JP2015118021A - Deterioration detection apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a deterioration detection apparatus configured to accurately detect deterioration of a second battery regardless of a length of a suspension period.SOLUTION: A deterioration detection apparatus 2 includes: an SOH detection unit 29 which detects deterioration of a secondary battery 4, on the basis of a charging state difference ΔSOC and an integrated value detected by a charge/discharge current integration unit 24 which detects the integrated value of charge/discharge current from the end of the previous suspension period to the start of the latest suspension period; and a correction unit 25 which corrects the integrated value of the charge/discharge current. When a suspension period determination unit 23 determines that the latest suspension period is less than a predetermined period, the correction unit 25 corrects the integrated value of the charge/discharge current, on the basis of the latest suspension period. When the suspension period determination unit determines that the latest suspension period is less than the predetermined period, the SOH detection unit 29 detects deterioration, on the basis of the integrated value of the charge/discharge current corrected by the correction unit 25.

Description

  The present invention relates to a deterioration state detection device that detects a deterioration state of a secondary battery.

  Due to the deterioration of the secondary battery based on the full charge capacity of the secondary battery calculated from the amount of change in the charging rate during the capacity calculation cycle of the secondary battery and the current integrated value during the capacity calculation cycle A technique for estimating a charging rate in consideration of a change in full charge capacity is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2012-185124 A

  It takes a long time (about 24 hours) for the electronic state in the secondary battery to become uniform after the secondary battery enters the resting state. For this reason, in the above technique, when the charge rate is estimated after a short pause (several minutes to several hours), the electronic state in the secondary battery is not sufficiently uniform, and thus the estimated value error There is a problem that the detection accuracy of the deterioration state of the secondary battery based on the estimated value may deteriorate.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a deterioration state detection device capable of accurately detecting the deterioration state of a secondary battery regardless of the length of the downtime.

  The present invention corrects the integrated amount of charge / discharge current of the secondary battery based on the suspension time when the suspension time of the secondary battery is less than the predetermined time, and based on the corrected integrated amount, The above-described problem is solved by detecting the deterioration state of the battery.

  According to the present invention, when the suspension time of the secondary battery is less than the predetermined time, the amount of charge / discharge current of the secondary battery is corrected based on the suspension time, regardless of the length of the suspension time. The deterioration state of the secondary battery can be detected with high accuracy.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a vehicle equipped with a deterioration state detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart when the deterioration state detection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention detects the deterioration state of the secondary battery.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a vehicle 1 provided with a deterioration state detection device 2 in the present embodiment.

  The vehicle 1 provided with the deterioration state detection device 2 in the present embodiment is, for example, an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle 1 includes a battery load 3 including a motor, a secondary battery 4, and a notification device 5 in addition to the deterioration state detection device 2. In the present embodiment, the secondary battery 4 is composed of a lithium ion secondary battery or the like, and the secondary battery 4 discharges to the battery load 3, regenerative power generated by the battery load 3, or the like or an external power source ( It is possible to perform charging with electric power (not shown).

  The deterioration state detection device 2 is a device that detects the deterioration state (hereinafter also referred to as SOH) of the secondary battery 4 after the end of a pause time (described later), and includes a timer 21, an event occurrence determination unit 22, and a pause time. The determination part 23, the charging / discharging electric current integration part 24, the correction | amendment part 25, the SOC detection part 27, the charge condition difference detection part 28, the SOH detection part 29, and the memory | storage part 29B are provided.

  The timer 21 is a device that measures a time during which the secondary battery 4 is in a resting state (hereinafter also referred to as a resting time). In addition, this dormant state is a state in which the secondary battery 4 is not charged or discharged, for example. As shown in FIG. 1, the timer 21 is connected to an event occurrence determination unit 22 that determines the presence / absence of an event that has occurred in the vehicle 1, the type thereof, and the like. Based on the end determination, the rest time of the secondary battery 4 is measured.

  Note that this event is, for example, a trip from when the driver starts driving the vehicle 1 to the end of the driving or charging of the secondary battery 4 at a charging station or the like, and then ends the charging. The charging process until it is done, or the state where the power switch of the vehicle 1 is stopped while being on.

  The downtime determination unit 23 determines whether the downtime of the secondary battery 4 measured by the timer 21 is 24 hours or more. The result of the determination is sent to the correction unit 25.

  The charge / discharge current integrating unit 24 has a function of measuring the charge / discharge current flowing between the terminals of the secondary battery 4, and from the end ta of the previous pause time in the secondary battery 4, The integrated amount of charge / discharge current flowing between the terminals of the secondary battery 4 (ｔIdt (where the left integral is a constant integral from time ta to tb)) is measured until the start time tb.

  The correction unit 25 determines the accumulated amount of charge / discharge current (∫) measured by the charge / discharge current integration unit 24 when the suspension time determination unit 23 determines that the latest suspension time of the secondary battery 4 is less than 24 hours. Idt) is corrected. The correction unit 25 has a function of determining the strength of the correlation between ΔSOC (described later) detected by the charge state difference detection unit 28 and the downtime of the secondary battery 4 measured by the timer 21. If the correlation is strong, the above correction is performed. A specific method for performing the correction will be described later.

  The counter 26 counts the number of times the secondary battery 4 repeats the charge / discharge cycle (hereinafter also referred to as charge / discharge cycle number) based on the accumulated amount of the charge / discharge current measured by the charge / discharge current integrating unit 24. Specifically, the counter 26 accumulates the discharge capacity from the start of the first use of the secondary battery 4 based on the charge / discharge current accumulated by the charge / discharge current accumulation unit 24, and calculates the accumulated amount of the discharge capacity. The number of charge / discharge cycles of the secondary battery 4 is calculated by dividing by the initial battery capacity of the secondary battery 4. Then, the counter 26 sends the charge / discharge cycle number to the correction unit 25.

  The SOC detection unit 27 has a function of measuring the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 4, the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 4, and the state of charge of the secondary battery 4 (hereinafter also referred to as SOC). A map representing the relationship is provided in advance. Then, based on the measured open-circuit voltage of the secondary battery 4 and the map, the SOC of the secondary battery 4 is detected at the start and end of the rest time of the secondary battery 4. The detected SOC of the secondary battery 4 is sent to the charge state difference detection unit 28.

  The charge state difference detection unit 28 stores the SOC of the secondary battery 4 sent from the SOC detection unit 27 at the end of the previous pause time, and the SOC at the end of the previous pause time and the latest pause. A difference (hereinafter also referred to as ΔSOC) from the SOC sent from the SOC detector 27 at the start of the state is detected. Then, the detected ΔSOC is sent to the correction unit 25 and the SOH detection unit 29.

The SOH detection unit 29 detects ΔSOC detected by the charge state difference detection unit 28, the integrated amount of charge / discharge current measured by the charge / discharge current integration unit 24, and the initial use of the secondary battery 4 stored in the storage unit 29B. Based on the full charge amount _{Qmax, i} , the SOH of the secondary battery 4 is detected, and the weighted average value SOHn _{, ave} of the SOH is calculated. Next, the weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} of the SOH is sent to the notification device 5.

The storage unit 29B stores the full charge amount Q _{max, i} at the initial use of the secondary battery 4 _, and also stores the weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} of the SOH calculated by the SOH detection unit 29.

The notification device 5 notifies the driver of the vehicle 1 of the SOH of the secondary battery 4 to the driver of the vehicle 1 based on the magnitude of the weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} of the SOH detected by the SOH detection unit 29. To do.

  Next, processing when detecting the SOH of the secondary battery 4 by the deterioration state detection device 2 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a flowchart when the deterioration state detection device 2 in the present embodiment detects the SOH of the secondary battery 4.

  First, as step S11, when the event occurrence determination unit 22 determines the start or end of an event, the timer 21 measures the latest pause time of the secondary battery 4 based on the determination. Next, the latest measured pause time is sent to the pause time determination unit 23.

  Next, in step S12, the rest time determination unit 23 determines whether or not the latest rest time of the secondary battery 4 is 24 hours or more. If the pause time determination unit 23 determines that the pause time is 24 hours or longer, the process proceeds to step S13.

  In step S13, the SOC of the secondary battery 4 detected by the SOC detection unit 27 at the start of the latest pause time and the SOC of the secondary battery 4 detected by the SOC detection unit 27 at the end of the previous pause time are calculated. The charge state difference detection unit 28 detects the difference ΔSOC and sends the ΔSOC to the SOH detection unit 29.

Next, in step S14, the SOH detection unit 29 obtains the full charge capacity _Qmax of the secondary battery 4 based on the following equation (1). The full charge capacity Q _max means the capacity of the secondary battery 4 when SOC = 100%.

Q _max = (∫Idt) / ΔSOC × 100 (1)
In the above formula (1), ∫Idt is a constant integral from the end time ta of the secondary battery 4 to the start time tb of the latest rest time, and the charge / discharge current integrating portion The value measured by 24.

Next, in step S15, the SOH detector 29 obtains SOH (SOH _n ) after the latest rest time (after the nth rest time) of the secondary battery 4 based on the following equation (2).
SOH _n = Q _max / Q _{max, i} (2)
Note that Q _{max, i} is the full charge amount in the initial use of the secondary battery 4 stored in the storage unit 29B.

Next, in step S16, the SOH detector 29 calculates a weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} of the SOH based on the following equation (3). Then, the storage unit 29B stores the weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} .

SOH _{n, ave} = ((n−1) × SOH _{n−1, ave} + SOH _n ) / n (3)
SOH _{n−1, ave} is a value calculated by the SOH detection unit 29 and stored in the storage unit 29B after the previous stop time (n−1 stop time) ends.

The weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} calculated in this way is sent to the notification device 5 (step S17), and the process in the degradation state detection device 2 is terminated. Thereafter, the notification device 5 notifies the driver if necessary according to the weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} .

  Next, the case where the latest suspension time of the secondary battery 4 is less than 24 hours in Step S12 (“No” in Step S12) will be described. If the latest pause time of the secondary battery 4 is less than 24 hours, the process proceeds to step S18.

  In step S18, the SOC of the secondary battery 4 detected by the SOC detection unit 27 at the start of the latest pause time and the SOC of the secondary battery 4 detected by the SOC detection unit 27 at the end of the previous pause time are calculated. The charge state difference detection unit 28 detects the difference ΔSOC and sends the ΔSOC to the correction unit 25.

Next, in step S <b> 19, the correction unit 25 determines the strength of the correlation between ΔSOC detected in step S <b> 18 and the latest rest time of the secondary battery 4. Specifically, the correction unit 25 has a map (Table 1 below) indicating a correlation coefficient (R ² ) between the latest downtime of the secondary battery 4 and ΔSOC in advance, The determination is made by referring to the map.

  When creating this map (Table 1), first, for a vehicle equipped with a secondary battery of a predetermined capacity, event execution and pause time acquisition are performed at random, and ΔSOC during each pause time acquired. , And each pause time t (the pause time started after the event corresponding to ΔSOC) is measured. Next, the plurality of acquired data (ΔSOC, t) is divided into a total of 70 groups (ΔSOC has 10 levels, and the downtime t has 7 levels) according to the difference between the value of ΔSOC and the value of downtime t, The map is created by obtaining the correlation coefficient for the data for each group. The data (ΔSOC, t) was acquired until at least 10 pieces of the data were included in each group.

  In the present embodiment, the correction unit 25 has a strong correlation between ΔSOC and the downtime t when the correlation coefficient in the above Table 1 is 0.1 or more (“◯” portion in Table 1). Judge as a thing. On the other hand, when the correlation coefficient is less than 0.1 (“x” portion in Table 1), the correction unit 25 determines that the correlation between ΔSOC and the downtime t is weak. Note that the value of the correlation coefficient serving as a reference for determining the strength of the correlation between ΔSOC and the downtime t is not particularly limited. The above map (Table 1) in the present embodiment corresponds to an example of “a map indicating a correlation coefficient between the latest pause time and the charge state difference” of the present invention.

  In this embodiment, when the correlation coefficient is 0.1 or more (in the case of “◯” in Table 1), the process proceeds to step S20.

  In step S20, the correction unit 25 calculates the correction coefficient A based on the number of charge / discharge cycles and the latest pause time. The correction coefficient A is obtained with reference to a map (Table 2 below) that the correction unit 25 has in advance. For example, when the number of charge / discharge cycles measured by the counter 26 is 50 and the latest pause time is 10 hours at the time of detection by the deterioration state detection device 2, “1.0018” in Table 2 below. Is adopted as the correction coefficient A.

  When creating this map (Table 2), first, charge a secondary battery of a predetermined capacity from the SOC 0% state at a charge rate of 1C to 100% SOC, and after 10 minutes of rest, discharge at a discharge rate of 1C. And set the SOC to 0%. This is defined as one cycle, and the cycle is repeated a predetermined number of times (repetition number N) with a 10-minute rest period between each cycle. Next, the discharge capacity P when charging / discharging was performed at a charge / discharge rate of 0.2 C with a predetermined pause time (referred to as pause time T) was obtained, and the discharge time was similarly obtained with the pause time T being 24 hours. A correction coefficient A is set as a ratio to the capacity Q (A = P / Q).

  For example, in Table 1, when calculating the value “1.0047” when the pause time is “1 hour or more and less than 9 hours” and the number of charge / discharge cycles is “101 times to 200 times”, first, the above repetition number N is set to The discharge capacity P is determined with 100 times and a rest time T of 1 hour. The value is obtained by calculating the ratio (P / Q) with respect to the discharge capacity Q obtained by setting the repetition number N to 100 times in the same manner and the rest time T being 24 hours. In this way, the correction coefficient A is calculated for each condition of the number of charge / discharge cycles and the downtime T.

Next, in step S21, the correction integrated amount (A × ∫Idt) is obtained by multiplying the integrated amount (∫Idt) of the charge / discharge current measured by the charge / discharge current integration unit 24 by the correction coefficient A obtained in step S20. Is calculated. Then, the corrected full charge capacity Q _{max, r} of the secondary battery 4 is obtained based on the following equation (4).

Q _{max, r} = (A × ∫Idt) / ΔSOC × 100 (4)
In the above equation (4), ∫Idt is a definite integral from the end time ta of the previous stop time to the start time tb of the latest stop time, and ΔSOC is detected by the charge state difference detection unit 28. The charged state difference of the secondary battery 4 is.

Next, in step S22, the corrected SOH (SOH _{n, r} ) of the secondary battery 4 is obtained based on the following formula (5).
SOH _{n, r} = Q _{max, r} / Q _{max, i} (5)

Next, the SOH detection unit 29 calculates a weighted average value using the SOH _{n, r} (step S16), and the storage unit 29B stores the weighted average value. Moreover, the said weighted average value is sent to the alerting | reporting apparatus 5 (step S17), and the process in the degradation state detection apparatus 2 is complete | finished.

  In step S19, when the correlation coefficient is less than 0.1 (in the case of “x” in Table 1), the process proceeds to step S23.

In step S23, the full charge capacity _Qmax of the secondary battery 4 is calculated based on the above equation (1), as in step S14 already described. Next, in step S24, as in step S15, the SOH _{n of the} secondary battery 4 is obtained using the above equation (2).

Next, the SOH detection unit 29 calculates a weighted average value using the SOH _n (step S16), and the storage unit 29B stores the weighted average value. And the said weighted average value is sent to the alerting | reporting apparatus 5 (step S17), and the process in the degradation state detection apparatus 2 is complete | finished.

  In this example, a lithium ion secondary battery is used as the secondary battery 4, but such a lithium ion secondary battery can be manufactured by the following method, for example.

  First, sodium hydroxide and ammonia are supplied to an aqueous solution in which nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and aluminum sulfate are dissolved, and are dissolved in a molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, and aluminum by a coprecipitation method at 80: 15: 5. Create a metal composite hydroxide. Next, the ratio of the total number of moles of metals other than Li (Ni, Co, Al) and the number of moles of Li is determined by combining this metal composite hydroxide and commercially available lithium hydroxide monohydrate (manufactured by FMC). After being weighed and mixed sufficiently so as to be 1: 1, the temperature was raised at a heating rate of 3 ° C./min, followed by main firing (900 ° C. for 10 hours), and then cooling to room temperature, which was used as a positive electrode active material .

  The electrode was prepared by 90% by mass of the above positive electrode active material, 5% by mass of 1: 1 mixture of TIMCAL SuperP and TIMCAL KS6 as a conductive additive, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder. ) 5% by mass and an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent were mixed to prepare a positive electrode active material slurry, and the obtained positive electrode active material slurry was used as an aluminum foil as a current collector. It is applied to one side of and dried. Then, a press process is performed and the positive electrode which has a positive electrode active material layer on one side is produced.

  Also, 90% by mass of graphite, 5% by mass of acetylene black, 10% by mass of PVdF, and an appropriate amount of NMP were mixed to prepare a negative electrode active material slurry, and the obtained negative electrode active material slurry was one side of a copper foil as a current collector. Apply to the surface side of and dry. Next, press treatment is performed to produce a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer on one side.

Next, the obtained electrode is cut into a 15 cm × 15 cm square. In addition, a separator (material: polypropylene, thickness: 25 um) inserted between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is cut into a 18 cm × 18 cm square. Then, a tab (positive electrode: Al tab, negative electrode: Ni tab) is attached to the uncoated portion of the electrode by ultrasonic welding, and stacked in the order of positive electrode-separator (material: polypropylene, thickness: 25 um) -negative electrode. The lithium ion secondary battery can be manufactured by vacuum lamination. In addition, as an electrolytic solution of the lithium ion secondary battery, lithium salt LiPF ₆ is dissolved at a concentration of 1M in a solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethylene carbonate (DEC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 2: 3. Can be used.

  Next, the operation in this embodiment will be described.

  In the present embodiment, when the latest suspension time of the secondary battery 4 is less than 24 hours (when the electronic state in the secondary battery 4 is not uniform), the SOH of the secondary battery 4 is changed after the suspension time. At the time of detection, the integrated amount (∫Idt) of the charge / discharge current is corrected according to the resting time, and the SOH is detected using the corrected integrated amount (A × ∫Idt). For this reason, the SOH of the secondary battery 4 can be accurately detected regardless of the length of the downtime.

  Moreover, the deterioration state detection apparatus 2 in the present embodiment corrects the integrated amount (∫Idt) of the charge / discharge current according to the number of charge / discharge cycles of the secondary battery 4. For this reason, more accurate detection of SOH can be performed in consideration of the number of charge / discharge cycles of the secondary battery 4.

  In the present embodiment, when the latest suspension time of the secondary battery 4 is less than 24 hours, the latest suspension time and ΔSOC (the SOC of the secondary battery 4 at the end of the previous suspension time and the latest When the correlation coefficient based on the difference between the SOC and the SOC of the secondary battery 4 at the start of the hibernation state is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (0.1 in this example), the integration amount (∫Idt) is corrected. Do. For this reason, the effect of the detection accuracy improvement by the said correction | amendment can be show | played more reliably.

In the present embodiment, the SOH detector 29 calculates the weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} of the SOH based on the above equation (3). Thereby, the variation at the time of measurement of SOH can be smoothed. Further, when the weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} is calculated, a value when the correlation coefficient between the rest time of the secondary battery 4 and ΔSOC is less than 0.1 (that is, SOH _n obtained in step S24). May be excluded. In this case, it is possible to suppress a decrease in accuracy of the calculated value due to the use of data having a weak correlation between the latest downtime of the secondary battery 4 and ΔSOC for calculating the weighted average value SOH _{n, ave} .

  The embodiment described above is described for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and is not described for limiting the present invention. Therefore, each element disclosed in the above embodiment is intended to include all design changes and equivalents belonging to the technical scope of the present invention.

For example, in step S19, when the latest downtime of the secondary battery 4 and the correlation coefficient of ΔSOC are less than 0.1, the SOH detection unit 29 performs after the end of the previous downtime (n−1 times). The SOH _n−1 detected and stored in the storage unit 29B may be sent to the notification device 5.

  Further, for example, in the above case, when the state where the correlation coefficient is less than 0.1 continues for a predetermined number of times, the process may be forced to proceed to step S14 in the subsequent processing. In this case, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the freshness of the detected value due to the fact that the detected value by the deterioration state detecting device 2 is not continuously updated.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Vehicle 2 ... Degradation state detection apparatus 21 ... Timer 23 ... Rest time determination part 24 ... Charge / discharge current integration part 25 ... Correction part 26 ... Counter 27 ... SOC detection unit 28 ... charge state difference detection unit 29 ... SOH detection unit 4 ... secondary battery

Claims (3)

An SOC detector for detecting a charge state of the secondary battery;
A timer for measuring the rest time of the secondary battery;
A pause time determination unit that determines whether the pause time is a predetermined time or more;
A charge / discharge current integrating unit that detects an integrated amount of charge / discharge current from the end of the previous stop time to the start of the latest stop time;
Charge state difference detection for detecting a charge state difference that is a difference between the state of charge of the secondary battery at the end of the previous rest period and the state of charge of the secondary battery at the start of the latest rest state And
An SOH detector that detects a deterioration state of the secondary battery based on the integrated amount and the charge state difference;
A correction unit for correcting the integrated amount detected by the charge / discharge current integrating unit,
The correction unit corrects the integrated amount based on the latest pause time when the pause time determination unit determines that the latest pause time is less than the predetermined time,
The SOH detection unit detects the deterioration state based on the integrated amount corrected by the correction unit when the pause time determination unit determines that the latest pause time is less than the predetermined time. The deterioration state detection apparatus of the said secondary battery characterized by these. The deterioration state detection apparatus according to claim 1,
A counter that counts the number of charge / discharge cycles of the secondary battery;
The correction unit, when the pause time determination unit determines that the latest pause time is less than the predetermined time, in addition to the latest pause time, based on the charge / discharge cycle number, A deterioration state detection device characterized by correcting. The deterioration state detection apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The correction unit has a map indicating a correlation coefficient between the latest pause time and the state of charge difference, and when the correlation coefficient in the map is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, A deterioration state detecting device, wherein the integrated amount is corrected.

Images