JP2015033706A - Spot laser composite weld joint - Google Patents
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本発明は、少なくとも１枚が高強度鋼板である、２枚の鋼板を重ね合わせて溶接された溶接継手に関し、詳しくは、スポット溶接とレーザ溶接を併用して作製された溶接継手に関する。 The present invention relates to a welded joint obtained by superimposing and welding two steel sheets, at least one of which is a high-strength steel sheet, and more particularly to a welded joint produced by using both spot welding and laser welding.
自動車を軽量化するために、自動車の骨格部品への高強度鋼板の適用が進んでいるが、自動車骨格部品としての強度および剛性の向上を実現するには溶接部の強度および剛性も向上させる必要がある。鋼板の溶接方法としては、スポット溶接が非常に有効な手段であるが、鋼板の高強度化に対してスポット溶接部の継手強度の向上幅は小さく、溶接継手全体の強度および剛性の向上は難しい。つまり、スポット溶接点間の距離を小さくしてスポット溶接点数を増やそうとしても、隣の電極への分流が起こりやすくなるため、溶接継手全体の強度および剛性を向上させるには限界があった。 In order to reduce the weight of automobiles, the application of high-strength steel sheets to automobile frame parts is advancing, but it is necessary to improve the strength and rigidity of welds in order to improve the strength and rigidity of automobile frame parts. There is. Spot welding is a very effective means for welding steel plates, but the strength of joints at spot welds is small for increasing the strength of steel plates, making it difficult to improve the strength and rigidity of the entire welded joint. . That is, even if an attempt is made to increase the number of spot welding points by reducing the distance between spot welding points, there is a limit to improving the strength and rigidity of the entire welded joint, because diversion to the adjacent electrode is likely to occur.
一方、レーザ溶接については、連続的な線接合が可能であり、しかも、後述のスポット・レーザ複合溶接法を採用した場合でも接合点間の距離に関する制約がないため、上手く接合させることができれば強度および剛性を高められる可能性がある。しかし、レーザ溶接については、鋼板間の隙間（以下、「板隙」ともいう。）の大きさにより継手強度が大きく変化する欠点がある。被接合対象鋼板として、２枚の重ね合わせ鋼板のうち少なくとも１枚に高強度鋼板を用いた場合、プレス時の精度が低下しているため、溶接時に板隙の存在が不可避的であり、レーザ溶接単体での適用に難しさがある。そのため、スポット溶接や抵抗溶接をした後にレーザ溶接するような手段（スポット・レーザ複合溶接法）が検討されている（例えば、特許文献１，２参照）。 On the other hand, for laser welding, continuous line joining is possible, and even when the later-described spot / laser composite welding method is used, there is no restriction on the distance between joint points, so strength can be achieved if it can be joined well. And there is a possibility that rigidity can be increased. However, laser welding has a drawback that the joint strength varies greatly depending on the size of the gap between the steel plates (hereinafter also referred to as “plate gap”). When a high-strength steel plate is used for at least one of the two superposed steel plates as the steel plates to be joined, the accuracy during pressing is reduced, so the presence of a plate gap is unavoidable during welding. Difficult to apply by welding alone. Therefore, means (spot / laser combined welding method) for performing laser welding after spot welding or resistance welding has been studied (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
このような接合方法で製造された継手は、強度や剛性面で良好な特性（継手特性）が得られると期待される。しかしながら、２枚の重ね合わせ鋼板のうち少なくとも１枚に高強度鋼板を用いて一般的なスポット溶接により作製した溶接継手のスポット溶接部の間にレーザ溶接を施しても継手特性の改善効果が十分に得られなかったり、継手特性がばらついたりする問題があった。 A joint manufactured by such a joining method is expected to have good characteristics (joint characteristics) in terms of strength and rigidity. However, even if laser welding is performed between spot welds of a welded joint produced by general spot welding using a high-strength steel sheet for at least one of the two laminated steel sheets, the effect of improving the joint characteristics is sufficient. However, there are problems that the joint characteristics are not obtained.
本発明は、上記問題点を解決するためになされたもので、高強度鋼板を含む重ね合わせ鋼板をスポット・レーザ複合溶接して得られる溶接継手であっても、継手強度に優れるスポット・レーザ複合溶接継手を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and even a welded joint obtained by spot-laser composite welding of superposed steel sheets including high-strength steel sheets is excellent in spot-laser composites. It is to provide a welded joint.
本発明者らは、２枚の重ね合わせ鋼板のうち少なくとも１枚に高強度鋼板を用いて一般的なスポット溶接により作製した溶接継手のスポット溶接部の間にレーザ溶接を施しても継手特性の改善効果が十分に得られなかったり、継手特性がばらついたりする原因について検討したところ、高強度鋼板を含む重ね合わせ鋼板をスポット溶接する場合、鋼板同士を確実に密接させて通電できるようにするためには、電極チップによる加圧力を高く設定する必要があり、高い加圧力で通電するとスポット溶接部が加圧により変形し、ナゲット周囲に板隙が形成され、その結果、スポット溶接に加えてレーザ溶接を施した際に適正な接合状態が実現できていないことがわかった。 The inventors of the present invention have the characteristics of a joint even if laser welding is performed between spot welds of a welded joint produced by general spot welding using a high-strength steel sheet for at least one of two laminated steel sheets. When we examined the cause of insufficient improvement effects and variations in joint characteristics, when spot-welding laminated steel sheets including high-strength steel sheets, to ensure that the steel sheets are in close contact with each other and can be energized Therefore, it is necessary to set the pressurizing force by the electrode tip high, and when energized with a high pressurizing force, the spot welded part is deformed by pressurization, and a plate gap is formed around the nugget. It was found that an appropriate joining state was not realized when welding was performed.
そこで、本発明者らは、スポット溶接とレーザ溶接を併用することで継手特性を最大限向上させ、かつ、安定的に継手特性を確保できる溶接継手を実現すべく、さらに検討を行った。その結果、レーザ溶接併用による継手強度向上効果を得るためには、ナゲット周囲の板隙が０．２ｍｍ以下になるようにする必要があることがわかった。一方、上記板隙を小さくするには、従来のスポット溶接法でも溶接電流を小さくしたり、電極チップによる加圧力を低下させたりすることで実現できるが、その場合、チリを発生させることなく十分な大きさのナゲット径を確保することができずスポット溶接部の強度を確保できない問題がある。そのため、上記板隙を０．２ｍｍ以下に小さくするのと同時に、スポット溶接部のナゲット径を４√ｔ（ｔ：平均板厚）以上確保すれば良いことに想到し、この知見に基づき、以下の発明を完成するに至った。 Therefore, the present inventors have further studied to realize a welded joint that can improve joint characteristics to the maximum by using spot welding and laser welding together and can stably secure joint characteristics. As a result, it has been found that in order to obtain the joint strength improving effect by the combined use of laser welding, it is necessary that the gap around the nugget be 0.2 mm or less. On the other hand, in order to reduce the above-mentioned gap, it can be realized by reducing the welding current or reducing the pressurizing force by the electrode tip even with the conventional spot welding method, but in that case, it is sufficient without generating dust. There is a problem that a nugget diameter of a large size cannot be secured and the strength of the spot welded portion cannot be secured. For this reason, it is conceived that the nugget diameter of the spot welded portion should be secured at least 4√t (t: average plate thickness) at the same time as reducing the above-mentioned gap to 0.2 mm or less. The present invention has been completed.
本発明に係る継手強度に優れるスポット・レーザ複合溶接継手は、
板厚がｔ１およびｔ２の２枚の鋼板が重ね合わされて溶接された溶接継手であって、
前記２枚のうち少なくとも１枚の鋼板は、引張強度５９０ＭＰａ以上の高強度鋼板であり、
２つ以上のスポット溶接部を備えるとともに、
隣接する各２つのスポット溶接部の間に、合計で２ｍｍ２以上の溶接面積を有するとともに、前記２枚の鋼板の合計板厚（ｔ１＋ｔ２）の８０％以上の溶込み深さを有する、１つまたは２つ以上のレーザ溶接部を備え、
前記２つ以上のスポット溶接部のナゲット径が、いずれも４√｛（ｔ１＋ｔ２）／２｝以上（ナゲット径、ｔ１およびｔ２の単位はすべてｍｍ）であり、
前記２つ以上のスポット溶接部のコロナボンド部の外側における、前記２枚の鋼板の間の隙間が、いずれも０．２ｍｍ以下である
ことを特徴とする。
The spot-laser composite welded joint with excellent joint strength according to the present invention is
A welded joint in which two steel plates having thicknesses t 1 and t 2 are overlapped and welded,
At least one of the two steel plates is a high strength steel plate having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more,
With two or more spot welds,
Between each two adjacent spot welds, it has a total welding area of 2 mm 2 or more, and has a penetration depth of 80% or more of the total thickness (t 1 + t 2 ) of the two steel plates. Comprising one or more laser welds,
The nugget diameters of the two or more spot welds are all 4√ {(t 1 + t 2 ) / 2} or more (nugget diameters, units of t 1 and t 2 are all mm),
The gap between the two steel plates on the outside of the corona bond part of the two or more spot welds is both 0.2 mm or less.
本発明によれば、所定のナゲット径を有するスポット溶接部の間に、所定の合計溶接面積で所定の溶込み深さを有するレーザ溶接部を設けるとともに、各スポット溶接部のコロナボンド部の外側における板隙を所定値以下とすることで、高強度鋼板を含む重ね合わせ鋼板をスポット・レーザ複合溶接して得られる溶接継手の継手強度を大幅に向上させることが可能となった。 According to the present invention, a laser welded portion having a predetermined total welding area and a predetermined penetration depth is provided between spot welded portions having a predetermined nugget diameter, and outside the corona bond portion of each spot welded portion. By making the sheet gap at or below a predetermined value or less, the joint strength of a welded joint obtained by spot-laser composite welding of superposed steel sheets including high-strength steel sheets can be greatly improved.
以下、図面を参照しつつ、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
本発明の実施形態に係るスポット溶接継手は、図１に示すように、板厚がｔ１およびｔ２の２枚の鋼板１，２が重ね合わされて溶接された溶接継手であって、前記２枚のうち少なくとも１枚の鋼板は、引張強度５９０ＭＰａ以上の高強度鋼板であり、２つ以上のスポット溶接部３，…，３を備えるとともに、隣接する各２つのスポット溶接部３，３の間に、合計で２ｍｍ２以上の溶接面積を有するとともに、前記２枚の鋼板１，２の合計板厚（ｔ１＋ｔ２）の８０％以上の溶込み深さｈＭを有する、１つまたは２つ以上のレーザ溶接部（本実施形態では１つのみの場合を例示）４，…，４を備え、前記２つ以上のスポット溶接部３，…，３のナゲット３１の径ｄＮが、いずれも４√｛（ｔ１＋ｔ２）／２｝以上（ｄＮ、ｔ１およびｔ２の単位はすべてｍｍ）であり、前記２つ以上のスポット溶接部３，…，３のコロナボンド部３２の外側における、前記２枚の鋼板１，２の間の隙間５，…，５が、いずれも０．２ｍｍ以下である。 As shown in FIG. 1, the spot welded joint according to the embodiment of the present invention is a welded joint in which two steel plates 1 and 2 having thicknesses t 1 and t 2 are overlapped and welded. At least one of the steel plates is a high-strength steel plate having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more, and includes two or more spot welds 3,..., 3 and between two adjacent spot welds 3, 3. 1 or 2 having a total welding area of 2 mm 2 or more and a penetration depth h M of 80% or more of the total thickness (t 1 + t 2 ) of the two steel plates 1 and 2. , 4 is provided, and the diameter d N of the nugget 31 of the two or more spot welds 3,. 4√ {(t 1 + t 2 ) / 2} or more (d N , t 1 and t units 2 are all mm), said two or more spot welds 3, ..., in the outer third corona bond part 32, the gap 5 between the two steel plates 1,2, ..., 5 However, both are 0.2 mm or less.
以下、本発明を規定する要件について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the requirements defining the present invention will be described in detail.
〔板厚がｔ１およびｔ２の２枚の鋼板１，２が重ね合わされて溶接された溶接継手〕
本発明に係る溶接継手は、薄鋼板の接合を対象としており、２枚の鋼板１，２の板厚ｔ１，ｔ２は、同じでも、異なっていてもよいが、ともに０．１〜５．０ｍｍの範囲、さらには、ともに０．２〜３．０ｍｍの範囲とするのが推奨される。
[A welded joint in which two steel plates 1 and 2 with thicknesses t 1 and t 2 are overlapped and welded]
The welded joint according to the present invention is intended for joining thin steel plates, and the thicknesses t 1 and t 2 of the two steel plates 1 and 2 may be the same or different, but both are 0.1 to 5 It is recommended that the range is 0.0 mm, and that both are in the range of 0.2 to 3.0 mm.
〔前記２枚のうち少なくとも１枚の鋼板は、引張強度５９０ＭＰａ以上の高強度鋼板〕
本発明の作用効果は、低強度の鋼板（例えば軟鋼）同士のスポット・レーザ溶接継手に対しても発現するが、上述したように本発明の課題は、高強度鋼板のスポット・レーザ複合溶接で顕在化することから、本発明は、２枚の鋼板１，２のうち少なくとも１枚の鋼板が高強度鋼板の場合を対象とする。すなわち、２枚とも高強度鋼板であってもよいし、１枚は高強度鋼板、他の１枚は低強度の鋼板（例えば軟鋼）の組み合わせであってもよい。また、２枚とも高強度鋼板の場合は、同じ種類の鋼板同士であってもよいし、異なる種類の組み合わせであってもよい。高強度鋼板としては、自動車骨格部品の部品強度を維持・向上させつつ、軽量化を図るため、引張強度が５９０ＭＰａ以上、好ましくは７８０ＭＰａ以上、さらに好ましくは９８０ＭＰａ以上のものを用いる。なお、鋼板の種類としては、冷延鋼板、亜鉛めっき鋼板、合金化亜鉛めっき鋼板、アルミめっき鋼板等、表面処理の有無、相違を問わない。
[At least one of the two steel plates is a high strength steel plate having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more]
The effects of the present invention are also manifested in spot-laser welded joints between low-strength steel plates (for example, mild steel). However, as described above, the subject of the present invention is spot / laser composite welding of high-strength steel plates. Since it becomes apparent, the present invention is directed to the case where at least one of the two steel plates 1 and 2 is a high-strength steel plate. That is, both may be high strength steel plates, one may be a combination of high strength steel plates, and the other may be a combination of low strength steel plates (for example, mild steel). Further, when both are high-strength steel plates, they may be the same type of steel plates, or may be a combination of different types. As the high-strength steel plate, one having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more, preferably 780 MPa or more, more preferably 980 MPa or more is used in order to reduce the weight while maintaining and improving the component strength of the automobile frame part. In addition, as a kind of steel plate, the presence or absence of surface treatment, such as a cold-rolled steel plate, a galvanized steel plate, an alloyed galvanized steel plate, an aluminum-plated steel plate, etc. do not ask | require.
〔隣接する各２つのスポット溶接部の間に、合計で２ｍｍ２以上の溶接面積を有するとともに、前記２枚の鋼板の合計板厚（ｔ１＋ｔ２）の８０％以上の溶込み深さを有する、１つまたは２つ以上のレーザ溶接部を備え〕
スポット溶接部３，３の間にレーザ溶接部を設けることで継手特性の向上効果を得るには、２ｍｍ２以上、好ましくは４ｍｍ２以上、さらに好ましくは４ｍｍ２以上の溶接面積で、２枚の鋼板１，２の合計板厚（ｔ１＋ｔ２）の８０％以上、好ましくは８５％以上、さらに好ましくは９０％以上の溶込み深さｈＭを確保することが必要である。また、レーザ溶接部の平面形状については、上記溶接面積が確保されれば、図１に例示するような円状に限らず、直線状、Ｃ字状、楕円状、螺旋状等、その形状は問わない。また、スポット溶接部３，３の間に設けるレーザ溶接部の個数（溶接点数）については、１つに限られず、溶接面積の合計（合計溶接面積）が上記値（２ｍｍ２以上、好ましくは４ｍｍ２以上、さらに好ましくは４ｍｍ２以上）を確保できるのであれば、２つ以上設けてもよい。
[Between each two adjacent spot welds, the welding area has a total welding area of 2 mm 2 or more, and a penetration depth of 80% or more of the total thickness (t 1 + t 2 ) of the two steel sheets. Having one or more laser welds)
To obtain the effect of improving joint characteristics by providing a laser weld between the spot welds 3,3, 2 mm 2 or more, preferably 4 mm 2 or more, more preferably 4 mm 2 or more welding area, two the total thickness of the steel plate 1,2 (t 1 + t 2) 80% or more, preferably should be 85% or more, more preferably to ensure a penetration depth h M of 90% or more. Further, the planar shape of the laser welded portion is not limited to the circular shape illustrated in FIG. 1 as long as the welding area is ensured, and the shape thereof is linear, C-shaped, elliptical, spiral, etc. It doesn't matter. Further, the number of laser welds provided between the spot welds 3 and 3 (the number of welding points) is not limited to one, and the total weld area (total weld area) is the above value (2 mm 2 or more, preferably 4 mm). As long as 2 or more, more preferably 4 mm 2 or more) can be secured, two or more may be provided.
〔前記２つ以上のスポット溶接部３，…，３のナゲット３１の径ｄＮが、いずれも４√｛（ｔ１＋ｔ２）／２｝以上（ｄＮ、ｔ１およびｔ２の単位はすべてｍｍ）〕
各スポット溶接部の強度を確保するには、十分な溶接面積を確保する必要があるため、ナゲット径ｄＮは、４√｛（ｔ１＋ｔ２）／２｝以上、好ましくは４．５√｛（ｔ１＋ｔ２）／２｝以上、さらに好ましくは５√｛（ｔ１＋ｔ２）／２｝以上とする。ここで、スポット溶接では継手強度をナゲット径で管理することが一般的に行われており、板厚ｔ（単位：ｍｍ）の薄鋼板同士の重ね合わせスポット溶接では、ナゲット径を４√ｔ以上あるいは５√ｔ以上とすることが要求されている。本発明における上記ナゲット径ｄＮの規定は、これに倣って４√ｔ以上、好ましくは４．５√ｔ以上、さらに好ましくは５√ｔとし、板厚ｔとして平均板厚（ｔ１＋ｔ２）／２を採用したものである。
[The diameters d N of the nuggets 31 of the two or more spot welds 3,..., 3 are all 4√ {(t 1 + t 2 ) / 2} or more (units of d N , t 1 and t 2 are All mm))
In order to secure the strength of each spot weld, it is necessary to secure a sufficient welding area, so the nugget diameter d N is 4√ {(t 1 + t 2 ) / 2} or more, preferably 4.5√. {(T 1 + t 2 ) / 2} or more, more preferably 5√ {(t 1 + t 2 ) / 2} or more. Here, in spot welding, the joint strength is generally managed by the nugget diameter. In the overlap spot welding of thin steel sheets having a thickness t (unit: mm), the nugget diameter is 4√t or more. Alternatively, it is required to be 5√t or more. According to this, the nugget diameter d N in the present invention is set to 4√t or more, preferably 4.5√t or more, more preferably 5√t, and the plate thickness t is the average plate thickness (t 1 + t 2). ) / 2.
〔前記２つ以上のスポット溶接部３，…，３のコロナボンド部３２の外側における、前記２枚の鋼板１，２の間の隙間５，…，５が、いずれも０．２ｍｍ以下〕
重ね合わせ部をレーザ溶接する場合、レーザ出力と送り速度で決まる入熱量が小さすぎると溶け込み不良により接合不足となり、大きすぎると溶け落ちが発生するため健全な溶接部が確保できず、適正範囲の入熱量で健全な接合が可能になる。板隙が大きくなりすぎると、接合不足となる入熱量の範囲が拡大して、適正範囲がなくなってしまうため継手特性が劣化する。また、板隙が中間的な大きさの領域では、入熱量の適正範囲が狭いため、健全な溶接部が得られたり、溶込み不良や溶け落ちが発生したりして継手特性のバラつきが大きくなる。そのため、スポット溶接部のナゲット３１の周囲（コロナボンド部３２の外側）に形成される板隙５は安定的にレーザ溶接部の継手強度が確保できるように０．２ｍｍ以下、好ましくは０．１５ｍｍ以下、さらに好ましくは０．１ｍｍ以下にする必要がある。
[The gaps 5,..., 5 between the two steel plates 1, 2 outside the corona bond portion 32 of the two or more spot welds 3,.
When laser welding the overlapped part, if the heat input determined by the laser output and feed rate is too small, the weld will be insufficient due to poor penetration, and if it is too large, it will burn out, so a sound welded part cannot be secured and the proper range is not reached. Sound joining is possible with the amount of heat input. If the gap becomes too large, the range of heat input that results in insufficient bonding is expanded and the appropriate range is lost, so the joint characteristics deteriorate. Also, in the area where the plate gap is intermediate, the appropriate range of heat input is narrow, so a sound welded part can be obtained, poor penetration and burnout can occur, and the joint characteristics vary greatly. Become. Therefore, the gap 5 formed around the nugget 31 of the spot welded portion (outside of the corona bond portion 32) is 0.2 mm or less, preferably 0.15 mm so that the joint strength of the laser welded portion can be secured stably. In the following, it is more preferable that the thickness be 0.1 mm or less.
つぎに、本発明に係る溶接継手の好ましい作製方法を説明する。 Next, a preferred method for producing a welded joint according to the present invention will be described.
〔本発明に係る溶接継手の好ましい作製方法〕
従来のように、ＤＲ型や先端平滑型などの通常の電極チップ（図２（ａ）参照）を用い、鋼板の重ね合わせ部を一対の電極チップで挟み込んでスポット溶接を行う場合、ナゲット径を大きくするために溶接電流を高めていくと、抵抗発熱により加熱されて溶融した領域が２枚の鋼板の重ね合わせ面に沿って外方向に向かって広がりながらナゲットが形成されるため、中チリが発生しやすくなり、接手強度が劣化してしまう。また、上記溶融領域を鋼板の重ね合わせ面から外方向に広がらせないようにしようとして、電極チップによる加圧力を高めると、電極チップの周りの２枚の鋼板の間が開いてしまい、その開いた隙間（板隙）を通じて溶融物が外方向にはみ出すため、却って中チリの発生につながり、接手強度が劣化してしまう問題がある。したがって、従来の電極チップを用い、溶接電流や加圧力を制御する方法では、本発明で規定するスポット溶接部のナゲット径とナゲット周囲の板隙の要件をともに満足させることは困難である。
[Preferred production method of welded joint according to the present invention]
When performing spot welding using a conventional electrode tip (see FIG. 2 (a)) such as a DR type or a tip smooth type and sandwiching the overlapping portion of the steel plates with a pair of electrode tips as in the conventional case, the nugget diameter is When the welding current is increased to increase the size, the nugget is formed while the region heated and melted by the resistance heating spreads outward along the overlapping surface of the two steel plates. It becomes easy to generate | occur | produce and joint strength will deteriorate. In addition, when the pressure applied by the electrode tip is increased so as to prevent the molten region from spreading outward from the steel plate overlapping surface, the gap between the two steel plates around the electrode tip opens, and the open Since the melt flows out through the gaps (plate gaps), there is a problem that the middle strength is generated and the joint strength is deteriorated. Therefore, it is difficult to satisfy both the nugget diameter of the spot weld and the gap around the nugget defined by the present invention by the conventional method of controlling the welding current and the applied pressure using the electrode tip.
そこで、本発明者らは、本発明で規定するスポット溶接部のナゲット径とナゲット周囲の板隙の要件をともに満足させる手段について種々検討した結果、例えば、以下の手段により容易かつ確実に、これらの要件をともに満足させ得ることを見出した。 Therefore, as a result of various investigations on means for satisfying both the nugget diameter of the spot welded portion and the gap clearance around the nugget defined in the present invention, the present inventors, for example, can easily and reliably use the following means. It was found that both requirements can be satisfied.
すなわち、電極チップを、チップ中心部とチップ外周部に分けて別体で構成し、チップ中心部は従来の電極チップと同様の銅系材料からなり、チップ外周部は高熱伝導性材料からなるものとし、さらにチップ中心部とチップ外周部の間に非電導性膜を介在させ、チップ中心部とチップ外周部とを独立して加圧力が調整できるように構成した電極チップ（本明細書では「外周部加圧型電極チップ」と呼ぶ。）を用いる（図２（ｂ）参照）。そして、スポット溶接に際し、電流値と、チップ中心部およびチップ外周部の加圧力とを独立して調整することで、本発明で規定するスポット溶接部のナゲット径とナゲット周囲の板隙をともに満足させることができる。 That is, the electrode tip is divided into a tip central portion and a tip outer peripheral portion, and the tip tip is made of a copper-based material similar to a conventional electrode tip, and the tip outer peripheral portion is made of a highly heat conductive material. In addition, an electrode chip (in this specification, “a non-conductive film is interposed between the chip center part and the chip outer peripheral part) and the pressure force can be adjusted independently between the chip center part and the chip outer peripheral part. (Referred to as “peripheral pressure electrode tip”) (see FIG. 2B). In spot welding, the current value and the applied pressure at the tip center and tip periphery are independently adjusted to satisfy both the nugget diameter of the spot weld and the gap around the nugget defined in the present invention. Can be made.
つまり、チップ中心部に通電し、２枚の鋼板の接触面間で発熱させてナゲットを形成させる一方、チップ外周部には、非電導性膜でチップ中心部との間を絶縁することで、通電させず、かつ、熱伝導性の高い材料を鋼板に接触させて抜熱しながら適度な加圧力で挟みつける。 In other words, the chip center is energized, and heat is generated between the contact surfaces of the two steel plates to form a nugget, while the outer periphery of the chip is insulated from the chip center by a non-conductive film, A material having high thermal conductivity is brought into contact with the steel sheet without being energized, and is sandwiched with an appropriate pressure while removing heat.
これにより、鋼板の合わせ面からの溶融物のはみ出しを防止することで中チリの発生を抑制して、十分に大きなナゲット径を確保するとともに、形成されたナゲットの周囲を冷却することで、ナゲット周囲における板隙の拡大が抑制されることになる。 This prevents the melt from protruding from the mating surfaces of the steel plates, thereby suppressing the generation of medium dust, ensuring a sufficiently large nugget diameter, and cooling the periphery of the formed nugget, Expansion of the gap in the surroundings is suppressed.
この結果、本発明で規定するナゲット径およびナゲット周囲の板隙をともに満足させることが可能となる。 As a result, it is possible to satisfy both the nugget diameter and the gap around the nugget defined in the present invention.
そして、上記外周部加圧型電極チップによるスポット溶接と並行して、または、前記スポット溶接の後に、当該スポット溶接により形成される、または、形成された、隣接する２つのスポット溶接部の間に、レーザ出力と送り速度を適宜調整してレーザ溶接することにより、合計で２ｍｍ２以上の溶接面積を有するとともに、前記２枚の鋼板の合計板厚（ｔ１＋ｔ２）の８０％以上の溶込み深さを有する、１つまたは２つ以上のレーザ溶接部を形成させればよい。 And in parallel with the spot welding by the outer peripheral pressure electrode tip or after the spot welding, or formed by the spot welding, or between the two adjacent spot welding parts formed, Laser welding is performed by appropriately adjusting the laser output and feed rate, so that the total weld area is 2 mm 2 or more, and the penetration is 80% or more of the total thickness (t 1 + t 2 ) of the two steel plates. One or more laser welds having a depth may be formed.
なお、上記外周部加圧型電極チップによるスポット溶接に代えて、図３に示すように、ＤＲ型や先端平滑型などの通常の電極チップ１１，１１の周りにガス冷却ノズル１２，…，１２を設置し、電極チップ周囲を強制冷却しながらスポット溶接する（この場合、パルス通電を行うことで、さらに強制冷却の効果を高めることができる）ことでも、中チリの発生を抑制して、十分に大きなナゲット径を確保しつつ、ナゲット周囲における板隙の拡大が抑制され、本発明で規定するナゲット径およびナゲット周囲の板隙をともに満足させることが可能である。 Instead of spot welding with the outer peripheral pressure electrode tip, gas cooling nozzles 12,..., 12 are provided around normal electrode tips 11, 11 such as a DR type and a smooth tip as shown in FIG. Installation and spot welding while forcibly cooling the periphery of the electrode tip (in this case, the effect of forced cooling can be further increased by applying pulse energization) is sufficient to suppress the occurrence of medium dust. While securing a large nugget diameter, expansion of the gap around the nugget is suppressed, and it is possible to satisfy both the nugget diameter and the gap around the nugget defined in the present invention.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記実施例によって限定されるものではなく、前・後記の趣旨に適合しうる範囲で適宜変更して実施することも可能であり、それらはいずれも本発明の技術的範囲に包含される。 The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and may be appropriately modified and implemented within a range that can meet the purpose described above and below. Are all possible and are within the scope of the present invention.
被接合鋼板として、表１に示す成分組成を有する鋼板を用い、表２に示す鋼種および板厚の２枚の鋼板を種々組み合わせて重ね合わせスポット・レーザ複合溶接を行った。具体的には、図４、図５に示すように、幅６０ｍｍ×長さ１５０ｍｍの鋼板の板幅方向に中心点間隔４０ｍｍで２点のスポット溶接を行い、その後、この２つのスポット溶接部の間の１箇所（１点）にレーザ溶接を施して溶接継手を作製した。図４はレーザ溶接部を円状に形成したもの、図５はレーザ溶接部を直線状に形成したもの、をそれぞれ示す。 The steel plates having the composition shown in Table 1 were used as the steel plates to be joined, and the two types of steel plates having the steel grades and plate thicknesses shown in Table 2 were combined in various ways to perform overlap spot / laser composite welding. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, spot welding is performed at two points at a center point interval of 40 mm in the plate width direction of a steel plate having a width of 60 mm × length of 150 mm, and then, Laser welding was performed at one point (one point) between them to produce a welded joint. FIG. 4 shows a laser welded portion formed in a circular shape, and FIG. 5 shows a laser welded portion formed in a linear shape.
スポット溶接装置としては、単相交流式抵抗スポット溶接機（５０Ｈｚ）を用い、図６に概略の断面形状を示す（ａ）通常のクロム銅合金製のＤＲ型電極チップ、または、（ｂ）外周加圧型電極チップのいずれかを取り付けたものを用いた。（ｂ）の外周加圧型電極チップとしては、チップ中心部、チップ外周部ともにクロム銅合金製とし、非導電性膜としてＡｌＮ膜をチップ中心部に被覆することで、チップ外周部とを電気的に絶縁し、チップ中心部とチップ外周部とを摺動可能にバネで締結したものを用いた。そして、このバネのバネ定数を調整することにより、チップ中心部とチップ外周部とによる加圧力の分配を３：１の比率とした。また、レーザ溶接装置としては、ＩＰＧ製１０ｋＷファイバーレーザ接合機 ＹＬＲ−１００００を用いた。 As a spot welding apparatus, a single phase AC resistance spot welding machine (50 Hz) is used, and FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional shape (a) a normal chrome copper alloy DR electrode tip, or (b) outer periphery. What attached one of the pressure type electrode tips was used. As the outer peripheral pressure type electrode tip of (b), both the tip central portion and the tip outer peripheral portion are made of chrome copper alloy, and the tip peripheral portion is electrically connected by covering the tip central portion with an AlN film as a non-conductive film. The tip center part and the chip outer peripheral part were slidably fastened with a spring. Then, by adjusting the spring constant of this spring, the distribution of the applied pressure between the tip central portion and the tip outer peripheral portion was set to a ratio of 3: 1. Moreover, as a laser welding apparatus, IPG 10kW fiber laser bonding machine YLR-10000 was used.
そして、表２に示す溶接条件で、スポット溶接の全加圧力（チップ中心部とチップ外周部とによる合計加圧力）、電流値および通電時間、ならびに、レーザ溶接の出力および溶接速度を種々変更してスポット・レーザ複合溶接を行った。なお、試験Ｎｏ．１−１１では、（ａ）の通常のクロム銅合金製のＤＲ型電極チップの周りにガス冷却ノズルを設置した装置（図５参照）を用い、冷却ガスとしてＡｒガスを２０ＮＬ／ｍｉｎの流量で吹き付けながら、パルス通電５回（１回あたり６ｍｓ）の条件でスポット溶接を行った。 Under the welding conditions shown in Table 2, the total welding pressure (total pressure applied by the tip center and the tip outer periphery), current value and energization time, laser welding output and welding speed were variously changed. Spot-laser composite welding was performed. In addition, Test No. 1-11 uses the apparatus (see FIG. 5) in which a gas cooling nozzle is installed around the DR electrode tip made of a normal chromium copper alloy (a), and Ar gas is supplied at a flow rate of 20 NL / min as a cooling gas. While spraying, spot welding was performed under the condition of pulse energization 5 times (6 ms per time).
試験結果を表３に示す。 The test results are shown in Table 3.
ここに、溶接後の溶接継手について、先ず、平面視にてレーザ溶接部の合計溶接面積を測定する。次いで、２つのスポット溶接部のナゲットの平面視中心同士を通る板厚方向断面を切り出し、同断面の画像を撮影したものを画像解析することにより、スポット溶接部のナゲット径およびナゲット周囲の板隙、ならびに、レーザ溶接部の溶込み深さを測定した。なお、２つのナゲット外側における最大隙間をナゲット周囲の板隙と定義した。また、レーザ溶接部の平均深さをレーザ溶接部の溶込み深さと定義した。 Here, regarding the welded joint after welding, first, the total weld area of the laser welded portion is measured in a plan view. Next, a section in the plate thickness direction passing through the center in plan view of the nugget of the two spot welds is cut out, and an image of the image of the cross section taken is analyzed to obtain the nugget diameter of the spot weld and the plate gap around the nugget. In addition, the penetration depth of the laser weld was measured. The maximum gap on the outside of the two nuggets was defined as the gap around the nugget. Moreover, the average depth of the laser weld was defined as the penetration depth of the laser weld.
また、上記と同一条件で作製した溶接継手について、別途、せん断引張試験を実施し、破断時の継手強度を測定した。 Moreover, about the welded joint produced on the same conditions as the above, the shear tension test was separately implemented and the joint strength at the time of a fracture | rupture was measured.
継手強度は、スポット溶接部のナゲット径、レーザ溶接部の溶接面積および溶込み深さだけでなく、母材の鋼板強度、板厚等にも大きく影響を受けるため、その絶対値で発明の効果を評価することが難しい。 The joint strength is greatly influenced not only by the nugget diameter of the spot weld, the weld area and penetration depth of the laser weld, but also by the strength of the steel plate and the thickness of the base metal. It is difficult to evaluate.
そこで、本実施例では、２枚の鋼板（母材）の鋼種および板厚の組み合わせが同じで、スポット溶接の電極チップとして従来のＤＲ型のものを用い、２点のスポット溶接のみ（レーザ溶接は行わない）で作製した溶接継手の継手強度を基準とし、スポット溶接の電極チップの形式および溶接条件、ならびにレーザ溶接の溶接条件を変更して溶接継手を作製し、その結果得られた継手強度が前記基準に対して２０％以上高い値を示した場合を、優れた継手強度を有する溶接継手が得られたとして合格（○）と判定し、２０％に満たない場合を不合格（×）と判定した。さらに、前記基準に対して２５％以上高い値を示した場合には、より優れた継手強度を有する溶接継手が得られたとして◎で表示し、前記基準に対して３０％以上高い値を示した場合には、特に優れた継手強度が得られたとして◎◎で表示して区別した。 Therefore, in this embodiment, the combination of the steel types and thicknesses of the two steel plates (base materials) is the same, and the conventional DR type is used as the electrode tip for spot welding, and only two-point spot welding (laser welding) is performed. The weld joint was manufactured by changing the spot welding electrode tip type and welding conditions, and the laser welding conditions, based on the joint strength of the welded joint produced in Is 20% or more higher than the above standard, a welded joint having excellent joint strength is obtained as a pass (○), and a case where it is less than 20% is rejected (×). It was determined. Furthermore, when a value higher by 25% or more than the standard is shown, it is indicated by ◎ that a welded joint having better joint strength was obtained, and a value higher by 30% or more than the standard is shown. In this case, it was distinguished by being marked with ◎◎ because particularly excellent joint strength was obtained.
表３において、試験Ｎｏ．１−４〜１−６、１―１１、２−２、３−２の溶接継手は、本発明の要件を全て満たす発明例である。いずれの発明例の溶接継手も、継手強度は、基準より２０％以上高くなっており、継手強度が大幅に改善されていることがわかる。 In Table 3, test no. The weld joints 1-4 to 1-6, 1-11, 2-2, and 3-2 are invention examples that satisfy all the requirements of the present invention. In any of the welded joints of the invention examples, the joint strength is 20% or more higher than the reference, and it can be seen that the joint strength is greatly improved.
これに対して、試験Ｎｏ．１−１、２−１、３−１の溶接継手は、通常のＤＲ型電極チップを用いてスポット溶接のみで作製した基準となる溶接継手（比較例）であり、スポット溶接部のナゲット径は本発明の規定を満たすものの、レーザ溶接を施していないため、十分に高い継手強度が得られていない。 In contrast, test no. The weld joints of 1-1, 2-1, and 3-1 are weld joints (comparative examples) serving as a reference, which are produced only by spot welding using a normal DR electrode tip, and the nugget diameter of the spot weld portion is Although satisfy | filling the prescription | regulation of this invention, since the laser welding is not given, sufficiently high joint intensity | strength is not obtained.
また、試験Ｎｏ．１−２、１−３、１−７〜１−１０の溶接継手は、本発明の要件のいずれかを満足しない比較例である。これらの比較例の溶接継手の継手強度は、基準の溶接継手（試験Ｎｏ．１−１）の継手強度からの向上効果が２０％に満たず、改善効果が不足していることがわかる。 In addition, Test No. The weld joints of 1-2, 1-3, and 1-7 to 1-10 are comparative examples that do not satisfy any of the requirements of the present invention. The joint strength of the welded joints of these comparative examples shows that the improvement effect from the joint strength of the standard welded joint (Test No. 1-1) is less than 20%, and the improvement effect is insufficient.
例えば、試験Ｎｏ．１−２、１−３の溶接継手は、スポット溶接した後にレーザ溶接を施したことで、スポット溶接部のナゲット径、レーザ溶接部の溶込み深さおよび合計溶接面積は本発明の規定を満たすものの、スポット溶接を通常のＤＲ型電極チップで行ったため、板隙が大きくなり、十分な継手強度の向上効果が得られていない。 For example, test no. The welded joints 1-2 and 1-3 were subjected to laser welding after spot welding, so that the nugget diameter of the spot welded portion, the penetration depth of the laser welded portion, and the total weld area satisfy the provisions of the present invention. However, since spot welding was performed with a normal DR-type electrode tip, the plate gap increased, and a sufficient joint strength improvement effect was not obtained.
また、試験Ｎｏ．１−７〜１−１０の溶接継手は、外周加圧式の電極チップを用いてスポット溶接した後に、レーザ溶接を施したものの、試験Ｎｏ．１−７はレーザ溶接部の合計溶接面積が不足し、試験Ｎｏ．１−８はスポット溶接時における溶接電流が低すぎたためナゲット径が不足し、試験Ｎｏ．１−９はレーザ出力が高すぎたためレーザ溶接部が溶け落ちてしまい、試験Ｎｏ．１−１０はレーザ溶接時の溶接速度が高すぎたため溶込み深さが不足し、いずれも、十分な継手強度の向上効果が得られていない。 In addition, Test No. The weld joints 1-7 to 1-10 were subjected to laser welding after spot welding using an outer peripheral pressurization type electrode tip. In No. 1-7, the total weld area of the laser welded portion was insufficient, and test No. In No. 1-8, since the welding current at the time of spot welding was too low, the nugget diameter was insufficient. In No. 1-9, since the laser output was too high, the laser weld was melted. In 1-10, since the welding speed at the time of laser welding was too high, the penetration depth was insufficient, and in any case, a sufficient effect of improving the joint strength was not obtained.
以上の結果より明らかなように、本発明を適用することで、引張強度が５９０ＭＰａ以上の高強度鋼板を含む重ね合わせ鋼板をスポット・レーザ複合溶接して得られる溶接継手であっても、継手強度に優れるスポット・レーザ複合溶接継手を提供できることが確認された。 As is clear from the above results, by applying the present invention, even a welded joint obtained by spot-laser composite welding of a laminated steel sheet including a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more can be obtained. It was confirmed that a spot-laser composite welded joint with excellent resistance can be provided.
１，２…鋼板
３…スポット溶接部
３１…ナゲット
３２…コロナボンド部
４…レーザ溶接部
５…２枚の鋼板１，２の間の隙間（板隙）
ｔ１、ｔ２…板厚
ｄＮ…ナゲット径
ｈＭ…溶込み深さ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 ... Steel plate 3 ... Spot welding part 31 ... Nugget 32 ... Corona bond part 4 ... Laser welding part 5 ... Gap (sheet gap) between the two steel plates 1, 2
t 1 , t 2 ... plate thickness d N ... nugget diameter h M ... penetration depth
Claims (1)
前記２枚のうち少なくとも１枚の鋼板は、引張強度５９０ＭＰａ以上の高強度鋼板であり、
２つ以上のスポット溶接部を備えるとともに、
隣接する各２つのスポット溶接部の間に、合計で２ｍｍ２以上の溶接面積を有するとともに、前記２枚の鋼板の合計板厚（ｔ１＋ｔ２）の８０％以上の溶込み深さを有する、１つまたは２つ以上のレーザ溶接部を備え、
前記２つ以上のスポット溶接部のナゲット径が、いずれも４√｛（ｔ１＋ｔ２）／２｝以上（ナゲット径、ｔ１およびｔ２の単位はすべてｍｍ）であり、
前記２つ以上のスポット溶接部のコロナボンド部の外側における、前記２枚の鋼板の間の隙間が、いずれも０．２ｍｍ以下である
ことを特徴とする継手強度に優れるスポット・レーザ複合溶接継手。 A welded joint in which two steel plates having thicknesses t 1 and t 2 are overlapped and welded,
At least one of the two steel plates is a high strength steel plate having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more,
With two or more spot welds,
Between each two adjacent spot welds, it has a total welding area of 2 mm 2 or more, and has a penetration depth of 80% or more of the total thickness (t 1 + t 2 ) of the two steel plates. Comprising one or more laser welds,
The nugget diameters of the two or more spot welds are all 4√ {(t 1 + t 2 ) / 2} or more (nugget diameters, units of t 1 and t 2 are all mm),
A spot / laser composite welded joint with excellent joint strength, wherein the gap between the two steel plates outside the corona bond part of the two or more spot welded parts is 0.2 mm or less. .
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