JP2016032448A - Feeds for farmed fishes and culture method of farmed fishes - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide feeds for farmed fishes which can add the aroma of citrus to the fish meat of farmed fishes.SOLUTION: The feeds for farmed fishes according to the embodiment of the invention is obtained by adding peel oil, which is collected from citrus peel by milling process and is rough-purified without distilling. The culture method for farmed fishes according to the embodiment of the invention comprises feeding a given amount of the peel oil to the farmed fishes as the feeds for farmed fishes added with peel oil collected from citrus peel by milling process and rough-purified without distilling.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a feed for cultured fish and a method for culturing cultured fish.

  Conventionally, cultured fish such as yellowtail and red sea bream have been actively cultivated, and various types of feed for cultured fish have been provided. In recent years, various feeds have been developed in order to improve the quality of cultured fish and promote the growth of cultured fish. For example, feed for cultured fish mixed with plant-derived components is provided.

  For example, the following Patent Document 1 discloses a tuna feed mixed with a plum seasoning liquid, the following Patent Document 2 discloses a cultured fish feed containing desalted and concentrated plum vinegar, and the following Patent Document 3 discloses A feed for seafood containing rosehips is disclosed.

JP 2010-246417 A JP 2008-206501 A JP 2008-173044 A

  As described above, various feeds for improving the quality of cultured fish have been conventionally provided, but no feed for adding a citrus scent to the cultured fish is provided.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a subject, and it aims at providing the feed for cultured fish which can scent citrus to the fish meat of cultured fish.

  The feed for cultured fish according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is characterized in that percutaneous oil extracted from citrus peel by a pressing method and roughly purified without distillation is added.

  In addition, the cultured fish culture method according to the present invention is a culture fish feed that is collected from citrus peel by the compression method and added with crude oil that has been roughly purified without distillation, and at least 7 days or more immediately before landing the cultured fish It is characterized by comprising a skin oil feeding step for dividing and giving a predetermined amount.

  According to the feed for cultured fish which concerns on this invention, the citrus peel oil component can be transferred to the fish meat of cultured fish, and the cultured fish which has a citrus fragrance can be provided.

  Moreover, according to the cultivation method of the cultured fish which concerns on this invention, the citrus peel oil component can be efficiently transferred to the fish meat of cultured fish, and the cultured fish which has a citrus fragrance can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the transition of the average fish weight in each test section of the breeding test 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of analyzing the content of the peel oil component in each test section of the breeding test 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing test results of breeding test 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing test results of breeding test 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the total amount of Iyo citrus peel oil given to cultured fish in each breeding test according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In this embodiment, Iyokan is used as a citrus fruit, and Iyokan peel oil (crude refined essential oil), which is collected from the skin of Iyokan and is roughly refined without heating and distillation, is a feed for cultured fish of yellowtail and red sea bream ( The case of adding to a moist pellet will be described as an example.

  In this way, mixing Iyo citrus peel oil collected from the skin of Iyokan into the feed for cultured fish reduces the fishy odor of the cultured fish, and the scent component of Iyokan migrates to the fish meat of the cultured fish. Can provide cultured fish with the scent of Iyokan.

  Table 1 shows the composition of the feed for cultured fish according to the present embodiment (Example 1). Example 1 has a mass ratio of 40% by mass of mixed feed (powder), 48% by mass of raw fish (maji), 4% by mass of shrimp, 6% by mass of feed oil (fish oil), and 0.2% of Iyo citrus peel oil. It is a moist pellet produced by mixing 1.8% by mass of mass% and distilled water.

  Here, the Iyo citrus peel oil according to the present embodiment attaches a water spray device to the inline juicer, and takes out the oil-containing mud liquid consisting of the remaining peel and the remaining liquid obtained by squeezing the Iyo citrus juice through a centrifuge. (Crude purification).

  As described above, the Iyo citrus peel oil according to the present embodiment is not distilled (heated) during the purification, so that the specific components of the essential oil contained in the Iyokan peel are not lost and are left as they are. . Citrus peel oil contains D-limonene as the main component and contains a small amount of other components such as terpinene (α-terpinene, β-terpinene, γ-terpinene, etc.). The scent of make up.

  Therefore, if a specific essential oil component is lost due to heating, the scent of the extracted essential oil may be different from the scent of the original citrus, but it is centrifuged without distillation as in this embodiment. By extracting Iyo citrus peel oil by rough purification such as Iyo citrus peel oil, the scent of Iyokan can be obtained.

  In Comparative Example 1, instead of the Iyo citrus peel oil of Example 1, the remaining peel after squeezing Iyo citrus juice is pulverized and mixed as it is. Comparative Example 1 is a mass ratio of 40% by mass of mixed feed (powder), 40% by mass of raw fish (maji), 4% by mass of shrimp, 6% by mass of feed oil, and 10% by mass of ground skin. It is the produced | generated moist pellet.

  That is, Comparative Example 1 includes Iyo citrus peel oil, but differs from Example 1 in that Iyo citrus peel oil is pulverized together with the peel and mixed with feed. The ground skin of Comparative Example 1 contains about 2.5% Iyo citrus peel oil in a mass ratio, and the feed of Comparative Example 1 has a 0.25 mass that is slightly higher than the 0.2 mass% of Example 1. About 1% Iyo citrus peel oil is included.

  Comparative Example 2 is a conventional general aquaculture fish feed, which is 40% by mass of mixed feed (powder), 50% by mass of raw fish (maji), 4% by mass of shrimp, and 6% of feed oil. It is a moisture pellet produced by mixing mass%.

  Then, the result of the breeding test 1 cultured using the cultured fish feed of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In this breeding test 1, the 2 year old fish of the yellowtail whose fish weight at the time of landing is about 5 kg is divided into 3 test sections of 10 fish, and in each test section, the culture of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is carried out. Fish feed was fed 40 times per kg (total 40 kg) over 8 weeks.

  FIG. 1 shows the transition of the average fish weight in each test section of the breeding test 1, and shows the average fish weight at the start of feeding and after feeding for 8 weeks. Fig. 2 shows components of Iyo citrus peel oil (D-limonene, γ-terpinene) in the muscles of cultured fish (yellowtail) sampled in each test area after feeding for 2 weeks in breeding test 1 (10 times of feeding, total 10 kg) ) Content (HS-GC-MS: headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry).

  As shown in FIG. 1, before the start of breeding test 1, the average fish weight was about 4.1 kg in all test plots, whereas after 8 weeks, Example 1 and Comparative Example In 2, the average fish weight is about 4.5 to 4.6 kg, while the cultured fish is growing steadily. In Comparative Example 1, the average fish weight is about 4.3 kg, which is compared with other test areas. Growth has slowed significantly.

  The reason why the weight gain rate decreases in the test section of Comparative Example 1 is that, in Comparative Example 1, since the fruit skin after squeezing the fruit juice is included by pulverization, it is relatively occupied by the mass of the fruit skin. This is due to the fact that the mass of mixed feed and fish (Maji) has decreased, the peel contains a lot of dietary fiber, and the intake of cultured fish that have eaten the peel has decreased compared to other test plots. It is done.

  Therefore, from the results shown in FIG. 1, when Iyo citrus peel oil is mixed with the cultured fish feed, it is roughly refined as shown in Example 1 rather than adding the crushed Iyo citrus peel as it is. It can be seen that the addition of is preferable in terms of the growth of cultured fish. The selling price of aquaculture fish is basically proportional to the fish body weight at the time of landing. Therefore, as in Comparative Example 1, if the fish body weight increases little even if feed is given over 8 weeks, it is a cost disadvantage for the farmer. Is big.

  Further, from the results shown in FIG. 2, as shown in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, by giving the yellowtail a feed for cultured fish mixed with Iyo citrus peel oil, D-limonene, γ- Terpinene is included. That is, the main component of the scent of Iyokan is transferred to the fish meat of the yellowtail, and the scent of Iyokan comes from the fish of the yellowtail.

  Further, as described above, the feed of Comparative Example 1 contains about 0.25% by mass of Iyo citrus peel oil, and the content of Iyo citrus peel oil is slightly higher than that of the feed of Example 1. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, Example 1 has more Iyo citrus peel oil component contained in the muscle of yellowtail. That is, it is more efficient to transfer the Iyo citrus peel oil component to the cultured fish when the crudely refined Iyo citrus peel oil is added to the feed rather than mixing the crushed peel directly into the feed as in this embodiment. Can do.

  It should be noted that the use of roughly refined Iyo citrus peel oil as in the present embodiment has the advantage that it can be stored for a long period of time compared to the case of the peel, can be used throughout the year, and the storage space can be reduced. Moreover, if it is pericarp oil, there exists an advantage that it can be mixed not only with a moist pellet but with a dry pellet.

  As described above, when the cultured fish feed according to Example 1 is used, the weight of the cultured fish is increased in the same manner as general feed (Comparative Example 2) without slowing the growth of the cultured fish. The scent component can be efficiently transferred, and the fish odor can be reduced to provide a yellowtail having a faint scent of Iyokan. That is, high quality yellowtail can be provided without reducing the landing height.

  Next, Examples 2 to 7 of the feed for cultured fish according to the present embodiment will be described. Table 2 shows the composition of the feed for cultured fish of Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Example 3. Here, Examples 2 to 4 are feeds for yellowtail, and Examples 5 to 7 are feeds for red sea bream.

  Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Example 3 contain 50% by mass of mixed feed, 40% by mass of fish (maji), and 2% by mass of a multivitamin preparation in terms of mass ratio. A predetermined amount of feed oil and Iyo citrus peel oil are included, and Comparative Example 3 further includes only 8% by mass of feed oil.

  Specifically, in Examples 2 to 4, which are feed for cultured fish for yellowtail, Example 2 further includes 7.98% by mass of feed oil and 0.02% by mass of Iyo citrus peel oil, and Example 3 further includes feed. Oil contains 7.96 mass%, Iyo citrus peel oil 0.04 mass%, and Example 4 further contains 7.94 mass% feed oil and Iyo citrus peel oil 0.06 mass%.

  Moreover, in Examples 5 to 7 which are cultured fish feed for red sea bream, Example 5 further includes 7.9% by mass of feed oil and 0.1% by mass of Iyo citrus peel oil, and Example 6 further includes feed oil. 7.8% by mass, 0.2% by mass of Iyo citrus peel oil, Example 7 further contains 7.7% by mass of feed oil and 0.3% by mass of Iyo citrus peel oil.

  Subsequently, breeding test 2 in which yellowtail was cultured using the cultured fish feed of Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Example 3, and breeding in which red sea bream was cultured using the cultured fish feed of Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 3 The results of Test 3 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In breeding test 2, yellowtails with a fish weight of about 5 kg when landing are divided into four test zones of 10 fish, and in each test zone, the cultured fish of Example 2, Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 3 The feed was fed 10 times per 1 kg (total 10 kg) for 2 weeks.

  Also, in breeding test 3, red sea bream with a fish weight of about 2 kg when landing is divided into 4 test sections of 25 fish, and in each test section, Example 5, Example 6, Example 7, and Comparative Example 3 Cultured fish feed was fed 10 times per kg (total 10 kg) over 2 weeks.

  Fig. 3 shows the test results of breeding test 2, and Fig. 3 (a) shows the Iyo citrus peel oil in the yellowtail muscle sampled in each test group after two weeks from the start of feeding in each test group. The result of analyzing the content of the main component (D-limonene) (HS-GC-MS) is shown, and FIG. 3B shows the sensory test result of the sampled yellowtail.

  FIG. 4 shows the test results of breeding test 3, and FIG. 4 (a) shows the main component of Iyo citrus peel oil (D) in the muscles of red sea bream sampled in each test section 2 weeks after the start of feeding. -The result of analyzing the content of (limonene) (HS-GC-MS) is shown, and Fig. 4 (b) shows the sensory test result of red sea bream sampled.

  In the sensory test shown in FIG. 3 (b) and FIG. 4 (b), the males in their 20s, males in their 30s, females in their 30s, males in their 40s, females in their 40s, females in their 50s, A total of 7 people, one each, eats freshly caught yellowtail and red sea bream fish from each test area, and whether or not the scent of Iyo citrus peel oil is felt (1: not felt, 2: feel weak, 3 : Feel normal, 4: Feel strong, 5: Too strong).

  As shown in FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 4 (a), in the test area of Comparative Example 3 to which Iyo citrus peel oil was not added, the main component of Iyo citrus peel oil was contained in the muscles of the fished cultured fish. In contrast, in the test sections of Examples 2 to 4 in which a predetermined amount of Iyo citrus peel oil was added, an amount of D-limonene proportional to the amount added was contained in the muscle and added to the feed. Iyo citrus peel oil is well transferred to the muscles of cultured fish.

  As shown in FIG.3 (b), in the breeding test 2, about the yellowtail of the test section which supplied the feed for cultured fish of Example 3, 4, all feel the scent of Iyokan more than usual. Moreover, as shown in FIG.4 (b), in the breeding test 3, about the red sea bream of the test area which gave the feed for cultured fish of Example 6, 7, all feel the scent of Iyokan more than usual.

  Thus, from the results shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, when Iyo citrus peel oil is added to the feed for cultured fish, the components of Iyo citrus peel oil migrate well to the muscles of the cultured fish, and a predetermined amount or more of Iyo citrus peel It can be seen that by giving oil to the cultured fish, the scent of Iyokan can be felt from the fish meat of the cultured fish. Therefore, by using the cultured fish feed according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the smell of the fish and provide a cultured fish with a scent of Iyokan when eating.

  Subsequently, the appropriate amount of Iyo citrus peel oil to be added to cultured fish feed will be examined. According to the breeding test results 2 and 3 described above, as the amount of Iyo citrus peel oil added to the feed increases, the scent of Iyokan migrating to cultured fish becomes stronger. In the following, we will examine how much Iyokan peel oil should be given to the cultured fish in order to make the Iyokan fragrance from the fish meat of the cultured fish.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the total amount of Iyo citrus peel oil fed to the cultured fish by mixing with the cultured fish feed in each of the breeding tests 1 to 3, and landing the cultured fish. Expressed as the total amount of food per kg of fish weight per hour.

  First, in the breeding test 1, when the feeding period is 2 weeks (when analyzing the Iyokan ingredients), 1 kg of cultured fish feed for each feeding contains 2 g of Iyokan peel oil for a total of 10 times By feeding, 20g of peel oil is given to farmed fish. Here, the test zone contains 10 5kg yellowtails when landing, and the total fish weight when landing is 50kg. Therefore, the total amount of peel oil at the time of feeding 10 times in the breeding test 1 is 0.4 g per kg of fish body weight.

  In the breeding test 1, when the feeding period is 8 weeks (measuring the average fish weight), that is, when the 40 feedings of the breeding test 1 are performed, the total peel oil supply is 1.6 per kg of fish body weight. g.

  Similarly, for Examples 2 to 4 of Breeding Test 2, the total amount of peel oil at the completion of feeding (10 times of feeding) is 0.04 g (Example 2) and 0.08 g (Example) per kg of fish body weight. 3), 0.12 g (Example 4). Moreover, about Examples 5-7 of breeding test 3, the total amount of peel oil at the time of completion of feeding (10 times of feeding) is 0.2 g (Example 5) and 0.4 g (Example 6) per 1 kg of fish body weight. 0.6 g (Example 7).

  Here, in the sensory test for the breeding test 2 described above, in Example 2 (0.04 g / 1 kg), there are 2 out of 7 people who do not feel the scent of Iyokan, while Example 3 (0.08 In g / 1kg), all seven people feel the scent of Iyokan. Therefore, when using cultured fish feed containing Iyo citrus peel oil for breeding yellowtail, it is desirable to give a total of 0.04 g or more of Iyo citrus peel oil per kg of fish weight at the time of landing, more preferably Desirably 0.08g or more.

  In the sensory test for breeding test 3 described above, in Example 5 (0.2 g / 1 kg), there were 4 out of 7 people who did not feel the scent of Iyokan, whereas Example 6 (0.4 g / 1kg), all 7 people feel the scent of Iyokan. Therefore, when using cultured fish feed containing Iyo citrus peel oil for raising red sea bream, it is desirable to give a total of 0.2 g or more of cultured fish feed per 1 kg of fish weight at the time of landing, Desirably 0.4 g or more.

  In this way, red sea bream needs to give more peel oil than yellowtail because the efficiency of Iyo citrus peel oil added with feed to the fish meat of the cultured fish is proportional to the fat content of the cultured fish. It is possible. Since yellowtail has a higher fat content than red sea bream, it can be efficiently scented with a small amount of yellowtail oil compared to red sea bream.

  In addition, if the feed for cultured fish supplemented with Iyo citrus peel oil was given more than one year before landing, Iyo citrus peel oil that had been transferred to the fish of the cultured fish was lost during the subsequent growth process. Therefore, it is necessary to give it within 3 months, more preferably within 2 months immediately before landing.

  Moreover, the number of times of feeding the cultured fish feed to which Iyo citrus peel oil is added is preferably divided into at least 5 days, and desirably divided into 14 days (2 weeks) or more. In one feeding, fish that eat and fish that do not eat come out, so it is necessary to divide them into five or more days in order to suppress variations in the amount of food fed by individuals, that is, variations in the intake of Iyo citrus peel oil.

  In addition, regarding the upper limit of the amount of Iyo citrus peel oil to be fed, if it is pericarp, increasing the amount of pericarp to mix will reduce the amount of compounded feed and the like, and the growth of cultured fish will be hindered. There is a limit to the amount that can be achieved. On the other hand, if it is crudely refined Iyo citrus peel oil, a desired amount of Iyo citrus peel oil can be mixed except when the scent becomes too strong to stop eating cultured fish.

  As mentioned above, although this embodiment was described in detail, according to the feed for cultured fish which added the Iyo citrus peel oil which concerns on this embodiment, by adding the Iyo citrus peel oil refine | purified roughly without distilling, aquaculture Without inhibiting the growth of fish, the fish meat of cultured fish can be scented with Iyokan to reduce the smell of fish. Thereby, it is possible to cultivate high-quality cultured fish and contribute to the improvement of the sales of the aquaculture company.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, roughly refined Iyo citrus peel oil is mixed with the feed, and unlike the case of mixing the whole peel, Iyo citrus peel oil can be easily mixed with not only moist pellets but also dry pellets. Can do.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, the composition component and composition ratio of the feed for cultured fish can be changed as appropriate, and the timing, amount, number of times, and the like of giving the feed for cultured fish can be changed as appropriate.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the case of a yellowtail and a red sea bream was mentioned as an example as a cultured fish, it demonstrated and this invention is applicable to other fish species, such as amberjack and a tuna. In this case, it is desirable that the amount of citrus peel oil to be fed is appropriately adjusted according to the fat content of the fish species.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, Iyokan was used as citrus, and Iyo citrus peel oil was added to the feed for cultured fish, but other citrus such as Wenzhou mandarin orange, citron, orange, grapefruit, etc. are used as appropriate. The peel oil collected from these peels may be added to the feed.

Claims (6)

  A feed for cultured fish, characterized in that it is extracted from the peel of citrus fruits by a pressing method, and crudely purified peel oil is added without distillation.   A method for cultivating cultured fish, comprising a step of feeding the cultured fish with a predetermined amount of cultured fish feed that has been extracted from citrus peel by pressing and added with crude oil that has been roughly purified without distillation .   The method for culturing cultured fish according to claim 2, wherein the skin oil feeding step is a step performed within three months immediately before landing of the cultured fish.   The method for culturing cultured fish according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the skin oil feeding step is a step of giving at least 5 days. The farmed fish is yellowtail,
The cultured fish according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the pericarp oil feeding step is a step of giving 0.04 g or more of Iyo citrus pericarp oil to the yellowtail per 1 kg of fish weight at the time of landing. Method. The farmed fish is red sea bream,
The cultured fish according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the pericarp oil feeding step is a step of providing the red sea bream with a total of 0.2 g or more of Iyo citrus pericarp oil per kg of fish weight at the time of landing. Method.

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