JP2015501137A - 止血を調節するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
止血を調節するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所の助成金番号P01 HL-74124による資金援助を受けた。米国政府は、本発明における特定の権利を有する。
技術分野
本発明は、医学および血液学の分野に関する。さらに詳しくは、本発明は、新規凝固第X/Xa因子変異体と、それを必要とする患者の凝固カスケードを調節するための該変異体を使用する方法とを提供する。
本発明にしたがって、FXチモーゲンからプロテアーゼへの転移経路における調節部位に影響を及ぼし、それによってより多くの「チモーゲン様」FXa種の生成を駆動させるための組成物および方法を提供する。本発明組成物および方法は、それを必要とする患者における止血を調節するのに有効である。
第X因子(FX)は、セリンプロテアーゼチモーゲンであり、FXの切断可能なArg15-Ile16結合を切断し、FXaを生成する52アミノ酸活性化ペプチドを放出する外因性(組織因子/FVIIa)および内因性(FVIIIa/FIXa)テナーゼ酵素複合体の両方に対する基質である。第Xa因子は、プロトロンビンからトロンビンへの変換に関与するプロテアーゼである。すべてのセリンプロテアーゼチモーゲンは、基質結合部位の部分を含むそれらの構造の一部(すなわち、活性化ドメイン)が乱されており、容易にリガンドが結合することができないので、不活性である。非常に特異的な部位(キモトリプシンナンバリングシステムを用いて16位)における限定されたタンパク質分解によるこれらのチモーゲンの活性化は、この「活性化ドメイン」を整え、この領域における強いリガンド結合を許容する大規模なコンホメーション変化をもたらす。(たとえば、Furieら(1976) J.Biol.Chem.、251:6807-6814;Robisonら(1980) J.Biol.Chem.、255:2014-2021;Keytら(1982) J.Biol.Chem.、257:8687-8695;Perssonら(1991) J.Biol.Chem.、266:2458;Perssonら(1993) J.Biol.Chem.、268:22531-22539;Dahlbackら(1978) Biochem.、17:4938-4945を参照)。このチモーゲンからプロテアーゼへの転移は、一般に、すべてのセリンプロテアーゼについて同じであり、16位における切断が、次いで活性化ドメイン内の特異的部位(Asp194)に分子内で結合する新しいN末端(たとえば、野生型第X因子のための配列 IVGG(配列番号:1)を開放するメカニズムにしたがっている。強力なリガンドが、チモーゲンの活性化ドメインに結合し、この領域を安定化させ、次いでチモーゲンからプロテアーゼへの転移に見られる変化を少なくとも部分的に模倣することが明らかにされている。さらに、IVGG(配列番号:1)ペプチドが、16位における切断の不在下で、トリプシノーゲン(チモーゲン)を少なくとも部分的に活性化しうることが明らかにされている。
本発明の生体分子に関連する様々な用語が、上記および本明細書ならびに特許請求の範囲を通して用いられる。
語句「変異体チモーゲン/プロテアーゼ」は、FXaに変換されたときに、特定の補因子の不在下で、そのプロテアーゼ活性が低下するか、または「チモーゲン様」であるように遺伝子的に変更された修飾されたFXチモーゲンまたはFXaプロテアーゼを意味する。
A.核酸分子
本発明の変異体をコードする核酸分子は、組換えDNAテクノロジーを用いて製造することができる。ヌクレオチド配列情報の利用可能性は、様々な手段による本発明の単離された核酸分子の製造を可能にする。たとえば、変異体をコードする核酸配列を、当技術分野で公知の標準的プロトコルを用いて、適当な生物源から単離することができる。
本発明の変異体は、公知の方法に従って、様々な方法で製造することができる。タンパク質は、たとえば、免疫親和性精製によって、適当な源(たとえば、形質転換細菌または動物培養細胞または変異体を発現する組織)から精製することができる。しかしながら、どの時点においても所定の細胞型において存在する可能性のあるタンパク質の量が少ないので、これは好ましい方法ではない。
本発明に従って、変更されたプロテアーゼ活性を有するポリペプチドをコードする変異体核酸を、たとえば、血液凝固カスケードを調節する治療および/または予防剤(タンパク質または核酸)として用いることができる。本明細書において、変異体分子が凝固を増加させ、有効な止血を提供することが実証される。
本発明の特定の実施態様において、生物学的に適合した担体中での注入、好ましく配列番号静脈内注射により、変異体ポリペプチドを患者に投与することができる。本発明の変異体は、分子の安定性を増加させるために、必要に応じて、リポソームにカプセル封入されるか、または他のリン脂質もしくはミセルと混合されてもよい。変異体は、単独または止血を調節することがわかっている他の作用剤(たとえば、第因子V、第Va因子またはその誘導体)と組み合わせて投与することができる。変異体ポリペプチドをデリバリーするのに適した組成物は、患者の状態および血行動態状態など(これらに限定されるものではない)の様々な生理的変数を考慮して、医師によって決定される。異なる適用および投与経路によく適した様々な組成物は、当技術分野で公知であり、以下に記載する。
本発明に従って、変異体をコードする核酸を、様々な目的で利用することができる。本発明の特定の実施態様において、血液凝固を調節するための核酸のデリバリー媒体(すなわち、発現ベクター)が提供され、発現ベクターは、変異体ポリペプチドまたは本明細書に記載するその機能的フラグメントをコードする核酸配列を含む。変異体をコードする発現ベクターを患者に投与すると、凝固カスケードを変化させる役割を果たす変異体ポリペプチドが発現される。本発明に従って、変異体をコードする核酸配列は、本明細書に記載する変異体ポリペプチドをコードすることができ、その発現により止血が促される。特定の実施態様において、核酸配列は、ヒト第Xa因子ポリペプチド変異体をコードする。
プロテアーゼ。
本発明の発現ベクターは、生物学的に活性なタンパク質(たとえば、変異体ポリペプチドまたはその機能的フラグメントもしくは誘導体)の産生が可能となるように、被験者へのデリバリー可能な医薬組成物に組み込むことができる。本発明の特定の実施態様において、レシピエントが治療有効量の変異体ポリペプチドを産生するのを可能にする、十分な遺伝物質を含む医薬組成物は、被験者の止血に影響を及ぼすことができる。あるいは、上記に議論したとおり、有効量の変異体ポリペプチドを、それを必要とする患者に直接注入してもよい。該組成物は、単独投与するか、または安定化化合物などの、生理食塩水,緩衝食塩水,デキストロースおよび水などの(これらに限定されるものではない)滅菌された生体適合性の薬学的担体に添加して投与することができる少なくとも一種の他の作用剤と併用投与することができる。該組成物は患者に単独投与するか、または止血に影響する他の作用剤(たとえば補因子)と併用投与することができる。
変異体ポリペプチドは、単独または他の薬物と併用し、上述のとおり適切な生物学的担体に添加した状態で、患者に直接注射することができる。変異体またはその機能的フラグメントをコードする核酸配列を有する本発明の発現ベクターは、様々な方法で(下記参照)患者に投与し、変異体ポリペプチドの予防および/または治療有効レベルを達成および維持することができる。当業者であれば、特定の患者を治療するため、本発明の変異体をコードする発現ベクターを用いる具体的なプロトコルを容易に決定できるであろう。アデノウイルスベクターを作成し、患者に投与するプロトコルは、米国特許第5,998,205号、第6,228,646号、第6,093,699号、第6,100,242号明細書;および国際特許出願第WO 94/17810号および第WO 94/23744号に報告されており、これらは、その全体において参照することによって本明細書に援用される。
以下の実施例は、本発明の様々な実施態様を説明するために提供される。実施例は、説明であって、本発明をいかなる方法によっても限定するものではない。
表3:FeCl3誘発性障害後の頚動脈閉塞までの時間
Claims (30)
- a)キモトリプシンナンバリングシステムにおける16位のIleがThrまたはMetである;
および
b)キモトリプシンナンバリングシステムにおける17位のValが、ThrまたはSerである;
から選ばれる少なくとも一つの置換を含む、止血を調節する第Xa因子変異体。 - 16位のIleが、Thrである請求項1に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- 17位のValが、Thrである請求項1に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- 17位のValが、Serである請求項1に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- 16位と17位の両方に置換基を含む請求項1に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- キモトリプシンナンバリングシステムにおける18、19または194位に少なくとも一つの置換基を含む請求項1に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- 16位のThr以外のすべての残基が野生型である請求項2に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- 第Xa因子変異体が、野生型第Xa因子と比べて、より長い血漿半減期を有する請求項1に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- 第Xa因子が、軽鎖および重鎖を含み、軽鎖が、配列番号:3と少なくとも80%の相同性を有し、重鎖が、配列番号:5と少なくとも80%の相同性を有する請求項1に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- 16位のIleが、Thrである請求項9に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- 軽鎖が、配列番号:3であり重鎖が、配列番号:5である請求項9に記載の第Xa因子変異体。
- 少なくとも一つの請求項1〜11のいずれか一つに記載の第Xa因子変異体および少なくとも一つの医薬的に許容しうる担体を含む組成物。
- 医薬的に許容しうる担体中の、治療有効量の請求項1〜11のいずれか一つに記載の第Xa因子変異体の投与を含む、それを必要とする患者における止血関連疾患の治療方法。
- 止血関連疾患が、血友病A、血友病B、阻害抗体を伴う血友病AおよびB、凝固因子欠損症、混合FV/FVIII欠損症、ビタミンKエポキシド還元酵素C1欠損症、ガンマカルボキシラーゼ欠損症;外傷、傷害、血栓症、血小板減少症、脳卒中、凝固障害、播種性血管内凝固症候群(DIC)に伴う出血;過剰抗凝固処置疾患;ベルナール・スーリエ症候群、グランツマンの血小板無力症および貯蔵プール欠乏症から選ばれる請求項13に記載の方法。
- 凝固因子欠損症が、少なくとも一つの第VII、IX、X、XI、V、XII、II因子およびフォン・ヴィレブランド因子から選ばれる凝固因子の欠損症である請求項14に記載の方法。
- 過剰抗凝固処置疾患が、ヘパリン、低分子量ヘパリン、五糖類、ワルファリン、小分子抗血栓薬およびFXaインヒビターの投与に起因する請求項14に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一つに記載の第Xa因子変異体をコードする単離された核酸。
- ヒト第X因子変異体をコードする単離された核酸分子であって、
該第X因子変異体が、
a)キモトリプシンナンバリングシステムにおける16位のIleがThrまたはMetである;
および
b)キモトリプシンナンバリングシステムにおける17位のValが、ThrまたはSerである;
から選ばれる少なくとも一つの置換を含む核酸分子。 - 16位のIleが、Thrである請求項18に記載の核酸分子。
- 17位のValが、Thrである請求項18に記載の核酸分子。
- 17位のValが、Serである請求項18に記載の核酸分子。
- 核酸分子が、細胞内切断部位をコードし、該細胞内切断部位が、キモトリプシンナンバリングシステムにおける15位と16位の間であるか、または活性化ペプチドを置き換える請求項17または18に記載の核酸分子。
- 細胞内プロテアーゼ切断部位が、PACE/フーリン切断部位である請求項22に記載の核酸分子。
- 第X因子変異体が、プロペプチド配列および/またはシグナルペプチドを含む請求項18に記載の核酸分子。
- FXポリペプチドがさらに、(i)プロトロンビン由来のプロペプチド配列、(ii)細胞内プロテアーゼ切断部位、および(iii)ThrによるIleに対応するアミノ酸の置換を含む請求項18に記載の核酸分子。
- 調節配列に機能的に連結されたに請求項17〜25のいずれか一つに記載のの核酸を含む発現ベクター。
- アデノウイルスベクター、アデノウイルス関連ベクター、レトロウイルスベクター、プラスミドおよびレンチウイルスベクターから選ばれる請求項に記載のベクター。
- 請求項26に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 宿主脂肪が、CHO細胞である請求項28に記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項29に記載の宿主細胞をインキュベートし、それによって製造されたFXaを精製することを含む活性化第X因子(FXa)の製造方法。
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