JP2015228811A - Cultivation method of paddy rice using salmon compost - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation method of paddy rice for producing a rice with a high score representing taste and with a high value of degree of taste, using a salmon compost.SOLUTION: Paddy rice is cultivated by applying a salmon compost with a C/N ratio of 10.0-11.0 in an amount of 3-6 kg in terms of nitrogen and a salmon compost with a C/N ratio of 7.5-8.5 in an amount of 1.5-4 kg in terms of nitrogen per 10 ares of the rice fields as a basal fertilizer, and applying a salmon compost with the C/N ratio of 7.5-8.5 in an amount of 2-5 kg in terms of nitrogen per 10 ares of the rice fields as an additional fertilizer.

Description

  The present invention is a method for cultivating paddy rice characterized by applying straw compost as the basic fertilizer and additional fertilizer. More specifically, the basic fertilizer has a C / N ratio of 10.0-11. 3 to 6 kg of 0 compost of nitrogen and 1.5 to 4 kg of compost of C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5 in terms of nitrogen are applied as additional fertilizer per 10 ares of Honda. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating paddy rice, characterized by applying 2-5 kg of compost having a / N ratio of 7.5-8.5 in terms of nitrogen.

  In recent years, the Law Concerning the Promotion of the Introduction of Highly Sustainable Agricultural Production Methods (Sustainable Agriculture Act), which is in harmony with the environment that integrates soil creation by compost, etc. and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, has been established. Specific production methods based on such laws have been introduced. In addition, based on the “Law on Promotion of Organic Agriculture” (Organic Agriculture Promotion Law), establishment and dissemination of technologies for further expansion of organic farming efforts and expansion of production areas have been sought (non-patented). Reference 1). Therefore, efforts to address the agricultural system aimed at correcting excessive use of chemical fertilizers and chemically synthesized pesticides and the agricultural system that responds to increasing consumer needs for organic agricultural products are important policy issues.

  In addition, with regard to the creation of “industry” using “local resources” in the sixth industry of agriculture and rural villages in the measures for promoting rural areas, we pursued the possibility of resource utilization, The creation of new industries through the “Technology Revolution” was praised.

  Compost used in organic farming includes “fertilizer” in which plant materials such as straw are cumulatively fermented, “compost” in which livestock manure is deposited and fermented, and organic waste other than agricultural products is deposited and fermented. There are various types of compost, such as compost using composite materials that combine them, and all compost uses organic materials that can be recycled. However, all of these composting technologies are considered to have problems when they are disseminated to the local community where the facilities are large-scale. In addition, in order to make effective use of post-spawning carcasses of spiders that have been run up as compost, research on spider compost using spawning bodies after spawning of such persimmons is also underway, but it has not yet become widespread. .

  On the other hand, paddy rice is cultivated all over Japan, and various cultivation methods have been proposed. For example, in the cultivation of rice, neither root fertilizer nor basic fertilizer is applied, and a rooting promoter is sprayed on the ground surface at 50 to 200 kg per 10 ares, 2 to 16 kg of superphosphate lime per 10 ares, and phosphoric acid is 0.・ Sprinkle up and down on the leaf surface and ground surface as an aqueous solution containing 0.05-0.5% by weight, and develop roots near the ground surface by the synergistic action of rooting promoter and aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid to eliminate straight roots. Nitrogen-free fertilizer rice cultivation method (see Patent Document 1) and rice husk charcoal 50 to 200 kg and basic fertilizer 4 to 40 kg are sprayed on paddy field 10 to which seedlings are transplanted, A rice cultivation method characterized by plowing paddy fields sprayed, then irrigating, and transplanting seedlings (see Patent Document 2), or applying fertilizer and bamboo charcoal to a field where rice has been cut, Containing bamboo charcoal eluted in the field A growing method (see Patent Document 3) characterized by improving the taste of regenerated rice by growing natural mineral components as nutrients has been proposed. The cultivation method of paddy rice that can produce rice with high score and high taste value has not been known.

JP 2003-061490 A JP 2002-027849 A JP 2010-213630 A

Food, Agriculture and Rural Basic Plan March 2010

  The subject of this invention is providing the cultivation method of the paddy rice for producing the rice which has the score which shows a taste, and a high taste value value using cocoon compost.

  In the Nasugawa area of Tochigi Prefecture, one of the abundant unused organic resources is the corpse after the spawning of salmon that goes up to Nasugawa from October to December. The corpse of spiders that have been run up after spawning can rot and cause odors. The inventors of the present invention have been working on the development of a method for producing compost using the carcasses of spiders that have gone up the Nasu River as the main raw material, from the viewpoint of recycling the use of local biological resources. Developed paddy compost for paddy rice seedling that can be used for fertilization. When paddy rice was cultivated using such straw compost as basic fertilizer and additional fertilizer, straw compost having a C / N ratio of 10.0 to 11.0 and straw compost having a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5 were used as the base fertilizer. It is found that rice with high taste and taste can be produced by applying paddy compost with a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5 as additional fertilizer and cultivating paddy rice. The present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention is as disclosed below.
(1) Persimmon compost with a C / N ratio of 10.0 to 11.0 in terms of nitrogen, and a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5 per 10 ares of Honda. Is applied 1.5 to 4 kg in terms of nitrogen, and, as additional fertilizer, 2 to 5 kg of fertilizer compost having a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5 per 10 ares in terms of nitrogen is applied. Rice cultivation method.
(2) The method for cultivating paddy rice as described in (1) above, wherein the basic fertilizer is applied to Honda on any day from 14 days before transplanting rice seedlings to Honda.
(3) The method for cultivating paddy rice according to (1) or (2) above, wherein top dressing is applied to Honda during the young panicle formation period.
(4) The method for cultivating paddy rice according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the rice cultivar is Yudai 21.

  By the paddy rice cultivation method of the present invention, it becomes possible to produce rice having high taste scores and high taste values. Moreover, the use of firewood compost makes it possible to reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and chemically synthesized pesticides, and to build an agricultural system that meets the growing consumer needs for organic agricultural products.

It is a figure which shows the change of the amount of available nitrogen by the change of C / N ratio based on firewood compost AE.

  As the cultivation method of paddy rice of the present invention, as a basic fertilizer, 3 to 6 kg of fertilizer compost having a C / N ratio of 10.0 to 11.0 per 10 ares of Honda in terms of nitrogen, and a C / N ratio of 7.5. -8.5 kg of fertilized compost applied in terms of nitrogen, and 2 to 5 kg of fermented compost having a C / N ratio of 7.5-8.5 per 10 ares of Honda as additional fertilizer. If it is the cultivation method of the paddy rice characterized by applying, it will not restrict | limit especially as basic fertilizer, C / N ratio is 10.0-11.0, C / N ratio is 7.5- By using 8.5 manure compost, initial growth such as tillage is promoted, and as a result, it is possible to improve the score and taste value indicating taste by reducing the protein content of rice. .

  The score indicating the taste is a score obtained by measuring the four components of “moisture”, “protein”, “amylose”, and “fatty acid” with near-infrared light, estimating the taste, and quantifying, for example, It can be determined by AG-RO agricheck (manufactured by Shizuoka Seiki Co., Ltd.). The taste value is a value obtained by measuring the amount of the water retaining film and digitizing the taste, and can be obtained by, for example, a multi-taste meter (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.).

  In the present invention, the basic fertilizer means a fertilizer to be applied to Honda before transplanting paddy rice seedlings into Honda, and examples of the method of spraying the basic fertilizer include full-layer fertilization. Paddy rice means rice cultivated in paddy fields, and examples of paddy rice seedlings include young seedlings, medium-sized seedlings, and adult seedlings, and preferably medium-sized seedlings.

  As the above-mentioned basic fertilizer, it is only necessary to use straw compost having a C / N ratio of 10.0 to 11.0 and straw compost having a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5. Even if it does not need to be used together, it is preferable not to use any fertilizer other than the above-mentioned manure compost.

  The C / N ratio is a weight ratio of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) contained in dry manure fertilizer. When the C / N ratio increases, the amount of available nitrogen decreases and the effect of nitrogen. When the C / N ratio decreases, the amount of available nitrogen increases and the effectiveness of nitrogen increases. The above-mentioned available nitrogen means nitrogen in a form that can be absorbed and utilized by plants with nitrogen in the soil (ammonia nitrogen).

  The C / N ratio of cocoon compost can be adjusted by the mixing ratio between the raw material cocoon and the supplement. Examples of the supplement include rice bran and bran.

  As an application amount of the basic fertilizer in the cultivation method of paddy rice according to the present invention, 3 to 6 kg, preferably 3.5 to 10 in terms of nitrogen for the compost having a C / N ratio of 10.0 to 11.0 per 10 ares of Honda. 5 kg can be mentioned, and about 1.5 to 4 kg, preferably 1.7 to 3 kg in terms of nitrogen can be mentioned for the straw compost having a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5.

  The time for applying the basic fertilizer in the rice cultivation method of the present invention to Honda is from 14 days before transplanting rice seedlings to Honda, preferably 7 days before transplanting to Honda, and more preferably until 7 days before transplanting. Can be any date from 3 days before transplanting to Honda to 2 days after transplanting.

  In the present invention, top fertilization means a fertilizer applied to Honda after the start of cultivation in Honda (after rice planting), and examples of the method of applying top supplement include surface application.

  In the cultivation method of paddy rice of the present invention, the amount of additional fertilization is 2 to 4 kg, preferably 2 to 3.5 kg of fertilizer compost having a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5 per 10 ares of Honda. Can be mentioned.

  As the time when the top dressing in the rice cultivation method of the present invention is applied to Honda, a young panicle formation period, preferably 30 to 15 days before heading, preferably any day from 25 to 20 days before heading is mentioned. Can do. In addition, the said young panicle formation period means from the start time of panicle differentiation to the start time of meiosis.

  As rice varieties in the rice cultivation method of the present invention, Yudai 21, Koshihikari, Hitomebore, Hinohikari, Akitakomachi, Kinuhikari, Nanatsubo, Haenuki, Shinigura, Kirara 397, Asahi no Yume, Nasuhikari, Tochigi no Hoshi And 21 can be preferably mentioned.

  Yudai 21 which is a rice cultivar is a cultivar cultivated by Professor Emeritus Tadanobu Maeda at Utsunomiya University Faculty of Agriculture, and was registered as a variety (Registration No. 18779) on January 14, 2010.

  In the method for cultivating paddy rice of the present invention, preferred methods for harvesting rice include hand-cutting and a method using a binder, and examples of drying methods for rice include sun-drying with rice racking and mechanical drying. It is preferable that it is sun-dried by pouring in terms of improving the score and taste value indicating more taste. Moreover, about threshing and rice hulling, it does not restrict | limit in particular, It can carry out by a regular method.

(Manufacture of firewood compost)
The soot captured in the Naka River flowing through Nasu-Kashiyama City, Tochigi Prefecture was frozen and stored as a raw material. The cryopreserved bag was placed in a heat-resistant plastic bag for sterilization (manufactured by Intellilim Japan) and subjected to high-pressure sterilization at 121 ° C. for 40 minutes using a high-pressure steam sterilizer (STH307FA: manufactured by ADVANTEC). The sterilized rice cake is pulverized with a commercial food processor (R-3D: manufactured by FMI Co., Ltd.), and rice bran and bran are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 so that the moisture content of compost becomes the following predetermined ratio. The replenisher was added and stirred again by the food processor. The mixing ratio was adjusted so that the moisture content of the compost was approximately 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 50%. After stirring, the mixture was placed in a sealable bag with a chuck and incubated at room temperature for 5 weeks. Rice bran used was rice bran obtained from Yudai 21 cultivated with pesticide-free chemical fertilizer, and bran used was bran obtained from wheat cultivated with reduced pesticide and chemical-free fertilizer from Nasutoriyama.

  The cocoon compost produced was measured for the mixing ratio of replenisher, moisture content, total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), C / N ratio, and available nitrogen by the following methods.

(Measurement of moisture content)
After measuring the weight of the petri dish that had been dried at 105 ° C. to a constant weight, about 10 g of the compost produced in the petri dish was collected and weighed. This was dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours or more, and the weight was measured. The reduced weight was regarded as moisture, and the moisture content from undried dry matter to dry matter was calculated.

(Measurement of total nitrogen, total carbon, C / N ratio)
The compost dried at 105 ° C. was pulverized with a pulverizer (Lab Miller LM-L-PLUS: manufactured by Osaka Chemical Co., Ltd.), dried again at 105 ° C., and stored in a desiccator. Thereafter, about 0.03 g was precisely weighed, and total nitrogen and total carbon were measured by a dry combustion method using an NC analyzer (FC-22F: manufactured by Sumika Chemical Analysis Co., Ltd.), and a C / N ratio was calculated.

(Measurement of available nitrogen)
After measuring the moisture content when drying compost at 105 ° C, add 4M KCL (20mL) and distilled water to the wet compost equivalent to 4g of dry compost and add to the water in the compost to calculate 20mL, and add 2M KCL (40mL) to dry compost. It was adjusted to be added to 4 g (compost dry matter weight: solution = 1: 10). Thereafter, the mixture was shaken using a shaker for 60 minutes (RECIPRO SHAKER SR-1: manufactured by TAITEC), centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 minutes with a hybrid cooling centrifuge (manufactured by KUBOTA), and then 5 mL of the supernatant was collected. The available nitrogen was measured by titrating the available nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen) with sulfuric acid having a known concentration by a distillation method.

  The measured results are shown in Table 1.

  Moreover, the change of the available nitrogen by the change of C / N ratio based on the said compost | manure A-E is shown in FIG.

  From Table 1, in the mixing ratio of soot: replenisher, as the soot ratio increased, the water content and total nitrogen increased, and the C / N ratio decreased. Further, from FIG. 1, the available nitrogen decreased as the C / N ratio increased.

(Cultivation method in 2013)
Sowing on April 16, 2013 (Tuesday) in a plastic house in the Utsunomiya University Faculty of Agriculture farm, seeding was sown on April 23, 2013 (Tuesday), and on May 23 (Tuesday) in the same year The seedlings were transported from Utsunomiya University Faculty of Agriculture to Nasu Kashiyama Daikisu, and on the same day, the basic fertilizer per 10 ares of Honda and the above-mentioned Koji compost D143kg (3.94kg in terms of nitrogen) as the fast-acting Koji As the compost, 63 kg of the above-mentioned manure compost F (1.73 kg in terms of nitrogen) was applied by full-layer fertilization, and pricking was performed. On the 26th of May of the same year, the transported seedlings (medium seedlings: leaf age of 4 to 5) that had been raised with firewood compost were transplanted to the Honda 3 Earl of Okisu, Nasu. The seedlings are 21 seedlings grown by adding the above-mentioned straw compost A, B, C, D, E, F to the seedling culture soil, and the application amount of the straw compost is 2 g per box of soil in nitrogen conversion Met. For the seedling cultivation soil, forest subsoil in the farm attached to the Faculty of Agriculture was used. After weeding work on July 6 (Saturday) of the same year, on July 11 (Thu) of the same year, which is the stage of young panicle formation, the above-mentioned firewood compost F109kg (3kg in terms of nitrogen) per 10 ares of Honda ) Was applied as additional fertilizer. On October 6th (Sun) the same year, the harvest 21 is cut using a combination of hand mowing and a binder, dried in the sun with a rice rack, and threshing and graining are performed on November 3 (Sun) in the same year. Obtained.

[Comparative example]
(Manufacture of firewood compost)
The soot captured in the Naka River flowing through Nasu-Kashiyama City, Tochigi Prefecture was frozen and stored as a raw material. The cryopreserved bag was placed in a heat-resistant plastic bag for sterilization (manufactured by Intellilim Japan) and subjected to high-pressure sterilization at 121 ° C. for 40 minutes using a high-pressure steam sterilizer (STH307FA: manufactured by ADVANTEC). A replenisher in which rice bran and bran were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 was added to the sterilized straw so that the moisture content of the compost became the following predetermined ratio, and the mixture was stirred by a concrete mixer or by hand. The mixing ratio was adjusted so that the moisture content of the compost was approximately 20%, 35%, and 50%. After stirring, the mixture was placed in a fermenter (manufactured by Akigaya Seisakusho) and fermented at room temperature for 5 weeks. Rice bran used was rice bran obtained from Yudai 21 cultivated with pesticide-free chemical fertilizer, and bran used was bran obtained from wheat cultivated with reduced pesticide and chemical-free fertilizer from Nasutoriyama. After that, the manure compost produced by mixing and adjusting so that the water content becomes about 20% is made into the manure G, and the manure compost produced by mixing and adjusting so that the water content is about 35%, The manure compost produced by mixing and adjusting to about 50% is called manure compost I. Total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), C / N ratio, and available nitrogen of the produced straw compost G, H, and I were measured in the same manner as in the above-mentioned straw compost production 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

(2012 cultivation method)
Sowing on April 17, 2012 (Tuesday) in a plastic house in the Utsunomiya University Faculty of Agriculture farm, sowing on April 24, 2012 (Tuesday) to grow seedlings, on May 24 (Thursday) The seedlings were transported from Utsunomiya University Faculty of Agriculture to Okisu, Nasu Isoyama City. On May 25 (Fri) of the same year, 108 kg of Honda as a basic fertilizer and 108 kg of the above-mentioned manure compost H3 (3 kg in terms of nitrogen) as a slow-release manure compost were sprayed in a full-layer fertilizer. On the 27th of May of the same year, the transported seedlings (medium seedlings: leaf age of 4 to 5) that had been nurtured with straw compost were transplanted to the paddy field 3 ares of Okisu, Nasu. The seedlings were Yudai 21 seedlings grown by adding the above-mentioned straw compost G, H, I to the seedling culture soil, and the application amount of the straw compost was 2 g per box of soil in terms of nitrogen. The soil for raising seedlings was from the soil attached to the Faculty of Agriculture (the next surface layer or the lower layer soil). After weeding work on July 7th (Sat) in the same year, on July 12th (Thursday), the ear-forming period, per 10 ares of Honda, the above-mentioned firewood compost F105kg (3kg in nitrogen conversion) ) Was applied as additional fertilizer. On September 29 (Sat) of the same year, we harvested 21 using both hand mowing and a binder, dried it in the sun with a rice rack, threshing and culling on October 28 (Sun), Obtained.

(Measurement of taste-related items by taste meter)
Rice obtained by the cultivation method in FY 2013 in Example 1 above is the 15th Rice / Taste Analysis Appraisal Competition: International Convention (November 23 and 24, 2013: Hosted by the Association of Rice and Taste Appraisers) In addition, the rice obtained by the above cultivation method of the comparative example in 2012 is the 14th Rice / Taste Analysis Appraisal Competition: International Convention (held on November 22 and 23, 2012: Hosted by the Association of Rice and Taste Appraisers ). Exhibit No. in each contest of 2012 and 2013 Table 3 shows the measurement results of scores indicating the water, protein, amylose, fatty acid, and taste. Each measurement was performed by the organizer using AG-RO Agricheck (manufactured by Shizuoka Seiki Co., Ltd.).

  As shown in Table 3, the cultivation method of FY 2013, that is, the compost having a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5 together with the compost having a C / N ratio of 10.0 to 11.0 is used as a basic fertilizer. The rice obtained by application had a markedly improved score showing the taste as compared to the rice obtained by the cultivation method in 2012. Moreover, when the moisture content is converted to 15% and the protein content is calculated, 6.17% of rice obtained by the 2013 cultivation method and 6.40 rice obtained by the 2012 cultivation method. It was considered that the improvement in the score indicating the taste by the cultivation method of the present invention was based on the decrease in the protein content. Furthermore, the rice obtained by the cultivation method in FY2013 had a taste value (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) of 87.3 by the organizer of the 15th Rice / Taste Analysis Appraisal Competition. Other exhibition numbers. Since most of the rice had a taste value of 83 or less, it became clear that rice having a very high taste value can be obtained by cultivating paddy rice by the method of the present invention.

  The paddy rice cultivation method of the present invention is used in the field of rice production.

Claims (4)

As a basic fertilizer, per 10 ares of Honda, 3 to 6 kg of compost with a C / N ratio of 10.0 to 11.0 in terms of nitrogen and 3 to 6 kg of compost with a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5 In addition, 1.5 to 4 kg is applied, and, as additional fertilizer, 2 to 5 kg of fertilizer compost having a C / N ratio of 7.5 to 8.5 is applied per 10 ares in terms of nitrogen. Method. The method for cultivating paddy rice according to claim 1, wherein the basic fertilizer is applied to Honda on any day from 14 days before transplanting rice seedlings to Honda. The method for cultivating paddy rice according to claim 1 or 2, wherein top dressing is applied to Honda during the young panicle formation period. 4. The method for cultivating paddy rice according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the variety of the paddy rice is 21.