JP2015039312A - Fertilization method in paddy field - Google Patents
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本発明は、水田における施肥方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a fertilization method in paddy fields.
作物の栽培において、生育途中で肥料養分を補う追肥作業は作物の収量を増加させるために不可欠な作業である。一方、近年、農業生産性の向上を目的とする圃場整備が進められており、大区画化された水田が増加する傾向にある。しかしながら、そのような大区画水田においては、慣行の動力散布機による追肥作業は多大な労力を要するものであり、省力的な追肥方法が切望されてきた。 In the cultivation of crops, additional fertilization work that supplements the fertilizer nutrients during the growth is indispensable for increasing the yield of the crop. On the other hand, in recent years, field development for the purpose of improving agricultural productivity has been promoted, and the number of paddy fields having a large area tends to increase. However, in such a large-compartment paddy field, the additional fertilization work with a conventional power spreader requires a lot of labor, and a labor-saving fertilization method has been eagerly desired.
かかる状況下、水田における省力的な追肥方法に関する検討がなされ、例えば、灌漑水を利用した水口流入施肥が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。これは水溶性の高い顆粒状肥料等を直接水田の水口に投入し、灌漑水により水田全面に拡散させる技術であるが、肥料濃度の均一性が損なわれる所謂施肥むらが生じるという問題があった。 Under such circumstances, studies on labor-saving top fertilization methods in paddy fields have been made. For example, water inlet inflow fertilization using irrigation water is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This is a technique in which granular fertilizer with high water solubility is directly poured into the paddy field and diffused throughout the paddy field by irrigation water, but there is a problem that so-called uneven fertilization occurs that impairs the uniformity of fertilizer concentration. .
本発明は、水田における施肥方法を提供することを課題とする。 This invention makes it a subject to provide the fertilization method in a paddy field.
本発明者は、種々検討した結果、元肥として被覆粒状肥料を施用し、追肥として液状肥料を水口流入施肥により施用する場合に、元肥として施用される被覆粒状肥料の水田単位面積当たりの窒素全量（Ａ）と、追肥として施用される液状肥料の水田単位面積当たりの窒素全量（Ｂ）との重量比を１０：１〜２：１の範囲とすることにより、施肥むらが緩和されることを見出した。
すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。
［１］ 水田における施肥方法であって、元肥として被覆粒状肥料を施用する工程と、追肥として液状肥料を水口流入施肥により施用する工程とを含み、元肥として施用される被覆粒状肥料の水田単位面積当たりの窒素全量（Ａ）と、追肥として水口流入施肥により施用される液状肥料の水田単位面積当たりの窒素全量（Ｂ）との重量比が、１０：１〜２：１の範囲であることを特徴とする施肥方法。
［２］ 追肥として液状肥料を水口流入施肥により施用する工程が、
水田の水位を調整し、水尻を閉じる工程、
液状肥料を、容器に設けられた滴下口が下になるように水田の水口に設置する工程、
水口から水を入れる工程、
水口に設置された液状肥料が入った容器に空気穴を開ける工程、
所定量の液状肥料が容器から流出した後、さらに水口から水を入れて水位を調整する工程、及び
自然減水させる工程
を含む［１］に記載の施肥方法。
［３］ 液状肥料は、包装容器がバッグインボックスの液状肥料である［２］に記載の施肥方法。
［４］ 被覆粒状肥料を育苗容器へ施用する［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載の施肥方法。
［５］ 被覆粒状肥料を水田へ直接施用する［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載の施肥方法。
［６］ 被覆粒状肥料が、シグモイド型の溶出パターンである被覆粒状肥料である［１］〜［５］のいずれかに記載の施肥方法。
As a result of various studies, the present inventor applied the coated granular fertilizer as the basic fertilizer, and when applying the liquid fertilizer as the additional fertilizer by inflow fertilizer application, the total amount of nitrogen per paddy unit area of the coated granular fertilizer applied as the basic fertilizer ( It has been found that by applying a weight ratio of A) to the total amount of nitrogen per paddy unit area (B) of the liquid fertilizer applied as additional fertilizer in the range of 10: 1 to 2: 1, fertilization unevenness is alleviated. It was.
That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] Fertilizer application method in paddy field, including a step of applying coated granular fertilizer as a basic fertilizer and a step of applying liquid fertilizer as a top fertilizer by inflow fertilizer application, and a paddy unit area of coated granular fertilizer applied as a basic fertilizer The weight ratio between the total amount of nitrogen per unit (A) and the total amount of nitrogen per unit paddy field (B) of the liquid fertilizer applied by water inlet inflow fertilizer as additional fertilizer is in the range of 10: 1 to 2: 1. Characterized fertilization method.
[2] The step of applying liquid fertilizer by inflow fertilizer as additional fertilizer,
Adjusting the water level of the paddy field and closing the water bottom,
Installing liquid fertilizer at the water outlet of the paddy field so that the dripping opening provided in the container is at the bottom;
The process of adding water from the mouth,
The process of opening an air hole in a container containing liquid fertilizer installed at the water mouth,
The fertilizer application method according to [1], further including a step of adjusting the water level by adding water from a water inlet after a predetermined amount of liquid fertilizer has flowed out of the container, and a step of naturally reducing water.
[3] The fertilizer application method according to [2], wherein the liquid fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer whose packaging container is a bag-in-box.
[4] The fertilization method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the coated granular fertilizer is applied to a seedling container.
[5] The fertilization method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the coated granular fertilizer is directly applied to paddy fields.
[6] The fertilization method according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the coated granular fertilizer is a coated granular fertilizer having a sigmoid type elution pattern.
本発明に従って施肥を行うことにより従来の水口流入施肥における問題であった施肥むらが緩和されるため、作物の収量が増加し、品質の良好な作物を収穫することができる。すなわち、本発明により追肥作業に要する労力を軽減することができる。また、特別な施肥機の利用を必要としないため、コストの面においても有利な方法である。 By applying fertilization according to the present invention, fertilization unevenness, which has been a problem in conventional inflow fertilizer application, is alleviated, so that the yield of crops increases and crops with good quality can be harvested. In other words, the labor required for the top dressing work can be reduced by the present invention. Moreover, since it does not require the use of a special fertilizer applicator, it is an advantageous method in terms of cost.
本発明において水田とは、灌漑水を湛えて作物を栽培する耕地をいい、本発明は、殊に、水田での水稲の栽培における施肥方法として好適である。 In the present invention, a paddy field refers to a cultivated land in which irrigation water is supplied and a crop is cultivated, and the present invention is particularly suitable as a fertilization method in the cultivation of paddy rice in a paddy field.
本発明は、元肥として少なくとも１種の被覆粒状肥料を施用する工程を含む。本発明において被覆粒状肥料とは、各種の合成樹脂、パラフィン類、硫黄等の被覆資材で粒状肥料の表面が被覆された肥料のことで、肥料成分の溶出速度が制御されているものを意味する。施肥時の均一性の観点からは、目開き１．００ｍｍの篩の上に残り、目開き５．６６ｍｍの篩を通過する大きさの被覆粒状肥料の使用が好ましい。
本発明においては、元肥として通常施用される肥料成分を含む被覆粒状肥料を使用することができる。かかる被覆粒状肥料としては、窒素を含み、２５℃水中へ被覆粒状肥料に含有される窒素の８０％が溶出するのに要する日数は、好ましくは２０〜２５０日、より好ましくは２０〜１８０日の範囲である被覆粒状肥料を使用する。水稲の栽培においては、前記日数が、寒冷地で栽培する場合２０〜１００日程度、中間地や暖地で栽培する場合８０〜１６０日程度である被覆粒状肥料の使用が好適である。また、溶出パターンは、初期の溶出が一定期間抑制された後溶出するシグモイド型の溶出パターンである被覆粒状肥料の使用が好適である。
The present invention includes a step of applying at least one type of coated granular fertilizer as a basic manure. In the present invention, the coated granular fertilizer means a fertilizer in which the surface of the granular fertilizer is coated with various synthetic resins, paraffins, sulfur and other coating materials, and means that the elution rate of the fertilizer component is controlled. . From the viewpoint of uniformity during fertilization, it is preferable to use a coated granular fertilizer having a size that remains on a sieve having an opening of 1.00 mm and passes through a sieve having an opening of 5.66 mm.
In this invention, the coated granular fertilizer containing the fertilizer component normally applied as a basic manure can be used. The coated granular fertilizer contains nitrogen, and the number of days required for 80% of nitrogen contained in the coated granular fertilizer to elute into 25 ° C. water is preferably 20 to 250 days, more preferably 20 to 180 days. Use coated granular fertilizer that is in range. In the cultivation of paddy rice, it is preferable to use a coated granular fertilizer whose days are about 20 to 100 days when cultivated in a cold region and about 80 to 160 days when cultivated in an intermediate or warm region. Further, it is preferable to use a coated granular fertilizer that is a sigmoid-type elution pattern that elutes after the initial elution is suppressed for a certain period of time.
本発明において、元肥としての被覆粒状肥料の施用は、動力散布機や側条施肥機といった慣行の手段によって実施できる。水稲の栽培においては、移植栽培の場合、水田へ直接元肥として被覆粒状肥料を移植前または移植と同時に施用するか、育苗容器へ元肥として被覆粒状肥料を施用する。また、直播栽培の場合には、水田へ直接元肥として被覆粒状肥料を播種前または播種と同時に施用する。
水田へ直接被覆粒状肥料を施用する場合、その施用形態としては、水田に水を入れる前に動力散布機やブロードキャスターにより田の全面へ被覆粒状肥料を施用した後に耕耘を行ない全層に混和する所謂全層混和が、肥料成分の吸収効率を向上させるため好ましい。また、育苗容器へ被覆粒状肥料を施用する場合は、育苗容器内で被覆粒状肥料が均一に分布するよう培土に混和するかまたは肥料層となるよう施用する形態が、健苗育成の観点からは好ましい。なお、水稲の生育期間に必要と予測される窒素全量を予め育苗容器内へ施肥し、移植時に苗と共に水田へ持ち込む育苗箱全量施肥と呼ばれる施肥方法は、育苗容器へ専用の被覆粒状肥料を施用することにより行われる。
本発明において施用する元肥の量は、窒素として１０ａ当たり１〜４０ｋｇであり、水稲の場合は１〜２０ｋｇ、好ましくは２〜１５ｋｇである。本発明は元肥として被覆粒状肥料を施用し、その量は、前記窒素量の２０重量％以上、好ましくは３０重量％以上であり、被覆粒状肥料の施用量に応じて、全量が前記窒素量の範囲になるように非被覆肥料を併用する。なお、リン酸（Ｐ2Ｏ5）及び加里（Ｋ2Ｏ）については、それぞれ１０ａ当たり１〜４０ｋｇ、水稲の場合は１〜２０ｋｇとなるように施用され、被覆粒状肥料及び非被覆肥料のいずれを用いても良い。元肥で施用する窒素の一部または全量を育苗容器へ施肥する場合は、１０ａ当たりの窒素量を使用する育苗容器の数で除して１容器当たりの施肥量を決定する。
In the present invention, the application of the coated granular fertilizer as the original fertilizer can be carried out by conventional means such as a power spreader or a side strip fertilizer. In the cultivation of paddy rice, in the case of transplantation cultivation, the coated granular fertilizer is applied directly to the paddy field as the original fertilizer before or simultaneously with the transplantation, or the coated granular fertilizer is applied to the seedling container as the original fertilizer. In the case of direct sowing cultivation, the coated granular fertilizer is applied directly to the paddy field as the original fertilizer before sowing or simultaneously with sowing.
When applying coated granular fertilizer directly to paddy fields, the application form is that after applying coated granular fertilizer to the entire surface of the paddy field with a power spreader or broadcaster before water is added to the paddy field, it is mixed with all layers. So-called all-layer mixing is preferable because it improves the absorption efficiency of the fertilizer component. In addition, when applying the coated granular fertilizer to the seedling container, the form to be mixed with the soil so that the coated granular fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the seedling container or to be applied as a fertilizer layer is from the viewpoint of healthy seedling growth preferable. In addition, the fertilization method called fertilization of the seedling box in which the total amount of nitrogen predicted to be necessary during the growing period of paddy rice is preliminarily fertilized in the seedling container and brought into the paddy field with the seedlings at the time of transplanting is applied to the seedling container using a special coated granular fertilizer Is done.
The amount of the basic manure to be applied in the present invention is 1 to 40 kg per 10a as nitrogen, and 1 to 20 kg, preferably 2 to 15 kg in the case of paddy rice. The present invention applies coated granular fertilizer as a basic fertilizer, and the amount thereof is 20% by weight or more, preferably 30% by weight or more of the nitrogen amount, and the total amount of the nitrogen amount depends on the application amount of the coated granular fertilizer. Use uncoated fertilizer together to reach the range. As for phosphoric acid (P 2 O 5) and potassium (K 2 O), respectively 10a per 1～40Kg, in the case of paddy rice is applied so that 1～20Kg, any coated granular fertilizer and uncoated fertilizer May be used. When a part or all of the nitrogen to be applied in the original fertilizer is fertilized to the seedling container, the amount of nitrogen per 10a is divided by the number of seedling containers to be used to determine the fertilizer amount per container.
本発明は、追肥として液状肥料を水口流入施肥により施用する工程を含む。前記のようにして元肥として被覆粒状肥料を施用した後、追肥が必要とされる時期に、元肥として施用される被覆粒状肥料の水田単位面積当たりの窒素全量（Ａ）と、追肥として施用される液状肥料の水田単位面積当たりの窒素全量（Ｂ）との重量比が１０：１〜２：１の範囲となるように液状肥料を水口流入施肥により施用する。 The present invention includes a step of applying liquid fertilizer as top-feeding by inflow fertilization. After applying the coated granular fertilizer as the original fertilizer as described above, when the additional fertilization is required, the total amount of nitrogen (A) per paddy unit area of the coated granular fertilizer applied as the original fertilizer is applied as the additional fertilizer The liquid fertilizer is applied by water inlet inflow fertilization so that the weight ratio of the liquid fertilizer to the total amount of nitrogen (B) per unit area of paddy field is in the range of 10: 1 to 2: 1.
本発明においては、液体の状態の肥料を総称して液状肥料といい、液状肥料は一般に液肥とも呼ばれる。本発明における液状肥料は、無機液肥、有機液肥及び有機入り液肥を含む。無機液肥とは窒素（Ｎ）、リン（Ｐ）及びカリウム（Ｋ）の肥料三要素の少なくとも１種を主要成分として含む無機肥料の水溶液であり、有機液肥とは有機物のみを原料として製造された液状肥料である。また、有機入り液肥とは、原料のひとつとして有機物を含み、さらに無機肥料を含む液状肥料である。
本発明においては、施肥時に、液状肥料の容器からの流出量が一定になるように沈殿や結晶、固形物を含む液状肥料の使用は避け、均一な水溶液である液状肥料を使用する。また、２５℃における比重が１．１〜１．５ｇ／ｍＬの範囲であり、粘度が１．５〜１００ｍＰａ・ｓ、より好適には１．５〜１５．０ｍＰａ・ｓの範囲である液状肥料の使用が好ましい。液状肥料の粘度は、より具体的には、Ｂ型粘度計（東機産業株式会社製、ロータとしてＬアダプタを使用）を用いて、ロータ回転数６０ｒｐｍ、温度２５℃の条件にて測定することにより求めることができる。
追肥として通常施用される肥料成分を含む液状肥料としては、例えば、肥料三要素を主要成分として含むＮＰＫ（Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ）成分型の液状肥料が挙げられ、市販品を用いることができる。より具体的には、窒素含量の高い下がり平型（具体例として２０−２−２（Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏの重量比率を意味する。以下同じ。）、１５−６−６）、ほぼ同じ成分含量の水平型やリン酸含量の低い谷型（具体例として１０−５−８）、窒素含量の低い上がり平型（具体例として１−１２−１０）、リン酸含量の高い山型（具体例として７−２０−０）の液状肥料を用いることができる。これらの液状肥料は通常、作物生育状況や施用時期によって選択して用いられ、例えば、水稲の栽培においては、活着肥、葉色低下に対する追肥や穂肥としては下がり平型や谷型を、分げつ肥としては山型を、籾肥や花肥としては上がり平型や山型を適宜選択することができる。
In the present invention, the fertilizer in a liquid state is generically referred to as a liquid fertilizer, and the liquid fertilizer is generally also referred to as a liquid fertilizer. The liquid fertilizer in the present invention includes inorganic liquid fertilizer, organic liquid fertilizer, and organic liquid fertilizer. Inorganic liquid fertilizer is an aqueous solution of inorganic fertilizer containing at least one fertilizer of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) as a main component, and organic liquid fertilizer is manufactured using only organic matter as a raw material. Liquid fertilizer. Moreover, the organic fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer that contains an organic substance as one of raw materials and further contains an inorganic fertilizer.
In the present invention, at the time of fertilization, the liquid fertilizer containing a uniform aqueous solution is used instead of the liquid fertilizer containing precipitates, crystals and solids so that the amount of liquid fertilizer flowing out from the container becomes constant. Moreover, the liquid fertilizer which is the range whose specific gravity in 25 degreeC is 1.1-1.5 g / mL, and whose viscosity is 1.5-100 mPa * s, More preferably, it is the range of 1.5-15.0 mPa * s. Is preferred. More specifically, the viscosity of the liquid fertilizer is measured using a B-type viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., using an L adapter as a rotor) under conditions of a rotor rotation speed of 60 rpm and a temperature of 25 ° C. It can ask for.
Examples of the liquid fertilizer containing a fertilizer component that is normally applied as a supplementary fertilizer include NPK (NP 2 O 5 —K 2 O) component type liquid fertilizer containing a fertilizer three element as a main component. Can be used. More specifically, a falling flat type having a high nitrogen content (as a specific example, 20-2-2 (meaning a weight ratio of N—P 2 O 5 —K 2 O; the same shall apply hereinafter), 15-6-6. ), Horizontal type with almost the same component content, valley type with low phosphoric acid content (specific example: 10-5-8), rising nitrogen type with low nitrogen content (specific example: 1-12-10), phosphoric acid content A high mountain-shaped (as a specific example, 7-20-0) liquid fertilizer can be used. These liquid fertilizers are usually selected and used according to the crop growth situation and application time. For example, in the cultivation of paddy rice, as a fertilizer for fertilization and leaf color reduction, it is possible to divide the flat type and valley type. A mountain type can be selected as manure, and a flat type or mountain type can be selected as appropriate for manure or flower manure.
追肥として液状肥料を水口流入施肥により施用する工程は、水田の水位を調整し、水尻を閉じる工程（以下、工程２と記すことがある。）、液状肥料を、容器に設けられた滴下口が下になるように水田の水口に設置する工程（以下、工程３と記すことがある。）、水口から水を入れる工程（以下、工程４と記すことがある。）、水口に設置された液状肥料が入った容器に空気穴を開ける工程（以下、工程５と記すことがある。）、所定量の液状肥料が容器から流出した後、さらに水口から水を入れて水位を調整する工程（以下、工程６と記すことがある。）、及び自然減水させる工程（以下、工程７と記すことがある。）を含む。本発明において、工程２〜７を実施する順序としては、工程２に次いで、工程３、工程４及び工程５を実施する。工程３〜５の実施順序については、工程３の後で工程５を実施し、工程４は、工程３の前、工程３と５との間及び工程５の後の何れかの時機に実施する。そして工程３〜５を実施した後、工程６に次いで、工程７を実施する。 The step of applying liquid fertilizer by inflow fertilizer application as additional fertilizer is the step of adjusting the water level of the paddy field and closing the bottom of the paddy (hereinafter referred to as step 2), the dropping fertilizer provided in the container The process of installing the paddy field at the mouth of the paddy field (hereinafter may be referred to as process 3), the process of adding water from the paddle (hereinafter also referred to as process 4), and the liquid installed at the paddle A step of opening an air hole in a container containing fertilizer (hereinafter may be referred to as step 5), and a step of adjusting the water level by adding water from the water inlet after a predetermined amount of liquid fertilizer has flowed out of the container (hereinafter referred to as step 5). , And may be described as step 6), and a step of reducing water naturally (hereinafter, also referred to as step 7). In the present invention, as the order in which Steps 2 to 7 are performed, Step 3, Step 4, and Step 5 are performed after Step 2. Regarding the execution order of steps 3 to 5, step 5 is performed after step 3, and step 4 is performed before step 3, between steps 3 and 5, and after step 5. . Then, after performing Steps 3 to 5, Step 7 is performed next to Step 6.
工程２は、土壌からの水位が略０ｃｍ（所謂ひたひた状態）になるように水田の水を抜いた後、水尻を閉じて水が抜けないようにする工程である。本工程を実施する理由は、水田の水量が多く、水位が高い状態で本工程以降の工程を実施すると施肥むらが生じやすくなるためである。また、干して土壌表面にひびが入った状態も施肥むらが生じる可能性があり、田が水を抜いて干した状態の場合には、水を入れて土壌の水分が飽和状態になった後で本工程を実施する。そして、本工程の実施により水田の水位を調整した後は、水位が変化しないうちに工程３〜７を実施する。なお、水尻を閉じる際には、小動物による孔などが畦畔にないことを確認し、水田から水が抜けないように注意する。 Step 2 is a step of removing the water from the paddy field so that the water level from the soil becomes approximately 0 cm (so-called “hidden state”), and then closing the bottom of the paddy so that the water does not escape. The reason for carrying out this step is that uneven fertilization tends to occur if the steps after this step are carried out in a state where the amount of water in the paddy field is large and the water level is high. In addition, even if the soil surface is cracked on the soil surface, uneven fertilization may occur. If the rice field has been drained and dried, the soil moisture will be saturated after the water is added. This step is performed. And after adjusting the water level of a paddy field by implementation of this process, processes 3-7 are implemented before a water level changes. When closing the water bottom, make sure that there are no holes by small animals on the shore, so be careful not to let water escape from the paddy field.
工程３は、液状肥料を水口から流入させて施用するための準備工程である。液状肥料は、前記の液状肥料を用いることができ、本発明においては、市販品をその包装形態のまま使用することができる。市販されている液状肥料の包装容器としては、一般的なバッグインボックス（ポリエチレン等の樹脂製の内容器と外装ダンボールケースとが組み合わされた容器）の他に樹脂製のボトルやタンク等が挙げられる。本発明においては、包装容器がバッグインボックスである液状肥料の使用が好ましい。かかる液状肥料を使用した場合の工程３について、より具体的に説明すると、通常の（またはバッグインボックスの外箱に記載されている）使用方法に従って蓋を引き出し、該蓋に設けられた穴（滴下口）が下になるように水田の水口に液状肥料を容器ごと設置する。
該蓋に滴下口がない場合には、ドリル等を用いて穴を開けて滴下口とすることができる。穴を開ける場合、所定量の液状肥料が容器から流出するのに要する時間（以下、施肥時間と記すことがある。）が２〜３時間となるように穴の大きさを調整する。穴の大きさは用いる液状肥料の性状によって適宜変更し得るが、液状肥料の容量が２０ｋｇの場合、直径を約１ｍｍとすればよい。また、このようにして穴を開けた１つの蓋を使い回すこともできる。穴を開ける際には、千枚通し等の穴を開けるために通常用いられる工具を用いることができるが、穴の周囲に盛り上がりが生じる、蓋の表裏で穴の直径が異なる等の状態はあまり好ましくない。蓋に穴を開けることが困難な場合には、内容器に穴を開けてもよい。具体的には、外箱の一部を取り除き、蓋に穴を開ける場合と同様に、内容器に穴を開ける。このとき、内容器の穴から流出する液状肥料が外箱に染み込まないように注意する。このように予め滴下口を設けておき、該滴下口が下になるように水田の水口に液状肥料を容器ごと設置する。水田に複数の水口がある場合には、各々の水口に液状肥料を設置することが好ましい。また、水口の数より液状肥料の容器の数の方が多い場合は、ひとつの水口に複数の液状肥料を同時に設置し、施用する液状肥料の全量が容器から流出するのに要する時間が２〜３時間となるようにすることが好ましく、さらに各水口に設置する液状肥料の容器の数が同じになるようにすることが好ましい。
Step 3 is a preparatory step for applying liquid fertilizer by flowing it from the water inlet. As the liquid fertilizer, the above-mentioned liquid fertilizer can be used, and in the present invention, a commercially available product can be used as it is in its packaging form. Examples of commercially available packaging containers for liquid fertilizer include resin-made bottles and tanks in addition to general bag-in-boxes (containers in which a plastic inner container such as polyethylene and an outer cardboard case are combined). It is done. In the present invention, it is preferable to use liquid fertilizer in which the packaging container is a bag-in-box. Step 3 in the case of using such a liquid fertilizer will be described more specifically. The lid is pulled out according to a normal usage method (or described in the outer box of the bag-in-box), and a hole provided in the lid ( Place the liquid fertilizer with the container at the water outlet of the paddy field so that the dripping opening is at the bottom.
When the lid does not have a dripping port, a hole can be formed by using a drill or the like to form a dripping port. When opening a hole, the size of the hole is adjusted so that the time required for a predetermined amount of liquid fertilizer to flow out of the container (hereinafter, referred to as fertilization time) is 2 to 3 hours. The size of the hole can be appropriately changed depending on the properties of the liquid fertilizer to be used, but when the liquid fertilizer capacity is 20 kg, the diameter may be about 1 mm. It is also possible to use one lid with a hole in this way. When drilling holes, you can use a tool that is usually used to drill holes such as a thousand holes, but it is not very desirable to have a bulge around the hole or to have different hole diameters on the front and back of the lid. . If it is difficult to make a hole in the lid, a hole may be made in the inner container. Specifically, a part of the outer box is removed and a hole is made in the inner container in the same manner as in the case of making a hole in the lid. At this time, care should be taken so that the liquid fertilizer flowing out from the hole in the inner container does not penetrate into the outer box. In this way, a dripping port is provided in advance, and the liquid fertilizer is installed together with the container at the water port of the paddy field so that the dripping port is at the bottom. When a paddy field has a plurality of water ports, it is preferable to install liquid fertilizer at each water port. In addition, when the number of liquid fertilizer containers is larger than the number of water outlets, a plurality of liquid fertilizers are simultaneously installed in one water outlet, and the time required for the total amount of liquid fertilizer to be applied to flow out of the containers is 2 to 2. It is preferable that the time is 3 hours, and it is preferable that the number of liquid fertilizer containers installed in each water inlet is the same.
水田の水口に液状肥料を設置する際は、流入する灌漑水へ安定して液状肥料を滴下できるような工夫をすることが好ましい。具体的には、水口に、灌漑水の流量を調整可能なバルブが備えつけられた水田において、該バルブを囲む木やコンクリート等の枠（入水枡）の上に、間隔を置いて板を２枚並べ、その上に滴下口の位置が板の間になるように液状肥料を容器ごと設置する。または該枠の開口部の外側に、ビールケース（ビールケースのように底の全面が覆われていないケース）を底面が上になるように逆様に置き、据わりを良くしてから底面の上に、液状肥料が滴下口から灌漑水へ滴下されるように液状肥料を容器ごと設置する。 When installing the liquid fertilizer at the paddy field, it is preferable to devise a method that allows the liquid fertilizer to be dripped stably into the inflowing irrigation water. Specifically, in a paddy field equipped with a valve that can adjust the flow rate of irrigation water at the water mouth, two plates are placed at intervals on a wooden or concrete frame (water basin) surrounding the valve. Line up and place the liquid fertilizer with the container so that the position of the dripping port is between the plates. Alternatively, place the beer case (the case where the entire bottom surface is not covered like the beer case) on the outside of the opening of the frame so that the bottom surface is upside down. In addition, the liquid fertilizer is installed together with the container so that the liquid fertilizer is dripped into the irrigation water from the dripping port.
工程３において設置する液状肥料は、その量が、元肥として施用される被覆粒状肥料の水田単位面積当たりの窒素全量（Ａ）と、追肥として施用される液状肥料の水田単位面積当たりの窒素全量（Ｂ）との重量比が１０：１〜２：１の範囲となるように決定するが、省力性の観点からは、ちょうど使い切ることができる容量が包装されている液状肥料を選択することが好ましい。 The amount of liquid fertilizer to be installed in step 3 is the total amount of nitrogen (A) per paddy unit area of coated granular fertilizer applied as the original fertilizer and the total amount of nitrogen per paddy unit area of liquid fertilizer applied as additional fertilizer ( The weight ratio with B) is determined to be in the range of 10: 1 to 2: 1, but from the viewpoint of labor saving, it is preferable to select a liquid fertilizer that is packaged in a capacity that can be used up completely. .
工程４は水口から水を入れる工程である。後の工程６における水位が、少なくとも３ｃｍ以上、好ましくは５〜７ｃｍの範囲になるように水を入れるが、その所定の水位になるまでの時間（以下、灌漑時間と記すことがある。）が、施肥時間より長くなるように水の流量を調整する。通常は、施肥時間を２〜３時間とし、灌漑時間を１２時間以上とする。灌漑時間は施肥時間の整数倍に近づくにつれて施肥むらが生じにくくなるため、そのように調整するのが望ましい。水田に複数の水口がある場合には、各々の水口からの流量がほぼ同じになるように調整する。 Step 4 is a step of adding water from the water inlet. Water is added so that the water level in the subsequent step 6 is at least 3 cm or more, preferably in the range of 5 to 7 cm, but the time until the predetermined water level is reached (hereinafter sometimes referred to as irrigation time). Adjust the water flow rate so that it is longer than the fertilization time. Usually, fertilization time is 2-3 hours and irrigation time is 12 hours or more. Irrigation time is less likely to occur as it approaches integer multiples of fertilization time. When the paddy field has a plurality of water ports, the flow rate from each water port is adjusted to be substantially the same.
工程５は、工程３において設置された液状肥料が入った容器に空気穴を開けることにより、液状肥料を滴下させる工程である。具体的には、工程３において設置された液状肥料の容器の上面（滴下口が下面にある状態での上面）に空気穴を１つ以上開ける。より具体的には、外箱とともに内容器に穴を開けるか、外箱の一部を取り除いて内容器に穴を開ける。穴は、千枚通し等の穴を開けることができる工具を用いて開ければよく、その形状は円形である必要はないが、液状肥料が開けた穴からこぼれないように注意する。工程３において液状肥料が入った容器を複数設置した場合は、各々の容器に同様に空気穴を開ける。 Step 5 is a step of dropping the liquid fertilizer by opening an air hole in the container containing the liquid fertilizer installed in Step 3. Specifically, one or more air holes are formed in the upper surface of the liquid fertilizer container installed in step 3 (the upper surface in a state where the dropping port is on the lower surface). More specifically, a hole is made in the inner container together with the outer box, or a part of the outer box is removed to make a hole in the inner container. The hole only needs to be opened using a tool that can open a hole such as a thousand pieces, and the shape does not need to be circular, but care must be taken not to spill liquid fertilizer from the hole. When a plurality of containers containing liquid fertilizers are installed in step 3, air holes are similarly opened in each container.
工程３〜５の実施順序については、前記の通り、工程３の後で工程５を実施し、工程４は、工程３の前、工程３と５との間及び工程５の後の何れかの時機に実施すればよい。ただし、工程４の実施により水口から水田に水が入り始める時機と、工程５の実施により水口に液状肥料が滴下される時機との間隔が１０分以内になるように調整する。 As for the execution order of steps 3 to 5, as described above, step 5 is performed after step 3, and step 4 is performed before step 3, between steps 3 and 5, and after step 5. It can be done in a timely manner. However, the interval between the time when the water starts to enter the paddy field from the water mouth by the implementation of Step 4 and the time when the liquid fertilizer is dripped into the water mouth by the implementation of Step 5 is adjusted to be within 10 minutes.
工程６は、水田の水が所定の水位になった時機に、工程４において入れ始めた水を止める工程である。具体的には、所定量の液状肥料が容器から流出した後、水田における土壌からの水位が少なくとも３ｃｍ以上、好ましくは５〜７ｃｍの範囲になったら水を止める。水の入れ始めから水を止めるまでは通常１日程度、水田の面積によっては１．５〜２日程度かかることもある。
本発明においては、水田に液状肥料を水口から流入させて施用した後でさらに水を流入させることにより、施肥時間と灌漑時間とが同じ場合よりも肥料成分が希釈されるため拡散され易く、施肥むらが緩和される。
Step 6 is a step of stopping the water that has started to be added in Step 4 when the water in the paddy field reaches a predetermined water level. Specifically, after a predetermined amount of liquid fertilizer has flowed out of the container, the water is stopped when the water level from the soil in the paddy field is at least 3 cm or more, preferably 5 to 7 cm. It usually takes about one day from the start of water addition until it stops, and it may take about 1.5-2 days depending on the area of the paddy field.
In the present invention, the liquid fertilizer is poured into the paddy field from the water inlet and applied, and then the water is further flowed in, so that the fertilizer components are diluted more easily than when the fertilization time and the irrigation time are the same. Unevenness is alleviated.
工程７は、自然減水させることにより、肥料成分を土壌に吸着させる工程である。具体的には、工程６を実施した後、３〜４日間は水田への水の出し入れは行なわず、自然減水させる。 Step 7 is a step of allowing the fertilizer component to be adsorbed to the soil by naturally reducing water. Specifically, after performing Step 6, the water is naturally reduced without taking water into and out of the paddy field for 3 to 4 days.
本発明は、気温の上昇等により肥効の発現期間が短縮され、追肥が必要となった場合に、水田内に人が入り込んで追肥しなければならないような大区画水田、例えば面積３０ａ以上の平坦な水田における施肥方法として好適である。面積３０ａ以上の水田においては、灌漑水の流量をバルブにより調整するような灌漑方式が採用されていることが多く、該方式の場合、灌漑水の流量が安定しており、バルブの開度により流量を調節できるため、工程４において、灌漑時間を調節することが容易である。減水深が３ｃｍ／日以上であるか、地表面の高低差が７ｃｍを超える水田においては本発明の効果が十分に発揮されないため、農閑期に水田の漏水対策や均平化を行うことにより本発明を適用することができる。
水稲の栽培における好ましい施肥体系の例としては、元肥として被覆粒状肥料を育苗容器へ施用し、活着肥、分けつ肥及び実肥として液状肥料を少なくとも１回施用する施肥体系、並びに、元肥として被覆粒状肥料を直接水田へ施用し、籾肥、花肥、穂肥及び実肥として液状肥料を少なくとも１回施用する施用体系を挙げることができる。
また、本発明は水稲以外の水田で栽培する作物に適用してもよい。かかる作物としては、例えばレンコン、イグサ、クワイ、マコモタケ、ワサビが挙げられる。
The present invention is a large-compartment paddy field, for example, having an area of 30a or more, where a person must enter the paddy field when additional fertilization is required due to an increase in temperature, etc. It is suitable as a fertilizing method in a flat paddy field. In paddy fields with an area of 30a or more, an irrigation method in which the flow rate of irrigation water is adjusted by a valve is often adopted. In this method, the flow rate of irrigation water is stable, Since the flow rate can be adjusted, in step 4, it is easy to adjust the irrigation time. The effect of the present invention is not sufficiently exerted in paddy fields where the water reduction depth is 3 cm / day or more, or the height difference of the ground surface is more than 7 cm. Can be applied.
Examples of a preferable fertilization system in the cultivation of paddy rice include a fertilization system in which a coated granular fertilizer is applied to a seedling container as a primary fertilizer, and a liquid fertilizer is applied at least once as an active fertilizer, divided fertilizer, and an actual fertilizer, and a coated granular as a basic fertilizer An application system in which a fertilizer is applied directly to a paddy field and a liquid fertilizer is applied at least once as manure, flower manure, ear manure, and actual manure.
The present invention may also be applied to crops cultivated in paddy fields other than paddy rice. Examples of such crops include lotus root, rush, quail, makomotake and wasabi.
以下、実施例により本発明の内容をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
まず、本発明において元肥として施用する被覆粒状肥料の例を示す。以下、特にことわりのない限り、％は重量％を意味する。 First, the example of the covering granular fertilizer applied as original manure in this invention is shown. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, “%” means “% by weight”.
配合例１
「被覆粒状物Ａ」（特開平１０−１５２３８７号公報に記載される方法に準じて製造された（Ｅ）−（Ｓ）−１−（４−クロロフェニル）−４，４−ジメチル−２−（１Ｈ−１，２，４−トリアゾール−１−イル）−１−ペンテン−３−オール（以下、化合物Ａと記す）を粒状肥料に担持させ、被覆資材により被覆した粒状物：Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ−化合物Ａ＝１３％−０％−１６％−０．０２４％）１６．７重量部と、「被覆粒状肥料Ｃ」（特開平９−２０２６８３号公報に記載される方法に準じて製造された「被覆尿素８０日タイプ」：Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝４２％−０％−０％、２５℃水中へ被覆粒状肥料に含有される窒素の８０％が溶出するのに要する日数が８０日）１９．８重量部と、「被覆粒状肥料Ｅ」（特開平９−２０２６８３号公報に記載される方法に準じて製造された「被覆尿素１２０日タイプ」：Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝４１％−０％−０％、２５℃水中へ被覆粒状肥料に含有される窒素の８０％が溶出するのに要する日数が１２０日）１５．５重量部と、「化成肥料０１３号」（住友化学株式会社製、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝１０．５％−２１％−２３．５％）２８．０重量部と、「すずらん特号」（住友化学株式会社製、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝６％−２０％−２０％）１０．０重量部と、「１７．５−４５．５ りん安４号」（住友商事株式会社輸入販売、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝１７．５％−４５．５％−０％）１０．０重量部とを配合し、被覆配合肥料Ａ １００．０重量部を得た。
配合例２
「被覆粒状肥料B」（特開平９−２０２６８３号公報に記載される方法に準じて製造された「被覆尿素２０日タイプ」：Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝４３％−０％−０％、２５℃水中へ被覆粒状肥料に含有される窒素の８０％が溶出するのに要する日数が２０日）１０．８重量部と、「被覆粒状肥料D」（特開平９−２０２６８３号公報に記載される方法に準じて製造された「被覆尿素１００日タイプ」：Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝４２％−０％−０％、２５℃水中へ被覆粒状肥料に含有される窒素の８０％が溶出するのに要する日数が１００日）２７．０重量部と、「被覆粒状肥料Ｅ」１６．２重量部と、「化成肥料０１３号」４３．０重量部と、「１７．５−４５．５ りん安４号」３．０重量部とを配合し、被覆配合肥料B １００．０重量部を得る。
配合例３
「被覆粒状肥料F」（特開平９−２０２６８３号公報に記載される方法に準じて製造された「被覆尿素４０日タイプ」：Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝４３％−０％−０％、２５℃水中へ被覆粒状肥料に含有される窒素の８０％が溶出するのに要する日数が４０日）１８．３重量部と、「被覆粒状肥料D」２４．４重量部と、「被覆粒状肥料G」（特開平９−２０２６８３号公報に記載される方法に準じて製造された「被覆尿素１４０日タイプ」：Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝４１％−０％−０％、２５℃水中へ被覆粒状肥料に含有される窒素の８０％が溶出するのに要する日数が１４０日）１８．３重量部と、「被覆粒状肥料H」（特開平９−２０２６８３号公報に記載される方法に準じて製造された「被覆化成１３８Ｋ号１００日タイプ」：Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝１％−３．５％−４８％、２５℃水中へ被覆粒状肥料に含有される加里の８０％が溶出するのに要する日数が１００日）９．０重量部と、「住友化成新１５号」（住友化学株式会社製、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝１５％−１５％−１５％）３０．０重量部とを配合し、被覆配合肥料C １００．０重量部を得る。
なお、被覆配合肥料Cは、被覆配合肥料C全量に対して窒素３０％及び加里８％を含み、且つ全窒素の８５％の窒素及び全加里の４９％の加里をそれぞれ被覆粒状肥料として含む。
Formulation Example 1
“Coated granule A” ((E)-(S) -1- (4-chlorophenyl) -4,4-dimethyl-2- (manufactured according to the method described in JP-A-10-152387) 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) -1-penten-3-ol (hereinafter referred to as Compound A) supported on a granular fertilizer and coated with a coating material: NP 2 O 16.7 parts by weight of 5- K 2 O-compound A = 13% -0% -16% -0.024%) and “coated granular fertilizer C” (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-202683). analogously "coated urea 80 days type" manufactured by: N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 42% -0% -0%, 80% of the nitrogen contained in the coated granular fertilizer to 25 ° C. water elution 19.8 parts by weight and “coated granular fertilizer E” (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-202) It was prepared according to the method described in 83 JP "coated urea 120 days Type": N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 41% -0% -0%, the coated granular fertilizer to 25 ° C. in water a number of days required for 80% elutes 120 days) 15.5 parts by weight of nitrogen contained, "compound fertilizer 013" (manufactured by Sumitomo chemical Co., Ltd., N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 10 and .5% -21% -23.5%) 28.0 parts by weight, "Suzuran Japanese Patent" (Sumitomo chemical Co., Ltd., N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 6% -20% -20% ) 10.0 parts by weight and "17.5-45.5 Rin'an 4" (Sumitomo Corporation import and sales, NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 17.5% -45.5%- 0%) 10.0 parts by weight, and 100.0 parts by weight of coated fertilizer A was obtained.
Formulation Example 2
“Coated granular fertilizer B” (“Coated urea 20-day type” produced according to the method described in JP-A-9-202683: NP 2 O 5 —K 2 O = 43% −0% − 10.8 parts by weight of 0%, 25 ° C. water and 80% of nitrogen contained in the coated granular fertilizer required to elute (20 days) and “coated granular fertilizer D” (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-202683) "coated urea 100 days type" manufactured according to the method described in: N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 42% -0% -0%, contained in the coated granular fertilizer to 25 ° C. in water 27.0 parts by weight), "Coated granular fertilizer E" 16.2 parts by weight, "Chemical fertilizer No. 013" 43.0 parts by weight, and "17 .5-45.5 Rin'an No. 4 "with 3.0 parts by weight to obtain 100.0 parts by weight of coated fertilizer B .
Formulation Example 3
"Coated granular fertilizer F" ( "coated urea 40 days Type" manufactured according to the method described in JP-A-9-202683: N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 43% -0% - 18.3 parts by weight), 24.4 parts by weight of “coated granular fertilizer D”, and the number of days required for 80% of nitrogen contained in the coated granular fertilizer to elute into 0%, 25 ° C. water coated granular fertilizer G "(" coated urea 140 days type manufactured according to the method described in JP-a-9-202683 ": N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 41% -0% -0 18.3 parts by weight, and “Coated Granular Fertilizer H” (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-202683) "Coated conversion 138K 100 day type" manufactured according to the method described: NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 1% -3.5% -48%, and the number of days required for 80% of the potassium contained in the coated granular fertilizer to 25 ° C. in water to elute 100 days) 9.0 parts by weight, " Sumitomo chemical new No.15 "(Sumitomo chemical Co., Ltd., N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 15% -15% -15%) were blended with 30.0 parts by weight, coating formulations fertilizers C 100.0 Obtain parts by weight.
Note that the coated blended fertilizer C includes 30% nitrogen and 8% potassium relative to the total amount of the coated blended fertilizer C, and includes 85% nitrogen of the total nitrogen and 49% of the total potassium as the coated granular fertilizer.
次に本発明による水稲の栽培における施肥方法についての試験例を示す。 Next, the test example about the fertilization method in the cultivation of paddy rice by this invention is shown.
試験例１
２０１２年５月に新潟県の水田（面積：１ｈａ）へ元肥として配合例１で得られた被覆配合肥料Ａを、窒素として６．３ｋｇ／１０ａとなるように直接施用（全層混和）した。その１０日後に水稲（品種：コシヒカリ）の苗を移植した後、通常の方法により栽培を行った。
７月下旬にひたひた状態になるまで水田の水を抜いて水尻を閉じた。水口の灌漑バルブを開き、水口から水を入れ始めてから、液状肥料（商品名：田田楽１０号、住友化学株式会社製、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝１０％−５％−８％）２０ｋｇの包装容器（バッグインボックス）の外箱の切り取り線に沿って外箱の一部を切り取り、内容器の蓋を引き出して該蓋と予めドリルで直径約１ｍｍの穴を開けた蓋とを交換し、予め入水枡の開口部の外側（水田側）に逆様に置いておいたビールケースの底面上に、蓋が下になるように液状肥料を容器ごと設置した後、液状肥料の外箱の上面をドライバー（軸径：約５ｍｍ）で突き刺し、外箱とともに内容器に空気穴を開けた。なお、本試験を実施した水田の水口の数は２であり、各々の水口における水の流量は約２４０Ｌ／分であった。液状肥料の施用量は１０ａ当たり前記液状肥料１０ｋｇ（窒素として１．０ｋｇ／１０ａ）とし、一方の水口に２箱同時に、もう一方に３箱同時に、それぞれ液状肥料を設置した。設置した全ての液状肥料が流出して容器が空になった後も、灌漑バルブを開いたままにして水を入れ続け、水位が土壌から約７ｃｍになったところで水を止めた。液状肥料が容器から全量流出するのに要した時間は約２．５時間であり、水を入れ始めてから水位が７ｃｍになるまでの時間は約２４時間であった。その後３日間水田への水の出し入れを行わず自然減水させた後は、通常の水稲の栽培条件に保つことにより、米を収穫した。
収穫時まで生育むらは見られず、追肥として液状肥料を水口流入施肥により施用しなかった場合と比較して収量が約半俵増加した。
Test example 1
In May 2012, the coated blended fertilizer A obtained in Formulation Example 1 as the original fertilizer was directly applied to a paddy field (area: 1 ha) in Niigata Prefecture so that the nitrogen content was 6.3 kg / 10a (mixed in all layers). Ten days later, seedlings of paddy rice (variety: Koshihikari) were transplanted, and then cultivated by a usual method.
In late July, the paddy field was drained and the water bottom was closed until it was in a state of hunger. After opening the irrigation valve of the water mouth and starting to add water from the water mouth, liquid fertilizer (trade name: Tada Raku No. 10, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 10% -5% -8 %) A part of the outer box of a 20 kg packaging container (bag-in-box) is cut out, a part of the outer box is cut out, the lid of the inner container is pulled out, and the lid is previously drilled with a hole with a diameter of about 1 mm The liquid fertilizer is placed on the bottom of the beer case that has been placed in reverse on the outside (paddy field side) of the opening of the water basin so that the lid is on the bottom and then the liquid fertilizer The upper surface of the outer box was pierced with a screwdriver (shaft diameter: about 5 mm), and an air hole was opened in the inner container together with the outer box. In addition, the number of the water mouths of the paddy field which implemented this test was 2, and the flow volume of the water in each water mouth was about 240 L / min. The amount of liquid fertilizer applied was 10 kg of liquid fertilizer per 10 a (1.0 kg / 10a as nitrogen), and liquid fertilizer was installed in one water mouth at the same time in two boxes and the other in three boxes at the same time. Even after all the installed liquid fertilizer spilled and the container was emptied, the irrigation valve was kept open and water was continuously poured, and the water was stopped when the water level reached about 7 cm from the soil. The time required for the liquid fertilizer to flow out from the container was about 2.5 hours, and the time from the start of water addition until the water level reached 7 cm was about 24 hours. After 3 days of natural water reduction without taking water into and out of the paddy field, the rice was harvested by maintaining normal paddy rice cultivation conditions.
Growing growth was not seen until harvest time, and the yield increased by about half a mile compared to the case where liquid fertilizer was not applied as a top fertilizer by inflow fertilizer application.
試験例２
本試験において、元肥としての被覆粒状肥料はシグモイド型の溶出パターンを示す、水稲育苗箱全量施肥専用被覆尿素（商品名：苗箱まかせＮ４００−１００、ジェイカムアグリ株式会社製、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝４０％−０％−０％、２５℃水中へ被覆粒状肥料に含有される窒素の８０％が溶出するのに要する日数が１００日（以下、被覆尿素と記す。））を使用する。
水稲育苗箱（３０ｃｍ×６０ｃｍ×３ｃｍ）に肥料成分を含まない培土２ｋｇを充填し、その上層に被覆尿素７５０ｇを施用し、その上層に催芽した種籾１５０ｇを播種し、最上層は肥料成分を含まない培土を用いて覆土する。適宜灌水して２５日間育苗する。代かき後、水田の水を抜き、１０ａ当たり２０枚の苗箱を用いて水稲苗を移植する（水田への施肥量に換算すると、窒素として６．０ｋｇ／１０ａ）。水田がひたひた状態の水位を保って水尻を閉じ、移植後、水田へ水を入れる際に、活着肥として液状肥料（商品名：田田楽１５号、住友化学株式会社製、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝１５％−６％−６％）２０ｋｇを以下のように施用する。
液状肥料の包装容器（バッグインボックス）の外箱の切り取り線に沿って外箱の一部を切り取り、内容器の蓋を引き出して該蓋に錐で直径約１ｍｍの穴を開け、周囲に生じたバリを削って除く。水路の堰を開いて水田に水を入れ始め、速やかに水口の前（水田側）にビールケースを逆様に置き、底面上に蓋が下になるように液状肥料を容器ごと設置した後、液状肥料の外箱の上面を開いて内容器に千枚通し（軸径：約３ｍｍ）を突き刺し、空気穴を開ける。液状肥料の施用量は１０ａ当たり前記液状肥料１０ｋｇ（窒素として１．５ｋｇ／１０ａ）とし、水口にそれぞれ液状肥料を容器ごと設置して施用する（液状肥料が容器から全量流出するのに要する時間は約２．５時間）。設置した全ての液状肥料が流出して容器が空になった後も、堰を開いたままにして水を入れ続け、水位が土壌から約５ｃｍになったところで水を止める。その後３日間水田への水の出し入れを行なわず自然減水させた後は、通常の水稲の栽培条件に保つことにより、米の収量が増加し、品質の良好な米を収穫することができる。
Test example 2
In this test, the coated granular fertilizer as the original fertilizer shows a sigmoid-type elution pattern, and is coated urea exclusively for fertilizing rice paddy seedling boxes (trade name: Seedling box entrusted N400-100, manufactured by Jacom Agri, N-P 2 O 5 −K 2 O = 40% −0% −0%, 100 days (hereinafter referred to as coated urea) required for 80% of nitrogen contained in the coated granular fertilizer to elute into water at 25 ° C. Is used.
A paddy rice seedling box (30 cm x 60 cm x 3 cm) is filled with 2 kg of soil without fertilizer components, 750 g of coated urea is applied to the upper layer, and 150 g of germinated seed pods are seeded on the upper layer, and the uppermost layer contains fertilizer components Cover with no soil. Watering appropriately, seedlings are grown for 25 days. After the plowing, the paddy rice is drained and transplanted with 20 seedling boxes per 10a (6.0 kg / 10a as nitrogen in terms of fertilizer applied to the paddy field). When the paddy field keeps its water level closed, the water bottom is closed, and after transplanting, the liquid fertilizer (trade name: Tada Raku No. 15, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., NP 2 O 5) the -K 2 O = 15% -6% -6%) 20kg applying as follows.
Cut out a part of the outer box along the cutting line of the outer box of the packaging container (bag in box) of liquid fertilizer, pull out the lid of the inner container, open a hole with a diameter of about 1 mm in the lid, and generate it around Remove the burrs. After opening the weir of the water channel and starting to put water into the paddy field, immediately place the beer case in the reverse direction in front of the water mouth (paddy field side), and install the liquid fertilizer with the container so that the lid is on the bottom, Open the upper surface of the outer box of liquid fertilizer, pass a thousand pieces (shaft diameter: about 3 mm) through the inner container, and open an air hole. The liquid fertilizer application rate is 10 kg of liquid fertilizer per 10a (1.5 kg / 10a as nitrogen), and the liquid fertilizer is installed and applied to the water mouth with each container (the time required for the total amount of liquid fertilizer to flow out of the container is About 2.5 hours). Even after all the installed liquid fertilizer has flowed out and the container has been emptied, the water is kept open with the weir open, and the water is stopped when the water level is about 5 cm from the soil. Then, after the water is naturally reduced without taking water into and out of the paddy field for 3 days, the rice yield increases and good quality rice can be harvested by maintaining the normal paddy rice cultivation conditions.
試験例３
水稲育苗箱（３０ｃｍ×６０ｃｍ×３ｃｍ）の底にシグモイド型の溶出パターンを示す被覆尿素１４５０ｇを施用し、その上層に肥料成分を含まない培土を１．３ｋｇ充填し、その上層に催芽した種籾１５０ｇを播種し、最上層は肥料成分を含まない培土を用いて覆土する。適宜灌水して２５日間育苗する。代かき後、水田の水を抜き、１０ａ当たり約１２枚の苗箱を用いて、条間３０ｃｍ×株間３０ｃｍとなるように水稲苗を移植する（水田への施肥量に換算すると、窒素として７．０ｋｇ／１０ａ）。移植後、水田へ水を入れ、その２週間後にひたひた状態になるまで水田の水を抜いて水尻を閉じ、分げつ肥として液状肥料（商品名：田田楽７−２０、住友化学株式会社製、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝７％−２０％−０％）２０ｋｇを以下のように施用する。
液状肥料の包装容器（バッグインボックス）の外箱の切り取り線に沿って外箱の一部を切り取り、内容器の蓋を引き出して該蓋と予めドリルで直径約１ｍｍの穴を開けた蓋とを交換する。水田にある全ての水口の灌漑バルブを開き、各々の水口から水田に水を入れ始める。速やかに各々の入水枡の上にすのこを置き、すのこの板の間から液状肥料が滴下されるように蓋を下にして液状肥料を容器ごと設置した後、液状肥料の外箱の上面を開いて内容器にカッターナイフで空気穴を開ける。液状肥料の施用量は１０ａ当たり前記液状肥料１０ｋｇ（窒素として０．７ｋｇ／１０ａ）とし、全ての水口にそれぞれ液状肥料を容器ごと設置して施用する（液状肥料が容器から全量流出するのに要する時間は約３時間）。設置した全ての液状肥料が流出して容器が空になった後も、灌漑バルブを開いたままにして水を入れ続け、水位が土壌から約６ｃｍになったところで水を止める。その後４日間水田への水の出し入れを行なわず自然減水させた後は、通常の水稲の栽培条件に保つことにより、米の収量が増加し、品質の良好な米を収穫することができる。
Test example 3
1450 g of coated urea showing a sigmoid type elution pattern is applied to the bottom of a paddy rice seedling box (30 cm × 60 cm × 3 cm), and 1.3 kg of fertilizer containing no fertilizer component is filled in the upper layer, and 150 g of seed buds sprouted in the upper layer The top layer is covered with a soil that does not contain fertilizer components. Watering appropriately, seedlings are grown for 25 days. After plowing, the paddy rice seedlings are drained and about 12 seedling boxes per 10a are used to transplant paddy rice seedlings so that the spacing is 30 cm x 30 cm between the strains (7. 0 kg / 10a). After transplanting, water is put into the paddy field, and the paddy field is drained until two weeks later, and the bottom of the paddy field is closed, and liquid fertilizer as a fertilizer (product name: Tadakura 7-20, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) , N—P 2 O 5 —K 2 O = 7% −20% −0%) 20 kg is applied as follows.
A part of the outer box of the packaging container (bag-in-box) of the liquid fertilizer is cut out, a part of the outer box is cut out, the lid of the inner container is pulled out, and the lid is previously drilled with a hole having a diameter of about 1 mm; Replace. Open the irrigation valves for all the water outlets in the paddy field and start filling the paddy field from each water outlet. Immediately place the mushrooms on each water tank, install the liquid fertilizer with the lid down so that the liquid fertilizer is dripped from between the boards, and then open the top of the outer box of liquid fertilizer Use a cutter knife to open an air hole in the vessel. The liquid fertilizer application rate is 10 kg of liquid fertilizer per 10a (0.7 kg / 10a as nitrogen), and the liquid fertilizer is installed and applied to all the water mouths with the respective containers (necessary for the total amount of liquid fertilizer to flow out of the containers) Time is about 3 hours). Even after all the installed liquid fertilizer has been spilled and the container has been emptied, the irrigation valve remains open and water continues to be poured, and the water is stopped when the water level is about 6 cm from the soil. After the water is naturally reduced without taking water into and out of the paddy field for 4 days, the rice yield increases and the rice of good quality can be harvested by maintaining the normal paddy rice cultivation conditions.
試験例４
公知の方法により鉄粉と焼石膏とがコーティングされた種籾を得る。水田を硬めに代かきして、前記種籾を専用播種機で地表面へ条間３０ｃｍ×株間１８ｃｍ（坪当たり６０株）として、その交点にあたる株の位置に約６〜８粒ずつかためて点播すると同時に、元肥として配合例２で得られる被覆配合肥料Bを窒素として８．１ｋｇ／１０ａとなるように側条施肥する。播種後しばらくは水田の水を抜いたままとし、種籾が出芽したら水田に水を入れ、中干しを強めに行った後、間断灌漑を行う。土壌の水分が飽和状態になった後、水位をひたひた状態として水尻を閉じ、幼穂形成期に穂肥として液状肥料（商品名：田田楽１５号、住友化学株式会社製、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝１５％−６％−６％）２０ｋｇを以下のように施用する。
液状肥料の包装容器（バッグインボックス）の外箱の切り取り線に沿って外箱の一部を切り取り、内容器の蓋を引き出して該蓋と予めドリルで直径約１ｍｍの穴を開けた蓋とを交換する。水田にある全ての水口の前（水田側）にビールケースを逆様に置き、底面上に蓋が下になるように液状肥料を容器ごと設置した後、速やかに全ての水口の灌漑バルブを開き、各々の水口から水田に水を入れ始める。そして液状肥料の外箱の上面を開いて内容器にドライバー（軸径：約５ｍｍ）を突き刺し、空気穴を開ける。液状肥料の施用量は１０ａ当たり前記液状肥料１０ｋｇ（窒素として１．５ｋｇ／１０ａ）とし、全ての水口にそれぞれ液状肥料を容器ごと設置して施用する（液状肥料が容器から全量流出するのに要する時間は約２時間）。設置した全ての液状肥料が流出して容器が空になった後も、灌漑バルブを開いたままにして水を入れ続け、水位が土壌から約７ｃｍになったところで水を止める。その後３日間水田への水の出し入れを行なわず自然減水させた後は、通常の水稲の栽培条件に保つことにより、米の収量が増加し、品質の良好な米を収穫することができる。
Test example 4
A seed meal coated with iron powder and calcined gypsum is obtained by a known method. In addition to stiffening the paddy field, the seed pods are seeded on the ground surface with a special seeding machine as 30 cm struts x 18 cm per stump (60 shares per tsubo), so that about 6-8 grains can be spotted at the intersection. Then, the side fertilizer is applied so that the coated fertilizer B obtained in Formulation Example 2 as the original fertilizer becomes 8.1 kg / 10a as nitrogen. For some time after sowing, drain the paddy field. When seed buds emerge, add water to the paddy field, intensify the middle drying, and then perform intermittent irrigation. After the water in the soil is saturated, the water bottom is closed, the water bottom is closed, and the liquid fertilizer is used as the fertilizer during the early panicle formation period (trade name: Tada Raku No. 15, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., NP 2 O 5 the -K 2 O = 15% -6% -6%) 20kg applying as follows.
A part of the outer box of the packaging container (bag-in-box) of the liquid fertilizer is cut out, a part of the outer box is cut out, the lid of the inner container is pulled out, and the lid is previously drilled with a hole having a diameter of about 1 mm; Replace. Place the beer case in the opposite direction in front of all the water outlets in the paddy field (paddy field side), install the liquid fertilizer with the container so that the lid is on the bottom, and immediately open the irrigation valves of all the water outlets , Start to put water into each paddy field. And the upper surface of the outer box of liquid fertilizer is opened, a driver (shaft diameter: about 5 mm) is pierced into the inner container, and an air hole is opened. The liquid fertilizer application rate is 10 kg of liquid fertilizer per 10 a (1.5 kg / 10a as nitrogen), and the liquid fertilizer is installed and applied to all the water mouths in each container (necessary for the liquid fertilizer to flow out from the container in its entirety) Time is about 2 hours). Even after all the installed liquid fertilizer has flowed out and the container has been emptied, the irrigation valve remains open and water continues to be poured, and the water is stopped when the water level is about 7 cm from the soil. Then, after the water is naturally reduced without taking water into and out of the paddy field for 3 days, the rice yield increases and good quality rice can be harvested by maintaining the normal paddy rice cultivation conditions.
試験例５
前作に豆類を栽培していた転作水田において、水田へ元肥として配合例３で得られる被覆配合肥料Cを窒素として２．０ｋｇ／１０ａとなるように施用（全層混和）する。通常の方法で代かきを行い、坪当たり４５株として水稲苗を移植し、栽培する。出穂３５日前頃に水田の水を抜いてひたひた状態として水尻を閉じ、液状肥料（商品名：田田楽PK、住友化学株式会社製、Ｎ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ＝１％−１２％−１０％）２０ｋｇを以下のように施用する。
液状肥料の包装容器（バッグインボックス）の外箱の切り取り線に沿って外箱の一部を切り取り、内容器の蓋を引き出して該蓋と予めドリルで直径約１ｍｍの穴を開けた蓋とを交換する。各々の水口の灌漑バルブを開き、水口から水を入れ始める。予め各々の入水枡の開口部の外側（水田側）に逆様に置いておいたビールケースの底面上に、蓋が下になるように液状肥料を容器ごと設置した後、液状肥料の外箱の上面を千枚通し（軸径：約３ｍｍ）で突き刺し、外箱とともに内容器に空気穴を開ける。液状肥料の施用量は１０ａ当たり前記液状肥料２０ｋｇ（窒素として０．２ｋｇ／１０ａ）とし、全ての水口にそれぞれ液状肥料を容器ごと設置して施用する（液状肥料が容器から全量流出するのに要する時間は約２．５時間）。設置した全ての液状肥料が流出して容器が空になった後も、灌漑バルブを開いたままにして水を入れ続け、水位が土壌から約５ｃｍになったところで水を止める。その後３日間水田への水の出し入れを行わず自然減水させた後は、通常の水稲の栽培条件に保つことにより、米の収量が増加し、品質の良好な米を収穫することができる。
Test Example 5
In the converted paddy field where beans were cultivated in the previous crop, the coated blended fertilizer C obtained in Formulation Example 3 was applied to the paddy field as the original fertilizer so as to be 2.0 kg / 10a as nitrogen (mixed in all layers). By using a normal method, the rice seedlings are transplanted and cultivated as 45 plants per tsubo. About 35 days before heading, the paddy field was drained and the bottom of the paddy field was closed. Liquid fertilizer (trade name: Tada Raku PK, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 1% -12% −10%) 20 kg is applied as follows.
A part of the outer box of the packaging container (bag-in-box) of the liquid fertilizer is cut out, a part of the outer box is cut out, the lid of the inner container is pulled out, and the lid is previously drilled with a hole having a diameter of about 1 mm; Replace. Open the irrigation valve of each water mouth and start pouring water from the water mouth. After placing the liquid fertilizer together with the container so that the lid is on the bottom of the beer case placed in reverse on the outside (paddy field side) of the opening of each water tank beforehand, the outer box of liquid fertilizer Pierce the upper surface of the plate with a thousand pieces (shaft diameter: about 3 mm), and open an air hole in the inner container together with the outer box. The liquid fertilizer application rate is 20 kg of liquid fertilizer per 10 a (0.2 kg / 10a as nitrogen), and the liquid fertilizer is installed and applied to all the water mouths with the respective containers (necessary for the total amount of liquid fertilizer to flow out of the containers) Time is about 2.5 hours). Even after all the installed liquid fertilizer has been spilled and the container has been emptied, the irrigation valve remains open and water continues to be poured, and the water is stopped when the water level is about 5 cm from the soil. Then, after the water is naturally reduced without taking water into and out of the paddy field for 3 days, the rice yield increases and the rice of good quality can be harvested by maintaining the usual paddy rice cultivation conditions.
Claims (6)
水田の水位を調整し、水尻を閉じる工程、
液状肥料を、容器に設けられた滴下口が下になるように水田の水口に設置する工程、
水口から水を入れる工程、
水口に設置された液状肥料が入った容器に空気穴を開ける工程、
所定量の液状肥料が容器から流出した後、さらに水口から水を入れて水位を調整する工程、及び
自然減水させる工程
を含む請求項１に記載の施肥方法。 The process of applying liquid fertilizer by inflow fertilizer as additional fertilizer,
Adjusting the water level of the paddy field and closing the water bottom,
Installing liquid fertilizer at the water outlet of the paddy field so that the dripping opening provided in the container is at the bottom;
The process of adding water from the mouth,
The process of opening an air hole in a container containing liquid fertilizer installed at the water mouth,
The fertilizer application method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of adjusting the water level by adding water from a water inlet after a predetermined amount of liquid fertilizer flows out of the container, and a step of naturally reducing water.
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| CN115211340A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-10-21 | 顺祥食品有限公司 | Application method of shrimp meal for transplanting rice |
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