JP2015504764A - 脳の状態の意図的および非意図的な変化と脳信号との関連付け - Google Patents
脳の状態の意図的および非意図的な変化と脳信号との関連付け Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2012年1月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/590,235号および2013年1月24日に出願された米国特許出願第13/749,619号の優先権を主張し、これらの内容はその全体において本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、意図的な脳信号ならびに非意図的な脳信号および他の予期しない脳信号を検出するために、ヒトを含む対象動物から収集された脳データを抽出および評価するための分析方法に関する。これらの信号は、高次脳認知機能または脳卒中もしくは発作などの非意図的な潜在的有害事象と関連付けられ、かつ、規定の誘因事象またはタスクへのこれらの信号の変換と関連付けられる。より具体的には、本発明は、EEG、EMG、EOG、MEG、ECoG、iEEG、fMRI、LFP、または対象の脳活動により調節されるかもしくは脳活動を調節する周辺チャネルから取得される他の信号からの生体データの取得に関する。
脳波図(EEG)は、脳により生じる電気活動を測定するために用いられるツールである。脳の機能活動は、頭皮に配置された電極により収集される。EEGは、従来より、患者の脳の機能についての重要な情報を提供してきた。頭皮のEEGは、神経伝達物質により結びつけられている樹状突起からのまたは樹状突起へのイオンの流れによりもたらされる、細胞外空間におけるポストシナプスに存在する電流の集合を測定すると考えられている。従って、EEGおよび同様のモダリティは、てんかんの診断ツールとして神経内科にて主に使用されているが、その技術は、睡眠障害を含む他の病状の研究で用いることができる。
本発明の図面および記載は、明確性の目的のために、よく知られている他の要素を除いて、本発明の明確な理解に関して関連する要素を示すために簡略化されることが理解されるであろう。詳細な説明は、添付された図面への参照により、本明細書において、以下に提供される。
Claims (29)
- 以下の工程を含む、対象から意図的な脳信号を検出する方法:
(a)該対象に少なくとも単一のセンサを取り付ける工程;
(b)脳活動を示すデータを取得する工程;
(c)脳活動を示す該データを分析する工程;および
(d)分析された該データを該対象からの意図的な高次認知機能と関連付ける工程。 - 前記取得データが、前記対象に前記少なくとも単一のセンサを適用することにより非侵襲的に受け取られる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも単一のセンサが、単一のドライセンサまたは単一のウェットセンサからなる群より選択される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記取得データが、少なくとも単一のチャネルのEEG、EMG、EOG、MEG、ECoG、iEEG、fMRI、LFP、または対象の意図により調節される周辺チャネルから受け取られる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記取得データが、少なくとも単一のチャネルのEEGから受け取られる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記取得データが、少なくとも単一のチャネルのEEG、EMG、EOG、MEG、ECoG、iEEG、fMRI、LFP、または対象の意図により調節される周辺チャネルを含む多チャネル検出器から受け取られる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記取得データがワイヤレスで受け取られる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記分析する工程が、
(a)正規化されたスペクトログラムを含む、前記データのスペクトログラムを、少なくとも1回、周波数ごとに時間で正規化する工程;および
(b)正規化されたスペクトログラムを含む、同じデータのスペクトログラムを、少なくとも1回、時間ごとに周波数で正規化する工程
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記分析する工程が、
(a)前記データの前記スペクトログラムを算出する工程;
(b)前記スペクトログラムを1回または複数回、正規化する工程;ならびに
(c)正規化された前記スペクトログラムの主成分分析および/または独立成分分析を行う工程
を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記分析する工程が、時間のフラグメンテーションの分析を行う工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分析する工程が、好ましい周波数の分析を行う工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記好ましい周波数の分析が、少なくとも2回正規化されているスペクトログラムについて行われる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記分析する工程が、スペクトルのフラグメンテーションの分析を行う工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記関連付ける工程の後に、分析された前記データを変換して、高次認知機能と関連するタスクを実施する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記の高次認知機能が、意図、発語、想起、計画された動作、思考、および想像からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記タスクが、ディスプレイで発語をシミュレートすること、音声合成装置により発語をシミュレートすること、および人工補綴を動かすことからなる群より選択される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 以下の工程を含む、対象から少なくとも1つの非意図的な事象と関連する脳信号を検出する方法:
(a)該対象に少なくとも単一のセンサを取り付ける工程;
(b)脳波活動を示すデータを取得する工程;
(c)脳活動を示す該データを分析する工程;および
(d)分析された該データを少なくとも1つの非意図的な事象と関連付ける工程。 - 前記関連付ける工程の後に、アラームを起動させる工程をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記関連付ける工程の後に、前記非意図的な事象に対して、その作用を改善するために応答する工程をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記非意図的な事象に対する前記応答が、前記非意図的な事象に関して変更、抑制、または準備するために介在することを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記非意図的な事象が、高いフラグメンテーション事象、事象のフラグメンテーションの変化、驚愕、振戦、けいれん、損傷、または、てんかん性発作、片頭痛、脳卒中、心臓発作、もしくは梗塞を含むがこれらに限定されない病状からなる群より選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記非意図的な事象に対する応答が、ポリグラフテストを高めるかまたはポリグラフテストに取って代わる、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記分析する工程が、時間のフラグメンテーションの分析を行う工程を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記分析する工程が、好ましい周波数の分析を行う工程を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記好ましい周波数の分析が、少なくとも2回正規化されているスペクトログラムに対して行われる、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記分析する工程が、スペクトルのフラグメンテーションの分析を行う工程を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記分析する工程が、
(a)正規化されたスペクトログラムを含む、前記データのスペクトログラムを、少なくとも1回、周波数ごとに時間で正規化する工程;および
(b)正規化されたスペクトログラムを含む、同じデータのスペクトログラムを、少なくとも1回、時間ごとに周波数で正規化する工程
を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。 - 前記分析する工程が、
(a)前記データの前記スペクトログラムを算出する工程;
(b)前記スペクトログラムを1回または複数回、正規化する工程;ならびに
(c)正規化された前記スペクトログラムの主成分分析および/または独立成分分析を行う工程
を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。 - 以下の工程を含む、対象から意図的な信号を検出する方法:
(a)該対象に、意図的な信号を検出することが可能な少なくとも1つの検出器を取り付ける工程;
(b)EEG、EMG、EOG、MEG、ECG、ECoG、iEEG、LFP、fMRIまたは対象の意図により調節される周辺チャネルを用いて、検出された活動を示すデータを取得する工程;
(c)検出された活動を示す該データを分析する工程;および
(d)分析された該データを該対象からの意図的な高次認知機能と関連付ける工程。
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