heated solution for organic farming is sprayed on the farm field 10; and a hot water pest controlling process in which pests are controlled by spraying hot water on the farm field 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an organic farming method for growing crops in a field where soil is made by compost and using little or no chemical fertilizer and pesticide, and an organic farming solution used in the organic farming method.

  As is well known, in the cultivation of crops, for example, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used to suppress the occurrence of diseases such as thrips, scale insects, mites, aphids, powdery mildews, downy mildews and mycorrhizal diseases. May be used. However, the use of these chemical fertilizers and pesticides has concerns about adverse effects on human health and environmental pollution, and in recent years there has been an interest in organic farming methods that grow crops with little or no use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It is growing.

  As such an organic farming method, as shown in, for example, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-34706) and Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-25217), there are adverse effects on human health and the environment. There is a method of producing a pest control agent mainly composed of natural materials, which are considered to be few, and spraying it on the field.

  However, in the organic farming methods shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, in order to effectively exert the control effect on the field and thus on the crop, the method of sowing the control agent to the field depending on the variety of the crop, It was necessary to strictly manage the soil environment, temperature, humidity, wind and other environments in the field. As a result, there was a problem that the labor and cost of farm work became excessive.

  In the situation as described above, the present inventor previously obtained knowledge that pest damage is controlled by spraying hot water on the crop, and in particular, the temperature of the hot water is optimally optimized according to the variety of the crop. By setting, it succeeded in controlling a disease and insect damage effectively (refer nonpatent literature 1). According to such an organic farming method, warm water is easier to obtain than commercially available control agents, and it is not necessary to give special consideration to compatibility with agricultural products, leading to reduction in labor and costs of farm work.

  JP-A-8-34706   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-25217

  Matsuo Ikuo, “Modern Agriculture”, published by the Agricultural and Mountain Fishing Village Association, June 1, 2014, p. 168-170

  Therefore, the organic farming method with hot water control has the room for further improvement in that it does not give excessive stress to the crops due to the heat and humidity of the hot water, while ensuring the target pest control effect. It was.

  The present invention has been made in the background of the circumstances as described above, and its purpose is to avoid the high temperature or overhumidity damage of crops caused by excessive heat and humidity of hot water, By effectively exerting the control effect, an organic farming method that contributes to the reduction of labor and cost of farm work is suitably realized.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has suitably secured microorganisms useful for growing crops by spraying a special solution on a field that has undergone special maintenance. The present inventors have found that the stress of crops caused by excessive heat or humidity of hot water can be reduced and pest damage can be effectively controlled, and the present invention has been completed.

  That is, the present invention is an organic farming method for growing a crop in a field where soil has been made by compost, (a) in the field, rice bran is sown in a passage around the crop growing area, and the rice bran is placed on the rice bran. A field maintenance process for preparing the field by laying rice straw; and (b) a solution generation process for producing an organic farming solution by adding natto, garlic, chili, liquor and rice soup into water. (C) Solution heating process for heating the organic farming solution; and (d) Spraying the organic farming solution heated by the solution heating process to the field that has undergone the field maintenance process. And (e) a warm water control process for controlling disease and insect damage by spraying warm water on the field through the field solution spray process.

  According to the organic farming method of the present invention, (a) by using rice bran or rice straw in the field maintenance process, microorganisms (for example, natto, lactic acid bacteria, other good bacteria, etc.) useful for growing crops are It is possible to reliably prepare the environment to be carried by the relatively simple method.

  (B) In the solution production process, by producing an organic farming solution containing natto, garlic, chili, liquor, rice soup, useful microorganisms for crops, components that pests repel or bacteria that are harmful to crops Antibacterial components and the like that suppress the contamination are suitably secured. In addition, various liquors such as brewed liquor, distilled liquor, and mixed liquor can be used as the liquor, and it is preferable to use shochu, particularly considering cost effectiveness.

  Furthermore, this organic farming solution is heated in the (c) solution warming step, and (d) is sprayed on the field in the field solution spraying step, so that harmful bacteria on the crops attached to the field etc. are used for the organic farming method. In addition to being suppressed by the heated heat of the solution, the above-mentioned useful microorganisms, components that repel pests, or antibacterial components that suppress harmful bacteria to agricultural crops are effectively carried in the field.

  Then, (e) by spraying hot water on the field in the warm water control step, pests adhering to the field or the crop and fungi harmful to the crop are effectively controlled. In particular, (e) by spraying the heated organic farming solution as described above on the prepared field before the hot water control step, the pest and its eggs can be obtained without increasing the amount of hot water sprayed. It is expected to optimize the farming environment for crops by eliminating these and activating good bacteria. As a result, in addition to suppressing the stress caused by the heat and humidity of hot water on the crops (so-called high temperature or overhumidity damage of the crops), crop root rot caused by excessive application of hot water to the crops is prevented. Effectively prevented.

  Therefore, according to the organic farming method of the present invention, rice bran, rice straw, natto, garlic, chili, liquor, rice polishing juice, warm water, which are relatively easy for farmers to obtain, are relatively simple. Since the method effectively exerts pest control effects, an organic farming method that contributes to labor and cost reduction of farm work is suitably realized.

  Further, in the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 2, the field maintenance process, the solution generation process, the solution heating process, and the field solution spraying process are performed using the crop seedlings. The pre-growing preparatory period before planting in the growing area of the field is performed, and the warm water control step is performed through the pre-growing preparatory period to plant the seedlings of the crop in the growing area of the field to grow the agricultural crop It is also possible to employ a method that is performed during the growing season and the harvesting season in which the crops that have passed through the growing season are harvested.

  In such an organic farming method, as a result of intensive studies by the inventor, the field maintenance process, the solution generation process, the solution heating process, and the field solution spraying process are performed in the pre-growth preparatory stage, and the warm water control process is performed as the farm cultivation process. It was found that the optimal treatment can be applied according to the cultivation of the crops by performing it during the season and harvesting season. Therefore, according to such an organic farming method, the effect of controlling diseases and insects can be exhibited more advantageously, and the labor and cost of farming can be further reduced.

  Further, in the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 3, the growing state of the crop is judged, and if the growing of the crop is in a smooth state, only the passage of the farm While spraying warm water, if the growth of the crop is not expected, the determination spray to spray the warm water directly to the growing area of the crop in the field or to the crop and spray to the passage of the field It is also possible to employ a method including a process.

  In such organic farming methods, if the cultivation of crops is in good condition, it is predicted that the occurrence of pests and diseases will be suppressed without excessively applying hot water to the crops. It is avoided more advantageously. In particular, pests such as thrips have the habit of being on the surface of the willow, and by spraying warm water on the path of the field, the pests can be more effectively controlled.

  Note that, in the organic farming method of the present invention, the criteria for determining whether or not the growth state of the crop is favorable is not particularly limited, for example, depending on the experience value of the farm worker, the growth state of the crop May be directly visually determined, or a sample of a crop may be submitted to an agricultural research institution or the like, and the growing state of the crop may be determined based on the test result of pest damage.

  Moreover, in the organic farming method of the present invention, as described in, for example, claim 4, the determination spraying step includes the growing season in which the seedling of the crop is planted in the growing area of the field and the crop is grown. It is also possible to adopt the method to be performed.

  In such organic farming methods, by performing the judgment spraying process in the growing season when the growing state of the crop can be judged, it is possible to more advantageously avoid the high temperature or overhumidity damage of the crop or to more effectively eliminate the pests. be able to.

  Moreover, in the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 5, it is also possible to employ a method including a leaf surface solution spraying step of spraying the organic farming solution onto the leaf surface of the crop. is there.

  Such organic farming is an effective measure especially when pest eggs, larvae, and adults are attached to the leaves of crops. This is more advantageous. In addition, when the leaves of the crop are young or are naturally heat-sensitive, it is preferable to spray a normal temperature organic farming solution on the leaf surface, thereby increasing the temperature of the crop. Over-humidity is avoided more effectively.

  Moreover, in the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 6, it is also possible to adopt a method in which the leaf surface solution spraying step is performed in the harvesting season in which the crop is harvested.

  In such an organic farming method, the pest solution spraying process is performed during the harvesting period when the leaves of the crops are sufficiently grown, so that it is possible to effectively eliminate pests that are generally liable to get on large leaves.

  In the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 7, the dilution of the natto, the garlic, the chili, the liquor, and the rice polishing juice in the organic farming solution with respect to the water It is also possible to employ a method in which the rate is 500 to 2000 times.

  In such an organic farming method, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it has been found that the effect of controlling pests and insects can be exhibited more advantageously by setting the dilution rate of the solution for organic farming as described.

  Moreover, in the organic farming method of this invention, when spraying the said warm water to the said channel | path of the said field, for example as described in Claim 8, while setting the temperature of this warm water to 70-95 degreeC, When spraying directly on the growing area of the crop in the field or on the crop, it is also possible to adopt a method in which the temperature of the hot water is 40 to 65 ° C.

  In such an organic farming method, the pests on the surface of the passage in the field can be effectively removed at a high temperature of 70 to 95 ° C., while the temperature of 40 to 65 ° C. is kept low compared to the temperature of hot water sprayed in the passage. By spraying warm water on the crops or their growing areas, it is possible to effectively control pests and diseases while suppressing high temperature or excessive humidity damage of the crops.

  Moreover, in the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 9, a method of heating the organic farming solution to 80 to 90 ° C. in the solution warming step may be adopted. Is possible.

  Further, in the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 10, when a vinyl house is provided in the field and cucumber is grown as the crop in the vinyl house, When the weather is sunny and the temperature in the greenhouse is 27 ° C. or higher, the amount of sprayed water on the field is 0.5 to 1.5 tons / counter, while the weather is sunny and the inside of the greenhouse is When the temperature is less than 27 ° C., it is also possible to adopt a method in which the time for spraying the warm water is set in the morning, and the spray rate of the warm water to the field is 1 ton / counter or less.

  In such organic farming methods, as a result of intensive studies by the inventor, particularly when growing cucumbers in a vinyl house, by setting the spraying amount and spraying time of hot water as indicated, the pest control effect Has been found to be more advantageous.

  That is, in order to increase the effect of controlling pests and insects, it is sufficient to increase the amount of hot water sprayed, but if it is increased excessively, cucumber overhumidity damage (so-called downy mildew etc.) becomes a problem. On the other hand, if the amount of hot water sprayed is extremely reduced because of fear of overhumidity, the intended control effect may not be obtained.

  Therefore, according to the organic farming method of the present invention described in claim 10, when the weather is fine and the temperature in the vinyl house is 27 ° C. or higher, the temperature has sufficiently reached the temperature required for cucumber growth, For example, it is possible to ventilate the house by opening the window or door of the vinyl house, which makes it possible to easily adjust the humidity in the house, and excessively increase the humidity in the vinyl house by spraying hot water. Therefore, by setting the spraying amount of hot water to 0.5 to 1.5 tons / counter, it is possible to prevent excessive humor in cucumber while securing the spraying amount necessary for the target control effect. Avoided.

  Further, according to the organic farming method of the present invention described in claim 10, when the weather is fine and the temperature in the vinyl house is less than 27 ° C., in order to avoid the temperature decrease in the house from the viewpoint of protecting the environment for cucumber cultivation Ventilation inside the house is difficult, and the outside air temperature is relatively low, so if hot water is sprayed inside the vinyl house, condensation tends to occur, creating the cause of downy mildew. Therefore, it is necessary for the target control effect by spraying warm water only in the morning when the humidity is relatively small compared to the afternoon, and setting the spray amount of warm water to 1 ton / counter or less. The cucumber over-humidity trouble is suitably avoided while ensuring the amount of application.

  Incidentally, the organic farming method of the present invention according to claim 10 generally requires that the humidity is low or the weather is adjustable when the humidity can be adjusted by ventilation or the like, so that the humidity is generally high or the temperature is high. If it is too low or the weather is cloudy, rainy, snowy, etc., the organic farming method is not applicable. The organic farming method according to claim 10 was found to be effective when growing the cucumber at the current stage of the patent application as a result of intensive studies by the present inventor, and therefore limited the crop to cucumber. Therefore, if a crop that is effective for the organic farming method according to claim 10 is newly discovered in the future, it should be interpreted that the crop is also included in the scope of the present invention. . Further, when growing crops other than cucumbers, it is not limited to weather conditions at this stage.

  In the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 11, when a vinyl house is provided in the field, the warm water is sprayed on the inner wall of the vinyl house in the warm water control step. It is also possible to adopt a method.

  In such organic farming methods, pests that may adhere to the inner wall of the vinyl house and eventually spread to the passages and crops in the field are controlled by spraying with hot water. Is further improved.

  In addition, in the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 12, in the solution generation step, in addition to or instead of the rice soup, at least one of phytoncide and vinegar is used. It is also possible to employ a method for producing the organic farming solution by introducing it into water.

  In such an organic farming method, as a result of further studies on the pest control effect by the present inventors, in addition to the rice soup in the organic farming solution according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or Instead, it has been found that the control effect can be further improved by producing an organic farming solution by introducing at least one of phytoncide and vinegar into water.

  Specifically, phytoncide has an antibacterial action (inhibition and inactivation of harmful bacteria) and a pest repellent action. Vinegar (also referred to as vinegar in JAS) contains various organic acids such as citric acid and pyruvic acid including acetic acid with excellent antibacterial ability. Energize the surface to make the crops strong against pests. Therefore, when the organic farming solution contains at least one of phytoncide and vinegar, a further excellent control effect is expected.

  As is well known, phytoncide is mainly composed of hydrocarbons such as terpenes contained in plants, and stems (including trunks), branches, leaves, roots, bark, fruits or resins in plants. It is an essential oil obtained by refining etc. by distillation, pressing, solvent extraction and the like. Examples of plants that can obtain such phytoncides include scented cypress, cypress, cedar, camphor, metasequoia, horseskin tree, shikimi, samurai katsura, salmon, tea, ginger, moon peach, persimmon, mugwort, garlic, leek, marigold, peppermint In addition to the above, known plants capable of extracting phytoncides are employed. In the present invention, the plant according to claim 13 is preferably used as a plant for obtaining phytoncide.

  That is, in the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 13, the plant from which the phytoncide is obtained includes moon peach, tea, persimmon, persimmon leaf, cinnamon root and mugwort leaf. It is also possible to adopt a method that is at least one of them.

  In such organic farming methods, farmers are compared by adopting at least one of moon peach, tea, persimmon fruit, persimmon leaf, cinnamon root and mugwort leaf as a plant for obtaining phytoncide. In addition to being easily available, an excellent control effect is expected. Moon peach contains ginsenols and diterpenoids, tea and persimmon fruits contain tannins and saponins, persimmon leaves contain hinokitiol, cinnamon roots contain tannins, mugwort leaves contain tannins and flavonoids, This is because the component has an antibacterial action.

In the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 14, a vinyl house is provided in the field, and after the warm water control step is completed in the vinyl house, the saturation in the vinyl house is completed. It is also possible to adopt a method in which the difference is ³ to 6 g / m ³ .

In such an organic farming method, generally 3-6 g / s, which is optimal for growing a crop, is a saturation (a growing environment index of a crop indicating how much water vapor is allowed to enter in air of a certain temperature and humidity). by the m ^3, the high temperature of crops, are avoided excessive moisture disorders, contributes to improve the quality of crops to be harvested. In other words, if the saturation exceeds 6 g / m ³ , the crop feels the danger of water deficiency and closes the pores to stop transpiration, while if the saturation is less than 3 g / m ³ , the pores of the crop open. However, the difference in the water vapor pressure between the surrounding environment of the crop and the crop becomes small, and transpiration cannot be achieved. As a result, the respiration and photosynthesis necessary for the growth of the crop are not sufficiently achieved.

Therefore, in the present invention, the saturation is set to ³ to 6 g / m ³ after the warm water control step is completed in consideration of the increase in temperature and humidity in the vinyl house due to the hot water control step. Specifically, for example, in the case VPD prior to spray hot water is close to 3 g / m ^3, as unexpected fall below 3 g / m ³ after completion of the hot water control step, while ventilating the house, the hot water temperature Ya If the amount of spraying is less than usual, or if the satiety before spraying warm water is already below ³ g / m ³ , the house is ventilated and the warm water spray is refrained. On the other hand, if the saturation before spraying warm water exceeds 6 g / m ³ , set the temperature and spray volume of warm water to normal or higher while suppressing ventilation in the house as necessary. (In other words, the hot water control process replaces the humidifier.)

Therefore, according to the organic farming method of the present invention, the effect of controlling disease and insect damage by spraying warm water and the improvement of the quality of crops based on the setting of ³ to 6 g / m ³ are achieved at a high level.

  In the organic farming method of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 15, in the pre-growth preparation period, the seedling box is formed by applying warm water to a seedling box for germinating and growing the seedling of the crop. A seedling box disinfection process for disinfecting the seedlings, and soil on the bottom of the seedling box that has undergone the seedling box disinfection process to create floor soil, spray hot water on the floor soil, and then seed seeds of the crops on the floor soil It is also possible to adopt a method comprising a sowing step for sowing and covering soil, and a germination and growing step for storing the seedling box that has undergone the sowing step for a certain period of time and germinating and growing the seedling of the crop in the seedling box It is.

  That is, in the conventional organic farming method, a chemical such as an agrochemical is used when disinfecting the seedling box, and there are cases where adverse health effects such as easy peeling of the hands of farmers are problematic. Therefore, in the organic farming method of the present invention, warm water is used to disinfect the seedling box, thereby protecting the health of farmers and reducing the preparation effort and cost as compared with the case of using chemicals. In addition, by spraying warm water on the floor soil in the sowing process, the disinfection effect of the seed pod and floor soil can be obtained based on the thermal action of the warm water, and the germination promotion of the seed bud in the germination growing process after the sowing process is also achieved. Be expected.

  Moreover, in the organic farming method of the present invention, as described in, for example, claim 16, as the warm water generating means used in the seedling box disinfection step and the sowing step, the warm water control step is performed with respect to the field. It is also possible to employ a method using hot water spraying means for spraying hot water.

  In such organic farming methods, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of farming work because the hot water spraying means used in the hot water control process is used without preparing a separate means for generating hot water necessary for the seedling box disinfection process and the sowing process. In addition, an excellent pest control effect can be obtained.

  Moreover, in this invention, it is the solution for organic farming used for the organic farming method as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 16, Comprising: The said Bacillus natto, the said garlic, the chili, the liquor, and the rice polishing It is produced by putting juice into the water.

  According to the organic farming solution of the present invention, rice bran, rice straw, natto, garlic, chili, liquor, rice soup, and water, which are relatively easily available to farmers, A solution containing useful microorganisms, components that repel pests, or antibacterial components that suppress harmful bacteria to agricultural crops is generated. Therefore, by using such a solution for organic farming as a solution to be sprayed on an organic farming crop or the like, it is possible to obtain an excellent pest control effect while reducing labor and cost of farm work.

  Furthermore, in the organic farming solution of the present invention, as described in, for example, claim 18, a dilution ratio of the natto bacteria, the garlic, the chili and the liquor, and the rice polishing juice to the water is 500 to It is also possible to adopt what is 2000 times.

  In such an organic farming solution, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it has been found that by setting the dilution rate of the organic farming solution as described, the pest control effect can be exhibited more advantageously. .

  Furthermore, in the organic farming solution of the present invention, for example, as described in claim 19, at least one of phytoncide and vinegar is added to the water in addition to or in place of the rice soup. It is also possible to adopt what is generated by doing so.

  In such an organic farming solution, as a result of further investigation by the present inventor on the pest control effect, in addition to or in place of the rice soup in the organic farming solution according to claim 17 or 18, It was found that the control effect could be further improved by adding at least one of phytoncide and vinegar to water to produce an organic farming solution.

  In the organic farming solution of the present invention, as described in, for example, claim 20, the plant containing the phytoncide is moon peach, tea, persimmon fruit, persimmon leaf, cinnamon root and mugwort. It is also possible to adopt one that is at least one of the leaves.

  In such organic farming solutions, agricultural workers are employed by adopting at least one of moon peach, tea, persimmon fruit, persimmon leaf, cinnamon root and mugwort leaf as the plant from which phytoncide is obtained. In addition to being relatively easily available, an excellent control effect is expected.

  The top view which shows the farm field which performs the organic farming as one Embodiment of this invention.   II-II sectional drawing of FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows the mode in the middle of laying rice straw in the field shown in FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows the mode before diluting the solution for organic farming used for Example 1 of the organic farming of this invention to water.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that the solution for organic farming methods shown in FIG. 4 is heated and disperse | distributed to a farm field.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows the mode of the filamentous fungus which generate | occur | produced in the shoulder after spraying the solution for organic agriculture shown in FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that warm water is sprayed on the ridge of the field which planted the cucumber in Example 1. FIG.   FIG. 3 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a state in which warm water is sprayed between the ridges of a field in Example 1.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that warm water is sprayed on the outer periphery of the vinyl house in the field in Example 1. FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that sprayed warm water on the bark of the weed in Example 1, and died the barbarian while exterminating the pest which existed in the barb.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that warm water was sprayed on the leaf surface of the cucumber in Example 1. FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that warm water was sprayed on the inner wall of a vinyl house in Example 1. FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that warm water is sprayed on the leaf surface of a mango in Example 2 of the organic farming method of this invention.   It is the drawing substitute photograph which expands and shows the mango leaf back in Example 2, Comprising: (a) shows the comparative example which has not sprinkled warm water on the leaf back, (b) The implementation which sprinkled warm water on the leaf back An example is shown.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that warm water is sprayed on gold citrus in Example 3 of the organic farming method of this invention.   In Drawing 3, it is a drawing substitute photograph which expands and shows the trunk of a kumquat tree, (a) shows the comparative example which has not sprinkled warm water on kumquat, (b) The example which sprinkled warm water on kumquat Indicates.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that the seed varieties of a paddy rice are selected by seawater in Example 6 of the organic farming method of this invention.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that seed | species soup is disinfected in warm water in Example 6. FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that a seed pod is dried before sowing to the floor soil of a seedling box in Example 6. FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows the mode of the sowing apparatus which seeds seed pods on the floor soil of a seedling box in Example 6.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that warm water is sprayed on the floor soil of a nursery box using a warm water spraying apparatus in Example 6. FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows the mode of the seedling box after sowing in Example 6. FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that the seed bud germinated in Example 6. FIG.   The drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that the part which germinated in Example 6 was expanded.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  1 and 2 show a field 10 to which an organic farming method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. A vinyl house is provided in the farm field 10 (see FIG. 12), and a plurality of ridges 12 are provided as crop growing areas by making soil by compost inside the vinyl house. Further, a space 14 between the ridges 12 and 12 is configured as a passage of the farm field 10.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 3, each rice bran 14 is sown with rice bran and further laid rice straw 16 on the rice bran. Thereby, the field maintenance process in the organic farming method of this embodiment is performed.

  Hereinafter, some examples of the present invention will be described using the field 10 that has been subjected to such field maintenance.

  First, in the pre-growth preparation period before planting cucumber seedlings as cultivated crops on the straw 12 in the field 10, shochu as natto, garlic, chili, liquor as shown in FIG. 4 and rice polishing soup are not shown. The solution was poured into water stored in a predetermined tank to produce an organic farming solution (solution production step). Well water or river water was used as the water.

  In particular, natto, garlic, chili, shochu, and rice mash in organic farming solutions were diluted 500-2000 times with respect to water.

  Although not clearly shown in the drawings, the above-mentioned organic farming solution is heated to about 85 ° C. using a hot water control machine equipped with a kerosene boiler (solution heating step). Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the heated organic farming solution was sprayed on the ridges 12 and the intercostal spaces 14 of the field 10.

  On the next day when such an organic farming solution was sprayed on the field 10, generation of filamentous fungi useful for cucumber growth was observed on the shoulders of the inclined portions at both ends of the basket 12 (see FIG. 6).

  Next, a cucumber seedling is planted in the cocoon 12 to grow the cucumber. In the cucumber growing season, as shown in FIG. 7, hot water was sprayed on the straw 12 and cucumber once a month (a warm water control step). At this time, the temperature of the hot water sprayed on the straw 12 or the cucumber was 40 to 65 ° C. Moreover, in the above-mentioned hot water control step, when the weather is sunny and the temperature in the vinyl house is 27 ° C. or higher, the amount of sprayed water on the farm field is 0.5 to 1.5 tons / counter, while the weather is clear. When the temperature in the vinyl house was less than 27 ° C., the time zone for spraying warm water was set in the morning, and the spray rate for warm water in the field was 1 ton / counter or less. When the weather was cloudy or rainy, warm water control was not performed.

  In this breeding period, the farmer visually judged the cucumber breeding state. In particular, in this example, the occurrence of ticks was confirmed in the field 10 or a part of the cucumber (the material used since last season is suspected to be a source of ticks), so hot water is sprayed on the straw 12 and the cucumber. In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, hot water was sprayed in the furrows 14 (determination spraying step). At this time, the temperature of the hot water sprayed in the furrow 14 was 70 to 95 ° C.

  Moreover, in the present Example, as shown in FIG. 9, warm water was sprayed also on the outer periphery of the vinyl house in the agricultural field 10. By spraying warm water in this way, it was observed that in the bark of the weeds that could become a warm bed of pests, the bark was killed while exterminating the pests there (see FIG. 10).

  Even after the cucumber growing period, the warm water control process was performed about once a month as in the growing period.

  In particular, in the harvesting period of this example, as shown in FIG. 11, a room temperature organic farming solution was sprayed on the cucumber leaf surface once every five days (foliar solution spraying step).

  In this example, hot water was sprayed on the inner wall of the vinyl house as shown in FIG. 12 during the cucumber growing period and harvesting period. As a result, it was confirmed that dust mites in the house were suitably removed.

  In the organic farming method of the present example, the occurrence of thrips (Srips) bothered in the past was almost eliminated, the occurrence of downy mildew and other diseases was suppressed, and healthy cucumbers could be harvested. Therefore, according to the organic farming method of the present invention, an organic farming method that contributes to labor reduction and cost reduction of farm work is suitably realized.

  In order to confirm the warm water control effect in the organic farming method of the present invention, a state in which warm water of about 60 ° C. is sprayed on the leaf surface of mango as a crop is shown in FIG.

  In such an organic farming method of this example, it was recognized that the control of thrips was effectively realized as compared with the comparative example in which warm water was not sprayed on the mango leaf surface of FIG. 14 (b)). Therefore, according to the organic farming method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an excellent pest control effect.

  In order to confirm the hot water control effect in the organic farming method of the present invention, a state in which hot water of about 58 ° C. is sprayed on gold citrus as a crop is shown in FIG.

  In such an organic farming method of this example, compared to the comparative example in which warm water is not sprayed on the gold citrus in FIG. It was recognized (refer FIG.16 (b)). Kumquat trees that did not carry out the organic farming method continued to be unable to be harvested due to the occurrence of about 10 soot diseases every year, but kumquat trees that carried out the organic farming method harvested kumquat in almost all trees. It has improved by the time I can. In addition, scale insects (rotifers), which are generally considered difficult to control, could be easily controlled. Therefore, according to the organic farming method of the present invention, an excellent control effect of pest damage is exhibited.

In the organic farming method of the present invention, after completing the hot water control step in the vinyl house as in the above example, the saturation in the house was made ³ to 6 g / m ³ according to Table 1 below. In Table 1, the area in the optimum saturation (3-6 g / m ³ ) of the crop is shown in dark gray, and the area in the vicinity of the optimum saturation that needs attention for adjustment of the saturation is shown in light gray Show.

Specifically, when the hot water control process is performed, considering the increase in temperature and humidity in the vinyl house due to the hot water, the saturation in the house becomes ³ to 6 g / m ³ after the hot water control process is completed. Thus, the heat of hot water, the amount of spraying, and the ventilation rate of the vinyl house were adjusted. More specifically, for example, when the temperature before spraying hot water is 20 ° C., according to Table 1, the optimum relative humidity is 70 to 80%, so the relative humidity before spraying warm water is less than 70%. In some cases, hot water is sprayed while adjusting the heat of hot water, the amount of spray, and the ventilation rate of the vinyl house so that the relative humidity becomes 70 to 80% after spraying. If the relative humidity has already exceeded 80% before spraying hot water, spraying hot water is stopped.

Therefore, in the organic farming method of this embodiment, the desired control effect is obtained by spraying warm water, and the high temperature and excess of crops are determined based on setting the saturation to ³ to 6 g / m ³ after spraying warm water. Further suppression effect of moisture damage, and further quality improvement of crops can be achieved.

  In the solution generation process when carrying out the organic farming method as in the above example, in this example, in the present example, shochu lees containing natto bacteria, chili, moon peach, garlic, tea, strawberry fruit, vinegar, shochu as alcoholic beverages The bamboo leaf, cinnamon root and mugwort leaf were poured into water stored in a predetermined tank (not shown) to produce an organic farming solution.

  In addition, each material of natto bacteria, chili pepper, moon peach, garlic, tea, strawberry fruit, vinegar, shochu containing shochu as liquor, bamboo leaf, cinnamon root and mugwort leaf Distillation, pressing or solvent extraction was performed, and the resulting extract was extracted and put into water. Moreover, each above-mentioned material was diluted 500 to 2000 times with respect to water.

  In the organic farming method of the present embodiment using the organic farming solution as described above, the antibacterial effect is exhibited by the vinegar in the solution, and in addition, moon peach, garlic, tea, persimmon fruit, persimmon leaf, cinnamon The phytoncide contained in the roots and mugwort leaves exhibits antibacterial action and pest repellent action. For this reason, the effect of controlling pests can be further improved.

  First, in the pre-growth preparatory period before planting rice seedlings as crops in a paddy field as a field, as shown in FIG. 17, the specific gravity of these seed pods is immersed in seawater as shown in FIG. Select seawater to select good seeds based on the difference. Thereby, in addition to previously removing paddy rice that is unlikely to grow due to individual differences, it is possible to remove germs of seed pods and absorb minerals by seawater.

  Next, the soy seeds that have been selected for seawater are placed in a bath containing hot water as shown in FIG. 18, and hot water disinfection is performed by immersion in hot water at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes. Thereby, suppression of the stupid seedling pathogen etc. which are the pathogenic bacteria of a paddy rice is aimed at.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 19, the seed culm after the hot water disinfection is spread on a floor surface of a predetermined facility such as a vinyl house and dried.

  In addition, before putting the floor soil in the nursery box and using it, using a hot water control machine (see FIG. 21) equipped with a kerosene boiler as a hot water spraying means used in the hot water control process of the above example, Over the seedling box, disinfect the seedling box with warm water (nursing box disinfection process).

  Furthermore, the seedling box that has undergone the seedling box disinfection process is set in an automatic sowing apparatus as shown in FIG. This automatic seeding device is a publicly known seedling box that is placed on a conveyor line such as a belt conveyor or a roller conveyor and automatically moved while floor soil is laid on the bottom surface of the seedling box and seeded on the floor soil and then covered. It is possible to adopt a structure. In particular, in the present embodiment, the above-described hot water control machine is installed between the position where the seedling box is laid with the floor soil and the position where the seedling is sown on the seedling box conveyance line of the automatic seeding device ( (See FIG. 21).

  Then, the seedling box is placed on the conveyance line of the automatic seeding device and automatically moved to lay floor soil on the bottom surface of the seedling box. Further, the nursery box is automatically moved, and as shown in FIG. 21, hot water is sprayed on the floor soil using a hot water control machine. Furthermore, the seedling box is automatically moved so that the above-mentioned dried seed pods are sown on the floor soil, and then the soil is spread on the seed pods to cover the soil (seeding process). Thereby, the thermal action of warm water is exerted on the seed buds buried in the floor soil of the seedling box.

  A plurality of seedling boxes that have undergone the sowing process as described above are placed on the floor of a predetermined facility such as a vinyl house as shown in FIG. Then, water is poured into the soil of the seedling box every predetermined period, and the seedling box is stored for a certain period, so that the seed buds are germinated and seedlings are grown as shown in FIGS. ). The period from seeding to germination usually takes about 8-10 days, but in this example it was about 6-7 days.

  The seedlings in such a seedling box are planted and grown in a paddy field as a farm field. And like the said Example, the warm water control process which sprinkles warm water to a paddy rice is performed as needed in the growing season and the harvesting season of a paddy rice. In this hot water control process, the hot water control machine installed by the above-mentioned automatic seeding apparatus is used.

  Therefore, in the organic farming method of the present embodiment, warm water is used for disinfection of the seedling box, thereby protecting the health of the farmer and reducing the labor and cost of preparation compared to the case of using the medicine. In addition, by spraying warm water on the floor soil in the sowing process, the disinfection effect of the seed pod and floor soil can be obtained based on the thermal action of the warm water, and the germination promotion of the seed bud in the germination growing process after the sowing process is also achieved. Be expected.

  As mentioned above, although one embodiment or an example of the present invention has been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment or the example, and a person skilled in the art unless the embodiment departs from the gist of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in a mode in which various changes, corrections, improvements, and the like are added based on the knowledge.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Agricultural field, 12 ... Rice bran (Agricultural crop growth area), 14 ... Intercostal space (field passage), 16 ... Rice straw

Claims (20)

An organic farming method for growing crops in a field where soil was made by compost,
A field maintenance process for preparing the rice field by spreading rice bran in a passage around the crop growing area in the field and laying rice straw on the rice bran;
A solution generation process for producing an organic farming solution by adding natto, garlic, chili, liquor and rice soup into water;
A solution heating step for heating the organic farming solution;
A field solution spraying step of spraying the organic farming solution heated by the solution heating step on the field that has undergone the field maintenance step;
A hot water control step for controlling disease and insect damage by spraying hot water on the field through the field solution spraying step;
Organic farming, characterized by comprising   The field maintenance step, the solution generation step, the solution heating step, and the field solution spraying step are performed in a pre-growth preparation period before planting the seedling of the crop in the growing area of the field, and the warm water control Claims are made during a growing period in which the seedlings of the crop are planted in the growing area of the field through the pre-growing preparatory period and the crop is grown, and in a harvesting period in which the crop is harvested after the growing period. Item 10. The organic farming method according to Item 1.   If the growing state of the crop is judged, and if the growing of the crop is smooth, the hot water is sprayed only on the passage of the field, while if the growing of the crop is not expected, The organic farming method according to claim 1, further comprising a determination spraying step of spraying directly on the growing area of the crop in the field or on the crop and spraying on the passage of the field.   The organic farming method of Claim 3 which performs the said determination dispersion | spreading process in the said growing season which plants the said seedling of the said crop in the said growth area | region of the said field, and grows this crop.   The organic farming method as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 provided with the leaf surface solution spraying process which sprays the said solution for organic farming on the leaf surface of the said crop.   The organic farming method according to claim 5, wherein the foliar solution spraying step is performed in the harvesting period in which the crop is harvested.   The dilution ratio with respect to the said water of the said Bacillus natto, the said garlic, the chili, the liquor, and the rice polishing juice in the organic farming solution is 500 to 2000 times. Organic farming.   When spraying the warm water to the passage of the field, the temperature of the warm water is set to 70 to 95 ° C., while spraying the warm water directly to the growing area of the crop or the crop in the field, The organic farming method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the temperature of the hot water is 40 to 65 ° C.   The organic farming method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a temperature for heating the organic farming solution in the solution warming step is set to 70 to 95 ° C.   In the case where a vinyl house is provided in the field and cucumbers are cultivated as the crop in the vinyl house, when the weather is sunny and the temperature in the vinyl house is 27 ° C. or higher in the hot water control step, the hot water While the spraying amount for the field is 0.5 to 1.5 tons / counter, when the weather is fine and the temperature in the vinyl house is less than 27 ° C., the time zone for spraying the warm water is in the morning, and The organic farming method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a spraying amount of the hot water to the field is 1 ton / counter or less.   The organic farming method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, when a vinyl house is provided in the field, the warm water is sprayed on an inner wall of the vinyl house in the warm water control step.   In the said solution production | generation process, in addition to or instead of the said rice soup, at least one of phytoncide and vinegar is thrown into the said water, and the said solution for organic farming is produced | generated. The organic farming method according to one item.   The organic farming method according to claim 12, wherein the plant from which the phytoncide is obtained is at least one of moon peach, tea, persimmon fruit, persimmon leaf, cinnamon root and mugwort leaf. A vinyl house is provided in the field, and after completing the warm water control process in the vinyl house, the saturation in the vinyl house is set to ³ to 6 g / m ^3. The organic farming method described. In the pre-training preparation period,
A seedling box disinfection step of disinfecting the seedling box by applying warm water to a seedling box for germination and growth of the seedling of the crop;
A seeding process in which soil is spread on the bottom surface of the seedling box that has undergone the seedling box disinfection process to make floor soil, and after spraying warm water on the floor soil, seeding of the crop seeds on the floor soil and covering the soil,
The seedling box that has undergone the sowing step is stored for a certain period, and the seedling of the crop is germinated and grown in the seedling box,
The organic farming method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising:   The organic farming method according to claim 15, wherein as the hot water generating means used in the seedling box disinfection step and the sowing step, hot water spraying means for spraying the hot water on the field in the hot water control step is used. An organic farming solution used in the organic farming method according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
An organic farming solution produced by introducing the natto bacteria, the garlic, the chili, the liquor and the rice soup into the water.   The organic farming solution according to claim 17, wherein a dilution ratio of the natto bacteria, the garlic, the chili and the alcoholic beverages, and the rice polishing juice to the water is 500 to 2000 times.   19. The organic farming solution according to claim 17 or 18, which is produced by adding at least one of phytoncide and vinegar to the water in addition to or instead of the rice soup.   The organic farming solution according to claim 19, wherein the plant containing the phytoncide is at least one of moon peach, tea, persimmon fruit, persimmon leaf, cinnamon root and mugwort leaf.