JP2016064174A - 光伝送素子を用いた標的細胞の光刺激のための方法、システムおよび装置 - Google Patents
光伝送素子を用いた標的細胞の光刺激のための方法、システムおよび装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016064174A JP2016064174A JP2015245092A JP2015245092A JP2016064174A JP 2016064174 A JP2016064174 A JP 2016064174A JP 2015245092 A JP2015245092 A JP 2015245092A JP 2015245092 A JP2015245092 A JP 2015245092A JP 2016064174 A JP2016064174 A JP 2016064174A
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Abstract
【解決手段】生体内での標的細胞の光刺激を行う装置の一つでは、埋設型装置によって標的細胞を刺激する。当該装置は、電力から光を発生させる光源を備える。光伝送素子は、光源202からの光208を実質的に透過する材料で構成される。上記光伝送素子は、基端部に上記光源を実質的に収容している。上記伝送素子は、上記光源からの光を末端部に伝達する。この伝送素子の形状や大きさにより、患者体内への同素子の埋設が容易になる。固定部が上記光伝送素子に物理的に接続されており、確実に上記装置を患者に固定する。放熱部は、上記近接した光伝送素子および光源からの熱を除去し、その除去熱を上記固定部から放散する。
【選択図】図2
Description
本願は、米国特許法119条(e)項に基づき、2008年6月17日に提出された米国特許仮出願番号第61/132,162号(この開示内容は、参照により本明細書中に完全に取り込まれる。)の利益を主張するものである。
本願はさらに、2006年7月24日に提出された「Light−Activated Cation Channel and Uses Thereof」と題する米国特許出願番号第11/459,636号の一部継続出願である2007年1月9日提出の米国特許出願番号第11/651,422号(STFD.150PA)、および2005年7月22日提出の米国特許仮出願番号第60/701,799号に関連する。これらの開示内容の各々は、その全体が本明細書中に参照により組み込まれる。
本発明は一般に、標的細胞刺激のためのシステムおよび方法に関し、より詳細には、光伝送素子を用いて標的細胞を刺激するための光学利用に関する。
数多くの有益な効果を生み出すために、身体の種々な細胞への刺激が利用されてきた。刺激法の一つに、体外で発生させた信号を電極を用いて細胞内に伝達する方法がある。電極による脳刺激法の一つの問題として、特定の心的過程に関与するニューロンが分散しているという特性がある。逆に、脳の特定領域の或る細胞群だけが、特定の役割を果たしつつ活性化されるような状態で、異なる種類のニューロンが互いに隣接して存在している。言い換えれば、異種の神経索が狭い空間領域中を平行移動しているだけではなく、細胞体そのものが、混ざり合った、散在して埋め込まれた配置で存在し得る。このような分散化した処理様式のために、中枢神経系(CNS)内部の規範的秩序を理解するため最大限努力しても報われないように見受けられ、神経調節は難しい治療試みとなっている。電極の場合、電極で刺激されるニューロンの基本的生理機能について比較的無差別であるため、脳のこのような構造により問題が生じてくる。その代わり、電極の極がニューロンと物理的に近くなるため、どのニューロンが刺激されるのかについては唯一の最大決定要因となる場合が多い。したがって、一般的には、電極を用いてただ1種類のニューロンだけに刺激を完全に限定することは実行可能ではない。
(A1)生体内で光を伝達するための光伝達装置であって、
電力から光を発生させる光源と、
前記光源からの前記光に対し実質的に透明であり、基端部に前記光源を実質的に収容し、かつ前記光源からの前記光を末端部に伝送する細長形状の材料から構成される光伝送素子と、
患者に取り付けるために、前記光伝送素子に物理的に接続された固定部と、
前記光源付近からの熱を除去するための熱伝導路を有する放熱部と、
を含む光伝達装置。
(A2)前記光伝送素子がルーメンであり、前記材料がガラスおよびプラスチックのいずれかである、(A1)に記載の装置。
(A3)前記ルーメンが、前記ルーメンを構成する材料と実質的に同じ屈折率を有する物質を含む、(A1)に記載の装置。
(A4)前記光伝送素子が、前記光の伝送方向に対して剛性である、(A1)に記載の装置。
(A5)前記光伝送素子が、前記伝送方向への光の進行を容易にする第2の物質からなる外層を含む、(A4)に記載の装置。
(A6)前記光伝送素子付近の温度を感知するための温度センサーと、
感知した温度に反応して前記光源の作動を制御する制御回路と、
をさらに含む(A1)に記載の装置。
(A7)前記光伝送素子が、前記基端部から前記末端部まで伸びる長軸に沿って光を誘導するよう構成され、且つ
前記光伝送素子が、前記長軸に対して0以外の角度で前記伝達素子からの光を誘導するように構成および配置されている、(A1)に記載の装置。
(A8)前記固定部が、埋設中に、前記長軸を中心にして前記光伝送素子を回転運動させ、且つ埋設後には前記回転運動を妨げるように構成および配置されている、(A1)に記載の装置。
(A9)前記光伝送素子を構成する材料が、反射性物質でコーティングされたガラスである、(A1)に記載の装置。
(A10)電源を備えた埋設型信号源と、
前記光源を作動させる電気信号を発生させる制御回路と、
前記光源に前記電気信号を伝達する伝導体と、
をさらに含む、(A1)に記載の装置。
(A11)前記埋設型信号源が、脳内に埋設された前記光伝送素子に接続して、胸腔内に設置するように設計されている(A10)に記載の装置。
(A12)生体内で標的細胞を刺激する方法であって、
1個以上の生体内標的細胞における光活性化イオンチャネルを遺伝子操作すること、
装置を外科的に埋設することであって、前記装置は、電力から光を発生させる光源と、前記光源からの前記光を実質的に透過し、前記光源を基端部に実質的に収容し、かつ前記光源からの前記光を末端部に伝達する細長形状の材料で構成される光伝送素子と、患者に取り付けるために、前記光伝送素子に物理的に接続された固定部と、前記光源付近からの熱を除去する熱伝導路を有する放熱部と、を備える装置であり、
前記光源を作動させて前記標的細胞を刺激すること、
を含む方法。
(A13)前記遺伝子操作工程が、1個以上の生体内標的細胞において、ChR2およびNpHRの少なくとも一方の変異体である光活性化イオンチャネルを発現させることをさらに含む(A12)に記載の方法。
(A14)前記埋設工程が、
長軸を中心に前記光伝送素子を回転させること、
前記光源を作動させて前記1個以上の標的細胞を活性化すること、
刺激結果に応じて回転位置の有効性を評価すること、および
前記評価に応じて前記光伝送素子の回転位置を固定すること、
をさらに含む、(A12)に記載の方法。
(A15)温度センサーに反応して、前記光源の動作を停止する工程をさらに含む、(A12)に記載の方法。
(A16)前記埋設工程が、前記光伝送素子の定位的挿入法によって達成される、(A12)に記載の方法。
(A17)前記1個以上の生体内標的細胞がニューロンである、(A12)に記載の方法
(B1)患者の脳または身体の表面下領域へ光を伝達するための埋設型光伝達装置であって、
電力から光を発生させる光源と、
前記光源からの前記光に対し透明であり、基端部に前記光源を収容し、かつ前記光源からの前記光を末端部に伝送する細長形状の材料から構成される埋設型光伝送素子と、
前記光伝送素子に物理的に接続され、前記光伝送素子を患者の頭蓋骨に取り付けるように構成される固定部と、
前記光源付近からの熱を除去するための熱伝導路を有する放熱部と、
を含み、
前記光伝送素子が、前記基端部から前記末端部まで伸びる長軸に沿って光を誘導するよう構成され、且つ
前記光伝送素子が、前記長軸を中心に回転して長軸に沿った光刺激の位置を変化させるように適合された、光伝達装置。
(B2)前記光伝送素子がルーメンであり、前記材料がガラスおよびプラスチックのいずれかである、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B3)前記ルーメンが、前記ルーメンを構成する材料と同じ屈折率を有するルーメン充填物質を含む、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B4)前記光伝送素子が、前記光の伝送方向に対して剛性である、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B5)前記光伝送素子が、前記伝送方向への光の進行を容易にする第2の物質からなる外層を含む、(B4)に記載の装置。
(B6)前記光伝送素子付近の温度を感知するための温度センサーと、
感知した温度に反応して前記光源の作動を制御する制御回路と、
をさらに含む、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B7)前記固定部が、埋設中に、前記長軸を中心にして前記光伝送素子を回転運動させ、且つ埋設後には前記回転運動を妨げるように構成および配置されている、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B8)前記光伝送素子を構成する材料が、反射性物質でコーティングされたガラスである、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B9)電源を備えた埋設型信号源と、
前記光源を作動させる電気信号を発生させる制御回路と、
前記光源に前記電気信号を伝達する伝導体と、
をさらに含む、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B10)前記埋設型信号源が、脳内に埋設された前記光伝送素子に接続して、胸腔内に設置するように設計されている、(B9)に記載の装置。
(B11)光源が発光ダイオードである、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B12)光源が埋設可能である、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B13)放熱部が熱を空気中へ放散する、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B14)放熱部が除去熱を固定部から放散する、(B1)に記載の装置。
(B15)前記光伝送素子が、前記光伝送素子の反射の臨界角を増加させるクラッド層として体内構成要素を用いることによって光源からの光の全内部反射を提供するように構成されている、(B1)に記載の装置。
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AU2009260029A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
JP6335867B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
US20110172653A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
EP2303406A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
WO2009155371A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
JP2011525130A (ja) | 2011-09-15 |
CA2728238C (en) | 2019-03-12 |
AU2016204027A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
US20130289676A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
CA2728238A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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