JP2015010864A - Dynamic load testing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dynamic load testing device which allows a shape of an acceleration waveform obtained as a result of a test to be obtained as a smooth curve and is capable of reducing the probability of unsuccessful testing.SOLUTION: A stop mechanism for suddenly stopping an accelerated thread 20 comprises a plurality of linear stop members 40 which extend in a direction of horizontal both sides facing the front of the thread 20 and are arranged side by side in a longitudinal direction and have both ends releasable from sealed states and, in response to successive collisions therewith of the front of the thread 20, are plastically deformed while absorbing an impact force of the collisions to have both ends released from the sealed states. In the front of the thread 20, a projection 22 which collides with each stop member 40 in a position nearer to the center than to both side end parts 21 of the thread 20 before a simultaneous collision with each stop member 40 of both side end parts 21 is provided.

Description

  The present invention relates to a dynamic load test apparatus for reproducing an impact caused by a dynamic load applied at the time of a collision, and more particularly to an apparatus intended for a dynamic load test in an emergency take-off and landing state of an aircraft seat.

  Conventionally, safety standards have been established for vehicle seats to ensure safety. When developing seat technology, various tests are conducted from various viewpoints, and test result data is analyzed to ensure safety. It was necessary to meet the standards. Among the various tests, the dynamic load test aimed at increasing the survival rate in the event of a collision accident was carried out using a human body dummy to reproduce a state close to the actual accident occurrence.

  As an apparatus for performing a dynamic load test, for example, an apparatus described in Patent Document 1 is known in order to reproduce an automobile collision accident. In the technique described in Patent Document 1, a seat is fixed on a sled and a dummy is seated, and the sled is driven by a driving device for launching, or a toeboard support on which a dummy leg rests is mounted on a hydraulic cylinder (toeboard drive The device is configured to be movable back and forth.

  The technique described in Patent Document 1 has a complicated thread drive system and is very expensive. Therefore, as a device for simply performing a dynamic load test, for example, a device for accelerating a sled on a rail using a falling motion of a weight in order to reproduce an accident during takeoff and landing of an aircraft is also known. The accelerated sled is suddenly stopped by sequentially colliding with a stopping material that is a plurality of wires, and acceleration is applied to the specimen on the sled. Here, the thread is set so that both front side portions thereof collide with the stopping material at the same time.

  In such a device, a plurality of stop materials are arranged in front and back, and each stop material receives impact and deforms in the longitudinal direction while allowing deformation, thereby measuring the dynamic load applied at the time of collision. Met. The time-dependent change of the measured dynamic load is graphed as an acceleration waveform by the analyzer (see FIG. 31). It is important how the acceleration waveform is brought close to a predetermined ideal waveform (see FIG. 32). Moreover, about the shape of the acceleration waveform obtained by the actual dynamic load test, some severe conditions were imposed for the test to be considered effective.

JP 2002-062230 A

  In the above-described dynamic load test apparatus using the falling motion of the weight, the shape of the acceleration waveform obtained as a result of the experiment is controlled by the number and length of the stop members. At present, the number of stopping materials that can be installed is limited within the limited space of the test site, and the stopping power of each stopping material is relatively strong. Therefore, the behavior of each stop material has greatly influenced the shape of the acceleration waveform.

  That is, since the stopping force of the stopping material is strong, the influence of each stopping material becomes large, and the obtained acceleration waveform has a shaky shape (see FIG. 31A). Here, if the wobble of the waveform is large, the condition for the test to be regarded as valid is not satisfied, and the result of the dynamic load test is regarded as invalid. Therefore, there is a big problem that the probability that the dynamic load test is not established is high.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to the problems of the prior art as described above, and a plurality of stopping forces obtained from one stopping material can be obtained without changing the number of limited stopping materials. By dividing into stages, it is possible to smooth the behavior of each stop material and transmit it as the stopping force of the thread, and the shape of the obtained acceleration waveform can be made into a smooth curve, the probability of failure of the test It is an object of the present invention to provide a dynamic load test apparatus that can reduce the load.

The gist of the present invention for achieving the object described above resides in the inventions of the following items.
[1] In a dynamic load test apparatus (10) for reproducing a dynamic load applied at the time of a collision,
A sled (20) installed so as to be movable in a certain direction with the specimen mounted thereon;
An acceleration mechanism for accelerating the sled (20) to a predetermined speed;
A stop mechanism that applies a dynamic load by suddenly stopping the sled (20) by colliding the sled (20) after the sled (20) reaches a predetermined speed;
The stop mechanism extends in both horizontal horizontal directions facing the front of the thread (20) and is arranged in a plurality of front and rear sides, and can be detached from a state in which both ends are respectively hooked. When the front sequentially collides, it comprises a linear stop material (40) that detaches from the state where both ends are hooked while plastically deforming while absorbing the impact force,
In front of the thread (20), before the both end portions (21) collide with the respective stop members (40) at the same time, the respective stop members (40) at a position closer to the center than the both end portions (21). A dynamic load test device (10), characterized in that a protrusion (22) that collides with the load is provided.

  [2] The dynamic load testing device (10) according to [1], wherein the protrusion (22) is detachably fixed to the front of the thread (20).

[3] The protrusion (22) includes a receiving part (210) that directly collides with the stop member (40).
The dynamic load testing device (10) according to [1] or [2], wherein the receiving portion (210) is configured to be detachable from the protruding portion (22).

[4] Both end portions (21) of the thread (20) include receiving portions (210) that directly collide with the stopping material (40),
The said receiving part (210) is comprised so that attachment or detachment is possible from the said both-sides edge part (21), It is a shared part with the receiving part (210) of the said protrusion part (22), The said [3] characterized by the above-mentioned. The dynamic load test apparatus (10) described in 1.

[5] The thread (20) is movably installed on a rail (11) extending in the front-rear direction on the floor surface via a wheel (23) fixed to the bottom surface side,
The wheel (23) is configured as a unit, and is detachably fixed to the bottom surface side of the thread (20) in a state where the thread (20) is installed on the rail (11). The dynamic load test apparatus (10) according to [1], [2], [3] or [4].

[6] Provided on the bottom side of the thread (20) is a holding mechanism (24) that movably engages the rail (11) to prevent detachment from the rail (11),
The holding mechanism (24) is configured as a unit, and the sled (20) is detachably fixed to the bottom side of the sled (20) in a state where the sled (20) is installed on the rail (11). The dynamic load test apparatus (10) according to [5], which is characterized by the above.

[7] A top plate (25) for mounting the specimen is detachably provided on the upper surface side of the thread (20).
A plurality of screw holes (252) for attaching the specimen to the top plate (25) are drilled while being aligned in a certain direction intersecting at a predetermined angle with respect to the front-rear direction of the thread (20),
Each of the screw holes (252) can be mounted in the direction opposite to the left and right so that the specimen obliquely intersects with the front-rear direction of the thread (20) by turning the top plate (25) upside down. The dynamic load testing device (10) according to [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] or [6], characterized in that

  [8] In the above [7], the top plate (25) is divided into two in the plane direction, and each of the divided pieces can be separately attached to and detached from the upper surface side of the thread (20). Dynamic load testing device (10).

  [9] The above-mentioned [7] or [8], wherein an anti-vibration rubber sheet is interposed between the upper surface side of the thread (20) and the top plate (25). Dynamic load test device (10).

[10] The acceleration mechanism includes a weight (31) fixed to a tip of a wire rope (30) connected to the front of the thread (20), and the weight (31) is dropped in a vertical direction to thereby reduce the thread. (20) is accelerated,
A hook (26) for hooking the base end of the wire rope (30) is provided in front of the thread (20), and the hook (26) is a trunk (261) attached in a state of extending in the front-rear direction. [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [6], [6], [6], [6], [6] 7], [8] or [9].

  [11] The front end side of the body portion (261) of the hook (26) is formed as a bolt (261a) that is screwed and fixed to a front mounting portion (260) of the thread (20). The dynamic load test device (10) according to [10], wherein a nut (263) is screwed separately to a tip of the bolt (261a) protruding from (260).

  [12] The guide (270) for guiding the wire rope (30) extending from the hook (26) to the front of the protrusion (22) is provided on the protrusion (22). 10] or the dynamic load test apparatus (10) according to [11].

[13] The thread (20) is composed of a rectangular frame (201) formed by combining H-shaped steel (200) as a frame material, and the H-shaped steel (200) includes two parallel extending in the longitudinal direction. Each of the flanges (200a, 200a) and a single web (200b) connecting the central portions between the flanges (200a),
When combining the H-section steels (200), the end portions of one H-section steel (200) are fitted in the recesses between the upper and lower flanges (200a) of the other H-section steel (200) on the side to be abutted. [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], wherein a part of the flange (200a) at the end is cut out into a combined shape and welded. , [7], [8], [9], [10], [11] or [12].

[14] The unit including the wheel (23) includes a casing (231) that is detachably fixed in a state of being positioned on the bottom surface side of the thread (20).
The casing (231) includes a pair of side walls (233, 233) that are spaced apart from and parallel to the upper surface (232) of the casing (231).
The wheel (23) is configured in advance as a single product rotatably supported on a rotating shaft (23a), and both ends of the rotating shaft (23a) are horizontal in the horizontal direction between the side walls (233). The dynamic load test apparatus (10) according to the above [5], wherein the dynamic load test apparatus (10) is pivotally supported so as to be detachable in a positioned state extending to the position.

Next, the operation based on the above solution will be described.
According to the dynamic load test apparatus (10) described in [1] above, the specimen is mounted on the sled (20) installed so as to be movable in a fixed direction, and the sled (20) in a state in which this specimen is mounted. Is accelerated to a predetermined speed by an acceleration mechanism. Here, the predetermined speed is calculated in advance based on the maximum impact force required in the dynamic load test.

  Then, after the thread (20) reaches a predetermined speed, the thread (20) is suddenly stopped by a stop mechanism, thereby applying a dynamic load that satisfies a desired condition in the dynamic load test. The stop mechanism is composed of a linear stop member (40) that collides with the front of the thread (20), and extends a plurality of stop members (40) along both horizontal horizontal directions facing the front of the thread (20). In addition, a plurality are arranged side by side.

  Each stop material (40) is arranged so that it can be detached from the state where both ends are hooked. When the front of the thread (20) collides sequentially, both ends are hooked while plastically deforming while absorbing the impact force. Leave the stopped state. The resistance force at the time of detachment is replaced with a stopping force, and as the thread (20) advances, the number of stopping members (40) that come into contact increases, and the stopping force increases.

  The change over time of the dynamic load applied by the stop mechanism is graphed as an acceleration waveform by an analysis device, for example. It is important how to approximate the acceleration waveform to a predetermined ideal waveform. The shape of the acceleration waveform obtained is adjusted depending on the length, number, and arrangement of the stop material (40). However, the number of the stop material (40) that can be installed is limited due to the test being performed in a limited space. Therefore, the stopping force of each stopping member (40) is relatively strong.

  Therefore, although the behavior of the individual stop material (40) greatly affects the waveform shape, the dynamic load test device (10) does not change the strength of the stop material (40) or the number of installed stop materials (40). The thread (20) that collides with is devised. That is, before the both ends (21) collide with each stop member (40) at the front of the thread (20), each stop member (40) is positioned at the center side from both end portions (21). The protrusion part (22) which collides first is provided.

  By providing the protrusion (22) on the thread (20), when the thread (20) collides with each stop member (40), the protrusion (22) first collides with the center side of the stop member (40). Then, both end portions (21) collide with the stopping material (40). Thus, by dividing the stopping force obtained from one stopping material (40) into a plurality of stages, the behavior of each stopping material (40) is smoothed and transmitted as the stopping force of the thread (20). It becomes possible. As a result, the shape of the obtained acceleration waveform can be an ideal waveform having a smooth curve that satisfies the test standard conditions.

  According to the dynamic load test apparatus (10) described in [2], the protrusion (22) is detachably fixed to the front of the thread (20). Thereby, a protrusion part (22) can be easily removed from a thread | sled (20), and replacement | exchange or a maintenance inspection can be performed easily.

  According to the dynamic load test apparatus (10) described in [3], the protruding portion (22) includes a receiving portion (210) that directly collides with the stop member (40), and the receiving portion (210 ) Is configured to be detachable from the protrusion (22). In this way, only the receiving part (210) that is damaged or worn out with each increase in the number of tests can be replaced separately in the protruding part (22) itself.

  Further, as described in [4] above, both end portions (21) of the thread (20) are also provided with receiving portions (210) that directly collide with the stopper (40), and this receiving portion (210). Also, it may be configured to be detachable from both side end portions (21) and to be a shared part with the receiving portion (210) of the protruding portion (22). As a result, only the receiving portion (210) can be separately replaced at both end portions (21) of the thread (20). Moreover, the manufacturing cost of components can be reduced by using a receiving part (210) as a shared component.

  According to the dynamic load test apparatus (10) described in [5], the sled (20) is a rail (11) extending in the front-rear direction on the floor surface via the wheel (23) fixed to the bottom surface side. It is installed movably above. The wheel (23) is configured as a unit, and is detachably fixed to the bottom surface side of the thread (20) in a state where the thread (20) is installed on the rail (11).

  Accordingly, the unit including the wheel (23) can be easily removed from the sled (20) without lifting or removing the sled (20) from the rail (11), and replacement or maintenance inspection can be easily performed. . As will be described later, as described in [14] above, only the wheel (23) may be attached to and detached from the unit separately from the attachment and detachment of the entire unit.

  According to the dynamic load test apparatus (10) described in [6] above, the bottom surface side of the thread (20) is movably engaged with the rail (11) to be detached from the rail (11). A holding mechanism (24) for preventing is provided. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the sled (20) from being lifted off the rail (11) and falling off during the test. The holding mechanism (24) is detachably fixed to the bottom surface side of the thread (20) in a state where the thread (20) is installed on the rail (11). Thereby, replacement | exchange of a holding mechanism (24) or a maintenance inspection can also be performed easily.

  According to the dynamic load test apparatus (10) described in [7] above, the top plate (25) for mounting the specimen is detachably provided on the upper surface side of the thread (20), and the top plate (25) Next, a screw hole (252) for attaching the specimen is drilled. The screw hole (252) is arranged at a position where the specimen is attached in a direction crossing a predetermined angle with respect to the front-rear direction of the thread (20), and the specimen is turned upside down by turning the top plate (25) upside down. Can be attached. Thereby, when changing the mounting direction of the specimen, it is possible to easily cope with it by simply turning the top plate (25) without using a special jig or the like for making the left and right direction reverse.

  Further, as described in [8] above, the top plate (25) may be divided into two in the plane direction, and each of the divided pieces may be separately attached to and detached from the upper surface side of the thread (20). As a result, the size and weight when the top plate (25) is turned over is halved, so that it can be easily turned over and subjected to maintenance and inspection.

  Further, as described in [9] above, if an anti-vibration rubber sheet is interposed between the top surface of the thread (20) and the top plate (25), the thread (20) is accelerated. Can be prevented, and such rattling can prevent the test result from being adversely affected.

  According to the dynamic load test apparatus (10) described in [10] above, the acceleration mechanism consolidates the weight (31) on the tip of the wire rope (30) connected to the front of the thread (20). The thread (20) is accelerated by dropping (31) in the vertical direction, and can be configured simply, and the thread (20) can be reliably accelerated without increasing the cost.

  A hook (26) for hooking the proximal end of the wire rope (30) is provided in front of the thread (20), and the hook (26) is attached to a body portion (261) attached to extend in the front-rear direction. A flange portion (262) is provided at the tip of the shaft so as to be rotatable around the axis. Such a hook (26) can prevent the wire rope (30) from being twisted.

  In addition, as described in [11] above, the bolt (261a) is fixed by screwing the front end side of the body portion (261) of the hook (26) into the mounting portion (260) in front of the thread (20). It is preferable that a nut (263) is screwed separately to the tip of a bolt (261a) that is formed as described above and protrudes from the mounting portion (260). As a result, if the hook (26) is loosely attached, the nut (263) is first removed, so that the looseness of the attachment can be easily confirmed visually before the hook (26) is removed. it can.

  According to the dynamic load test apparatus (10) described in [12], the wire rope (30) extending from the hook (26) is guided to the front of the protrusion (22) on the protrusion (22). A guide (270) was provided. After the acceleration of the thread (20), the wire rope (30) is loosened after the constant speed period, but at this time, the situation where the wire rope (30) is entangled with the protruding portion (22) can be prevented.

  Furthermore, the thread (20) may be specifically configured as a rectangular frame (200) in which an H-section steel (200) that is a frame material is combined, for example, as described in [13] above. . Here, the H-section steel (200) is composed of two parallel flanges (200a, 200a) extending in the longitudinal direction and one web (200b) connecting the central portion between the flanges (200a).

  When combining the H-section steels (200), the end portions of one H-section steel (200) are fitted in the recesses between the upper and lower flanges (200a) of the other H-section steel (200) on the side to be abutted. It is preferable that a part of the flange (200a) at the end is cut out into a combined shape and welded. Thereby, the framework (201) constituting the main part of the thread (20) can be easily configured, and the necessary strength can be easily obtained.

  Further, as described in [14] above, the unit including the wheel (23) includes a casing (231) that is detachably fixed in a state of being positioned on the bottom surface side of the thread (20). 231) is configured such that a pair of side walls (233, 233), which are spaced apart from and parallel to the upper surface portion (232), hang down, the wheel (23) can be rotated in advance on a rotating shaft (23a). It is preferable that both ends of the rotating shaft (23a) are pivotally supported so as to be attachable and detachable in a state of being extended in both horizontal directions with respect to between the side walls (233). Thereby, it is possible to easily replace only the wheel (23) that is particularly easy to wear, and in this case, it is possible to easily attach without performing positioning adjustment such as parallel to the left and right.

  According to the dynamic load test apparatus according to the present invention, the shape of the acceleration waveform obtained is controlled by the number and length of the stopping materials, but without changing the limited number of installed stopping materials, a single stopping material. By dividing the stopping force obtained from the above into multiple stages, it is possible to smooth the behavior of each stopping material and transmit it as the stopping force of the thread. It is possible to obtain an ideal waveform with a smooth curve to satisfy.

1 is a plan view schematically showing a dynamic load test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a side view schematically showing a dynamic load testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view which shows the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the thread | sled of the dynamic load test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which installed the thread | sled (except a top plate) of the dynamic load test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention on the rail. It is a perspective view which shows the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which removed each receiving part etc. from the front of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which installed the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention on the rail. It is the perspective view which looked at the state which installed the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention on the rail from the downward direction. It is a perspective view which shows the state in the middle of combining the H-section steel which comprises the frame | frame of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the state which combined the H-section steel which comprises the frame | frame of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which combined the H-section steel which comprises the frame | frame of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which removes a wheel from the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which looked at the state which removes a holding mechanism from the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the bottom. It is a side view which shows the wheel (the whole unit) of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of the wheel (the whole unit) of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the wheel (the whole unit) of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state in the middle of removing the wheel from the wheel (the whole unit) of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which removed the wheel from the wheel (the whole unit) of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is an inner side view which shows the holding | maintenance mechanism of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is an outer side view which shows the holding | maintenance mechanism of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the holding | maintenance mechanism of the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view explaining the attachment direction of the aircraft seat with respect to the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which expands and shows the protrusion part and hook of a thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concern on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which divides the thread | sled of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention into two vertically, and turns the front and back. It is a series of top views which show the mode of a change of a stop material when a thread | sled collides with a stop material in the test of the dynamic load test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a series of perspective views which show the mode of the change of a stop material when a thread | sled collides with a stop material in the test of the dynamic load test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the way of the dynamic load in a stop material in the test of the dynamic load test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the working method of the dynamic load in a stop material in the test of the conventional dynamic load test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the dynamic load which is a test result of the dynamic load testing apparatus which concerns on the past and embodiment of this invention. It is an ideal waveform of the graph which shows a time-dependent change of the dynamic load in the test of the dynamic load test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment representing the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 32 show an embodiment of the present invention.
The dynamic load test apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is an apparatus for reproducing an impact caused by a dynamic load applied at the time of a collision. For example, aircraft seats must be designed to protect all passengers during emergency takeoff and landing. The dynamic load test apparatus 10 will be described using an apparatus for proving such a design as an example.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dynamic load test apparatus 10 includes a sled 20 that is installed so as to be movable in a certain direction with a specimen mounted thereon, an acceleration mechanism that accelerates the sled 20 to a predetermined speed, And a stop mechanism that applies a dynamic load by suddenly stopping the thread 20 by colliding the thread 20 after the speed reaches a predetermined speed. On the sled 20, an aircraft seat 27 and a human body dummy 28 are mounted via jigs as specimens necessary for each test condition.

  As the dynamic load test for the aircraft seat 27, two tests, Test I and Test II, are known. Test I assumes a collision with the ground due to a stall at the time of landing, and a maximum impact load 14G is required. Test II assumes a horizontal collision with a ground obstacle at takeoff, and a maximum impact load of 16G is required. For each test, an ideal waveform that satisfies the standard conditions is set in advance as a graph showing a change in dynamic load over time.

  The ideal waveform in the test II is as shown in FIG. The ideal waveform shown in FIG. 32 is defined as the specified conditions in Test II. The maximum impact load is 16G, the rise time is less than 0.009 seconds (90 ms), and the speed change is 44 F / S (13.42 m / s) or more. ing. The total weight of the thread 20 including the specimen may be set as appropriate, for example, 2500 kg.

  In the dynamic load test apparatus 10, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the thread 20 is assembled from a rectangular frame material having a predetermined thickness and long in the front-rear direction in plan view. On the floor surface on which the sled 20 is installed, a pair of left and right rails 11 are laid so as to extend in the front-rear direction. On this rail 11, the thread | sled 20 is installed so that the movement to the front-back direction which is a fixed direction is possible via the below-mentioned wheel 23 fixed to the bottom face side. The rail 11 is formed in a round bar shape with a circular cross section (see FIG. 6).

  Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 15, the thread 20 includes a rectangular frame 201 in which an H-section steel 200 that is a frame material is combined. The H-section steel 200 is welded as ribs 202, 203, and 204 inside the frame 201 so as to extend in the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the oblique direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, the H-section steel 200 includes two parallel flanges 200 a and 200 a extending in the longitudinal direction, and a single web 200 b connecting the central portion between the flanges 200 a. When combining the H-section steels 200, the end of the flange 200a at the end is fitted so that the end of one H-section steel 200 fits into a recess between the upper and lower flanges 200a of the other H-section steel 200 on the side to be abutted. Cut out some parts into a shape to be combined and weld.

  The front of the thread 20 is a portion that collides with a stop member 40 described later, and receiving portions 210 that directly collide with the stop member 40 are provided at both side end portions 21 and 21 thereof. Further, a projecting portion 22 that collides with the stop member 40 before the both end portions 21 and 21 collide with the stop member 40 at the same time is provided at an intermediate position on the center side from the both end portions 21 and 21. The protruding portion 22 is also provided with a receiving portion 210 that directly collides with the stopping material 40. Here, the receiving portion 210 is configured to be attachable to and detachable from the side end portions 21 and 21 and the protruding portion 22.

  As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, brackets 21 a having arcuate cross sections projecting forward are attached to both front end portions 21, 21 of the thread 20 in a detachable manner with screws. The receiving portion 210 is also detachably attached to each bracket 21a with screws. Each receiving portion 210 is formed of a normal metal material instead of a hardened casting, and has a horseshoe-shaped flange shown above and below, and has a shape in which the stop member 40 fits into a recess between the flanges.

  The projecting portion 22 is formed of a cylindrical member having a flange for screwing at a base end thereof, and a bracket 22a having an arcuate cross section protruding forward is detachably attached to a distal end thereof. The receiving portion 210 is detachably attached to the bracket 22a with screws. The receiving portion 210 of the protruding portion 22 is the same common component as the receiving portion 210 of the both side end portions 21 and 21 described above. The protruding portion 22 is detachably fixed to the front of the thread 20, and the receiving portion 210 is configured to be detachable from the protruding portion 22.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the sled 20 is movably installed on the rails 11 via wheels 23 fixed to the bottom surface side. The wheel 23 is formed with a curved recess that fits into the rail 11 over its outer periphery. The wheels 23 are configured as a unit, and a total of four units are attached to the four corners on the bottom surface side of the frame 201 of the sled 20. As shown in FIG. 14, the unit is attached so that it can be attached to and detached from the bottom surface of the thread 20 even when the thread 20 is installed on the rail 11.

  More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 16 to 20, the unit includes a casing 231 in which a pair of side walls 233 and 233 that are spaced apart from and parallel to the box-shaped upper surface portion 232 are suspended. The casing 231 is detachably attached in a state of being positioned on the bottom surface side of the thread 20 by screwing the upper surface portion 232 to both sides of the bottom surface side of the frame 201 of the thread 20. By removing the screw and then shifting the casing 231 in the front-rear direction with respect to the thread 20, the thread 20 can be easily removed even when the thread 20 is installed on the rail 11.

  As shown in FIG. 19, each side wall 233 of the casing 231 is notched with a concave groove 233 a that opens downward. Is done. The concave groove 233a is closed by a side cover 234 that pivotally supports the rotary shaft 23a. The wheel 23 is configured as a single product that is pivotally supported by a rotating shaft 23a in advance. An annular bearing is provided inside the wheel 23, and the wheel 23 rotates with respect to the fixed rotation shaft 23 a via the bearing. By removing the side cover 234 from the side, the wheel 23 can be detached from the casing 231 in an attached state separately from the attachment / detachment of the entire casing 231.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, a holding mechanism 24 is provided on the bottom surface side of the sled 20 to prevent it from coming off from the rail 11. The holding mechanism 24 is configured as a unit, and a total of four holding mechanisms 24 are attached to the bottom surface side of the frame 201 of the sled 20 at two locations on the left and right. Here, as shown in FIG. 15, the unit is attached so that it can be attached to and detached from the bottom surface of the thread 20 even when the thread 20 is installed on the rail 11.

  Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 21 to 23, the unit includes a casing 241 that can be divided into left and right parts. The casing 241 includes an inner wall portion 241a in which an upper surface portion 242 and a middle step portion 243 are integrally provided, and an outer wall portion 241b that is detachably combined with the inner wall portion 241a by screws from the side.

  A pair of rollers 244 and 244 opposed to each other are pivotally supported on the lower end edges of the side wall portions 241a and 241b by a vertical rotation shaft. Each roller 244 is formed in a substantially truncated cone, and is movably engaged with the rail 11 by sandwiching the rail 11 between the inclined surfaces. Further, an auxiliary bearing 245 is pivotally supported coaxially on the upper side of the roller 244 pivotally supported by the outer wall portion 241b.

  The casing 241 is detachably attached to the thread 20 by screwing the upper surface part 242 to both sides of the bottom surface of the frame 201 of the thread 20. As shown in FIG. 15, the upper surface portion 242 can be removed from the thread 20 by removing and disassembling the outer wall portion 241 b facing outward from the casing 241. Thereby, the holding mechanism 24 can be easily detached from the sled 20 even when the sled 20 is installed on the rail 11. Note that the upper surface portion 242 does not necessarily have a planar shape, and may be provided with a level difference or unevenness that matches the structure of the frame 201 on the attachment side.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, a top plate 25 for mounting the specimen is detachably provided on the upper surface side of the thread 20. In addition to the first screw hole 251 for fixing to the frame 201 or the rib 202, the top plate 25 is provided with a second screw hole 252 for attaching the specimen. Here, the first screw holes 251 are regularly arranged at symmetrical positions with respect to the center line in the front-rear direction so as to be located immediately above the frame 201 or the rib 202. Note that, in each drawing, the first screw hole 251 and the second screw hole 252 are respectively provided with lead lines and reference numerals only in part.

  The second screw holes 252 are formed so as to align in a certain direction intersecting at a predetermined angle with respect to the front-rear direction of the sled 20 (a central line extending in the direction). That is, the second screw hole 252 is arranged so that the specimen is attached in a direction crossing a predetermined angle. This is because, in the above-described test II, the aircraft seat 27 as a specimen is mounted obliquely so that a forward and lateral dynamic load is applied by simulating a collision at the time of landing. Normally, as shown in FIG. 24, the aircraft seat 27 is mounted in a state of being tilted 10 degrees to the left or right with respect to the front-rear direction.

  In the example shown in FIG. 24A, it is inclined rightward toward the front. However, in order to easily realize such attachment without using a special jig or the like, the second screw of the top plate 25 is used. The holes 252 are aligned so as to be regularly arranged in a lattice shape in a state where the holes 252 are inclined to the right by 10 degrees toward the front. If it is desired to mount it so that it tilts to the left in the opposite direction to the example shown in FIG. 24 (a), the top plate 25 may be turned upside down. By turning the top plate 25 upside down, the arrangement of the second screw holes 252 is inclined to the left.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 26, the top plate 25 may be divided into two in the plane direction, and the divided top plates 25 </ b> A and 25 </ b> B may be detachable separately from the upper surface side of the thread 20. In the present embodiment, the top plate 25 is divided into two in the vertical direction with a center line extending in the front-rear direction as a boundary. The divided top plates 25A and 25B are respectively provided with the first screw hole 251 and the second screw hole 252 at predetermined positions. Note that the number of divisions of the top plate 25 is not limited to two divisions, and may be three divisions or four divisions or more.

  Furthermore, a rubber sheet for vibration isolation may be interposed between the upper surface side of the thread 20 and the top plate 25, although not shown. Specifically, for example, a general rubber sheet cut into a narrow width along the upper surface of the frame 201 or the rib 202 may be fixed in advance with an adhesive. Instead of the rubber sheet, an elastic material processed into a sheet shape can be substituted.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an acceleration mechanism for accelerating the sled 20 to a predetermined speed is installed on the floor surface positioned before and after the sled 20. In this acceleration mechanism, a weight 31 is fixed to the tip of a wire rope 30 connected to the front of the sled 20, and the sled 20 is dropped in the vertical direction to accelerate the sled 20. A hook 26 that hooks the proximal end of the wire rope 30 is provided in front of the thread 20.

  A mounting portion 260 for mounting the hook 26 (not shown in the drawing) is provided in front of the sled 20 as shown in FIGS. The mounting portion 260 protrudes upward in the center of the front end edge of the frame 201. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 25, the hook 26 is formed by providing a flange 262 so as to be rotatable about an axis at the tip of a body 261 attached in a state of extending in the front-rear direction with respect to the attachment 260. .

  The front end side of the body portion 261 of the hook 26 is formed as a bolt 261 a that is screwed into a screw hole in the mounting portion 260 and fixed. Here, a nut 263 is screwed into the tip of the bolt 261a protruding from the mounting portion 260. The mounting portion 260 is positioned immediately above the proximal end of the protruding portion 22, and on this protruding portion 22, the wire rope 30 (the proximal end side) extending from the hook 26 is forward of the protruding portion 22. A guide 270 for guiding may be provided.

  The guide 270 may be anything as long as the wire rope 30 can be passed forward. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 25, the guide 270 is a bracket having both side walls 271 and 271 spaced apart from each other. A bolt 272 or the like on which the wire rope 30 is slidably contacted between the side walls 271 and 271 may be constructed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tip end of the wire rope 30 is extended toward the front of each rail 11, and is stretched over the pulleys 12 and 13 at a position beyond the stop material 40. Thereafter, the weight 31 is consolidated. The weight of the weight 31 is set to a weight that allows a specified dynamic load to be applied to the specimen when the thread 20 collides with the stop material 40. The sled 20 is set so that the sled 20 travels by the falling motion of the weight 31 and collides with the stop material 40 to stop.

  A wire rope 16 wound around a winch 15 is connected to the rear of the thread 20 via a separating device 14 as shown in FIG. Falling is prevented. Further, by winding the wire rope 16 with the winch 15, the thread 20 before traveling can be adjusted and held at a desired front and rear position on the rail 11. Then, by separating the wire rope 16 from the sled 20 by the separating device 14, the weight 31 can be dropped and the sled 20 can be run.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, on the floor located in front of the thread 20, after the thread 20 reaches a predetermined speed, the thread 20 is suddenly stopped by colliding with the stop material 40, A stop mechanism for applying a dynamic load is installed. Here, the stop member 40 is made of a linear material that is plastically deformed. Specifically, for example, a wire of a mild steel wire is suitable. A specific material (for example, JIS G SWRM8-12) in the JIS standard may be adopted as a specific material of the stop material 40 in order to standardize the test. Moreover, the dimension of the stop material 40 shall be standard diameter (phi) 7 and length 3450-3700L, for example.

  On the support base 41 installed on both sides of each rail 11, the stop member 40 extends in both horizontal horizontal directions facing the front of the thread 20, and a plurality of the stop members 40 are arranged in the front-rear direction. Here, both ends of each stopping member 40 can be detached from the hooked state, and when the front of the sled 20 collides sequentially, from the state of being hooked while plastically deforming while absorbing the impact force. It is set to leave. On the left and right support bases 41, a pair of rollers 42 and 43 for hooking the end portions of the stop member 40 are rotatably supported. The end portion of the stop material 40 is hooked between the rollers 42 and 43 so as to be wound. The rollers 42 and 43 are arranged on the support base 41 so that a plurality of sets are closely arranged in the front-rear direction.

  As shown in FIG. 29, the pair of rollers 42 and 43 are pivotally supported at a predetermined interval on a straight line extending in the axial direction of the stop member 40. A part of the end portion of the stop member 40 is bent in advance into a mountain shape so as to be wound between the rollers 42 and 43. In addition, with the end portion of the stop member 40 hooked between the rollers 42 and 43, the upper part is pressed by an iron plate (not shown) facing the upper surface of the support base 41. When the sled 20 enters the stop mechanism in such a state, each stop member 40 slips between the rollers 42 and 43 while being plastically deformed. The resistance force at this time is replaced with a stopping force. As the thread 20 advances, the number of stop members 40 that come into contact increases and the stop force increases.

  In order to bring the temporal change of the dynamic load in the test II close to the ideal waveform shown in FIG. 32 described above, it is important to create a wiring pattern as a condition for each stop member 40. Here, when a wiring pattern of the stop material 40 is newly created, the position of the last stop material 40 among the stop materials 40 arranged in the front and rear, the required number of the stop materials 40, the cut length of the stop material 40 are calculated. This is the procedure of determination.

First, in determining the position of the last stop material 40, the interval from the first stop material 40 to the last stop material 40 is determined. Here, the first means that it collides with the thread 20 first, and the last means that it collides with the thread 20 last.
The rise time is determined by the distance from the first stop material 40 to the last stop material 40. For example, the rise time in the test II is ideally 85 ms, but if this distance is short, the slope of the waveform pulse becomes steep, the rise time becomes fast, and the test conditions become severe. If the interval is too long, the specified value of 90 ms is exceeded.

Next, in determining the required number of stop members 40, the number of stop members 40 required to secure a specified peak G (maximum impact load) is determined for each lot of stop members 40. Calculate from This is because even if the stop material 40 has the same JIS standard or dimensions, the hardness varies depending on the delivery lot.
In the determination of the cut length of the stop material 40, all the stop materials 40 are applied to the thread 20, and after reaching the peak G, the stop material 40 is sequentially removed from the rollers 42 and 43, and the braking force of the thread 20 is Ideally, the length is such that the stop material 40 is gradually lowered and all the stopping material 40 at the cut portion is removed. Since a detailed calculation method for each process is common, detailed description is omitted.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dynamic load test apparatus 10 includes a high-speed camera 50, an illumination device 60, a measurement analysis device 70, a photographing analysis device 80, and the like as related equipment.
The high-speed camera 50 captures the movement of the head of the human body dummy 28 and the position of the safety belt during the test. The high-speed camera 50 is installed on both the left and right sides of the support base 41, and for example, a camera having a maximum performance of 1000 frames / second is used. Instead of the high speed camera 50, high speed video may be used.

The illumination device 60 is illumination for performing high-speed shooting at the time of the test, and is arranged so that the shooting range of the high-speed camera 50 can be illuminated. For example, a halogen lamp having an illuminance of 80000 lux on average is used as the lighting device 60.
The measurement analysis device 70 is a device that measures and analyzes test pass / fail judgment data such as the speed and acceleration of the thread 20 during testing and the impact value at each part of the human body dummy 28, and is configured by a personal computer.

The imaging analysis device 80 calculates the actual displacement, speed, and acceleration during the test of the sled 20 and the human body dummy 28 based on an image obtained by capturing the movement of the sled 20 and the human body dummy 28 with a high-speed camera (video). It is to be analyzed and is composed of a personal computer.
The measurement analysis device 70 or the imaging analysis device 80 measures a change over time of the dynamic load applied by the stop mechanism.

Next, the operation of the dynamic load test apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment will be described.
Before carrying out the dynamic load test, the arrangement of the stop member 40 suitable for the test conditions is examined from the past test results and the results of the test firing, and a wiring pattern is created. When the test II described above is performed, the position of the last stop material 40 is determined so that the change with time of the dynamic load approaches the ideal waveform shown in FIG. 32, the required number of stop materials 40 is determined, and the stop is stopped. The cut length of the material 40 is determined. The cut stop material 40 is processed into a chevron shape as illustrated by a bending machine at both ends, and is stored separately for each lot number of the adopted wire product.

  When carrying out the dynamic load test, the stop material 40 is installed on the support base 41 shown in FIG. 1 based on the wiring pattern. The stop members 40 are arranged so as to extend in both horizontal horizontal directions facing the front of the thread 20 and to be arranged in the front and rear directions. As shown in FIG. 29, both ends of each stop member 40 are hooked so that each bent part is wound between the rollers 42 and 43. Note that the upper portions of the rollers 42 and 43 arranged in the front-rear direction are pressed by an iron plate (not shown) facing the upper surface of the support base 41.

  In order to mount the specimen on the sled 20, the aircraft seat 27 is attached to the top plate 25 on the upper surface side of the sled 20, and the human body dummy 28 is seated on the aircraft seat 27. As shown in FIG. 3, the top plate 25 is provided with a second screw hole 252 for attaching the specimen in a direction crossing a predetermined angle with respect to the front-rear direction. Along the arrangement of the second screw holes 252, the aircraft seat 27 can be easily screwed in an oblique direction to which a forward and lateral dynamic load is applied.

  According to the direction of the second screw hole 252 of the top plate 25 shown in FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. 24A, the aircraft seat 27 can be attached in a state of tilting rightward toward the front. Moreover, if the top plate 25 is turned upside down, the aircraft seat 27 can be attached in the opposite direction as shown in FIG. As described above, when changing the mounting direction of the aircraft seat 27, it is possible to easily cope with it by simply turning the top plate 25 upside down without using a special jig or the like for reversing the left and right directions.

  The conventional top plate has only one type in which screw holes are arranged in a direction that intersects with the traveling direction in parallel or at a right angle. Therefore, when mounting the aircraft seat 27 so as to be inclined obliquely in the traveling direction on the top plate, another plate with screw holes arranged diagonally (for example, 10 degrees to either the left or right) according to the mounting angle is attached to the top plate. There is a problem in that it is necessary to separately mount on a plate, which not only increases the cost but also increases the weight. According to the top plate 25 of the present dynamic load test apparatus 10, such problems of the prior art can be solved. Note that the first screw hole 251 for attaching the top plate 25 may be partially used as the second screw hole 252.

Further, as shown in FIG. 26, the top plate 25 may be divided into two in the plane direction, and each of the divided pieces may be separately attached to and detached from the upper surface side of the thread 20. As a result, the size and weight when turning the top plate 25 upside down are halved, so that the top plate 25 can be easily turned over and subjected to maintenance and inspection.
Furthermore, a rubber sheet for vibration isolation may be interposed between the upper surface side of the frame 201 of the thread 20 and the top plate 25. Since the rail 11 is configured by adding a plurality of rails in the axial direction, when the thread 20 passes through the connection portion between the rails 11, rattling is particularly likely to occur, but the rubber sheet can suppress the rattling, It is possible to prevent adverse effects on test results.

  By the way, the frame 201 constituting the main part of the thread 20 is configured by combining the H-section steel 200. That is, the ribs 202, 203, and 204, which are also H-shaped steel 200, are welded in the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the oblique direction inside a frame 201 that is a combination of H-shaped steels 200 in a rectangular shape. As shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, the H-section steel 200 is arranged in a state in which two parallel flanges 200 a and 200 a are vertically arranged, and a portion of the central one web 200 b is in an abutting side H. The flanges 200a at the ends are notched and welded so as to fit into the recesses between the upper and lower flanges 200a of the shape steel 200. Thereby, the thread | sled 20 can be comprised easily and required intensity | strength can also be obtained easily.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the sled 20 is movably installed on a pair of rails 11, 11 installed on the floor surface via wheels 23. A total of four wheels 23 are attached to the four corners on the bottom side of the sled 20, and each wheel 23 is configured as a unit. The wheel 23 can be attached to and detached from the bottom surface side of the thread 20 even when the thread 20 is installed on the rail 11.

  More specifically, after removing the screw that fixes the upper surface 232 (see FIG. 18) of the casing 231 forming the unit of the wheel 23 to the bottom surface side of the thread 20, the casing 231 is attached to the thread 20 as shown in FIG. Thus, it can be easily detached from the rail 11 by shifting in the front-rear direction. This makes it possible to easily replace or maintain the wheel 23 without lifting or removing the sled 20 from the rail 11. The wheel 23 itself is a consumable part and needs to be replaced as appropriate. However, if the side cover 234 is removed from the side of the casing 231, the wheel 23 alone is removed from the casing 231 separately from the attachment / detachment of the entire casing 231. be able to.

  Here, the wheel 23 is configured in advance as a single product rotatably supported on the rotary shaft 23 a, and both ends of the rotary shaft 23 a are positioned extending in both horizontal directions with respect to between the side walls 233. It can be pivoted so as to be removable in a state. As a result, it is possible to easily replace only the wheel 23 that is particularly likely to be worn, and at this time, it is possible to easily attach the wheel 23 without adjusting the positioning of the wheel 23 in the horizontal direction.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, a holding mechanism 24 is provided on the bottom surface side of the sled 20 so as to be movably engaged with the rail 11 and prevented from being detached from the rail 11. Thereby, it is possible to reliably prevent the sled 20 from being lifted off the rail 11 and falling off during the test. Further, the holding mechanism 24 can be attached to and detached from the bottom surface side of the sled 20 even when the sled 20 is installed on the rail 11.

  The holding mechanism 24 is a consumable item like the wheel 23 and needs to be replaced as appropriate. Therefore, in the casing 241 (see FIG. 23) forming the unit of the holding mechanism 24, the holding mechanism 24 can be easily removed from the sled 20 by removing the outer wall portion 241b facing outward as shown in FIG. be able to. Thus, the holding mechanism 24 can be easily replaced or maintained without lifting or removing the sled 20 from the rail 11.

  In addition, as preparation for the sled 20, various sensors such as an acceleration sensor used in a dynamic load test are attached to the sled 20, the aircraft seat 27, which is a specimen, and the human body dummy 28, and the coefficient of each sensor is set to a predetermined value. Set. Here, the wiring of each sensor is connected to a designated channel of the measurement analyzer 70. A high-speed camera 50 that performs high-speed shooting at the time of the test is installed on both the left and right sides of the support base 41, and further, an illumination device 60 is installed on the side of the high-speed camera 50 so that the shooting range of the high-speed camera 50 is predetermined. Irradiate with the brightness of.

  When the sled 20 is ready, launch preparation by the acceleration mechanism is performed. As shown in FIG. 1, a wire rope 16 is connected to the rear of the sled 20 via a separating device 14, and the winding sled 20 is appropriately moved to a predetermined firing position by the winch 15. A wire rope 30 is connected to the front of the thread 20 via a hook 26 (see FIG. 25), and a weight 31 is secured to the tip of the wire rope 30. Then, by separating the wire rope 16 from the sled 20 by the separating device 14, the weight 31 is dropped in the vertical direction to fire the sled 20. As described above, the acceleration mechanism can be simply configured, and the thread 20 can be reliably accelerated without increasing the cost.

  As shown in FIG. 25, the hook 26 is configured such that a hook portion 262 that hooks the wire rope 30 is rotatable around an axis center with respect to a body portion 261 fixed to the front of the thread 20. As a result, the wire rope 30 can be prevented from being twisted while the sled 20 is traveling. Further, the front end side of the body portion 261 of the hook 26 is a bolt 261a and is fixed by being screwed to the attachment portion 260 in front of the thread 20. Here, a nut 263 is screwed onto the tip of the bolt 261a protruding from the mounting portion 260. In the unlikely event that the hook 26 is loosened, the nut 263 is first removed, so that looseness of the attachment can be easily confirmed visually.

  In FIG. 1, when the wire rope 16 is separated from the sled 20 by the separating device 14 and the weight 31 is dropped in the vertical direction, the sled 20 travels on the rail 11 and accelerates to a predetermined speed. Here, the predetermined speed is calculated in advance based on the maximum impact force required in the dynamic load test. Based on this value, the weight of the weight 31 and the total weight of the thread 20 are also determined. Then, after the sled 20 reaches a predetermined speed, a dynamic load that satisfies a desired condition in the dynamic load test is applied by colliding with each stop member 40 constituting a stop mechanism and suddenly stopping.

  FIG. 27 and FIG. 28 show how the stopping material 40 changes when the thread 20 collides with each stopping material 40. Each figure (a) is the moment when the protruding part 22 of the thread 20 collides with the stopping material 40 in the front row, and each figure (b) shows that the protruding part 22 of the thread 20 sequentially collides with each stopping material 40. However, both end portions 21 are not yet colliding with the stopping material 40. Each figure (c) is the state which the both-sides edge part 21 of the thread | sled 20 also started to collide with the stop material 40. FIG. And in each figure (d), it is the state which the both-sides edge part 21 of the thread | sled 20 is colliding with each stop material 40 one by one. In addition, in the figure, the change of the position of the both ends of each stop material 40 is abbreviate | omitted and described.

  FIG. 29 shows how the dynamic load works in each stop member 40. In the figure, the points A to F arranged on the stopping member 40 before the sled 20 collides change to positions A ′ to F ′ when the sled 20 collides. The dynamic load on the stop member 40 is applied when the stop member 40 is wound around the outer roller 43 at the beginning of the collision (25%). Next, at point D in the figure, since the winding changes from the outer roller 43 to the inner roller 42, a large dynamic load acts here (50%). And the dynamic load which extends what was wound in E point in a figure to a straight line works (25%). Therefore, since the load of 75% is lost when passing through the point D, the point D becomes a position where the dynamic load is removed.

  As described above, each stop member 40 can be detached from between the rollers 42 and 43 whose both ends are respectively hooked. When the front of the sled 20 collides sequentially, both ends are plastically deformed while absorbing the impact force. The state of being caught between the rollers 42 and 43 is released. The resistance force at the time of detachment is replaced with a stopping force, and as the thread 20 advances, the number of stop members 40 that come into contact increases, and the stopping force increases.

  Further, the stopping force of each stopping member 40 changes each time the sled 20 moves. That is, the load applied to the stop member 40 increases in proportion to the increase in the angle α of the stop member 40. 29 shows an example in which there is no protrusion 22 in front of the thread 20 and both end portions 21 and 21 collide with the stop material 40 simultaneously as in the prior art, but the stop material 40 and each roller 42 are shown. , 43 are common.

  When the thread 20 is stopped, output data from each sensor and an image photographed by the high-speed camera 50 are transferred to the measurement analysis device 70 and the photographing analysis device 80 for analysis. The change over time of the dynamic load applied by the collision with each stop member 40 is graphed as an acceleration waveform by the measurement analysis device 70. It is important how the acceleration waveform approaches the predefined ideal waveform shown in FIG. Although the shape of the obtained acceleration waveform is controlled by the number and length of the stop members 40, the number of the stop members 40 that can be installed is limited due to the test being performed in a limited space. The stopping force of the stopping material 40 is relatively strong.

  Therefore, although the behavior of the individual stop members 40 greatly affects the waveform shape, the dynamic load test apparatus 10 does not change the strength of the stop members 40 or the number of installed stop members 40, and the thread 20 that collides with the stop member 40 is used. Devised. That is, the protrusions 22 that collide first with the stop members 40 are provided in front of the sled 20 before the both end portions 21 simultaneously collide with the respective stop members 40 at positions closer to the center than the both end portions 21. Yes.

  By providing such a protrusion 22, when the thread 20 collides with each stop material 40, the protrusion 22 first collides with the center side of the stop material 40, and then both side end portions 21 become the stop material 40. It will collide. That is, by dividing the stopping force obtained from one stopping material 40 into a plurality of stages, the behavior of each stopping material 40 can be smoothed and transmitted as the stopping force of the thread 20. As a result, the shape of the obtained acceleration waveform can be an ideal waveform having a smooth curve that satisfies the test standard conditions.

  FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram (a) when a conventional thread collides with the stop member 40 and a schematic diagram (b) when the thread 20 according to the present embodiment collides with the stop member 40. In either example, since the tension T of the stop member 40 is always constant, the stop force F can be calculated by the following equations. The reason for doubling is that the rollers 42 and 43 are arranged on the left and right sides.

[In the case of FIG. 30A]
F ₀ = 2 × T cos θ ₀ (or F ₀ = 2 × T sin α (see FIG. 29 for angle α))
[In the case of FIG. 30B]
In this case, since the stop material 40 is roughly divided into two behaviors, it is obtained as the sum of the following two formulas.
F ₁ = 2 × T cos θ ₁ (or F ₁ = 2 × T sin α (see FIG. 29 for the angle α)) from when the stop member 40 collides with the protruding portion 22 of the thread 20 and before colliding with the side end portion 21
After the stop material 40 collides with the side end portion 21 of the thread 20, F ₂ = 2 × T cos θ ₂ (or F ₂ = 2 × T sin α (see FIG. 29 for the angle α))
Since θ ₁ ≧ θ ₂ , the relationship of F ₁ ≦ F ₂ is established.

30A, when the distance L (see FIG. 29) between the protruding portion 22 of the thread 20 and the inner roller 42 is about 200 mm and the thread 20 has advanced about 100 mm, the angle θ between the stop member 40 and the thread 20 The amount of change is about 27 degrees.
30B, when the distance L between the side end portion 21 of the thread 20 and the inner roller 42 is about 800 mm and the thread 20 has advanced about 100 mm, the change in the angle θ between the stop member 40 and the thread 20 The amount will be about 7 degrees.

  When both conditions are compared in this way, there is a large difference in the amount of change in the angle between the stop material 40 and the thread 20 with respect to the movement amount of the thread 20. Accordingly, the structure of the present embodiment (FIG. 30B) can be more smoothly affected by the stopping material 40 than the conventional structure (FIG. 30A). That is, the actual acceleration waveform in the case of FIG. 30 (a) is shown in FIG. 31 (a) and the actual acceleration waveform in the case of FIG. 30 (b) is shown in FIG. 31 (b), respectively. As described above, the former acceleration waveform has a shaky shape, whereas the latter acceleration waveform has a smooth shape.

  In addition, in order to bring the actual acceleration waveform shape closer to the ideal waveform shown in FIG. 32, it can be adjusted by the following method. That is, in order to make the inclination angle from the rising edge to the peak of the acceleration waveform steep (increase the rise time), the interval between the wirings is shortened without changing the number of stop members 40, or the speed of the thread 20 is increased. . On the other hand, in order to moderate the inclination angle from the rising edge to the peak (decrease the rise time), it is only necessary to increase the spacing between the wirings without changing the number of stop members 40 or to reduce the speed of the thread 20. .

With regard to the degree of acceleration decrease after the peak of the acceleration waveform, when G is quickly lowered (the slope to be lowered is tightened), the cutting length of the stop material 40 is shortened or the speed of the thread 20 is increased. Increasing the total weight of the can be considered. On the other hand, when G is lowered slowly (decreasing the descending slope), it is conceivable to lengthen the cutting length of the stop member 40, reduce the speed of the thread 20, reduce the total weight of the thread 20, and the like.
Furthermore, when the target peak G is increased, the G increases even if the number of the stop members 40 is increased. In this case, however, the waveform shape is significantly larger than when the total weight or speed of the thread 20 is changed. Therefore, the normal fine adjustment is performed by adjusting the weight of the thread 20. However, if there is no weight to be reduced or a significant change is made, adjustment is made by increasing or decreasing the number of stop members 40.

  Further, according to the dynamic load test apparatus 10, the protruding portion 22 of the thread 20 is detachably fixed to the front of the frame 201. Thereby, the protrusion part 22 can be easily removed from the thread | sled 20, and replacement | exchange or a maintenance check can be performed easily. As shown in FIG. 25, the protruding portion 22 includes a receiving portion 210 that directly collides with the stopping material 40, and the receiving portion 210 is configured to be detachable from the protruding portion 22. Therefore, only the receiving part 210 which is damaged or worn as the number of tests increases can be replaced separately.

  Similarly, both end portions 21 of the thread 20 are provided with receiving portions 210 that directly collide with the stopper 40, and the receiving portions 210 are also configured to be detachable from the both end portions 21, and the protrusions 22 of the protruding portions 22 are also configured. It is a common part with the receiving part 210. As a result, only the receiving portion 210 can be separately replaced at both end portions 21 of the thread 20. Moreover, since the receiving part 210 is a common part, the manufacturing cost of parts can be reduced. In addition, although the receiving part in the both ends of the conventional thread | sled was comprised with the hardened casting, and there was the brittleness which was too hard and cracked, this receiving part 210 was worn out instead of not quenching. Even if it becomes easy to do, it may be replaced as a consumable item.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 25, a guide 270 for guiding the wire rope 30 extending from the hook 26 to the front of the protrusion 22 may be provided on the protrusion 22. After the acceleration of the sled 20, the wire rope 30 is loosened after a constant speed period. At this time, if the wire rope 30 is guided forward by the guide, the wire rope 30 is drooped downward and protrudes. A situation involving the portion 22 can be prevented.

  As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention can be modified or added without departing from the scope of the present invention. Included in the invention. For example, in the present embodiment, the dynamic load test for the aircraft seat 27 has been described, but it can be applied to a reproduction test at the time of collision of various other vehicles. Moreover, as an acceleration mechanism, you may employ | adopt the structure comprised so that the sled 20 may be discharged using hydraulic control or pneumatic control instead of using the fall of the weight 31 mentioned above.

  Further, the specific shape of the thread 20 and the length and arrangement of the stop member 40 are not limited to those illustrated. In particular, the projecting portion 22 of the thread 20 is provided at the center so that the left and right balance is not lost when it collides with the stopping member 40. However, before the both end portions 21 of the thread 20 collide, Any structure that can collide with the stop material 40 and divide the collision into a plurality of times is acceptable.

  The present invention is suitable for carrying out the dynamic load test of aircraft seats required by the US Federal Aviation Administration, but also for carrying out dynamic load tests on various vehicle equipment such as automobiles and railway vehicles. Can be widely used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Dynamic load test apparatus 11 ... Rail 14 ... Separation device 15 ... Winch 16 ... Wire rope 20 ... Thread 21 ... Side edge part 22 ... Protrusion part 23 ... Wheel 24 ... Holding mechanism 25 ... Top plate 26 ... Hook 27 ... Aircraft Seat 28 ... Human body dummy 30 ... Wire rope 31 ... Weight 40 ... Stopping material 41 ... Support base 50 ... High-speed camera 60 ... Illumination device 70 ... Measurement analysis device 80 ... Imaging analysis device

Claims (14)

In dynamic load testing equipment to reproduce the dynamic load applied at the time of collision,
A sled installed so that it can move in a certain direction with the specimen mounted,
An acceleration mechanism for accelerating the sled to a predetermined speed;
A stop mechanism that applies a dynamic load by suddenly stopping the thread by colliding the thread after the thread reaches a predetermined speed;
The stopping mechanism extends in both horizontal sides facing the front of the sled and is arranged in a plurality of front and rear sides, and can be detached from the state where both ends are hooked, and when the front of the sled collides sequentially In addition, it is provided with a linear stop material that breaks away from the state where both ends are hooked while plastically deforming while absorbing the impact force,
A dynamic load characterized in that a projecting portion is provided in front of the sled so as to collide with each stop member at a position closer to the center than both end portions before the both end portions collide with each stop member simultaneously. Test equipment.   The dynamic load test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion is detachably fixed to the front of the thread. The protruding portion includes a receiving portion that directly collides with the stopping material,
The dynamic load testing device according to claim 1, wherein the receiving portion is configured to be detachable from the protruding portion. Both end portions of the thread are provided with receiving portions that directly collide with the stopping material,
The dynamic load test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the receiving portion is configured to be detachable from both side end portions and is a shared component with the receiving portion of the protruding portion. The sled is movably installed on a rail extending in the front-rear direction on the floor surface via a wheel fixed to the bottom surface side,
5. The wheel according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the wheel is configured as a unit and is detachably fixed to the bottom surface side of the sled in a state where the sled is installed on a rail. The described dynamic load testing device. Provided on the bottom side of the sled is a holding mechanism that movably engages with the rail to prevent detachment from the rail,
The dynamic load test according to claim 5, wherein the holding mechanism is configured as a unit and is detachably fixed to a bottom surface side of the sled in a state where the sled is installed on a rail. apparatus. On the upper surface side of the thread, a top plate for mounting the specimen is detachably provided,
A plurality of screw holes for attaching the specimen to the top plate are formed by aligning in a certain direction intersecting at a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the thread,
The screw holes can be attached so that the direction in which the specimen obliquely intersects the front-rear direction of the sled is reversed left and right by turning the top plate upside down. , 3, 4, 5 or 6.   8. The dynamic load testing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the top plate is divided into two in the plane direction, and each of the divided pieces can be separately attached to and detached from the upper surface side of the thread.   The dynamic load test apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a rubber sheet for vibration isolation is interposed between the upper surface side of the thread and the top plate. The acceleration mechanism is to fasten the sled by consolidating a weight at the tip of a wire rope connected to the front of the sled, and dropping the weight in the vertical direction.
A hook for hooking the base end of the wire rope is provided in front of the thread, and the hook is provided at the tip of the body portion attached in a state extending in the front-rear direction so as to be rotatable around the axis. The dynamic load testing device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.   The front end side of the body portion of the hook is formed as a bolt that is screwed and fixed to the front mounting portion of the thread, and a nut is screwed separately to the front end of the bolt protruding from the mounting portion. The dynamic load testing apparatus according to claim 10.   The dynamic load test apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, wherein a guide for guiding a wire rope extending from the hook to the front of the protrusion is provided on the protrusion. The thread is composed of a rectangular frame combined with a H-shaped steel as a frame material, and the H-shaped steel has two parallel flanges extending in the longitudinal direction and one connecting the central portion between the flanges. Consisting of the web,
When combining the H-shaped steels, a shape in which a part of the flanges of the end parts is combined so that the end of one H-shaped steel fits into a recess between the upper and lower flanges of the other H-shaped steel The dynamic load test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is welded by being cut into two. The unit including the wheel includes a casing that is detachably fixed in a state of being positioned on the bottom surface side of the sled,
The casing is formed by hanging a pair of side walls that are spaced apart from and parallel to the upper surface of the casing.
The wheel is configured as a single unit that is rotatably supported on a rotating shaft in advance, and the both ends of the rotating shaft are pivotally supported so as to be detachable in a state of being extended in both horizontal directions with respect to the side walls. The dynamic load testing device according to claim 5, wherein