JP2015182899A - Solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simpler hydroponic method.SOLUTION: There is provided a solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics in which solid fertilizers having dissolving ability corresponding to growth periods of a plant are combined, which contains a pH dependent slow-release solid fertilizer whose solubility varies corresponding to at least changes of pH. The solid fertilizer further contains a water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer. A growth period of a plant is divided into three, an initial period, a middle period and an end period. As a solid fertilizer corresponding to each period, water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer is used corresponding to the initial period fertilizer, and a mixed fertilizer of the water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer and the pH dependent slow-release solid fertilizer are used corresponding to the middle period and the end period fertilizer.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fertilizer used for hydroponics. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics that can continue to supply nutrient components for a long time by dissolving in water.

Hydroponics refers to a cultivation technique in which plants and the like are cultivated using a liquid medium such as liquid fertilizer without using a solid medium such as soil.
Hydroponics, unlike the cultivation method using solid media, uses a liquid medium such as liquid fertilizer, so it is relatively difficult to observe the growth of roots from seeds compared to the cultivation method using solid media. Easy. In addition, hydroponics can be reduced in size and weight when producing plant cultivation kits, and manure management is relatively simple. From these characteristics, hydroponics can be said to be an excellent cultivation technique as a simple and easy cultivation technique for plant growth and observation.

However, in hydroponics, the production and management of liquid fertilizer, which is a nutrient component, requires a relatively large amount of labor. That is, when using liquid fertilizer, the liquid fertilizer stock solution must be diluted. In addition, since the diluent cannot be stored, it must be prepared each time it is used.
Thus, although hydroponics is an excellent cultivation technique, it has a drawback in that it has a relatively large amount of labor for producing liquid fertilizer.

JP 2006-197864 A

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a simpler hydroponics method.

  The inventor has conceived of using slow-acting solid fertilizer in hydroponics.

  That is, slow-acting solid fertilizers are used in cultivation techniques using solid media such as soil. This slow-acting solid fertilizer is used by mixing it with soil or placing it on the soil surface when preparing a solid medium. This minimizes the effort of adding fertilizer to the solid medium and enables cultivation of plants and the like only by replenishing water.

However, currently used slow-acting solid fertilizers are limited to use with solid media and are not expected to be used for hydroponics, and this situation has not changed for decades. The reason for this is as follows.
That is, in the slow-release solid fertilizer, the elution amount of the fertilizer component depends on the water temperature, and the amount of the nutrient component eluted in the water is not constant. Therefore, when slow-release solid fertilizer is dissolved in water and used for liquid fertilization, the EC value in liquid fertilizer becomes unstable, making it very difficult to maintain an EC value suitable for hydroponics. As a result, it is feared that the plant grows unevenly or root rots, and the plant growth cannot be completed.

  In addition, it is conceivable to use normal solid fertilizer that is not slow-acting in addition to water, but in this case, an insoluble binding component (calcium phosphate) is formed by the phosphorus component and the calcium component. Therefore, a liquid fertilizer stock solution cannot be made with one solution, and a dilute solution must be made with two components obtained by separating the phosphorus component and calcium component, and these components must be measured and prepared each time. It must be cumbersome.

  As a result of earnest research, the inventor has found that hydroponics combined with solid fertilizers containing slow-acting solid fertilizers, contrary to the common technical knowledge that has continued for decades that slow-acting solid fertilizers have not been used for hydroponics. The invention of the solid fertilizer composition for cultivation and the hydroponics method using the same was completed.

  In other words, the inventors paid attention to the fact that plants produce organic acids from the roots as they grow, and the slow-release solid fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as “pH-dependent”) whose solubility changes according to changes in pH caused by such organic acids. The present inventors have found that it is possible to control nutrient components and EC values in liquid fertilizer by combining slow-acting solid fertilizer ")" and completed the present invention.

Furthermore, the inventor discovered a new problem regarding the invention of the slow-acting solid fertilizer composition.
In other words, while conducting hydroponics using a slow-acting solid fertilizer composition, we discovered a new problem that the pH of liquid fertilizer became acidic and not necessarily the optimal pH for plants. did. Therefore, the inventor has found that such a problem can be solved by adding a pH-adjusting substance such as a bituminous lime granule or oyster shell to the slow-release solid fertilizer composition. Completed the invention.

The present invention has the following configuration.
The first configuration of the present invention is a solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics that combines solid fertilizers having solubility depending on the growth period of the plant, and the pH at which the solubility changes at least according to the change in pH It is the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics characterized by including a dependence slow-release solid fertilizer.

The 2nd structure of this invention is a solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics as described in 1st structure characterized by including a water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer further as a solid fertilizer.
The third configuration of the present invention is characterized in that it contains any or more of various elemental components of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Ca as the components of the solid fertilizer. It is the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics as described in the 1st or 2nd structure.
According to the fourth configuration of the present invention, the growth period of the plant is divided into three stages of an initial stage, a middle stage, and a final stage, and a water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer is used as a fertilizer corresponding to the initial stage. The hydroponic cultivation according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein a mixed fertilizer comprising a water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer and a pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer is used as a fertilizer corresponding to the middle and final stages It is a solid fertilizer composition.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer is an organic acid-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer whose solubility changes depending on the organic acid generated from the plant. It is the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics as described in the 1st thru | or 4th structure.
A sixth configuration of the present invention is the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to the fifth configuration, wherein the organic acid-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer is a soluble solid fertilizer.
According to a seventh configuration of the present invention, the soluble solid fertilizer includes any one or more of soluble phosphoric acid, soluble potassium, soluble bitter earth, soluble boron, or the like. The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics as described in 1.

The eighth configuration of the present invention is the hydroponic cultivation according to any one of the first to seventh configurations, wherein the pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer is coated to control solubility It is a solid fertilizer composition.
The ninth configuration of the present invention is the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to the eighth configuration, wherein the coating is made of an organic compound.

A tenth aspect of the present invention is the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, further comprising a pH-adjusting solid substance.
An eleventh configuration of the present invention is the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to the tenth configuration, wherein the pH-adjusted solid material is a basic solid material.
The twelfth structure of the present invention is the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to the eleventh structure, wherein the basic solid substance is one or more of inorganic calcium salt and organic calcium. It is a thing.

A thirteenth configuration of the present invention is the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to the first to twelfth configurations, wherein the solid fertilizer is packed with a porous insoluble flexible material. .
A fourteenth configuration of the present invention is a hydroponics method characterized in that the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics described in the first to thirteenth configurations is dissolved in water and used as liquid fertilizer.

According to the present invention, a simpler hydroponics method can be provided. That is, by using the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics of the present invention, it can be used as liquid fertilizer simply by dissolving it in water, and maintenance and management of liquid fertilizer need only supply water, Hydroponics can be done very easily.

The figure which showed state of cultivation of sunflower The figure which showed the state of the tomato 12 days after sowing The figure which showed the state of the tomato 40 days after sowing Figure showing the state of tomato 60 days after sowing Figure showing the state of tomato 80 days after sowing Figure showing the state of tomato 90 days after sowing

  The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics of the present invention will be described, but it goes without saying that the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to this content.

[I. Overview of solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics]
1. The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics of the present invention is composed of a pH-dependent slow-acting solid fertilizer whose solubility changes according to a change in pH as an essential component, and a composition obtained by combining a plurality thereof.
(1) It is preferable that the solid fertilizer further includes a water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer. This makes it possible to effectively supply the initial nutritional components when cultivating plants, etc., and to effectively promote the growth of plants and root vegetables (hereinafter referred to as “plants”). Have.
(2) As a component of solid fertilizer, it is preferable to contain any one or more of various element components of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Ca. This makes it possible to supply nutritional components corresponding to various plants and the like, and has the effect of improving the soundness of plants and the versatility of the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics.
(3) The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics is preferably packed with a porous insoluble flexible material. This makes it possible to combine the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to plants into a single bag, and it can be used as liquid fertilizer simply by adding this bag to water. It has the effect of improving the handleability of the fertilizer composition.
(4) The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics does not need to be limited to the above-described configuration. For example, a fast-acting solid fertilizer is used for the initial growth of plants, etc. It is also possible to use fertilizer.

2. The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics of the present invention preferably further contains a pH-adjusted solid substance. This makes it easier to maintain the pH in the liquid fertilizer at a pH suitable for plants and the like, and thus has the effect of improving the growth efficiency of plants and the like.
3. About pH adjustment solid substance, it is not necessary to limit in particular as long as adjustment of pH in liquid fertilizer is possible, and various pH adjustment solid substances can be used.
(1) A basic solid material is typically used as the pH-adjusting solid material. Thereby, it has the effect that acidification of liquid manure can be prevented.
(2) As the basic solid substance, inorganic calcium salts such as mashed lime granules and organic calcium such as oyster shells may be used.

4). In the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics, the combined water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer and pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer dissolve in response to the growth of plants and the like. This makes it possible to supply nutrient components according to the growth of plants, etc., or to adjust nutrient component supply, and to maintain pH and EC values that allow hydroponics.
5. Therefore, the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics can be used as liquid fertilizer simply by dissolving in water, and the maintenance and management of liquid fertilizer can be performed simply by supplying water. It has the effect that it becomes possible to perform hydroponic cultivation of plants.

6). As an example of the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics, the case where the growth period of a plant is divided into three stages of an initial period, a middle period, and an end period is given.
(1) In this case, the following can be used as solid fertilizers corresponding to each plant growth period.
Plant growth early stage: Water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer Plant growth middle stage and final stage: Water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer and pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer mixed fertilizer
(2) Add the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics containing these solid fertilizer components to water to make liquid fertilizer.
(3) On the container to which this liquid fertilizer has been added, seeds are planted using peat moss and the like, and the nutrient component of the liquid fertilizer is continuously supplied to the seeds by using a capillary phenomenon such as a nonwoven fabric.
(4) Since the roots do not extend from the seeds of plants, etc. at the early stage of plant growth, the pH of liquid fertilizer (water) in hydroponics is neutral and the EC value is low. In this case, water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer will supply nutrient components.
(5) In the middle and final stages of plant growth, the roots are elongated from the seeds of the plant, and organic acids are produced from the roots. The pH of the liquid fertilizer becomes relatively acidic. In this case, the nutrient component is gradually eluted from the pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer having solubility according to the pH, so that the nutrient component is supplied to the plant or the like.

7). Thus, as an optimal use, it can be used by adding a solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics to water at the initial stage of hydroponics such as plants. It is not necessary to limit to this. For example, it can also be used as a so-called supplementary fertilizer application that uses liquid fertilizer containing nutrient components at the beginning of hydroponics and is added after the nutrient components in the liquid fertilizer have decreased.
8). In addition, depending on the target plant, etc., the required nutrients differ depending on the growth period. For example, for tomatoes, it is necessary to ensure stable fertilization because vegetative growth and reproductive growth proceed simultaneously. However, like watermelon, it absorbs nutritional components at the end, and it is necessary to suppress early growth. There is also. What is necessary is just to adjust the pH dependence slow-release solid fertilizer composition in the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to these plants.

[II. Slow-release solid fertilizer]
1. A pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer is defined as a solid fertilizer whose solubility changes with pH.
2. The pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer is not particularly limited as long as the solubility changes depending on pH, and various pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizers can be used.
(1) Examples of such pH-dependent slow-acting solid fertilizer include coated fertilizer covered with a stable film such as a synthetic resin.
(2) As the pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer, it is preferable to use an organic acid-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer whose solubility changes depending on the organic acid generated from plants and the like. Thereby, it becomes easy to adjust elution of a nutrient component according to the growth degree of a plant etc., and it has the effect that development of the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to a plant etc. becomes easy.
(3) It is preferable to use a soluble solid fertilizer as such an organic acid-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer. This makes it possible to use citric acid generated from many plants, facilitates development of a solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics, and has the effect of improving versatility. Thus, any one or a combination of soluble phosphoric acid, soluble potassium, soluble soluble clay, soluble boron can be used as the soluble solid fertilizer.
(4) The pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer should preferably be coated to control solubility. Thereby, it becomes easier to control the solubility of the pH-dependent slow-acting solid fertilizer, and it has the effect of facilitating the development of a solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to plants and the like. As such a coating, a film made of an organic compound such as PE, PVC, PP, or a phenol resin, or an inorganic film such as sulfur, phosphate, or silicate can be used.

3. A water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer is defined as a solid fertilizer that does not depend on pH or the like and gradually dissolves in water (low solubility in water).
4). The water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer does not depend on pH or the like, and is not particularly limited as long as it is gradually dissolved in water, and various water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizers can be used. As such a water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer, for example, slow-release fertilizers such as IB nitrogen and ureaform nitrogen can be used.

5. These pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizers or water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizers may be configured as solid materials such as separate granular materials, or as solid materials such as granular materials mixed with these. May be.
6). In addition, as a guideline for mixing pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer or water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer, adjust the EC value to be in the range of 1-2 mS / cm and adjust the pH to 5.5-7.5. What is necessary is just to prepare.
7). As an example, the following commercially available slow-release solid fertilizers can be mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, respectively, and used for tomato cultivation. In addition, oyster lime (1 g) may be added as a pH adjuster.
(1) Magamp (registered trademark) II
(2) Osmo Coat (registered trademark)
(3) Osmo Coat (registered trademark) High K

  The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics of the present invention will be described using examples, but it goes without saying that the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the contents of the examples.

<< Example 1, Sunflower cultivation using the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics containing a nonwoven fabric >>
1. A fertilizer composition containing a non-woven fabric was prepared by mixing 2 g of each of the following fertilizers in a ratio of 1: 2: 1.
(1) Magamp (registered trademark) II
(2) Osmo Coat (registered trademark)
(3) Osmo Coat (registered trademark) High K
2. The fertilizer composition was added to 400 cc of water in a container with a capacity of about 500 cc, and hydroponics of sunflower was performed using this liquid fertilizer. For sunflower seeds, planted in peat moss expanded with water, so that liquid fertilizer is continuously supplied, attach one end of a thin non-woven fabric to the base of peat moss and immerse the other end in the bottom of the container. It was made to be supplied.
3. When the water in the container decreased after planting the seeds, water was added as appropriate, and no nutrients such as fertilizer were added, and sunflower growth was observed.
4). The results are shown in FIG.
(1) Figure 1 shows the 23rd, 35th, 45th, and 60th days after planting seeds from the left.
(2) As shown in the figure, it was found that the sunflower grows smoothly until the flower blooms.
5. From the above results, it was confirmed that the sunflower flowered in about two months after sowing, and it was confirmed that by using the solid fertilizer composition, it was possible to complete from sowing to flowering only by water supply.

<< Example 2, Tomato cultivation using the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics containing nonwoven fabric >>
1. Tomato cultivation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. For the fertilizer, a fertilizer composition containing a non-woven fabric was prepared and used by mixing 4 g of each of the following fertilizers and pH adjusters in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1.
(1) Magamp (registered trademark) II
(2) Osmo Coat (registered trademark)
(3) Osmo Coat (registered trademark) High K
(4) Granular mashed lime The results are shown in FIGS.
(1) After seeding for each figure, Fig. 2 is day 12, Fig. 3 is day 40, Fig. 4 is day 60, Fig. 5 is day 80, and Fig. 6 is day 90 Indicates.
(2) As shown in the figure, it was found that tomato grows smoothly and reaches fruit.
3. From the above results, it was confirmed that tomatoes were formed in about 3 months after sowing, and it was confirmed that by using a solid fertilizer composition, it was possible to complete the process from sowing to fruiting only by supplementation with water.

Claims (14)

It is a solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics that combines solid fertilizers with solubility depending on the growing season of the plant, and includes at least a pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer whose solubility changes according to changes in pH A solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics.
The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to claim 1, further comprising a water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer as the solid fertilizer.
The component of the solid fertilizer includes any one or more of various element components of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Ca. Solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics.
The plant growth period is divided into three stages: early, middle, and final stages. As solid fertilizers that correspond to each, a water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer that corresponds to the initial stage, and fertilizers that correspond to the mid and final stages. The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a mixed fertilizer comprising a water-soluble slow-release solid fertilizer and a pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer is used.
The hydroponics according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer is an organic acid-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer whose solubility changes depending on an organic acid generated from a plant. Solid fertilizer composition for cultivation.
The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to claim 5, wherein the organic acid-dependent slow-release solid fertilizer is a soluble solid fertilizer.
The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to claim 6, wherein the soluble solid fertilizer contains one or more of soluble phosphoric acid, soluble potassium, soluble soluble clay, and soluble boron. object.
The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the pH-dependent slow-acting solid fertilizer is coated with a coating for controlling solubility.
The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to claim 8, wherein the coating is made of an organic compound.
The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a pH-adjusted solid substance.
The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to claim 10, wherein the pH-adjusted solid substance is a basic solid substance.
The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to claim 11, wherein the basic solid substance is one or a plurality of inorganic calcium salts and organic calcium.
13. The solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to claim 1, wherein the solid fertilizer or the pH-adjusted solid substance is packed with a porous insoluble flexible material.
A hydroponics method comprising dissolving the solid fertilizer composition for hydroponics according to any one of claims 1 to 13 in water and using it as liquid fertilizer.