JP2014212702A - Coral reef regenerating method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide means that regenerates a coral reef simply and effectively by effectively utilizing coral fragments generated by an extreme wave such as a typhoon wave and construction in a coral reef area, etc.SOLUTION: A method for regenerating a coral reef is provided by covering a covering member A formed substantially in a grid or net-like pattern on a coral fragment collection group R formed by a large number of coral fragments 3, and holding such a condition that coral fragments-to-fragments 3 or the coral fragments 3 are brought into contact with death coral gravels for a long period of time, and thereby regenerating the coral reef.

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a technique for regenerating coral reefs that have been devastated by coral colonies being destroyed by storms such as typhoons. More specifically, the present invention relates to a coral reef regeneration method including at least a step of covering a coral fragment aggregate group formed by aggregating a plurality of coral fragments with a covering member formed in a substantially lattice shape or a net shape.

  Coral is an animal belonging to the cnidaria, and has a feature of developing a hard skeleton mainly composed of calcium carbonate.

  Coral individuals have a structure called polyp. Coral polyps are almost 1cm or less in size, fix and adhere to rocks, etc., take in carbon dioxide and calcium in seawater, and make an exoskeleton mainly composed of calcium carbonate.

  Each individual settles and sticks to a place close to another polyp and gathers to form a colony. Polyps that are adjacent to each other in the group form a common skeleton and are connected by a living organization called the co-meat part, and also exchange nutrients.

  Some coral colonies form large-scale skeletons to form coral reefs and are called reef-building corals. Most of the reef-building corals belong to the order of the larvae Lepidoptera. Other examples of reef-building corals include the hydrocoral reef coral reef coral and the coral reef coral reef coral.

  The shape of the coral colony typically includes a dendritic shape, a lump shape, a leaf shape, and a covered disc shape. The shape of coral colonies is often determined by the species and is adapted to the growth environment.

  In relatively calm waters, such as shallow waters, there are relatively many dendritic coral colonies. The dendritic coral communities that inhabit these relatively calm waters are fast growing but often weak against waves and currents. For example, coral colonies are relatively simple due to storms such as typhoons. Destroyed.

  On the other hand, these dendritic coral colonies proliferate not only by the growth and proliferation of the colonies but also by the regeneration of the colonies by the coral fragments. For example, when a dendritic coral colony is destroyed by a storm such as a typhoon, some of the coral fragments remain alive and regenerate the colony at or near the original location. Some of them are transported by waves, etc., settled in a new place suitable for breeding, and expanded the breeding area by regenerating colonies at that place.

In addition, as a technique relevant to the present invention, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a coral sea culture method, Patent Document 2 discloses a coral reef area type artificial fishing reef, Patent Document 3 discloses a coral reef structure, Patent Document 4 discloses a coral growing structure, and Patent Document 5 discloses a coral breeding / transplanting mat.
JP 2005-160316 A JP 2004-129640 A JP 2007-267699 A JP 2012-223128 A JP 2011-125247 A

  Due to the recent increase in storm waves such as typhoons, coral fragments of dendritic corals are increasing in large numbers. In addition, in the construction of coral reef areas such as channel dredging and port reclamation, coral colonies that have grown in the area have been moved and moved to other places for the purpose of coral reef conservation. A large amount of coral fragments are also generated during the process.

  On the other hand, in recent years, coral reefs destroyed by storm waves have not been fully regenerated and coral reefs have been devastated due to deterioration of water quality and eutrophication due to sediment discharge from land areas, domestic wastewater, etc., dredging projects at ports, etc. A lot is happening. In recent years, coral death and coral reef destruction are rapidly progressing at the global level due to the effects of global warming and the like, and a technology for easily and effectively regenerating coral reefs is required.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a means for easily and effectively regenerating coral reefs while effectively utilizing coral fragments generated by storms such as typhoons and construction in coral reef areas.

  The present invention provides a coral reef regeneration method including at least a step of covering a group of coral fragments formed by a large number of coral fragments with a covering member formed in a substantially lattice shape or a net shape.

  For example, when a coral reef breaks down due to storms such as a typhoon and the coral reef is devastated, a lot of those coral fragments accumulate in the area where the coral reef is located or in the vicinity of the seabed. A set group is formed. By covering the coral fragment aggregate group with a substantially flat-plate-like covering member formed in a substantially lattice or net shape, it is possible to prevent the coral fragment aggregate from being washed away by waves and the like. It becomes possible to hold the period.

  Also, for example, when a large amount of coral fragments are generated when moving or moving coral colonies from the place where they originally grew in the construction of coral reef areas such as channel dredging and port reclamation, etc. Those coral pieces are accommodated in a covering member such as a substantially bag shape formed in a lattice shape or a net shape. Thereby, the state which coat | covered the coral fragment aggregate | assembly group formed of many coral fragments with the coating | coated member formed in the substantially grid | lattice form or the net shape can be created artificially. By installing this covering member in a specific area on the seabed, it is possible to hold the coral fragment group in that area for a long time. Note that the use of a substantially bag-shaped covering member also has an advantage that operations such as recovery and movement of coral fragments can be facilitated.

  In addition, for example, a coral fragment group is formed by artificially collecting a large number of coral fragments in a specific area of the seabed, and the coral fragment group is covered with a covering member formed in a substantially lattice or net shape. By doing so, it becomes possible to keep the coral fragment aggregate group in the region for a long time.

  Some of the coral fragments survive for some time after the branches have broken. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the coral fragments are covered with a covering member formed in a substantially lattice shape or a net shape, light can reach the coral fragments through the voids of the covering member, and seawater containing organic matter and the like is also included. It can be freely distributed. Therefore, the coral fragments can survive and multiply even after being covered with the covering member.

  Further, by covering these coral fragments with a covering member, it is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the coral fragments due to waves or the like, so that the adhesion between the coral fragments and the formation of the coral on the covering member can be accelerated. Thereby, it is possible to regenerate the coral colonies and regenerate the coral reef relatively early.

  In addition, for example, when the coral fragment aggregate group is formed on the seabed where the coral colony was originally formed or the seabed in the vicinity thereof, and the coral fragment aggregate is covered with a covering member formed in a substantially lattice or net shape. Has the advantage that the reef can be regenerated on the seabed where the coral colonies were actually formed before the destruction or in the vicinity of the seabed. The place where corals originally grew often has conditions and environments suitable for coral growth, so coral colonies can easily grow and proliferate, and coral reefs can be reliably regenerated in a shorter period of time. .

  Each coral fragment is preferably assembled in contact with other coral fragments or dead coral gravel. For example, by laying the covering member in a state where each coral fragment is in contact with other coral fragments or dead coral gravel, it is possible to expedite the adhesion between the coral fragments and the formation of the coral on the covering member. Coral reefs can be regenerated in a relatively short period of time.

  For example, by laying the covering member on the seabed as soon as possible after the coral fragments are formed, the ratio of new coral fragments, i.e., viable coral fragments, can be increased. it can. In addition, when a coral reef is destroyed by a storm such as a typhoon, when a coral reef is to be regenerated on the seabed where the coral colony was formed or in the vicinity of the seabed, a covering member should be laid in those areas at an early stage. Therefore, it is possible to suppress damage caused by another storm wave attack and to regenerate the coral reef more reliably and efficiently.

  The covering member according to the present invention may employ a biodegradable material or an iron material. The covering member assists the growth and proliferation of the coral colony and the regeneration of the coral reef by preventing the loss of the coral fragment and preventing the coral fragment from shaking until the reef is regenerated. However, after the coral colonies begin to regenerate smoothly, the covering member may inhibit the growth and proliferation of the coral colonies. Therefore, for example, by using a material formed of a biodegradable material or an iron material as a material of the covering member, the covering member can be lost after a predetermined period of time. And the regeneration of coral reefs can be further promoted. Moreover, there is an advantage that an environmental load can be reduced by adopting a biodegradable material or an iron material as the material of the covering member.

  As described above, conventionally, a dendritic coral colony is a natural breeding strategy. As a breeding strategy, coral fragments are formed by storm waves, etc., and colonies are regenerated from coral fragments, resulting in coral reef regeneration and breeding areas. Has been expanding. However, with rapid changes in the environment in recent years, coral reefs are often devastated without being able to regenerate after storms. On the other hand, the present invention is a technique for regenerating a coral reef in accordance with the conventional natural activities by assisting the regeneration of coral colonies using a covering member. Coral reefs in which coral colonies are destroyed due to the above can be regenerated easily and in a relatively short period of time.

  In addition, as described above, a large amount of coral fragments are also generated during construction in coral reef areas such as channel dredging and port reclamation. On the other hand, in the present invention, these coral fragments can be effectively used, and the present invention enables simple and effective reef regeneration.

  According to the present invention, coral reefs generated by storms such as typhoons or construction in coral reef areas can be effectively used, and coral reefs can be regenerated in a simple, effective and short period of time.

  An example of the coral reef regeneration method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The present invention broadly includes a coral reef regeneration method including at least a step of covering a group of coral fragments formed by a large number of coral fragments with a covering member formed in a substantially lattice shape or a net shape, and the following embodiments It is not limited to narrow only.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing an example of a covering member used in the present invention.

  The covering member A in FIG. 1 is formed in a substantially lattice shape, and a space surrounded by a leg 1 forming a skeleton and a leg 1 (for example, reference numerals 11, 12, 13, and 14 in FIG. 1). Part 2.

  The shape of the covering member A is capable of covering a group of coral fragments formed by a large number of coral fragments, and the voids 2 are formed. Light from the voids 2 can reach the coral fragments, and seawater containing organic matter is also included. What is necessary is just to be able to distribute | circulate freely, and it is not limited narrowly to a substantially lattice-shaped thing like FIG. For example, those formed in a substantially lattice shape or net shape can be suitably used. In addition, as for the overall shape of the covering member A, for example, all those capable of covering a coral fragment aggregate group formed by a large number of coral fragments in a planar or three-dimensional manner, such as a substantially flat plate shape or a substantially bag shape. It is included and is not particularly limited.

  The material of the covering member A is not particularly limited, but the covering member A is preferably formed of a biodegradable material or an iron material. As described above, the coating member A is made of a biodegradable material or an iron material, so that the coating member can disappear after a predetermined period of time. And, the regeneration of coral reefs can be further promoted. Moreover, there is an advantage that an environmental load can be reduced by adopting a biodegradable material or an iron material as the material of the covering member.

  Examples of biodegradable materials include, for example, polybutylene succinate resins (eg, polybutylene succinate, polybutylene succinate / adipate, polybutylene succinate / terephthalate, etc.), polylactic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate, polycaprolactone , Polyethylene succinate, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, cellulose acetate and the like. Depending on the purpose and application, a mixture of any of these or a mixture containing these as a main component and also containing other components may be appropriately employed.

  The size of the covering member A may be set as appropriate according to the purpose and application, and is not particularly limited. For example, a vertical and horizontal range of 0.2 to 10.0 m may be used. Further, for example, a plurality of covering members A may be connected and used.

  As the covering member A, a member that becomes a coral growth base, for example, a member on which the surface of the covering member A (that is, the surface of the leg portion 1) is formed rough may be used. By using a member having a rough surface, the surface roughness (fine irregularities) facilitates the fixing and fixing of corals. For this reason, corals derived from individuals living in the coral fragments stick to, fix, and grow on the covering member A, so that the regeneration of the coral colonies can be promoted. In addition, the technique for forming the rough surface of the molded product at the time of mold molding or the like can be performed more easily and at a lower cost than the case of forming a smooth surface by a known method such as embossing. .

  The leg 1 is a substantial part of the covering member A, for example, a skeleton part in the case of a substantially lattice-like covering member, or a wire part in the case of a net-like covering member.

  The width, thickness, cross-sectional shape, and the like of the leg portion 1 may be appropriately set according to the purpose, application, material of the covering member A, and the like, and are not particularly limited. As described above, in the present invention, it is more preferable that the covering member disappears after a predetermined period of time using a material of the covering member A made of a biodegradable material or an iron material. If the leg width / thickness is too small, the strength will be low and may be broken by physical external force before the target period elapses, and will disappear before the target period elapses. There is a possibility that. On the other hand, if the leg width / thickness is too large, the covering member A may not disappear sufficiently even after the target period has elapsed. In the present invention, it is preferable that the covering member A disappears in 2 to 8 years, more preferably 3 to 7 years, and most preferably 4 to 6 years after the covering member A is laid on the seabed. Considering the environmental conditions and the period until the covering member A disappears, the width, thickness, cross-sectional shape, etc. of the leg 1 are set. Depending on the material of the covering member A, for example, a material having a width of 1.0 to 10.0 mm and a thickness of 0.1 to 5.0 mm may be employed.

  In this invention, you may provide a recessed part in the surface of the node part 15 which is a junction part of the some leg part 1 which forms the coating | coated member A. As shown in FIG. By forming a recess in the node portion 15, the coral is easily fixed and fixed to the part, so that the coral derived from an individual living in the coral fragment can be easily fixed and fixed to the covering member A, Can promote the regeneration of coral colonies.

  The gap 2 is a portion surrounded by the leg 1 (for example, reference numerals 11, 12, 13, and 14 in FIG. 1), and is a plurality of holes formed in the covering member A. Since the front side and the back side of the covering member A are connected via the gap 2, light can reach the coral fragments, and seawater containing organic matter can be freely distributed.

  The shape of the gap 2 is not particularly limited, and for example, a shape formed into a quadrangle, a polygon, a substantially circle, or the like can be appropriately employed.

  The dimension d of the gap portion 2 can be appropriately set according to the purpose and application, and is not particularly limited. When the dimension d of the gap 2 is small, it becomes difficult for seawater containing light or organic matter to reach the coated coral fragments, and hinders the growth of corals that survive in the coral fragments. On the other hand, if the dimension d of the gap 2 is too large, the coral fragments may be lost due to ocean currents. Therefore, the dimension d of the gap 2 is preferably set to a length slightly smaller than the length of the coral fragments. Specifically, it is most preferable that the dimension d of the gap 2 formed in the covering member A is 20 to 100 mm. In the present invention, the dimension d of the gap 2 is the longest one side when the gap 2 is a quadrangle, the diameter or the long diameter when it is substantially circular, and the longest diagonal when it is another polygon. Is the length of

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a coral reef regeneration method according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 2, the coral fragment aggregate group R formed by a large number of coral fragments is covered on the seabed B with a substantially flat covering member A formed in a substantially lattice shape or a net shape. In FIG. 2, the symbol W represents seawater, and the symbol W1 represents seawater surface.

  The coral fragment aggregate group R refers to a state in which a large number of coral fragments 3 are aggregated in an area where the coral reef may be regenerated on the seabed B. A large number of coral fragments need only be overlapped and gathered, and the boundary line between the region where the set group R is formed and other regions need not be strictly defined. The coral fragment aggregate group R includes both a case where a large number of coral fragments 3 are naturally accumulated due to waves and the like, and a case where the coral fragments 3 are artificially aggregated.

  As described above, the coral fragment aggregate group R is, for example, (1) dendritic corals are broken due to storms such as typhoons, and many such coral fragments are accumulated at the coral reef location or the seabed nearby. (2) In the construction of coral reef areas such as channel dredging and port reclamation, coral fragments 3 generated in large quantities when moving or moving coral colonies from where they originally grew to other places are abbreviated. When it is artificially accommodated in a covering member A such as a bag, (3) In addition, it is formed when a large number of coral fragments are artificially gathered in a specific area of the seabed.

  By creating a state where a coral reef aggregate group formed by a large number of coral fragments 3 is covered with a covering member formed in a substantially lattice shape or a net shape in a region where the coral reefs may regenerate on the seabed B, The coral fragment aggregate group R can be retained in the region for a long time without being washed away by waves or the like, and the coral group can be regenerated, and the coral reef can be regenerated relatively early.

  The method for laying the covering member A is not particularly limited. For example, it may be performed by installing a substantially flat covering member A on the coral fragment aggregate group R on the seabed B and fixing the covering member A to the sea bottom. Further, for example, the coral fragment aggregate group R (many coral fragments 3) may be accommodated in the substantially bag-shaped covering member A, and the covering member A may be installed and fixed on the seabed B. The fixing means can be widely adopted publicly known methods such as driving in anchors such as U-shaped piles on the seabed, but is not particularly limited, but is firmly fixed so that it can withstand sea currents and maintain a fixed state for a long period of time. There is a need to.

  As described above, each coral fragment 3 is preferably assembled in contact with other coral fragments or dead coral gravel. For example, by laying the covering member A in a region where each coral fragment 3 is gathered in contact with other coral fragments or dead coral gravel, the coral fragments adhere to each other, and the coral is attached to the covering member. It is possible to accelerate the settlement and regenerate the coral reef in a relatively short period of time.

  The timing of installing the covering member A is not particularly limited. For example, after the coral fragments are formed by destruction of coral colonies, the covering member is laid as early as possible, so that new coral fragments, that is, survival Since the ratio of coral fragments to be increased can be increased, the reef regeneration efficiency can be increased. In addition, when a coral reef is destroyed by a storm such as a typhoon, when a coral reef is to be regenerated on the seabed where the coral colony was formed or in the vicinity of the seabed, a covering member should be laid in those areas at an early stage. Therefore, it is possible to suppress damage caused by another storm wave attack and to regenerate the coral reef more reliably and efficiently.

  The installation location of the covering member A is not particularly limited as long as it is a region where the coral fragment aggregate group R is formed by a large number of coral fragments 3 on the seabed B. For example, the coral fragment aggregate group R is formed on the seabed where the coral colony was formed or the seabed in the vicinity thereof, and the coral fragment aggregate R is covered with the covering member A formed in a substantially lattice shape or a net shape. In many cases, the place where the coral originally grew has the conditions and environment suitable for coral growth, so the coral colony is easy to grow and proliferate, and the coral reef can be surely seen in a shorter period of time. Can play.

  For example, when the covering member A is installed on the coral fragment aggregate group R formed on the seabed where the coral colony was originally formed or on the seabed in the vicinity thereof, the coral fragments 3 or the coral fragments 3 in about 1 to 3 months. The covering member A starts to adhere to each other, and the coral adhered to the covering member A extends from the lower surface to the upper surface of the covering member A after the sixth month. About 3 to 5 years later, the coral colonies regenerate and approach the state of the original coral reef, and fish and benthic organisms that live in the coral reef begin to gather and biodiversity is restored. In addition, when a biodegradable material or an iron material is used for the covering member A, the covering member A disappears along with the regeneration of the coral reef.

  The present invention is a method for regenerating a coral reef, and the shape of the coral colony is not particularly limited. That is, as long as it is effective for regenerating coral reefs, for example, it can be applied to any of coral colonies in the form of dendrites, lumps, leaves, or cover plates. However, among the coral colonies, the dendritic coral colonies are most effective in the present invention because coral fragments are easily formed by an external force or the like.

  Examples of corals that form a dendritic coral colony include, for example, red coralaceae (genus Coralus genus, genus Coralus, Genus Coralidae, genus Palau coral), genus Euphoridae (genus Cortica genus, genus Common coral), coralidae (Hama coral genus) And those of the family Coralaceae (genus Anacoral).

  In Example 1, a substantially lattice-shaped covering member was laid in an area where a large number of coral fragments gathered, and a demonstration experiment was conducted to check whether the coral reefs were regenerated.

  As a result of observing the condition of the seabed on the day after the typhoon attack in November 2011 in the sea area (water depth -3m) where coral reefs were formed before the typhoon attack in Okinawa Prefecture, Many coral fragments were scattered and deposited on the ocean floor. In the deposited coral fragments, surviving coral fragments were scattered.

  In the area (total of 4 locations) where coral fragments on the sea floor were scattered, a 350 × 350 mm square, approximately flat plate-shaped biodegradable substantially lattice-shaped member (opening size: 20 × 20 mm, vertical line width 2 mm, horizontal line width 3 mm) 1 mm thick) and fixed to the sea floor using U-shaped reinforcing bars, and monitoring was performed by visual observation of coral fragments in the area for 3 months. As a comparative experiment, other regions (a total of four locations) where coral fragments were scattered to the same extent at the start of the experiment were similarly monitored without laying biodegradable mesh members.

  As a result, in the region where the biodegradable substantially lattice-shaped member is laid, one month after the start of the experiment, the same part of the coral fragment at the site where the coral fragment and the same member are in contact There was a success in In addition, three months after the start of the experiment, it was confirmed that a new coral structure had grown from the back side to the front side of the member. In contrast, in the area where no biodegradable mesh member was laid, one month after the start of the experiment, the coral fragments observed at the beginning of the experiment could not be confirmed, and only the dead coral gravel was scattered.

  As a result, by covering the coral fragment aggregate group formed by a large number of coral fragments with a covering member formed in a substantially lattice or net shape, it is possible to prevent the coral fragment aggregates from being washed away by waves and the like. It can be maintained in these areas for a long time, thereby maintaining the state where the coral fragments are in contact with each other or the coral fragments and dead coral gravel, and further, the coral reef can be regenerated easily, effectively and in a relatively short period of time. Suggest that you can.

  Coral reef devastation affects the ecosystems of many organisms living in coral reefs, such as fish and benthic organisms. In addition, the beautiful appearance of coral reefs greatly contributes to the tourism industry, and it is desired to regenerate the coral reefs because of its impact on the tourism industry. On the other hand, as described above, along with the recent increase in storm waves such as typhoons, coral colonies are destroyed, coral fragments are generated in large quantities, are not fully regenerated, and coral reefs are increasingly ruined. . In addition, in the construction of coral reef areas such as channel dredging and port reclamation, coral colonies that have grown in the area have been moved and moved to other places for the purpose of coral reef conservation. A large amount of coral fragments are also generated during the process.

  On the other hand, the present invention is industrially useful because it can effectively use coral fragments generated by storms such as typhoons or construction in coral reef areas, and can easily and effectively regenerate the coral reefs.

  In addition, the legal system of each country, including Japan, strictly restricts the movement and collection of corals, and even coral fragments formed by storms such as typhoons cannot be collected freely. For this reason, there is a need for a technique for regenerating a coral reef that has been devastated by storms such as typhoons in a short period of time without collecting and moving coral fragments.

  In contrast, the present invention, for example, is a technology that can regenerate coral reefs without collecting and moving coral fragments on the seabed where coral colonies were formed before destruction due to a typhoon or the like. , Industrially useful.

The front schematic diagram which shows the example of the coating | coated member A used by this invention. The schematic diagram which shows the example of the coral reef reproduction | regeneration method which concerns on this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Leg part 2 Cavity part A Coating member B Sea bottom R Coral fragment group W Seawater area W1 Seawater surface

Claims (5)

A group of coral fragments formed by a large number of coral fragments,
A coral reef regeneration method including at least a step of covering with a covering member formed in a substantially lattice shape or a net shape.   The coral reef regeneration method according to claim 1, wherein the coral fragments are gathered in contact with other coral fragments or dead coral gravel.   The coral reef regeneration method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the size of the gap formed in the covering member is 20 to 100 mm.   The coral reef regeneration method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the covering member is formed of a biodegradable material or an iron material. The coral reef regeneration method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coral fragment aggregate group is formed on the seabed where the coral colony is formed or on the seabed in the vicinity thereof.

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