JP5450924B2 - Poultry feed for meat chickens, poultry farming method using the feed, and chicken quality improvement method - Google Patents
Poultry feed for meat chickens, poultry farming method using the feed, and chicken quality improvement method Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、肉鶏の養鶏に関し、詳しくは肉鶏用養鶏飼料、該飼料を用いた養鶏方法および鶏肉の品質向上方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to poultry poultry farming, and more particularly to poultry poultry feed for poultry, a poultry farming method using the feed, and a method for improving the quality of chicken.
従来より、家禽の飼料に油脂を添加することが行われており、該油脂としては、回収油とも呼ばれる飲食店や食品工場から回収された使用済みの食用油（廃食用油）が用いられている（例えば、特許文献１、非特許文献１参照）。
廃食用油は安価なものの品質が高いとはいえず、安全性の面でも疑問がある。特に肉鶏（食肉とするための鶏）として代表的なブロイラーの飼料においては、油脂の含有率が通常４〜５％と他の家畜用飼料等に比べて高いため、油脂の品質が飼料効率や、生産される鶏肉の安全性も含めた品質に影響しかねない。本発明者らの研究によれば、廃食用油は酸化の程度が進んでいるため、これを食した鶏はストレスを感じるためか、健康状態に悪影響を与え、免疫力の低下すら引き起こしかねないこともわかってきた。 Although waste cooking oil is inexpensive, it cannot be said that the quality is high, and there is a question in terms of safety. Especially in broiler feeds that are representative of meat chickens (chicken for making meat), the fat content is usually 4-5%, which is higher than other livestock feeds. In addition, the quality of chicken produced, including the safety, may be affected. According to our studies, waste edible oil has a high degree of oxidation, so chickens that eat it may feel stress or adversely affect their health and even cause a decline in immunity I understand that too.
そこで本発明は、肉鶏の飼料効率が良く、しかも良好な品質の鶏肉が得られる肉鶏用養鶏飼料を提供し、ひいては消費者のニーズに即した高品質な鶏肉の生産技術を確立することを課題とする。 Accordingly, the present invention provides a poultry feed for poultry chicken that has good feed efficiency for poultry chickens and that can provide good quality poultry, and thus establishes high-quality poultry production technology that meets consumer needs. Is an issue.
本発明者らは、上記課題の解決のため鋭意研究の結果、肉鶏用養鶏飼料に添加する油脂として廃食用油に代えて品質が良く安全性にも問題のない油脂、具体的には未使用の植物性油を使用することにより、飼料効率が向上するとともに良好な肉質が得られることを見出し、さらに米糠抽出物を配合することで肉質がより向上することを見出し、本発明を完成するに到った。 As a result of diligent research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that fats and oils to be added to poultry feeds for meat chickens have good quality and no safety problems in place of waste edible oils. By using the vegetable oil used, it is found that the feed efficiency is improved and a good meat quality is obtained, and further that the meat quality is further improved by blending the rice bran extract, and the present invention is completed. It reached.
すなわち本発明は、
[１] 油脂が添加されてなる養鶏飼料において、油脂が未使用の植物性油である肉鶏用養鶏飼料、
[２] さらに米糠抽出物が添加されてなる請求項１に記載の肉鶏用養鶏飼料、
[３] 前項[１]または[２]に記載の肉鶏用養鶏飼料を用いて肉鶏を飼育する養鶏方法、および
[４] 前項[１]または[２]に記載の肉鶏用養鶏飼料を用いて肉鶏を飼育する鶏肉の品質向上方法
に関する。
That is, the present invention
[1] In a poultry feed to which fats and oils are added, the poultry feed for beef chickens in which the fats and oils are unused vegetable oils,
[2] The poultry feed for meat chickens according to claim 1, further comprising a rice bran extract,
[3] A poultry farming method for raising chickens using the poultry poultry feed described in [1] or [2] above, and
[4] The present invention relates to a method for improving the quality of chicken, in which meat chickens are bred using the chicken fowl feed described in [1] or [2] above.
本発明によれば、肉鶏の養鶏における増体性や飼料効率が向上し、鶏肉の生産効率が向上する効果が得られる。これは、添加する油脂を未使用の植物性油とすることにより、鶏の酸化ストレスが軽減されるためと考えられ、それにより免疫力も向上していると思われる。
また、本発明によれば良好な品質の鶏肉が得られ、未使用の植物性油に加えて米糠抽出物を添加する好ましい態様においては、鶏肉の品質が特に向上する。
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the body weight increase property and feed efficiency in chicken raising of a chicken are improved, and the effect that the production efficiency of a chicken improves is acquired. This is considered to be because the oxidative stress of chicken is reduced by making the added fats and oils unused vegetable oils, and it is considered that the immunity is also improved.
Moreover, according to the present invention, chicken of good quality is obtained, and in a preferred embodiment in which a rice bran extract is added in addition to unused vegetable oil, the quality of chicken is particularly improved.
本発明の肉鶏用養鶏飼料（以下、「本発明の飼料」ということがある。）は、油脂が添加されてなる養鶏飼料である。油脂が添加される基礎飼料としては、特に限定されるものではなく、養鶏用基礎飼料として公知のものが使用でき、市販品を使用してもよい。通常は、穀物（トウモロコシ等）を主原料とし、各種の副原料を配合した配合飼料が基礎飼料として使用される。 The poultry feed for meat chickens of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “the feed of the present invention”) is a poultry feed to which fats and oils are added. The basic feed to which fats and oils are added is not particularly limited, and a known basic feed for poultry farming can be used, and a commercially available product may be used. Usually, a mixed feed containing grains (such as corn) as a main raw material and various auxiliary materials is used as a basic feed.
本発明の飼料においては、添加される油脂が未使用の植物性油であることが重要である。「未使用の植物性油」のうちの「植物性」とは、文字通り植物由来であることを意味し、植物の実や種から絞り取られた各種の植物性の油、例えば大豆油、ナタネ油、コーン油、ごま油、米ヌカ油、米ハイガ油等が公知である。動物性でなく植物性の油を用いる理由は、動物性の油は固形脂であり、飼料を調製する際に均一混合し辛いという不都合があるためである。また、動物性の油はコレステロール含量が高いという問題もある。 In the feed of the present invention, it is important that the added fat is an unused vegetable oil. The term “vegetable” in “unused vegetable oil” means literally derived from plants, and various vegetable oils extracted from plant fruits and seeds such as soybean oil and rapeseed. Oil, corn oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, rice hyga oil and the like are known. The reason why vegetable oil is used instead of animal is that animal oil is a solid fat and has a disadvantage that it is difficult to mix uniformly when preparing a feed. Animal oils also have the problem of high cholesterol content.
「未使用の植物性油」のうちの「未使用」とは、新品の油であることを意味し、天ぷら油等として使用された後の廃食用油のようにいったん使用された回収油に対立する概念である。廃食用油等の回収油では油の酸化がすすんでおり、これを添加剤として鶏に与えた場合、鶏の健康状態に悪影響を及ぼす。すなわち、酸化のすすんだ油を継続的に与えられた鶏はストレスを感じるものと考えられ、このことは増体（体重の増加）性において好ましくなく、また、免疫力が低下して病気に感染しやすくなるおそれもあると考えられる。さらに、廃食用油を使用することは、過去の使用や回収の履歴による安全性の面で疑問がある。本発明ではそのような問題を解決するために、飼料に添加する油脂として未使用の植物性油を使用するのである。 “Unused” of “unused vegetable oil” means that it is a new oil, and is used for recovered oil once used like edible oil after used as tempura oil. It is a conflicting concept. In recovered oils such as waste edible oil, the oxidation of the oil has progressed, and when this is given to chickens as an additive, it adversely affects chicken health. That is, chickens continuously fed with oxidized oil are considered to feel stress, which is undesirable in weight gain (weight gain), and immunity is reduced and infected It is thought that it may be easy to do. Furthermore, the use of waste cooking oil is questionable in terms of safety due to past use and recovery history. In this invention, in order to solve such a problem, an unused vegetable oil is used as fats and oils added to feed.
したがって、本発明の飼料においては、廃食用油等の回収油が含添加されていないことが好ましく、また、回収油、未使用の油を問わず動物性の油が添加されていないことが好ましい。魚油については、魚油は非常に安定性が悪いこともあり、添加されていないことが好ましい。 Therefore, in the feed of the present invention, it is preferable that no recovered oil such as waste edible oil is added, and it is preferable that no animal oil is added regardless of recovered oil or unused oil. . As for fish oil, fish oil may be very unstable and is preferably not added.
未使用の植物性油としては、新品の植物油であれば特に限定されるものではなく、食用油として公知のものから１種もしくは２種以上を混合して使用できるが、例えば、大豆油、ナタネ油が好ましく、大豆油、ナタネ油、米ヌカ油、米ハイガ油が好ましく、それらの２種以上を混合した混合油も好ましい。 The unused vegetable oil is not particularly limited as long as it is a new vegetable oil, and can be used by mixing one or two or more kinds known from edible oils. For example, soybean oil, rapeseed Oil is preferable, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil and rice hyga oil are preferable, and a mixed oil obtained by mixing two or more of them is also preferable.
未使用の植物性油の添加量としては、少なすぎると必要な栄養分が確保できないおそれがあり、逆に多すぎると栄養バランスが崩れるおそれがあるが、成長の時期に応じた栄養分の確保とバランスを考慮して適宜設定することができる。具体的な添加量としては、前期飼料においては飼料全体の質量に対して２〜４質量％が好ましく、約３％が特に好ましい。一方、後期飼料においては飼料全体の質量に対して４〜６質量％が好ましく、約５％が特に好ましい。 If the amount of unused vegetable oil added is too small, the necessary nutrients may not be secured. Conversely, if too much, the nutritional balance may be lost. Can be set as appropriate. The specific addition amount is preferably 2 to 4% by mass, and particularly preferably about 3%, based on the total mass of the feed in the early feed. On the other hand, in late feed, 4-6 mass% is preferable with respect to the mass of the whole feed, and about 5% is especially preferable.
さらに、本発明の飼料には、米糠抽出物が添加されていることが好ましい。なお、米糠抽出物中には油脂に該当する成分も含まれうるが、説明の都合上、本発明では米糠抽出物を上記未使用の植物性油とは別のものとして扱う。 Furthermore, it is preferable that the rice bran extract is added to the feed of the present invention. In addition, although the component applicable to fats and oils may also be contained in the rice bran extract, for convenience of explanation, in this invention, a rice bran extract is handled as a thing different from the said unused vegetable oil.
本発明の飼料に米糠抽出物を添加することにより、上記の未使用の植物性油を添加する効果を何ら阻害することなく、鶏肉の香り、味、多汁性（ジューシーさ）といった品質の向上に効果があることを本発明者らは見出した。 By adding a rice bran extract to the feed of the present invention, the quality of chicken aroma, taste, juiciness (juiciness) is improved without obstructing the effect of adding the above-mentioned unused vegetable oil. The present inventors have found that this is effective.
本発明における米糠抽出物としては、米糠抽出物による油溶性液体が好ましく、具体的には、米糠から米油を精製する過程での脱臭工程において副生する米油脱臭留出物あるいは該米油脱臭留出物をケン化処理したものが好ましい。米糠抽出物としては、抽出後に合成処理やバイオ処理が施されていないものが好ましい。なお、米糠抽出物としては、米糠以外に米胚芽からの抽出物が含まれていてもよい。 The rice bran extract in the present invention is preferably an oil-soluble liquid obtained from a rice bran extract. Specifically, the rice oil deodorized distillate by-produced in the deodorizing step in the process of refining rice oil from rice bran or the rice oil A product obtained by saponifying a deodorized distillate is preferable. As the rice bran extract, those which have not been subjected to synthetic treatment or biotreatment after extraction are preferable. In addition, as rice bran extract, the extract from rice germ other than rice bran may be contained.
米糠抽出物には、植物ステロールが含まれていることが好ましく、さらにビタミンE群（トコフェロール、トコトリエノール等）、スクワレン等が含まれていることが好ましい。それらの好ましい含有量としては、米糠抽出物全体に対して植物ステロールが５〜２０ 質量％程度、トコフェロールが１〜５質量％程度、トコトリエノールが１〜５質量％程度、スクワレンが１〜１０質量％程度である。 The rice bran extract preferably contains a plant sterol, and further preferably contains a vitamin E group (tocopherol, tocotrienol, etc.), squalene and the like. As preferable contents thereof, the plant sterol is about 5 to 20% by mass, the tocopherol is about 1 to 5% by mass, the tocotrienol is about 1 to 5% by mass, and the squalene is 1 to 10% by mass with respect to the whole rice bran extract. Degree.
本発明に使用される米糠抽出物の好適な具体例としては、築野食品工業株式会社製「ライストリエノール」が挙げられ、このものは上記米油脱臭留出物を主成分とする。 As a preferable specific example of the rice bran extract used in the present invention, “Rystrienor” manufactured by Tsukino Food Industry Co., Ltd. can be mentioned, which is mainly composed of the above-mentioned rice oil deodorized distillate.
米糠抽出物の添加量としては、本発明の飼料全体の質量に対して０．３〜１．０質量％ が好ましく、特に好ましくは約０．５質量％である。０．３質量％より少ないと、米糠抽出物を添加することによる効果が得られ難い傾向にあるため好ましくなく、一方、１．０質量％を超えると栄養バランスが崩れる傾向にあるため好ましくない。 The addition amount of the rice bran extract is preferably 0.3 to 1.0% by mass, particularly preferably about 0.5% by mass, based on the total mass of the feed of the present invention. If the amount is less than 0.3% by mass, the effect of adding the rice bran extract tends to be difficult to obtain. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 1.0% by mass, the nutritional balance tends to be lost.
本発明の飼料を与える対象となる鶏としては、肉鶏、すなわち食肉である鶏肉の生産を目的として養鶏される鶏であれば特に限定されないが、本発明によるメリットが大きいのは、効率的な鶏肉の生産を目的とした、生後１００日以下、好ましくは６０日以下程度で養鶏を終了して解体されるのに適した種類であり、具体的にはブロイラーが好ましい。 The chicken to be provided with the feed of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a meat chicken, that is, a chicken raised for the purpose of producing meat that is meat, but the merit of the present invention is great because it is efficient. For the purpose of producing chicken meat, it is of a type suitable for finishing poultry after 100 days or less, preferably 60 days or less, and specifically broilers.
本発明の飼料を用いて肉鶏を飼育すると、増体性が向上し、さらには飼料効率の向上が期待できる。同じ増体を得るのに必要な飼料の量が少ないほど飼料効率は良い。そのような、本発明の飼料を用いて肉鶏を飼育する養鶏方法もまた、本発明のひとつである。本発明の養鶏方法においては、飼料として本発明の飼料を与えること以外は、従来公知の養鶏方法における種々の方法を適用可能である。 When meat chickens are bred using the feed of the present invention, the increase in body weight is improved, and further improvement in feed efficiency can be expected. The smaller the amount of feed needed to obtain the same gain, the better the feed efficiency. Such a method for raising chickens using the feed of the present invention is also one aspect of the present invention. In the poultry farming method of the present invention, various methods in conventionally known poultry farming methods can be applied except that the feed of the present invention is given as feed.
また、本発明の飼料を用いて肉鶏を飼育すると、生産物として得られる鶏肉の品質の向上が期待できる。そのような、本発明の飼料を用いて肉鶏を飼育する鶏肉の品質向上方法もまた、本発明のひとつである。特に、本発明の飼料として、上記の米糠抽出物が添加された試料を用いることが、本発明の鶏肉の品質向上方法として好ましい。 Moreover, when a chicken is raised using the feed of the present invention, an improvement in the quality of the chicken obtained as a product can be expected. Such a method for improving the quality of chicken that raises meat chickens using the feed of the present invention is also one aspect of the present invention. In particular, as the feed of the present invention, it is preferable to use a sample to which the rice bran extract is added as a method for improving the quality of chicken of the present invention.
以下に実施例を示して本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
[実施例１、２および比較例1]
和歌山県内で５月下旬から７月上旬にかけての５０日間（０〜４９日齢）にわたって食肉用ブロイラー（チャンキー種）の養鶏を行うにあたり、下記表１に示す組成の基礎飼料９７．０質量部に対し、油脂として実施例１では未使用の植物性油３．０質量部を、実施例２では未使用の植物性油２．５質量部と米糠抽出物０．５質量部とを、比較例１では廃食用油（植物性油）３．０質量部をそれぞれ添加して、前期飼料（０〜２１日齢用）を調製した。同様に、下記表１に示す組成の基礎飼料９５．０質量部に対し、実施例１では未使用の植物性油５．０質量部を、実施例２では未使用の植物性油４．５質量部と米糠抽出物０．５質量部とを、比較例１では廃食用油（植物性油）５．０質量部をそれぞれ添加して、後期飼料（２２〜４９日齢用）を調製した。なお、実施例１および２における未使用の植物性油としては、いずれも大豆油とナタネ油とを２：１の質量比で併用して用い、該未使用の植物性油と比較例１における廃食用油の脂肪酸組成は合わせた。また、実施例２における米糠抽出物としては築野食品工業株式会社製「ライストリエノール」を用いた。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1]
In raising a broiler for meat (chunky type) for 50 days (from 0 to 49 days of age) from late May to early July in Wakayama Prefecture, 97.0 parts by weight of basic feed having the composition shown in Table 1 below On the other hand, 3.0 parts by weight of unused vegetable oil in Example 1 as fats and oils, 2.5 parts by weight of unused vegetable oil and 0.5 parts by weight of rice bran extract in Example 2 were compared. In Example 1, 3.0 parts by weight of waste edible oil (vegetable oil) was added, respectively, to prepare the early feed (for 0-21 days old). Similarly, with respect to 95.0 parts by mass of the basic feed having the composition shown in Table 1 below, 5.0 parts by mass of unused vegetable oil is used in Example 1, and 4.5% of unused vegetable oil is used in Example 2. In Comparative Example 1, 5.0 parts by weight of waste edible oil (vegetable oil) was added to each part by weight and 0.5 parts by weight of rice bran extract to prepare late feed (for 22-49 days old). . In addition, as an unused vegetable oil in Examples 1 and 2, both used soybean oil and rapeseed oil in a mass ratio of 2: 1, and the unused vegetable oil and Comparative Example 1 were used. The fatty acid composition of the waste cooking oil was combined. Moreover, as the rice bran extract in Example 2, “Rystrienor” manufactured by Tsukino Food Industry Co., Ltd. was used.
上記飼料を各試験区に分けて（実施例１を試験区１、実施例２を試験区２、比較例１を対照区とする）用いて、１試験区あたり２００羽ずつ（オス１００羽、メス１００羽）、ウインドレス鶏舎にて飼養した。飼育密度は５０羽／坪とし、飼料、飲水ともに自由摂取とした。試験解体は５０日齢に実施した。
なお、確認の便宜のため、下記表２に各試験区の飼料における油脂添加濃度を示す。
The feed is divided into test groups (Example 1 is used as Test Group 1, Example 2 is used as Test Group 2, and Comparative Example 1 is used as a Control Group), and 200 birds per test group (100 males, 100 females) were raised in a windless poultry house. The rearing density was 50 birds / tsubo, and both feed and drinking water were freely ingested. The test dismantling was carried out at 50 days of age.
For convenience of confirmation, Table 2 below shows the fat and oil addition concentrations in the feed of each test section.
４９日齢における生体重の測定結果を下記表３に示す。 Table 3 below shows the results of measurement of body weight at 49 days of age.
実施例１（試験区１）および実施例２（試験区２）における生体重が比較例１（対照区）における生体重より有意に高い値となっており、本発明により増体性が向上していることがわかる。
また、飼料要求率の結果を下記表４に示す。飼料要求率は（飼料消費量）÷（増体重）で算出され「体重を１kg増やすのに、何kgの飼料が必要か」ということを表わす数値であり、値が低いほど飼料効率が良いことを示す。
The body weight in Example 1 (Test Group 1) and Example 2 (Test Group 2) is significantly higher than the body weight in Comparative Example 1 (Control Group), and the present invention improves weight gain. You can see that
Moreover, the result of a feed request | requirement rate is shown in following Table 4. The feed demand rate is calculated by (feed consumption) ÷ (weight gain) and is a numerical value that indicates how many kilograms of feed is required to increase the body weight by 1 kg. The lower the value, the better the feed efficiency Indicates.
０〜４９日齢の飼料要求率は試験区１および試験区２が対照区よりも低く、特に試験後半（２２日齢以降）において、試験区１および試験区２の飼料要求率が低くなっており、本発明により飼料効率が向上したことがわかる。
また、性能指数（プロダクションスコア）の算出結果を下記表５に示す。プロダクションスコアとは、次の式で算出される、生産性を総合的に示す数値である。
性能指数 ＝（増体重（kg）×育成率（％）×100）／（飼料要求率×出荷日齢）
The feed requirement rate of 0 to 49 days of age is lower in the test group 1 and the test group 2 than in the control group, and particularly in the latter half of the test (after 22 days of age), the feed request rate of the test group 1 and the test group 2 is low. It can be seen that the feed efficiency was improved by the present invention.
In addition, Table 5 below shows the calculation results of the performance index (production score). The production score is a numerical value that comprehensively indicates productivity calculated by the following formula.
Performance index = (weight gain (kg) x breeding rate (%) x 100) / (feed requirement rate x shipping date)
試験区１および試験区２はほぼ同じで、対照区よりも高い値となっており、本発明による生産性の向上が確認された。
さらに、鶏肉の品質試験として、官能評価検査を行った。官能評価検査には上記試験解体後−３０℃で６０日間冷凍保存したむね肉（浅胸筋）を４℃で２４時間解凍したものを使用し、３％食塩水に１時間浸した後ホットプレートで焼いたものを試料とした。一般の消費者パネル４５人（男性１８人、女性２７人）による試食後、鶏肉の香り、味、軟らかさ、多汁性（ジューシーさ）の４項目について、それぞれ６段階（非常に悪い：１点、悪い：２点、やや悪い：３点、やや良い：４点、良い：５点、非常に良い：６点）で評価してもらった。評価点を集計した結果を下記表６に示す。
The test group 1 and the test group 2 were almost the same, and the value was higher than that of the control group, confirming the improvement in productivity according to the present invention.
Furthermore, a sensory evaluation test was conducted as a quality test for chicken. For the sensory evaluation test, the meat (shallow pectoral muscle) that had been frozen and stored at -30 ° C for 60 days after thawing the test was thawed at 4 ° C for 24 hours, soaked in 3% saline for 1 hour, and then hot plate A sample baked in was used as a sample. After tasting by 45 general consumer panels (18 men, 27 women), each of the four items of chicken aroma, taste, softness and juiciness (juicy) has 6 levels (very bad: 1 Point, bad: 2 points, slightly bad: 3 points, slightly good: 4 points, good: 5 points, very good: 6 points). The results of totaling the evaluation points are shown in Table 6 below.
試験区１の評価点は、香り、味、多汁性の３項目については対照区と同じ水準であったが、軟らかさが対照区より高く、本発明の実施例１では軟らかさにおいて肉質の向上が見られた。試験区２の評価点は、４項目の全てにおいて評価点が高く、本発明の実施例２では肉質が顕著に向上していることがわかる。
なお、実施例２において用いた米糠抽出物「ライストリエノール」中の各種成分の含有率を下記表７に示す。
The evaluation score of the test group 1 was the same level as the control group for the three items of fragrance, taste, and juiciness, but the softness was higher than that of the control group, and in Example 1 of the present invention, the softness was fleshy. An improvement was seen. The evaluation score of the test group 2 is high in all four items, and it can be seen that the meat quality is remarkably improved in Example 2 of the present invention.
In addition, the content rate of the various components in the rice bran extract "Leistrienol" used in Example 2 is shown in Table 7 below.
Claims (6)
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