JP2015168486A - Elevator emergency stop device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a temperature rise of dampers of an emergency stop device provided in an elevator without complicating structure of the emergency stop device.SOLUTION: An elevator emergency stop device 4 comprises: a pair of wedged dampers 41 that hold a guide rail 2 vertically arranged in a hoistway 21 of an elevator 100; inclined bodies 44 arranged on back sides of the dampers; an elastic body 43 that imparts energizing force to the inclined bodies; and a hoisting member 42 that changes relative positions between the dampers and cars in case of emergency. Each of the dampers has: a friction material 41b provided so as to protrude to a face opposing to the guide rail; a heat absorption material 41c that is provided around the friction material and has heat conductivity higher than that of the friction material; and a support 41d that holds the friction material and the heat absorption material and is formed in a wedge shape.

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator emergency stop device that mechanically stops a car when an abnormality occurs, and more particularly to an elevator emergency stop device that generates a braking force by pressing a brake element against a guide rail.

  An example of a conventional elevator emergency stop device is described in Patent Document 1. In the emergency stop device described in this publication, a coolant is sprayed on the brake during operation of the brake so as to effectively suppress the temperature rise of the brake and enable response to a higher-speed elevator. .

  Another example of a conventional elevator emergency stop device is described in Patent Document 2. In the emergency stop device described in this publication, in order to suppress the temperature rise of the friction material and to generate a stable braking force up to a high speed and a large capacity, the brake is provided with a plurality of friction materials and a support that supports the friction material. It consists of a body. The friction material is composed of a first friction material disposed at the head in the direction in which the car falls and a second friction material positioned on the rear side of the first friction material, and the thermal conductivity of the first friction material is the first. 2 Set higher than the thermal conductivity of the friction material.

JP 2000-355473 A JP 2012-232812 A

  In the emergency stop device described in Patent Document 1, the structure of the emergency stop device is complicated because the coolant and the cooling means are installed in the emergency stop device. Therefore, when the emergency stop device is operated, it can be operated without using electrical control. Therefore, as the number of parts increases, the reliability decreases. Therefore, in the emergency stop device having a complicated structure, it is necessary to ensure reliability for reliably operating each part of the device.

  The emergency stop device described in Patent Document 2 uses a friction material having a high thermal conductivity and a friction material having a low thermal conductivity as the friction material. Therefore, when the emergency stop operation starts, the guide rail always has a low temperature. The heat of the friction material on the leading side that contacts the heat is transferred to the support side to suppress the temperature rise of the sliding contact surface and prevent the friction material from deteriorating. On the other hand, heat dissipation of the friction material on the subsequent side is suppressed, and the amount of heat transfer to the support is controlled to prevent deformation of the support. However, in the emergency stop device described in Patent Document 2, in a higher-speed elevator, the heat generated by all the friction materials is efficiently radiated so that the temperature of the sliding surface of the friction material is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature. Preventing deterioration is not fully considered.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to reduce the temperature rise of the brake element of the emergency stop device without complicating the structure of the emergency stop device provided in the elevator. .

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pair of wedge-shaped brakes that sandwich guide rails arranged in the vertical direction in a hoistway of an elevator, and an inclined body arranged on the back side of the brakes. An elevator emergency stop device comprising: an elastic body that applies an urging force to the inclined body; and a lifting member that changes a relative position between the brake and the car in an emergency. The brake element includes a friction material that protrudes from a surface facing the guide rail, a heat absorbing material that is provided around the friction material and has a higher thermal conductivity than the friction material, the friction material, and the heat absorption material. And holding a material and having a support formed in a wedge shape.

  According to the present invention, in the emergency stop device provided in the elevator, the sliding heat generated in the friction material of the brake when the abnormality occurs is absorbed and radiated by the material having high thermal conductivity around the friction material. Thus, it is possible to reduce the temperature rise of the brake element of the emergency stop device without complicating the structure of the emergency stop device.

  Other objects, operations and effects of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.

It is a front view around the car of one example of an elevator concerning the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view around the elevator car shown in FIG. 1. It is a front view at the time of non-operation of the emergency stop device with which the elevator shown in FIG. 1 is provided. It is a front view explaining the operation state of an emergency stop device. FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view of the brake piece shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the brake piece shown in FIG. 5.

  Hereinafter, an emergency stop device for an elevator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view around a car 1 of an embodiment of an elevator 100 equipped with an emergency stop device 4, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view thereof. The car 1 provided with the car door 1a is connected to a drive system having a hoisting machine and a sheave (not shown) on the top floor of the building by a rope 3 attached to the upper part by a known configuration. Further, a governor rope (not shown) is also connected to the car 1 and is used by the governor to control the speed of the car. In these drawings, details of the door opener and outer frame are omitted for the sake of simplicity.

  On both sides of a hoistway 21 in which the car 1 moves up and down, guide rails 2 for guiding the car 1 to move up and down are provided. A pair of guide rails 2 are arranged so as to face both sides of the car 1. Rail guides 1 b and 1 c are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the car 1 so as to sandwich the guide rail 2.

  Furthermore, an emergency stop device 4 is provided at the bottom of the car 1 for braking the car 1 when the car 1 descends beyond the speed limit. As will be described in detail later, the emergency stop device 4 includes a pair of brake elements 41 that abut on the guide rail 2, an inclined body 44 that supports the brake elements 41 from the back side of the brake element 41, and a rear surface of the inclined body 44. And a U-shaped elastic body 43 that applies a pressing force to the pair of brake elements 41 from the side. Here, in FIG. 2, the details of the emergency stop device 4 are illustrated in a simplified manner, but actually the U-shaped elastic body 43 is held by the housing 46. The brake 41 is brought into contact with the guide rail 2 by the pressing force of the elastic body 43 to brake the fall of the car 1.

  Details of the emergency stop device 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 are front views of the safety device 4. Here, FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state during normal operation in which the emergency stop device 4 is not operating, and FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an emergency operation state when the emergency stop device 4 is operated.

  The emergency stop device 4 includes a pair of brake elements 41 that are fixed to the wall of the hoistway 21 and arranged symmetrically with respect to the guide rail 2 having a T-shaped cross section extending in the vertical direction. The brake element 41 has a trapezoidal columnar shape (wedge shape), the side facing the guide rail 2 is a substantially vertical surface, the anti-guide rail side surface (rear surface) is a smooth surface, and the width becomes narrower toward the upper side. It has become a shape. On the side of the brake element 41 facing the guide rail, a friction material 41b described later is exposed.

  A roller 45 in which a plurality of cylindrical roller members are arranged in the vertical direction is provided on the back side of the brake element 4. An inclined body 44 is disposed on the outer side (back side) of the roller 45. The inclined body 44 has a trapezoidal columnar shape (wedge shape) with a short bottom side and a long top side, a back surface is a substantially vertical surface, and a surface 44a on the front surface (braking element 41 side) is an inclined smooth surface. It has become.

  The inclined surface 44a on the front surface side of the inclined body 44 has a complementary relationship with the inclined surface 41a on the rear surface side of the brake element 41, and the inclined surface 44a of the inclined body 44 and the inclined surface 41a of the brake element 41 are the same. It is parallel. The outer surface of the inclined body 44 is held by a U-shaped elastic body 43. The elastic body 43 can bias the inclined body 44 with a spring force. When the elastic body 43 is free, a predetermined gap is secured between the front surface of the brake element 41 and the guide rail 2. A housing 46 is provided to hold the elastic body 43, the roller 45, the inclined body 44, and the brake element 41.

  In order to hold the brake element 41, a bottom surface portion, a side surface portion bent upward at a right angle from the bottom surface portion, and a lifting member 42 having a lifting rod 42a having one end portion fixed to the side surface portion and extending vertically upward are provided. ing. The lifting member 42 is provided in each of the pair of safety devices 4, and the lifting rod 42 a extends along each of the guide rails 2 arranged on the left and right. The upper parts of the pair of left and right lifting rods 42a are connected to each other, and a holding part that holds and holds the governor rope is provided in the vicinity of the connecting part.

  In the emergency stop device 4 configured in this way, when the governor rope descending speed detected by a governor (not shown) exceeds the set speed, the governor rope stops moving by the governor rope gripping operation. The governor rope holding portion relatively lifts the lifting rod 42a. That is, the car 1 continues to descend rapidly, but the pulling rod 42a that has fallen with the car 1 until then is decelerated by the governor rope. The dropping speed of the brake element 41 mounted on the lifting member 42 to which the lifting rod 42a is connected at the lower end also decreases. As a result, the brake element 41 is raised relative to the casing 46, the inclined body 44, the elastic body 43, and the roller 45 that are lowered together with the car 1. This is shown in FIG.

  When the brake element 41 rises relative to the inclined body held by the elastic body 43, the bottom surface of the brake element 41 and the bottom surface portion of the lifting member 42 are arranged so that the brake element 41 can move with low resistance. Each is formed on a smooth surface to reduce friction. On the other hand, since the roller 45 that can move up and down with low resistance is interposed between the inclined surface 44a of the inclined body 44 and the inclined surface 41a of the brake 41, each inclined surface 41a, 44a is smooth along the inclination direction. Can be moved to.

  When the brake element 41 moves in the vertical direction relative to the inclined body 44, the brake element 41 moves in the horizontal direction because the brake element 41 moves along the inclined surfaces 41a and 44a. Then, the guide rail 2 approaches and abuts from both the left and right sides. At that time, the urging force of the elastic body 43 is urged to the contact surface. Due to the urging force of the elastic body 43, a frictional force obtained by multiplying the urging force by a dynamic friction coefficient is generated between the guide rail 2 and the brake element 41. Due to the braking action by this frictional force, the car 1 is gradually decelerated and stopped.

  Here, the braking force required for the safety device 4 is directly proportional to the falling mass. It also depends on the drop speed. This is because the friction coefficient between the brake element 41 and the guide rail 2 becomes smaller as the braking force descends faster. Therefore, in the high-speed elevator, the braking force required for the emergency stop device 4 is relatively larger than that for low-rise buildings with high demand. As a result, the frictional force to be generated between the brake element 41 and the guide rail 2 increases, and the heat generation of the brake element 41 due to this frictional heat becomes significant.

  Conventionally, cast iron has often been used on the surface where the brake element 41 is in sliding contact with the guide rail 2. This is because the friction coefficient is large and the wear resistance is high. In addition, when the emergency stop device 4 is activated, a situation in which the car 1 becomes uncontrollable due to wear of the brake 41 during sliding due to frictional heat must be avoided most. Abrasion is required. Under the operating conditions of the elevator operated at a relatively low speed, since the heat generated in the brake 44 is small, the cast iron brake 41 can sufficiently avoid wear.

  However, in spite of the increase in the braking force required for high-speed elevators, the installation space of the building where the elevators are installed is gradually becoming smaller, so the emergency stop device 4 must be downsized. Yes. Therefore, in order to improve the friction and wear characteristics of the brake, various heat-resistant alloys and ceramics having excellent heat resistance are used for the sliding contact portion of the brake.

  An example of the brake element 41 used in the emergency stop device 4 according to the present invention with improved heat resistance and wear resistance will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the brake element 41, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the brake element 41. Only one of the pair of brake elements 41 is shown, but the other brake element 41 has the same shape and is made symmetrical.

  The brake element 41 includes a wedge-shaped support body 41d, a plurality of (three in the figure) friction members 41b arranged on the front surface side of the support body 41d, and a heat absorbing material 41c disposed around the friction material 41b. have. The friction material 41b is in sliding contact with the guide rail 2 and is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is fitted and held in a recess formed on the front surface side of the support body 41d. Three friction members 41b are arranged per one brake element 41 in the moving direction of the car 1, that is, three in the vertical direction and spaced in the vertical direction.

  The heat-absorbing material 41c is a member having a predetermined thickness that fits into a depression in a rectangular region that is continuously provided around the depression for holding the friction material 41b formed on the support body 41d. In a state where the heat absorbing material 41c is fitted and held on the support body 41d, the friction material 41b protrudes from the surface of the support body 41d by a predetermined amount and is held.

  Here, the friction material 41b is a material excellent in heat resistance and wear resistance, for example, ceramics such as silicon nitride, and the support 41d has a high tensile strength so as to withstand the urging force of the elastic body 43, for example. Cast iron is used. The heat absorbing material 41c is made of a metal material such as a copper alloy having a heat conductivity of 100 to 400 W / (m · K) and having a high heat conductivity. The rate is higher than the thermal conductivity of the friction material 41b, and is provided in close contact with the friction material 41b so that the contact thermal resistance with the friction material 41b is reduced.

  In the elevator 100 using the brake element 41 configured as described above, if an abnormality such as a sudden drop of the car 1 occurs due to some trouble, the speed of the car 1 is illustrated before the speed exceeds 1.4 times the rated speed. The governor rope gripping action of the governor that does not occur occurs. As a result, the friction material 41b attached to the brake element 41 of the emergency stop device 4 is pressed against the guide rail 2 and slides. At that time, a braking force is generated by the frictional force generated between the friction material 41b and the guide rail 2, and the car 1 is braked by the braking force.

  The friction material 41b rises in temperature due to frictional heat at the time of braking, and becomes high temperature. However, the heat absorbing material 41c having high thermal conductivity disposed around the friction material 41b absorbs the heat of the friction material 41b. The temperature rise of the material 41b can be reduced.

  Further, the heat absorbing material 41 c is disposed on the front surface of the support body 41 d so that the heat absorbing material 41 c is exposed to the space in the housing 46. As a result, heat radiation from the heat absorbing material 41c to the space in the housing, and hence into the hoistway 21 is expected. As described above, an efficient heat transfer path from the surface of the friction material 41b which is a heat generating portion to the heat absorbing material 41c and then from the surface of the heat absorption material 41c to the space in the hoistway 21 is secured. An excessive temperature rise can be prevented.

  According to the present embodiment, since the temperature rise of the friction material 41b can be reduced, it is possible to suppress the wear amount of the friction material 41b when braking the elevator car 1. Further, since the friction material 41b is held by the support 41d made of a material having a high tensile strength, it is possible to prevent the brake element 41 from being damaged by the frictional force generated in the friction material 41b during braking.

  In the above embodiment, the heat resistance is improved by using a non-metal such as ceramics for the friction material of the brake. However, ceramic sliding contact parts are more expensive than metals, and there are some differences in mechanical and sliding characteristics between parts compared to metals, and some have heat storage effects. There is also a request to use. If the present invention is used, the temperature rise in the friction material can be reduced, so that wear of the friction material can be suppressed even if a metal braking element is used in a braking region that could not be used conventionally.

  In the above embodiment, the emergency stop device is provided on the car side. However, the emergency stop device may be provided on the counterweight side. In addition, one emergency stop device is provided at the bottom of the car, but the emergency stop device is provided at the bottom of the car and on both guide rails. Power may be increased.

  In the above-described embodiment, the heat absorbing material is a metal having a predetermined thickness. However, a paint having high thermal conductivity and heat dissipation may be applied around the friction material. In this case, the brake element can be manufactured more easily, the adhesion between the friction material and the heat absorbing material can be increased, and the contact thermal resistance can be reduced. Furthermore, although three friction materials are arranged up and down per brake, the number of friction materials is not limited to this. Also, a plurality of brake elements may be arranged. In any case, it is preferable that the contact with the guide rail can be performed evenly and sufficient heat dissipation can be performed.

  The said Example is an illustration to the last, and this invention is not limited to the Example mentioned above. The present invention includes various conceivable forms without departing from the gist of the present invention described in the claims.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Ride car, 1a ... Car door, 1b, 1c ... Rail guide, 2 ... Guide rail, 3 ... Rope, 4 ... Emergency stop device, 21 ... Hoistway, 41 ... Brake, 41a ... Inclined surface, 41b ... Friction 41c ... heat absorbing material, 41d ... support, 42 ... lifting member, 42a ... lifting rod, 43 ... elastic body, 44 ... inclined body, 44a ... inclined surface, 45 ... roller, 46 ... housing, 100 ... elevator .

Claims (6)

A pair of wedge-shaped brakes sandwiching guide rails arranged vertically in an elevator hoistway, an inclined body arranged on the back side of the brake element, and an elastic body for applying a biasing force to the inclined body And an elevator emergency stop device capable of emergency stopping the car, comprising a lifting member that changes the relative position of the brake and the car in an emergency.
The brake element includes a friction material that protrudes from a surface facing the guide rail, a heat absorbing material that is provided around the friction material and has a higher thermal conductivity than the friction material, the friction material, and the heat An elevator emergency stop device characterized by having an absorbent material and a support formed in a wedge shape.   2. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1, wherein the heat absorption material has a thermal conductivity of 100 to 400 W / (m · K).   3. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1, wherein a surface of the heat absorbing material faces the guide rail side. 4.   3. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1, wherein a surface of the heat absorbing material is positioned on a side opposite to the guide rail with respect to the friction material. 4.   3. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the friction materials are arranged in a vertical direction of the support body.   The emergency stop device for an elevator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat absorbing material is formed of a heat conductive paint into a film shape.

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