JP2016060673A - Processing method of fly ash - Google Patents

Processing method of fly ash Download PDF

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JP2016060673A
JP2016060673A JP2014190749A JP2014190749A JP2016060673A JP 2016060673 A JP2016060673 A JP 2016060673A JP 2014190749 A JP2014190749 A JP 2014190749A JP 2014190749 A JP2014190749 A JP 2014190749A JP 2016060673 A JP2016060673 A JP 2016060673A
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隆政 伊藤
Takamasa Ito
隆政 伊藤
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily increase fly ash which is usable as a cement raw material.SOLUTION: There is provided a processing method of fly ash for utilizing fly ash discharged from a coal combustion apparatus 1 as a cement raw material, in which fly ash is classified by a classifier 4 into solid particles A having content of silicon dioxide equal to content of silicon dioxide that raw coal has, and vaporization/re-coagulation particles B which contain a vaporization/re-coagulation component having content higher than a vaporization component that raw coal has and has a smaller diameter than the solid particles A, and by removing a part of the vaporization/re-coagulation particles B, content of silicon dioxide in control particles which consist of the other vaporization/re-coagulation particles B and the solid particles A is held at set content.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、フライアッシュの処理方法に関し、特に石炭燃焼装置からのフライアッシュの処理方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for treating fly ash, and more particularly to a method for treating fly ash from a coal combustion apparatus.

微粉炭ボイラ等の石炭燃焼装置からは排ガスと共に大量のフライアッシュが排出される。このフライアッシュは排ガスから分離され、分離したフライアッシュはセメント原料として利用することが行われている。このように、フライアッシュをセメント原料として利用することは、資源の有効活用を図るうえで好ましい。   A large amount of fly ash is discharged together with exhaust gas from a coal combustion apparatus such as a pulverized coal boiler. The fly ash is separated from exhaust gas, and the separated fly ash is used as a raw material for cement. Thus, it is preferable to use fly ash as a raw material for cement in order to effectively use resources.

しかし、石炭燃焼装置から排出されるフライアッシュは、全てがセメント原料として利用できるわけではなく、フライアッシュに含まれる二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率が重量ベースで４５％以上でなければならないと規定されている。 However, not all fly ash discharged from coal combustion equipment can be used as cement raw material, and the content of silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] contained in fly ash must be 45% or more on a weight basis. It is prescribed.

従って、フライアッシュに含まれる二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率が重量ベースで４５％以下の場合には、セメント原料として利用することはできないため、埋立て処分することになるが、フライアッシュは強いアルカリ性を示すために成分調整を行った後に埋立て処分する必要があり、処分するのにも手数と費用が掛かるという問題がある。 Therefore, when the content of silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] contained in fly ash is 45% or less on a weight basis, it cannot be used as a cement raw material, so it will be disposed of in landfill. In order to show strong alkalinity, it is necessary to dispose of the landfill after adjusting the components, and there is a problem that it takes time and money to dispose.

石炭灰（フライアッシュ）を起源とする材料を多量に含有したフライアッシュコンクリートがある（特許文献１）。   There is fly ash concrete containing a large amount of materials originating from coal ash (fly ash) (Patent Document 1).

特開平１０−０５９７５９号公報JP-A-10-059759

特許文献１にはフライアッシュコンクリートが記載されているが、セメント原料として利用可能なフライアッシュをどのように調整し、それによってセメント原料に対するフライアッシュの利用可能性を高めることについては全く記載されていない。   Patent Document 1 describes fly ash concrete, but it completely describes how to adjust fly ash that can be used as a cement raw material, thereby increasing the availability of fly ash to cement raw material. Absent.

本発明は上述の実情に鑑みてなしたもので、セメント原料に利用可能なフライアッシュを簡単に増加できるようにしたフライアッシュの処理方法を提供することを目的とする。   This invention is made | formed in view of the above-mentioned situation, and it aims at providing the processing method of the fly ash which enabled it to increase easily the fly ash which can be utilized for a cement raw material.

本発明は、石炭燃焼装置から排出されるフライアッシュをセメント原料に利用するためのフライアッシュの処理方法であって、
前記フライアッシュを分級装置により、原炭が持つ二酸化ケイ素の含有率と同等の二酸化ケイ素の含有率を有する固体粒子と、原炭が持つ蒸発成分よりも高い含有率の蒸発・再凝集成分を含有し前記固体粒子よりも小径の蒸発・再凝集粒子とに分級し、
前記蒸発・再凝集粒子の一部を除去することで、他の蒸発・再凝集粒子と前記固体粒子からなる調整粒子の二酸化ケイ素の含有率を設定含有率に保持した
ことを特徴とするフライアッシュの処理方法、に係るものである。 The present invention is a fly ash treatment method for using fly ash discharged from a coal combustion device as a cement raw material,
The fly ash classifier contains solid particles with a silicon dioxide content equal to the silicon dioxide content of the raw coal, and evaporation / reaggregation components with a higher content than the evaporation component of the raw coal. And classifying into evaporated and re-agglomerated particles smaller in diameter than the solid particles,
Fly ash characterized in that a part of the evaporated / re-agglomerated particles is removed to maintain the content of silicon dioxide in the adjustment particles composed of the other evaporated / re-agglomerated particles and the solid particles at a set content rate. This processing method relates to the above.

上記フライアッシュの処理方法において、前記二酸化ケイ素の設定含有率は４５重量％以上になるように調整する。   In the fly ash treatment method, the set content of silicon dioxide is adjusted to 45% by weight or more.

又、上記フライアッシュの処理方法において、前記分級装置には、低圧分級装置を用いることができる。   In the fly ash treatment method, a low-pressure classifier can be used as the classifier.

又、上記フライアッシュの処理方法において、前記分級装置には、複数段のサイクロンを備えたサイクロン分級装置を用いることができる。   In the fly ash treatment method, a cyclone classifier having a plurality of cyclones can be used as the classifier.

上記した本発明のフライアッシュの処理方法によれば、フライアッシュの成分を調整してセメント原料に利用可能なフライアッシュを簡単に増加できるという優れた効果を奏し得る。   According to the above-described fly ash treatment method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an excellent effect that the fly ash usable for the cement raw material can be easily increased by adjusting the components of the fly ash.

本発明に係るフライアッシュの処理方法の一実施例を示すフローシートである。It is a flow sheet which shows one Example of the processing method of the fly ash which concerns on this invention. （ａ）は分級装置の一例である低圧分級装置の構成を示す説明図、（ｂ）は分級装置の他の例であるサイクロン分級装置の構成を示す説明図である。(A) is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the low voltage | pressure classification apparatus which is an example of a classification apparatus, (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the cyclone classification apparatus which is another example of a classification apparatus. 図２（ａ）の低圧分級装置で分離したフライアッシュの主な成分と重量％との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the main component of the fly ash isolate | separated with the low pressure classifier of Fig.2 (a), and weight%. 図２の分級装置で分級した蒸発・再凝集粒子の一部を除去した場合におけるフライアッシュの主な成分の重量％が変化した状態を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the state from which the weight% of the main component of the fly ash changed when a part of evaporation and re-aggregation particle classified by the classification apparatus of FIG. 2 was removed.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図示例と共に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明に係るフライアッシュの処理方法の一実施例を示すフローシートである。図１に示すように、微粉炭ボイラ１ａからなる石炭燃焼装置１の排ガス２は、節炭器３により冷却された後、分級装置４に導かれてフライアッシュを除去する。続いて、排ガス２は脱硝装置５に導かれて脱硝され、更に電気集塵機６により微粉７を除去されることにより、清浄なガスとして排気される。前記微粉炭ボイラ１ａの底部からは、クリンカアッシュ８が取り出される。   FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing an embodiment of a method for treating fly ash according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, after the exhaust gas 2 of the coal combustion apparatus 1 which consists of a pulverized coal boiler 1a is cooled by the economizer 3, it is guide | induced to the classifier 4 and removes fly ash. Subsequently, the exhaust gas 2 is guided to the denitration device 5 to be denitrated, and further, the fine powder 7 is removed by the electric dust collector 6 to be exhausted as a clean gas. Clinker ash 8 is taken out from the bottom of the pulverized coal boiler 1a.

前記分級装置４においては、前記排ガス２に含まれるフライアッシュを、例えば図１及び図３も参照して示すように、原炭が持つ二酸化ケイ素の含有率と同等の二酸化ケイ素の含有率を有する粒子径が８μｍよりも大径の固体粒子Ａと、原炭が持つ蒸発成分よりも高い含有率の蒸発・再凝集成分を含有し前記固体粒子Ａよりも小径(８μｍ以下)の蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂとに分級するようにしている。   In the classifier 4, the fly ash contained in the exhaust gas 2 has a silicon dioxide content that is equivalent to the silicon dioxide content of the raw coal, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 for example. Evaporation / reagglomeration of solid particles A having a particle size larger than 8 μm and evaporation / reagglomeration component having a higher content than the evaporation component of raw coal and smaller diameter (less than 8 μm) than the solid particles A The particle B is classified.

図２（ａ）は前記分級装置４の一例を示したもので、低圧分級装置９（LPI:Low Pressure Impactor）の場合を示している。低圧分級装置９は、吸引口１０からフライアッシュを含む排ガス２を吸引するようになっており、吸引されたフライアッシュは、コロナチャージャ１１で荷電された後、ノズル１２を通って複数段のインパクタ１３ａ、１３ｂ、１３ｃに順次導入される。フライアッシュは各インパクタ１３ａ、１３ｂ、１３ｃのステージ１４に衝突して捕集されるようになっている。１５は吸引装置である。   FIG. 2 (a) shows an example of the classifier 4 and shows a case of a low pressure classifier 9 (LPI: Low Pressure Impactor). The low-pressure classifier 9 sucks the exhaust gas 2 including fly ash from the suction port 10, and the sucked fly ash is charged by the corona charger 11, and then passes through the nozzle 12 and has a plurality of stages of impactors. It is introduced sequentially into 13a, 13b and 13c. Fly ash collides with the stage 14 of each impactor 13a, 13b, 13c, and is collected. Reference numeral 15 denotes a suction device.

前記インパクタ１３ａ、１３ｂ、１３ｃに排ガス２を導入するノズル１２の口径は、前段側が大きく、後段側に向かって小さくなり、後段になるほど排ガス２の流速が高められるようになっている。これにより、前段ではフライアッシュの大きい粒子が分離され、後段ではフライアッシュの小さい粒子が分離されるようになっている。   The diameter of the nozzle 12 for introducing the exhaust gas 2 into the impactors 13a, 13b, and 13c is larger on the front stage side and smaller toward the rear stage side, and the flow rate of the exhaust gas 2 is increased as the rear stage is reached. Thereby, particles with large fly ash are separated in the former stage, and particles with small fly ash are separated in the latter stage.

図２（ｂ）は前記分級装置４の他の例を示したもので、サイクロン分級装置１８の場合を示している。このサイクロン分級装置１８は、第１のサイクロン１６と、該第１のサイクロン１６よりも小径を有して第１のサイクロン１６の後段に配置される第２のサイクロン１７を有しており、第２のサイクロン１７では、第１のサイクロン１６よりも排ガスを高速で回転させて小径の粒子を分離できるようになっている。   FIG. 2B shows another example of the classifying device 4 and shows the case of the cyclone classifying device 18. The cyclone classifier 18 includes a first cyclone 16 and a second cyclone 17 having a smaller diameter than the first cyclone 16 and disposed at the subsequent stage of the first cyclone 16. In the second cyclone 17, the exhaust gas is rotated at a higher speed than the first cyclone 16 so that the small-diameter particles can be separated.

従って、図２（ｂ）に示すサイクロン分級装置１８においても、排ガス２に含まれるフライアッシュを、原炭が持つ二酸化ケイ素の含有率と同等の二酸化ケイ素の含有率を有する粒子径が８μｍよりも大径の固体粒子Ａと、原炭が持つ蒸発成分よりも高い含有率の蒸発・再凝集成分を含有し前記固体粒子Ａよりも小径(８μｍ以下)の蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂとに分離することができる。   Therefore, also in the cyclone classifier 18 shown in FIG. 2 (b), the fly ash contained in the exhaust gas 2 has a particle diameter of 8 μm or more with a silicon dioxide content equal to the silicon dioxide content of the raw coal. Separated into large-sized solid particles A and evaporated / re-agglomerated particles B containing a higher content of evaporating / re-aggregating components than the evaporating component of the raw coal and smaller in diameter (8 μm or less) than the solid particles A be able to.

図３は、図２（ａ）に示した低圧分級装置９を用いて第１段のインパクタ１３ａと、第２段のインパクタ１３ｂと、第３段のインパクタ１３ｃの各ステージ１４によって分離されたフライアッシュの主な成分と重量％の関係を示している。図３に示すように、第１段のインパクタ１３ａでは８μｍよりも大径の粒子が分離され、第２段のインパクタ１３ｂでは２〜８μｍの粒子が分離され、第３段のインパクタ１３ｃでは２μｍよりも小径の粒子が分離された。   FIG. 3 shows a fly separated by each stage 14 of the first stage impactor 13a, the second stage impactor 13b, and the third stage impactor 13c using the low pressure classifier 9 shown in FIG. It shows the relationship between the main components of ash and weight percent. As shown in FIG. 3, particles having a diameter larger than 8 μm are separated in the first stage impactor 13a, particles of 2 to 8 μm are separated in the second stage impactor 13b, and particles in the third stage impactor 13c are separated from 2 μm. Even small particles were separated.

ここで、第１段のインパクタ１３ａで分離された８μｍよりも大径の粒子には、原炭が持つ二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率である４２重量％と同等の含有率である４０重量％の二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]を含有する固体粒子Ａであることが判明した。一方、第２段のインパクタ１３ｂで分離された２〜８μｍの粒子、及び、第３段のインパクタ１３ｃで分離された２μｍよりも小径の粒子には、原炭が持つ酸化カルシウム[CaO]等の蒸発成分よりも高い含有率の蒸発・再凝集成分を持つ蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂであることが判明した。 Here, the particles having a diameter larger than 8 μm separated by the first-stage impactor 13a have a content of 40% which is equivalent to 42% by weight which is the content of silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] of the raw coal. % Solid silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ]. On the other hand, particles of 2 to 8 μm separated by the second-stage impactor 13b and particles smaller than 2 μm separated by the third-stage impactor 13c include calcium oxide [CaO] or the like of the raw coal. It was found that the evaporated / re-agglomerated particles B have a higher content of evaporation / re-aggregation component than the evaporation component.

微粉炭ボイラ１ａから排出されるフライアッシュをセメント原料に利用するためには、二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率が重量ベースで45％以上を保持していなければならないが、石炭の産地等によっては、フライアッシュに含まれる二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率は４５重量％以下のものが多く存在している。即ち、図３に示される原炭の二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率は約４２重量％であり、セメント原料に利用できる４５重量％以上を満たしていないことが分かる。 In order to use fly ash discharged from the pulverized coal boiler 1a as a cement raw material, the content of silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] must be 45% or more on a weight basis. In many cases, the content of silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] contained in fly ash is 45% by weight or less. That is, it can be seen that the content of silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] in the raw coal shown in FIG. 3 is about 42% by weight and does not satisfy 45% by weight or more that can be used as a cement raw material.

ここで、本発明では、分級装置４で分級されたフライアッシュの全体量に対して、例えば１０％、或いは、２０％の除去量になるように、前記蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂの一部を除去することを行った。このように蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂの一部を除去した場合における残りの蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂと固体粒子Ａからなるフライアッシュの成分の重量％の変化を図４に示した。   Here, in the present invention, a part of the evaporated / re-aggregated particles B is added so that the removal amount is, for example, 10% or 20% with respect to the total amount of fly ash classified by the classification device 4. To be removed. FIG. 4 shows the change in weight% of the components of the fly ash composed of the remaining evaporated / re-agglomerated particles B and solid particles A when a part of the evaporated / re-agglomerated particles B is removed.

図３に示したように、除去する粒子径が８μｍ以下の蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂは、二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率が原炭よりも低いため、この蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂの一部を除去すると、図４に示すように、必然的に残留する他の蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂと前記固体粒子Ａからなる調整粒子の二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率は増加することになる。 As shown in FIG. 3, the evaporated / re-agglomerated particles B having a particle diameter of 8 μm or less to be removed have a lower content of silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] than the raw coal. As shown in FIG. 4, the content of silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] in the adjustment particles composed of the remaining evaporated / re-aggregated particles B and the solid particles A increases as shown in FIG. .

従って、前記蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂを除去する量を調節することで、図４に示すように、回収したフライアッシュの二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率がセメント原料として利用可能な設定含有率Ｋである４５重量％以上を満たすように調整することができる。 Therefore, by adjusting the removal amount of the evaporated / re-agglomerated particles B, as shown in FIG. 4, the content rate of the collected fly ash silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] can be used as a cement raw material. It can adjust so that 45 weight% or more which is K may be satisfy | filled.

本発明者の試験によれば、図３に示すフライアッシュの場合には、図４に示すように、分級装置４によって回収されるフライアッシュの全体量から１０％程度の蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂを除去することで、セメント原料として十分利用可能であることが判明した。   According to the test by the present inventor, in the case of the fly ash shown in FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. 4, about 10% of evaporated / re-aggregated particles B from the total amount of fly ash recovered by the classifier 4 It has been found that by removing, it can be used sufficiently as a cement raw material.

従って、本発明によれば、回収されるフライアッシュから所定量の蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂを除去することにより、従来、セメント原料に利用できなかったような二酸化ケイ素[SiO2]の含有率が低いフライアッシュにおいても、セメント原料に有効に利用できるようになる。 Therefore, according to the present invention, by removing a predetermined amount of evaporated / re-agglomerated particles B from the recovered fly ash, the content of silicon dioxide [SiO 2 ] that could not be conventionally used as a cement raw material is reduced. Even low fly ash can be effectively used as a cement raw material.

前記したように、蒸発・再凝集粒子Ｂを除去する量を調節することにより、回収されるフライアッシュの二酸化ケイ素の含有率が４５重量％以上の設定含有率Ｋに保持されるように容易に調整することができる。   As described above, by adjusting the removal amount of the evaporated / re-aggregated particles B, it is easy to maintain the silicon dioxide content of the recovered fly ash at a set content K of 45% by weight or more. Can be adjusted.

前記分級装置４に用いられる低圧分級装置９によれば、精度の高い分級が可能になる。   According to the low-pressure classifier 9 used in the classifier 4, it is possible to classify with high accuracy.

前記分級装置４に用いられるサイクロン分級装置１８によれば、簡略な構成によって大量の排ガスからフライアッシュを分離することができる。   According to the cyclone classifier 18 used in the classifier 4, fly ash can be separated from a large amount of exhaust gas with a simple configuration.

尚、本発明のフライアッシュの処理方法は、上述の実施例にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。   Note that the fly ash treatment method of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is needless to say that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

１ 石炭燃焼装置
４ 分級装置
９ 低圧分級装置
１６ サイクロン
１７ サイクロン
１８ サイクロン分級装置
Ａ 固体粒子
Ｂ 蒸発・再凝集粒子 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Coal combustion apparatus 4 Classification apparatus 9 Low pressure classification apparatus 16 Cyclone 17 Cyclone 18 Cyclone classification apparatus A Solid particle B Evaporation / re-aggregation particle

Claims (4)

石炭燃焼装置から排出されるフライアッシュをセメント原料に利用するためのフライアッシュの処理方法であって、
前記フライアッシュを分級装置により、原炭が持つ二酸化ケイ素の含有率と同等の二酸化ケイ素の含有率を有する固体粒子と、原炭が持つ蒸発成分よりも高い含有率の蒸発・再凝集成分を含有し前記固体粒子よりも小径の蒸発・再凝集粒子とに分級し、
前記蒸発・再凝集粒子の一部を除去することで、他の蒸発・再凝集粒子と前記固体粒子からなる調整粒子の二酸化ケイ素の含有率を設定含有率に保持した
ことを特徴とするフライアッシュの処理方法。 A fly ash treatment method for using fly ash discharged from a coal combustion device as a cement raw material,
The fly ash classifier contains solid particles with a silicon dioxide content equal to the silicon dioxide content of the raw coal, and evaporation / reaggregation components with a higher content than the evaporation component of the raw coal. And classifying into evaporated and re-agglomerated particles smaller in diameter than the solid particles,
Fly ash characterized in that a part of the evaporated / re-agglomerated particles is removed to maintain the content of silicon dioxide in the adjustment particles composed of the other evaporated / re-agglomerated particles and the solid particles at a set content rate. Processing method. 前記二酸化ケイ素の設定含有率は、４５重量％以上になるように調整することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のフライアッシュの処理方法。   2. The fly ash treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the set content of silicon dioxide is adjusted to 45% by weight or more. 前記分級装置には、低圧分級装置を用いたことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のフライアッシュの処理方法。   The fly ash treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a low-pressure classifier is used as the classifier. 前記分級装置には、複数段のサイクロンを備えたサイクロン分級装置を用いたことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のフライアッシュの処理方法。   3. The fly ash treatment method according to claim 1, wherein a cyclone classifier having a plurality of cyclones is used as the classifier.
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