JP2015514004A - 圧力調整式の反応器 - Google Patents
圧力調整式の反応器 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
- B01J19/2425—Tubular reactors in parallel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
- C01C3/02—Preparation, separation or purification of hydrogen cyanide
- C01C3/0204—Preparation, separation or purification of hydrogen cyanide from formamide or from ammonium formate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B31/00—Charging devices
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/06—Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer
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- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
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Abstract
Description
図1に関連して、本発明に基づき蒸発させようとする原材料(A及びB)は、それぞれ相応の貯蔵容器に供給される。原材料(A及びB)の内の少なくとも一方が、サーモリシス又はパイロリシスにより熱分解されることが望ましい。貯蔵容器は、加熱部又は冷却部を装備していてよく、必要な場合は洗浄ガスで覆われていてよい。沈殿する原材料のために、貯蔵容器は攪拌装置又は相応の循環装置も装備していてよい。原材料(A及びB)は、貯蔵容器の下流側に取り付けられた供給装置を介して同時に、又は順次、又は所定の混合比で、圧送装置(3)に供給され得る。このプロセスは、任意の数の原材料の供給に基づき、化学的な要求に応じて拡張されてよい。
実験は、上述したような反応システムを用いて実施された(図1に基づく実施例の説明)。
Claims (21)
- 多数の加熱可能な反応器管から成る管束反応器内で、流体の原料、又は流動化された原料をパイロリシス又はサーモリシスにより熱分解する方法において、
原料を、少なくとも1つの供給部を介して管束反応器の一方の端部に供給し、
前記供給部は、複数の減圧ユニットを有しており、該減圧ユニットは、前記管束反応器の個々の反応器管内への原料導入部の上流側における過剰圧力を可能にし、且つ反応器管内部における負圧を可能にし、
前記減圧ユニットは、前記個々の反応器管内への原料の実質的に均一な流入量を制御し、
前記反応器管の、少なくとも第1の区分を、原料の分解温度に加熱し、
これにより、原料をパイロリシス又はサーモリシスにより熱分解して、パイロリシス熱分解生成物又はサーモリシス熱分解生成物を得ることを特徴とする、管束反応器内で、流体の原料、又は流動化された原料をパイロリシス又はサーモリシスにより熱分解する方法。 - 前記反応器管の第1の区分の内側表面を誘導加熱する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 原料を、分解温度未満の温度で予熱して蒸発させる、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 原料を、前記反応器管の第2の区分において蒸発させ、蒸発した原料を、前記第2の区分から前記第1の区分に供給する、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記第1の区分への原料の移送と、前記第1の区分における分解と、好適には前記予熱及び蒸発も、連続的に操作する、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- パイロリシス又はサーモリシスによる熱分解により、場合によっては副生成物として生じる固形堆積物を、前記第1の区分の内側表面の温度を高めることにより、特に蒸発、分解又は燃焼させて除去する、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記加熱された内側表面が、パイロリシス熱分解反応器又はサーモリシス熱分解反応器の内部空間のほぼ全体を制限している、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 原料の、パイロリシス又はサーモリシスによる熱分解は、負圧で、好適には最高500hPa、特に好適には最高250hPa、特に好適には80hPa〜200hPaの範囲の絶対圧力で行う、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記反応器管の少なくとも第1の区分の内側表面は、鉄本体の表面であり且つ/又は前記表面は、鉄又は酸化鉄である、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記反応器管の第1の区分の内側表面を、分解温度未満の温度に加熱し、好適には分解温度未満の少なくとも20℃、特に好適には少なくとも50℃に加熱し且つ/又は原料蒸発の固形副生成物、特に重合生成物が一切生じない温度に加熱する、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記減圧ユニットの圧力抵抗は、少なくとも800hPaであり、好適には前記圧力抵抗は、前記反応管内部の大気圧において、原料の流入を阻止する、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記反応管内部における負圧を、前記反応器内への流体の流入量が1×10−5m3/h〜1m3/hであり、且つ/又は非作動時は0〜1×10−6m3/hであるように選択する、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法を実施するための装置であって、多数の反応器管の反応器束を備えるパイロリシス熱分解反応器又はサーモリシス熱分解反応器と、減圧ユニットを介して個々の前記反応器管に接続された原料供給部とを有しており、前記反応器管は加熱可能であり、前記反応器管の内部は、負圧ポンプと作用接続されており、前記減圧ユニットは、前記個々の反応器管内への原料の実質的に均一な流入量を制御することを特徴とする、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法を実施するための装置。
- 前記減圧ユニットは、所定の圧力抵抗を有する圧力調整器又は細管である、請求項13記載の装置。
- 前記反応器は、原料の連続的な導入、若しくはパイロリシス熱分解生成物又はサーモリシス熱分解生成物の連続的な導出に適している、請求項13又は14記載の装置。
- 前記反応器管は誘導加熱されており、好適には前記反応器管の表面が誘導式に、少なくとも1000℃、特に好適には少なくとも1300℃に加熱可能であり、特に好適には前記反応器管は、鉄本体を有しており且つ/又は鉄を含有する表面を有している、請求項13から15までのいずれか1項記載の装置。
- 加熱可能な蒸発器を備えており、好適には該蒸発器から前記反応器内にガス導管が通じており、好適には前記蒸発器は、前記管束反応器の1つの区分である、請求項13から16までのいずれか1項記載の装置。
- 多数の反応器管を備える管束反応器内でHCNを形成するために、カルボン酸アミド、好適にはホルムアミドをサーモリシスにより熱分解する方法において、
第1の方法ステップにおいて、カルボン酸アミドを、前記反応器の加熱された表面に接触させ、その際に、圧力調整により、前記管束反応器の多数の反応器管に同量のカルボン酸アミドを装入し、前記加熱された表面においてカルボン酸アミドをその分解温度に加熱し、生成物ガス‐ガスを連続的に導出することを特徴とする、管束反応器内でHCNを形成するために、カルボン酸アミド、好適にはホルムアミドをサーモリシスにより熱分解する方法。 - 第2の方法ステップにおいて、前記反応器内にカルボン酸アミドを導入せずに温度を高めて分解温度を上回らせ、これにより場合によっては形成される、サーモリシスによる熱分解の副生成物の固形堆積物を、蒸発、分解又は燃焼によって除去する、請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記表面を、サーモリシスによる熱分解のために430℃〜600℃に、好適には誘導式に加熱する、請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記表面を、副生成物を除去するために700℃〜1500℃に、好適には誘導式に加熱する、請求項19又は20記載の方法。
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