JP2014226737A - Cutting-processing method - Google Patents

Cutting-processing method Download PDF

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JP2014226737A
JP2014226737A JP2013106431A JP2013106431A JP2014226737A JP 2014226737 A JP2014226737 A JP 2014226737A JP 2013106431 A JP2013106431 A JP 2013106431A JP 2013106431 A JP2013106431 A JP 2013106431A JP 2014226737 A JP2014226737 A JP 2014226737A
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cutting
end mill
deep groove
depth
groove
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JP6630029B2 (en
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渉 佐々木
Wataru Sasaki
渉 佐々木
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IHI Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting-processing method for cutting-processing a hard-to-work metal material by reducing a cutting resistance at a working time of cutting a hard-to-work metal material having a high viscosity and a low thermal conductivity, such as a titanium alloy or a nickel alloy, so that the method can perform a cutting work on the hard-to-work metal material.SOLUTION: A cutting-processing method drills a hole in a closed side end part of a stop groove as a preceding process of a cutting work, to form a deep groove 2 by an end mill 1. The cutting-processing method comprises a step of driving the end mill rotationally and cutting the end mill while turning the same, and cutting the deep groove always downward by a portion of the end mill.

Description

本発明は、加工物に深溝の切削加工を行う切削加工方法、特に難加工性の金属材に対して深溝の切削加工を行う切削加工方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a cutting method for performing deep groove cutting on a workpiece, and particularly to a cutting method for performing deep groove cutting on a difficult-to-work metal material.

鉄等の金属材に深溝の切削加工を行う際には、通常、エンドミルを用いて加工物の切削加工が行われる。   When a deep groove is cut in a metal material such as iron, the workpiece is usually cut using an end mill.

従来、深溝の切削加工が行われるのは主に金型であり、加工の対象は鋼材、アルミニウム合金等の切削性のよいものであった。従って、チタン合金やニッケル合金等、粘性が高く熱伝導率の低い難加工性の金属材に対する深溝の切削加工は想定されていなかった。従来の切削加工方法により難加工性の金属材の切削加工を行う場合、切削が困難であると共に工具が金属材との摩擦熱、切削抵抗により摩耗損傷する虞れがあることから、難加工性の金属材に対し、より効率のよい切削加工方法が求められている。   Conventionally, deep grooves are mainly cut by a mold, and the object of processing is a material having good cutting properties such as a steel material and an aluminum alloy. Accordingly, it has not been assumed that deep grooves are cut on difficult-to-work metal materials having high viscosity and low thermal conductivity, such as titanium alloys and nickel alloys. When cutting difficult-to-work metal materials using conventional cutting methods, cutting is difficult and the tool may be worn and damaged by frictional heat and cutting resistance with the metal material. There is a need for a more efficient cutting method for these metal materials.

尚、特許文献１には、溝の往復加工に於いて、エンドミルの送り方向に対する切削抵抗の向きを一定とし、尚且つ往路と復路の切削抵抗を等しくすることにより、溝の曲りや偏り等の形状精度悪化を防止する金型の切削加工方法が開示されている。   In Patent Document 1, in the reciprocating process of the groove, the direction of the cutting resistance with respect to the feed direction of the end mill is made constant, and the cutting resistance of the forward path and the backward path is made equal, so A mold cutting method for preventing deterioration of shape accuracy is disclosed.

特許文献１の場合、常に一定の切込みとなることでエンドミルの特定の箇所、例えば切削と被切削の境界部に負荷が集中し、又止まり溝折返し時には往路及び復路とは同じ切込みとはならない為切削抵抗が大きくなり、エンドミルの損傷を招く虞れがある。   In the case of Patent Document 1, the load is concentrated at a specific portion of the end mill, for example, at the boundary between cutting and workpiece, because the cutting is always constant, and when the stop groove is turned back, the forward and return paths are not the same. Cutting resistance increases, and there is a possibility of causing damage to the end mill.

又、特許文献２には、先細のテーパ状の刃を有するスクエアエンドミルを用いており、軸心に垂直な方向での切削速度を軸心に平行な方向での切削速度よりも高速とし、工具のワークへの侵入深さが深くなるにつれて移動速度を遅くすると共に切込み深さを小さくすることで時間あたりの切削速度を略一定にすると共に、工具を軸心に垂直な方向から軸心に平行な方向へと移動させる際、又は軸心に平行な方向から軸心に垂直な方向に移動させる際に工具を一時停止させることで工具を撓みのない状態へと復帰させる深溝の加工方法が開示されている。   Patent Document 2 uses a square end mill having a tapered taper blade, and the cutting speed in a direction perpendicular to the axis is higher than the cutting speed in a direction parallel to the axis. As the depth of penetration into the workpiece increases, the moving speed is slowed and the cutting depth is reduced to make the cutting speed per hour substantially constant, and the tool is parallel to the axis from the direction perpendicular to the axis. Disclosed is a deep groove machining method in which a tool is temporarily returned to a non-deflection state by temporarily stopping the tool when moving in a different direction or when moving from a direction parallel to the axis to a direction perpendicular to the axis. Has been.

又、特許文献３には、切刃の有効長が異なる複数の工具を用い、加工の深さに応じて短い刃長のものから長い刃長のものへ工具を取替えて何回かに分けてダウンカットにて加工を行い、目的の深さまで加工した後最後に用いた工具を使用して仕上げ加工を行うことで、溝の底付近の食込みによる広がりを防止し、離形性に優れた溝形状を得る深溝の切削加工方法が開示されている。   In Patent Document 3, a plurality of tools having different effective lengths of cutting blades are used, and the tool is changed from a short blade length to a long blade length according to the depth of machining, and divided into several times. Grooves with excellent releasability by machining by down-cutting, finishing to the desired depth, and finishing using the last tool, preventing spreading near the bottom of the groove A deep groove cutting method for obtaining a shape is disclosed.

特許文献２、特許文献３の場合は、使用されるのが共に先端が平面のスクエアエンドミルであり、溝の形状がエンドミルのテーパ角により決定されてしまう為、溝を所望の形状に加工できないという問題があった。   In the case of Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, a square end mill having a flat tip is used, and the shape of the groove is determined by the taper angle of the end mill, so that the groove cannot be processed into a desired shape. There was a problem.

特開平１１−３４７８２３号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-347823 特開２００２−５９３３９号公報JP 2002-59339 A 特開２００５−２７９８３９号公報JP 2005-279839 A

本発明は斯かる実情に鑑み、切削加工時の切削抵抗を低減し、難加工性の金属材に対する切削加工を可能とする切削加工方法を提供するものである。   In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a cutting method that reduces cutting resistance during cutting and enables cutting of difficult-to-work metal materials.

本発明は、エンドミルにより深溝を形成する切削加工方法であって、前記エンドミルを回転駆動させると共に、該エンドミルを旋回させつつ切削し、前記深溝を常に前記エンドミルの一部により下向き切削する工程を含む切削加工方法に係るものである。   The present invention is a cutting method for forming a deep groove by an end mill, and includes a step of rotating the end mill, cutting while turning the end mill, and always cutting the deep groove downward by a part of the end mill. This relates to a cutting method.

又本発明は、切削加工の前工程として、止り溝の閉側端部に穴加工を施す切削加工方法に係るものである。   The present invention also relates to a cutting method in which a hole is formed in a closed side end portion of a stop groove as a pre-process of cutting.

更に又本発明は、前記エンドミルの挿入深さが深くなるにつれて、該エンドミルの切込み量を小さくする切削加工方法に係るものである。   Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cutting method for reducing the cutting depth of the end mill as the insertion depth of the end mill increases.

本発明によれば、エンドミルにより深溝を形成する切削加工方法であって、前記エンドミルを回転駆動させると共に、該エンドミルを旋回させつつ切削し、前記深溝を常に前記エンドミルの一部により下向き切削する工程を含むので、切削加工時に前記エンドミルに掛る負荷を軽減させることができ、難加工性の金属材であっても切削加工を行うことができるという優れた効果を発揮する。   According to the present invention, there is provided a cutting method for forming a deep groove by an end mill, the step of rotating the end mill, cutting while turning the end mill, and always cutting the deep groove downward by a part of the end mill. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the load applied to the end mill at the time of cutting, and exhibit an excellent effect that cutting can be performed even with difficult-to-work metal materials.

本発明の実施例に係る深溝の切削加工を説明する斜視図である。It is a perspective view explaining the deep groove cutting which concerns on the Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例に係る深溝の切削加工を説明する平面図である。It is a top view explaining the deep groove cutting which concerns on the Example of this invention. （Ａ）〜（Ｃ）は本発明の実施例に係る深溝の切削加工を説明する側断面図である。(A)-(C) are sectional side views explaining the deep groove cutting which concerns on the Example of this invention.

以下、図面を参照しつつ本発明の実施例を説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１〜図３に於いて、本発明の実施例に係る深溝の切削加工方法について説明する。   1 to 3, a deep groove cutting method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

図１〜図３中、１はエンドミルを示し、２は該エンドミル１により切削された深溝の一例を示し、３は該深溝２が形成された金属材、例えばチタン合金製の加工物を示している。尚、図１、図２中、矢印は切削進行方向を示す。   1 to 3, 1 is an end mill, 2 is an example of a deep groove cut by the end mill 1, and 3 is a metal material in which the deep groove 2 is formed, for example, a workpiece made of a titanium alloy. Yes. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the arrow indicates the cutting progress direction.

前記エンドミル１は、例えば先端が球状で、先端部の周囲に螺旋状の切り刃４が形成されたボールエンドミルとなっており、図示しないホルダにより保持され、該ホルダを介してマシニングセンタ等の工作機械により前記深溝２の切削が行われる。又、前記エンドミル１は前記工作機械により前記エンドミル１の軸心である第１軸心５を中心に高速回転（自転）されると共に、第２軸心６を中心として所定の半径で前記第１軸心５を旋回（公転）する様になっている。   The end mill 1 is, for example, a ball end mill having a spherical tip and a spiral cutting edge 4 formed around the tip, and is held by a holder (not shown), and a machine tool such as a machining center is provided via the holder. Thus, the deep groove 2 is cut. The end mill 1 is rotated (rotated) at high speed around the first axis 5 which is the axis of the end mill 1 by the machine tool, and the first mill with a predetermined radius around the second axis 6. The shaft 5 is turned (revolved).

前記深溝２は一端が開放されており、他端は閉塞された止り溝となっている。尚、前記加工物３には前記エンドミル１により前記深溝２を形成する前の段階として、予め前記深溝２の閉側端部に位置する部分にドリルやプランジにより加工穴７が穿設される様になっている。   One end of the deep groove 2 is open, and the other end is a closed stop groove. In addition, as a step before the deep groove 2 is formed by the end mill 1, a processed hole 7 is drilled by a drill or a plunge in a portion located at the closed end of the deep groove 2 in advance. It has become.

次に、前記エンドミル１を用いた前記深溝２の切削加工について説明する。尚、図３（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）中に於いては、前記エンドミル１を矢印の方向に移動させた際に切削される領域を２点鎖線にて示している。   Next, cutting of the deep groove 2 using the end mill 1 will be described. In FIGS. 3A to 3C, a region to be cut when the end mill 1 is moved in the direction of the arrow is indicated by a two-dot chain line.

前記深溝２の切削加工を行う際には、先ず前記エンドミル１の先端が加工開始位置、本実施例に於いては前記加工物３の端部に位置する様工作機械を操作する。   When the deep groove 2 is cut, the machine tool is first operated so that the end of the end mill 1 is positioned at the machining start position, in this embodiment, at the end of the workpiece 3.

次に、前記エンドミル１を高速で回転させつつ、前記エンドミル１を前記第２軸心６を中心に旋回させる。尚、前記エンドミル１は図２中時計方向に回転するものとする。この状態で、前記エンドミル１を前記第１軸心５に平行な方向（図３（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）中紙面に対して下側）に、予め設定したｄ１だけ降下させることで、前記エンドミル１が前記加工物３に対して深さｄ１だけ切込まれる（図３（Ａ）参照）。   Next, the end mill 1 is turned around the second axis 6 while rotating the end mill 1 at a high speed. The end mill 1 is assumed to rotate clockwise in FIG. In this state, the end mill 1 is lowered by a predetermined d1 in a direction parallel to the first axis 5 (downward with respect to the middle sheet surface in FIGS. 3A to 3C), thereby allowing the end mill 1 to move down. 1 is cut into the workpiece 3 by a depth d1 (see FIG. 3A).

前記エンドミル１の降下後、次に該エンドミル１を前記加工穴７に向って前記第１軸心５に垂直な方向（図１〜図３中矢印の方向）に移動させることで、前記加工物３が切削され、前記エンドミル１の直径より大きい溝幅で深さｄ１の深溝２ａが形成される。この時、前記エンドミル１は前記第２軸心６を中心に旋回しており、公転と送りの合成で図１及び図２に示される様に、前記第１軸心５の軌跡８はトロコイド曲線を描く様になっている。又この時、前記エンドミル１による切削範囲は、図２を参照すると、点Ａが切削の始点で点Ｂが切削の終点となる。従って、前記エンドミル１の回転及び旋回を考慮すると、始点Ａから終点Ｂに至る迄ダウンカットされる。   After the end mill 1 is lowered, the end mill 1 is then moved toward the machining hole 7 in a direction perpendicular to the first axis 5 (in the direction of the arrow in FIGS. 1 to 3). 3 is cut to form a deep groove 2a having a groove width larger than the diameter of the end mill 1 and a depth d1. At this time, the end mill 1 is swiveling around the second axis 6, and the locus 8 of the first axis 5 is a trochoidal curve as shown in FIGS. Is like drawing. At this time, referring to FIG. 2, the cutting range by the end mill 1 is that point A is the starting point of cutting and point B is the ending point of cutting. Accordingly, when the rotation and turning of the end mill 1 are taken into consideration, the cut is performed from the start point A to the end point B.

該エンドミル１にて切削加工を行う際には、ダウンカットにて切削を行うことが望ましく、該エンドミル１に掛る切削抵抗、摩耗が軽減される。又、該エンドミル１により形成される前記深溝２の溝幅が前記エンドミル１の径よりも広くなっていることから、例えば、前記エンドミル１が１ａの位置にある時には、前記エンドミル１の切削部分は点Ｃから点Ｂ迄となる。従って、前記エンドミル１と前記深溝２との接触面積が減少し、該深溝２が前記エンドミル１の一部により切削されることとなり、切削時の切削抵抗が軽減される。   When cutting with the end mill 1, it is desirable to perform cutting by down-cutting, and cutting resistance and wear applied to the end mill 1 are reduced. Further, since the groove width of the deep groove 2 formed by the end mill 1 is wider than the diameter of the end mill 1, for example, when the end mill 1 is at the position 1a, the cutting portion of the end mill 1 is From point C to point B. Therefore, the contact area between the end mill 1 and the deep groove 2 is reduced, and the deep groove 2 is cut by a part of the end mill 1, thereby reducing the cutting resistance during cutting.

該エンドミル１を前記深溝２ａの閉側端部、即ち予め穿設された前記加工穴７迄移動させると、次に前記エンドミル１を前記第１軸心５と平行な方向に、予め設定したｄ２だけ降下させる（図３（Ｂ）参照）。   When the end mill 1 is moved to the closed end of the deep groove 2a, that is, the pre-drilled processing hole 7, the end mill 1 is then set in a direction parallel to the first axis 5 in advance. (See FIG. 3B).

前記エンドミル１の降下後、深さｄ１の前記深溝２ａをなぞる様に、往路と同様の経路で前記エンドミル１を図３（Ｂ）中の矢印の方向へと移動させることで、前記深溝２ａが深さｄ２だけ更に切削され、深さｄ１＋ｄ２の深溝２ｂが形成される。   After the end mill 1 is lowered, the deep groove 2a is moved by moving the end mill 1 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3B along the same path as the forward path so as to trace the deep groove 2a having the depth d1. Further, the depth d2 is further cut to form a deep groove 2b having a depth d1 + d2.

前記エンドミル１が前記深溝２の開放端迄移動すると、次に前記エンドミル１を前記第１軸心５と平行な方向に、予め設定したｄ３だけ降下させ、深さｄ１＋ｄ２の前記深溝２ｂに対して深さｄ３の切込みを入れる（図３（Ｃ）参照）。   When the end mill 1 moves to the open end of the deep groove 2, the end mill 1 is then lowered in a direction parallel to the first axis 5 by a preset d 3, with respect to the deep groove 2 b having a depth d 1 + d 2. A notch of depth d3 is made (see FIG. 3C).

最後に、前記深溝２ｂをなぞる様に前記エンドミル１を図３（Ｃ）中の矢印の方向へ前記加工穴７迄移動させ、前記深溝２ｂを深さｄ３だけ更に切削することで、前記加工物３に深さｄ１＋ｄ２＋ｄ３の深溝２ｃが形成される。   Finally, the end mill 1 is moved to the machining hole 7 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3C so as to trace the deep groove 2b, and the deep groove 2b is further cut by a depth d3, whereby the workpiece 3, a deep groove 2c having a depth d1 + d2 + d3 is formed.

尚、本実施例に於いては、ｄ１、ｄ２、ｄ３の関係をｄ１＞ｄ２＞ｄ３としているが、切込み量が大きい場合には送り量を小さくし、切込み量が小さい場合には送り量を大きくすることで、前記エンドミル１の挿入深さに拘らず切削抵抗が一定となる様にしている。   In this embodiment, the relationship between d1, d2, and d3 is d1> d2> d3. However, the feed amount is reduced when the cut amount is large, and the feed amount is set when the cut amount is small. By making it large, the cutting resistance becomes constant regardless of the insertion depth of the end mill 1.

又、上記では前記エンドミル１を１往復半させることで深さｄ１＋ｄ２＋ｄ３の前記深溝２ｃを形成しているが、前記エンドミル１を２往復以上させることで更に深い深溝２を形成してもよいのは言う迄もない。   Further, in the above, the deep groove 2c having the depth d1 + d2 + d3 is formed by reciprocating the end mill 1 once and a half, but the deep groove 2 may be formed by reciprocating the end mill 1 two or more times. Needless to say.

上述の様に、本実施例では、前記エンドミル１を高速回転させると共に、前記第２軸心６を中心に前記エンドミル１を旋回させているので、前記深溝２の切削加工を行う際には、前記第１軸心５の軌跡８は公転と送りが合成された曲線、例えば上記したトロコイド曲線を描き、前記エンドミル１と前記深溝２との接触面積は小さくなる。従って、前記エンドミル１を前記深溝２の左右の壁面と接触させていた従来の切削加工と比べて切削抵抗を軽減させることができ、チタン合金やニッケル合金等の難加工性の金属材であっても発熱を抑制し前記深溝２の切削加工を行うことができる。   As described above, in the present embodiment, the end mill 1 is rotated at a high speed and the end mill 1 is swung around the second axis 6. Therefore, when the deep groove 2 is cut, The locus 8 of the first axis 5 draws a curve obtained by combining revolution and feed, for example, the above-described trochoid curve, and the contact area between the end mill 1 and the deep groove 2 becomes small. Therefore, cutting resistance can be reduced as compared with the conventional cutting process in which the end mill 1 is in contact with the left and right wall surfaces of the deep groove 2, and a difficult-to-work metal material such as a titanium alloy or a nickel alloy. Also, heat generation can be suppressed and the deep groove 2 can be cut.

又、前記深溝２の深さに応じて１回当りの切込み量を変更しているので、最も負荷が掛る前記深溝２壁面の上端縁との接触箇所（境界位置）を上下に変更させることができると共に、切込み量に拘らず切削抵抗が一定となる様送り量を調整することで前記エンドミル１に掛る切削抵抗を一定とすることができ、該エンドミル１の耐久性を向上させることができる。   Further, since the depth of cut per change is changed in accordance with the depth of the deep groove 2, the contact location (boundary position) with the upper edge of the wall surface of the deep groove 2 where the load is most applied can be changed up and down. In addition, the cutting force applied to the end mill 1 can be made constant by adjusting the feed amount so that the cutting resistance becomes constant regardless of the cutting amount, and the durability of the end mill 1 can be improved.

又、本実施例では、前記深溝２の閉側端部に予め加工穴７を穿設しているので、前記エンドミル１を前記深溝２の閉側端部から折返す際の切削抵抗をなくすことができ、切削加工時に掛る前記エンドミル１への負荷を軽減し、該エンドミル１の耐久性を向上させることができる。   Further, in this embodiment, since the machining hole 7 is previously drilled in the closed end portion of the deep groove 2, the cutting resistance when the end mill 1 is turned back from the closed end portion of the deep groove 2 is eliminated. It is possible to reduce the load applied to the end mill 1 during the cutting process and improve the durability of the end mill 1.

更に、本実施例で用いるエンドミル１はボールエンドミルであるので、前記深溝２の閉側端部の形状を滑らかにすることができると共に、該深溝２の壁面が曲面を有する場合であっても、等高線加工することで様々な溝形状や深さに対応することができる。   Furthermore, since the end mill 1 used in the present embodiment is a ball end mill, the shape of the closed end of the deep groove 2 can be made smooth, and the wall surface of the deep groove 2 has a curved surface. It is possible to deal with various groove shapes and depths by contour processing.

尚、より広い幅の前記深溝２を切削する場合には、往路の切削後に前記エンドミル１を幅方向に移動させ復路を往路とは別経路とすることで、より広い幅の前記深溝２を形成することができる。又、前記エンドミル１の旋回半径を調整し、該エンドミル１の旋回速度及び移動速度を調整することで、該エンドミル１の往路と復路を別経路とすることなく一度の工程でより広い幅の前記深溝２を形成することができる。   When the deep groove 2 having a wider width is cut, the deep mill 2 having a wider width is formed by moving the end mill 1 in the width direction after cutting the forward path and making the return path different from the forward path. can do. Further, by adjusting the turning radius of the end mill 1 and adjusting the turning speed and moving speed of the end mill 1, the width and width of the end mill 1 can be increased in a single step without making the forward path and the return path of the end mill 1 separate paths. The deep groove 2 can be formed.

又、本実施例では、前記深溝２の深さに拘らず同一のエンドミル１を使用しているが、前記深溝２の深さ毎に有効長や径の異なるエンドミルを用いてもよく、深さに応じて最適な加工条件で加工することで、切削加工時間を短縮でき、加工効率を向上させることができる。   In the present embodiment, the same end mill 1 is used regardless of the depth of the deep groove 2, but end mills having different effective lengths and diameters may be used for each depth of the deep groove 2. Depending on the machining conditions, machining time can be shortened and machining efficiency can be improved.

１ エンドミル
２ 深溝
３ 加工物
４ 切り刃
５ 第１軸心
６ 第２軸心
７ 加工穴
８ 軌跡 1 End Mill 2 Deep Groove 3 Workpiece 4 Cutting Blade 5 First Axis 6 Second Axis 7 Machining Hole 8 Trajectory

Claims (3)

エンドミルにより深溝を形成する切削加工方法であって、前記エンドミルを回転駆動させると共に、該エンドミルを旋回させつつ切削し、前記深溝を常に前記エンドミルの一部により下向き切削する工程を含むことを特徴とする切削加工方法。   A cutting method for forming a deep groove by an end mill, comprising: a step of rotating the end mill, cutting while turning the end mill, and always cutting the deep groove downward by a part of the end mill. Cutting method to do. 切削加工の前工程として、止り溝の閉側端部に穴加工を施す請求項１の切削加工方法。   The cutting method according to claim 1, wherein a hole is formed in the closed end portion of the stop groove as a pre-process of the cutting process. 前記エンドミルの挿入深さが深くなるにつれて、該エンドミルの切込み量を小さくする請求項１又は請求項２の切削加工方法。   The cutting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutting amount of the end mill is reduced as the insertion depth of the end mill becomes deeper.
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