JP2014112838A - Image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a crosstalk without using the special pixel configuration of an image display unit and a special drive circuit.SOLUTION: An image display device includes: an image display unit where multiple pixels forming images and repetitively becoming units are two-dimensionally arrayed in a main surface direction; and a polarization modulation unit that is arranged on an image emission side in the image display unit and where a first modulation section and a second modulation section for modulating image polarization states to be mutually different states are alternately arranged in at least one direction along the main surface direction of the image display unit. Each one of the first modulation section and the second modulation section has a width larger than a pixel pitch for the arrangement of the multiple pixels in the one direction.

Description

  The present invention relates to an image display device.

There is an image display device that displays a three-dimensional image using an image display unit that displays an image for the right eye and an image for the left eye, and a polarization modulator that polarizes the respective images into different polarization states. Since the boundary between the color filter of the image display unit and the polarization modulation unit is separated by the substrate glass or the like of the image display device, crosstalk occurs such that the right-eye image is modulated to the left-eye polarization. As a method for reducing crosstalk, there is a method in which one pixel is divided into a main pixel and a sub-pixel and the sub-pixel is made a black image when a three-dimensional image is displayed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-204389

  However, in the method of making a subpixel a black image, a pixel configuration of a special image display unit in which the main pixel and the subpixel are one pixel is used. In particular, the image display unit has a problem that a special drive circuit is used to make the sub-pixel the same color as the main pixel when displaying a two-dimensional image.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image display device, wherein an image display unit in which a plurality of pixels that are repetitive units for forming an image are two-dimensionally arranged in the main surface direction, and an image display unit Polarization modulation in which a first modulation unit and a second modulation unit that are arranged on the output side and modulate the polarization state of an image to different states are alternately provided in at least one direction along the main surface direction of the image display unit Each of the first modulation unit and the second modulation unit has a width larger than a pixel pitch in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in one direction.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image display device, in which an image display unit in which a plurality of pixels that are repetitive units for forming an image are two-dimensionally arranged in a main surface direction, and an image display unit Polarization modulation in which a first modulation unit and a second modulation unit that are arranged on the output side and modulate the polarization state of an image to different states are alternately provided in at least one direction along the main surface direction of the image display unit Each of the plurality of pixels has a main pixel and a sub-pixel arranged in one direction, and the boundary between the first modulation unit and the second modulation unit is: When displaying the two-dimensional image, the driving unit displays the two-dimensional image by controlling the luminance with the main pixel and the corresponding sub-pixel as a set, and the driving unit displays the two-dimensional image. When displaying an image, it corresponds to the first modulator. One of the right-eye image and the left-eye image is displayed using the main pixel, the other of the right-eye image and the left-eye image is displayed using the main pixel corresponding to the second modulation unit, and is adjacent using the sub-pixel. An intermediate image between the right-eye image and the left-eye image is displayed.

  The summary of the invention does not enumerate all the features of the present invention. In addition, a sub-combination of these feature groups can also be an invention.

The disassembled perspective view of the image display apparatus 10 concerning this embodiment is shown. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a stacking relationship between members of an image display unit 110 and a polarization modulation unit 150. FIG. The pixel 120 of the image display part 110 is shown typically. The positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of the polarization modulation unit 150 is shown. It is explanatory drawing in the case of displaying a three-dimensional image in the positional relationship of FIG. The positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of the other polarization modulation unit 151 is shown. The positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of another polarization modulation unit 152 is shown. The positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of another polarization modulation unit 153 is shown. The positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of another polarization modulation unit 154 is shown. It is explanatory drawing explaining the method to measure crosstalk. The measurement result of crosstalk is shown. A model for approximately calculating crosstalk is shown. It is a figure explaining the other example of an intermediate image. An example of adjusting the brightness of the entire image is shown. Another pixel 180 is shown. The positional relationship between the image display unit 190 using the pixels 180 and the polarization modulation unit 192 is shown.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through embodiments of the invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the claims. In addition, not all the combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential for the solving means of the invention.

  FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an image display apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1 also shows glasses 20 used by the user.

  The image display apparatus 10 includes a backlight 100, an image display unit 110, and a polarization modulation unit 150 in order from the user. The backlight 100 emits unpolarized white light toward the image display unit 110.

  The image display unit 110 includes a polarizing plate 112, a liquid crystal 116, a polarizing plate 142, and a driving unit 170. The image display unit 110 forms and emits an image using the white light from the backlight 100.

  The polarizing plate 112 transmits polarized light whose electric field oscillates in a direction parallel to the transmission axis, and blocks polarized light orthogonal thereto. Similarly, the polarizing plate 142 transmits polarized light whose electric field oscillates in a direction parallel to the transmission axis, and blocks polarized light orthogonal thereto. In the example of FIG. 1, the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 112 faces the horizontal direction, the polarizing plate 142 faces the vertical direction, and they are orthogonal to each other. An example of the polarizing plates 112 and 142 is a polymer material plate stretched in a uniaxial direction, but is not limited thereto.

  The liquid crystal 116 has a plurality of pixels 120 that are two-dimensionally arranged in the main surface direction. Each pixel 120 is a repeating unit for forming an image in the image display unit 110. The liquid crystal 116 is driven by the driving unit 170 for each pixel 120 so that the alignment direction is controlled, and the direction of the incident polarized light is emitted as it is or rotated and emitted. As a result, the light of the pixel that has exited the direction of the incident polarized light as it is is blocked by the polarizing plate 142. On the other hand, a component parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 142 is transmitted through the light of the pixel 120 emitted by rotating the polarization direction. As a result, an image is formed. The amount of rotation in the direction of polarization is controlled by the voltage of the driving unit 170, and multi-tone luminance is expressed.

  The polarization modulation unit 150 includes right eye regions 162 and left eye regions 164 that are alternately provided in the vertical direction in FIG. 1 along the main surface direction of the liquid crystal 116. The right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 modulate the polarization state of the image to different states.

  An example of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is a λ / 4 plate having slow axes that are orthogonal to each other. In the example of FIG. 1, the right eye region 162 has a slow axis of 45 degrees leftward as viewed from the user, and converts vertically polarized light emitted from the polarizing plate 142 into counterclockwise circularly polarized light. On the other hand, in the example of FIG. 1, the left eye region 164 has a slow axis of 45 degrees diagonally to the right when viewed from the user, and converts vertically polarized light emitted from the polarizing plate 142 into clockwise circularly polarized light. Although the positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the liquid crystal 116 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 will be described later, a counterclockwise circularly polarized right eye image is output from the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 outputs a clock. An image for the left eye of the circular polarization around is output.

  The eyeglasses 20 include a right eye modulation element 22 and a left eye modulation element 24. The right-eye modulation element 22 is formed by laminating a λ / 4 plate and a polarizer, and transmits counterclockwise circularly polarized light and blocks clockwise circularly polarized light. On the other hand, the left-eye modulation element 24 is also a laminate of a λ / 4 plate and a polarizer. However, the slow axis is orthogonal to the right-eye modulation element 22 and transmits clockwise circularly polarized light. Blocks circularly polarized light around. Thereby, the user wearing the glasses 20 can view the three-dimensional image stereoscopically by viewing the right-eye image with the right eye and the left-eye image with the left eye.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the stacking relationship of the members of the image display unit 110 and the polarization modulation unit 150. The lower side of FIG. 2 is the backlight 100 side, and the upper side is the image emission side.

  The image display unit 110 includes the polarizing plate 112, the substrate glass 114, the liquid crystal 116, the color filter 122, the substrate glass 140, and the polarizing plate 142 in order from the side close to the backlight 100. The polarization modulation unit 150 includes a retardation film 166 that forms the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 and a transparent base material 168 that supports the retardation film 166 from the side close to the image display unit 110. The transparent substrate 168 is an optically isotropic glass substrate, a transparent plastic substrate, a transparent film, or the like. The retardation film 166 includes liquid crystal molecules that are aligned by rubbing, photo-alignment, or the like.

  The polarizing plate 142 and the polarization modulation unit 150 of the image display unit 110 are adhered with a transparent adhesive 144. As a result, the substrate glass 140 or the like is interposed between the color filter 122 and the retardation film 166 and is separated by a distance D. Since the color filter 122 and the retardation film 166 are separated from each other, the image is displayed at a position other than the set position, more specifically at a position above and below the set vertical position in the examples of FIGS. The right-eye image emitted from the display unit 110 reaches the user through the left-eye region 164 of the polarization modulation unit 150, or vice versa, crosstalk occurs.

  FIG. 3 schematically shows the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110. In the example shown in FIG. 3, in response to the image display unit 110 forming a color image, the pixel 120 includes an R sub-pixel 130, a G sub-pixel 132 corresponding to the three primary colors red, green, and blue, and One B sub-pixel 134 is provided. Further, a light shielding region 136 that shields light around the R subpixel 130, the G subpixel 132, and the B subpixel 134 is provided. Thus, the R sub-pixel 130, the G sub-pixel 132, and the B sub-pixel 134 are the smallest units having independent display areas.

  In each of the pixels 120, the R sub-pixel 130, the G sub-pixel 132, and the B sub-pixel 134 have the same size, a rectangular shape that is long in the vertical direction, and are arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction. The R sub-pixel 130, the G sub-pixel 132, and the B sub-pixel 134 are provided with red, green, and blue color filters 122 and transparent individual electrodes at corresponding positions. As a result, the rotation amount of the polarized light passing through the R sub-pixel 130, the G sub-pixel 132, and the B sub-pixel 134 is controlled by the driving unit 170 to form one color point on the image. Note that, in the plurality of pixels 120, it is preferable that the R sub-pixels 130, the G sub-pixels 132, and the B sub-pixels 134 have the same configuration, but the R sub-pixel 130 and the G sub-pixel in each of the pixels 120. 132 and the B sub-pixel 134 may be different from each other.

  FIG. 4 shows the positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of the polarization modulation unit 150. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the image display unit 110 and the polarization modulation unit 150 overlap with each other in the image emission direction. However, in FIG. Further, although the pixels 120 are separated for the sake of explanation, the light shielding regions 136 may be connected without a gap.

  In the image display unit 110, a plurality of pixels 120 having the same configuration are repeatedly arranged in p rows in the vertical direction and q columns in the horizontal direction. FIG. 4 shows a portion corresponding to 7 rows and 3 columns.

  Each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of the polarization modulator 150 has a stripe shape that is long in the horizontal direction, and is arranged so as to cover all the pixels 120 in the horizontal direction, for example. The vertical width B of each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is larger than the vertical pitch A of the pixels 120. More specifically, the width B is 1.9 to 2.1 times the pitch A, and may be set based on the position of each pixel 120 on the image display unit 110.

  Thus, each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is arranged across the pixels 120 in a plurality of rows. The boundary between the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is located on the R subpixel 130, the G subpixel 132, and the B subpixel 134 of the pixel 120. In the example of FIG. 4, the pixels 120 in the first row and the fifth row are arranged in the right eye region 162, and the pixels 120 in the third row and the seventh row are arranged in the left eye region 164. On the other hand, the pixels 120 in the second row, the fourth row, and the sixth row are located at the boundary between the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164.

  In the above configuration, when the two-dimensional image is displayed, the driving unit 170 controls the luminance independently for each of the plurality of pixels 120 including the first row to the seventh row, thereby the image display unit 110. As a whole, the two-dimensional image composed of a set having each of the plurality of pixels 120 as a point is displayed. That is, not only the entire pixel 120 is included in the right eye region 162 or the left eye region 164 like the pixel 120 in the first row, but also the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 like the pixel 120 in the second row. Those on the boundary are also points constituting a two-dimensional image. Thereby, a two-dimensional image with high spatial resolution can be displayed.

  Note that the two-dimensional image emitted from the image display unit 110 is uniformly linearly polarized in the vertical direction, and is modulated by the polarization modulator 150 into circularly polarized light in opposite directions in the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164. However, when the user views the image emitted from the polarization modulation unit 150 without using the polarization modulation element such as the glasses 20, the image is a normal two-dimensional image in which the difference in the direction of circular polarization does not appear visually. Recognized as

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram when a three-dimensional image is displayed in the positional relationship of FIG. When displaying a three-dimensional image, the driving unit 170 displays the right-eye image using the pixels 120 in the first and fifth rows arranged at positions corresponding to the right-eye region 162. Furthermore, the driving unit 170 displays the image for the left eye using the pixels 120 in the third row and the seventh row arranged at positions corresponding to the left eye region 164.

  On the other hand, the driving unit 170 displays a black image on the pixels 120 in the second row, the fourth row, and the sixth row, which are other rows. In this case, for example, the driving unit 170 does not change the direction of polarized light that passes through the liquid crystal 116 by not applying a voltage to the pixels 120 in the second row, the fourth row, and the sixth row. Shut off. An image that appears visually black may be displayed by other methods.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to maintain high spatial resolution when a two-dimensional image is displayed while reducing crosstalk when a three-dimensional image is displayed. In particular, since each pixel 120 has one R sub-pixel 130, one G sub-pixel 132, and one B sub-pixel 134, the viewing angle that does not cause crosstalk is widened when a three-dimensional image is displayed with a simple structure. be able to. This is particularly useful when it is desired to display a simple three-dimensional figure with a wide field of view, such as the amblyopia / strabismus child training proposed in the medical field. Further, since the vertical width B of each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is larger than the vertical pitch A of the pixels 120, the tolerance of misalignment with respect to the pixels 120 is increased.

  FIG. 6 shows the positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of another polarization modulation unit 151. In FIG. 6, the same components as those in FIG.

  Each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of the polarization modulator 151 has a stripe shape that is long in the horizontal direction, and is arranged so as to cover all the pixels 120 in the horizontal direction, for example. The vertical width B of each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is larger than the vertical pitch A of the pixels 120. More specifically, the width B is 2.9 to 3.1 times the pitch A, and may be set based on the position of each pixel 120 on the image display unit 110.

  As a result, each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is arranged across a plurality of rows of pixels 120 in the vertical direction. The boundary between the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is located on the R subpixel 130, the G subpixel 132, and the B subpixel 134 of the pixel 120. In the example of FIG. 6, the pixels 120 in the fifth and sixth rows adjacent to each other are arranged in the right eye region 162, and the pixels 120 in the second and third rows adjacent to each other are arranged in the left eye region 164. Is done. On the other hand, the pixels 120 in the first row, the fourth row, and the seventh row are located at the boundary between the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164.

  In the above configuration, when the two-dimensional image is displayed, the driving unit 170 controls the luminance independently for each of the plurality of pixels 120 including the first to seventh rows as in the case of FIG. . Thereby, a two-dimensional image with high spatial resolution can be displayed.

  When displaying a three-dimensional image, the driving unit 170 displays the right-eye image using the pixels 120 in the second and third rows arranged at positions corresponding to the right-eye region 162. Furthermore, the driving unit 170 displays a left-eye image using the pixels 120 in the fifth row and the sixth row arranged at positions corresponding to the left eye region 164.

  On the other hand, the driving unit 170 displays a black image on the pixels 120 in the first row, the fourth row, and the seventh row, which are other rows. The black image display method is the same as in FIG.

  As described above, also in this embodiment, the same effects as in FIGS. Furthermore, since the ratio of the pixels 120 that display the black image in the three-dimensional image is about 1/3, a brighter right-eye image and left-eye image can be displayed.

  FIG. 7 shows the positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of still another polarization modulation unit 152. In FIG. 7, the same components as those in FIG.

  Each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of the polarization modulator 152 has a stripe shape that is long in the horizontal direction, and is arranged to cover all the pixels 120 in the horizontal direction, for example. The vertical width B of each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is larger than the vertical pitch A of the pixels 120. More specifically, the width B is 2.9 to 3.1 times the pitch A, and may be set based on the position of each pixel 120 on the image display unit 110.

  As a result, each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is arranged across a plurality of rows of pixels 120 in the vertical direction. The boundary between the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is located on the light shielding region 136 of the pixel 120. In the example of FIG. 7, the pixels 120 in the first and second rows and the sixth and seventh rows adjacent to each other are arranged in the right eye region 162, and the third to fifth rows adjacent to each other. The pixels 120 are arranged in the left eye region 164.

  In the above configuration, when the two-dimensional image is displayed, the driving unit 170 controls the luminance independently for each of the plurality of pixels 120 including the first to seventh rows as in the case of FIG. . Thereby, a two-dimensional image with high spatial resolution can be displayed.

  When displaying a three-dimensional image, the driving unit 170 is arranged at a position corresponding to the right eye region 162, and is located on the far side from the boundary among the second and third rows, and the sixth and seventh rows. The right-eye image is displayed using the pixels 120 in the first and seventh rows. Furthermore, the driving unit 170 displays the left-eye image using the pixels 120 in the fourth row in the middle of the third to fifth rows arranged at positions corresponding to the left-eye region 164.

  On the other hand, the driving unit 170 displays a black image on the pixels 120 in the second, third, fifth, and sixth rows. The black image display method is the same as in FIG.

  As described above, also in this embodiment, the same effects as in FIGS. Furthermore, since a black image is displayed by the pixels 120 in two rows adjacent in the vertical direction, the viewing angle at which crosstalk does not occur can be made wider in the vertical direction.

  FIG. 8 shows the positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of another polarization modulation unit 153. In FIG. 8, the same components as those of FIG.

  Each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of the polarization modulator 152 has a stripe shape that is long in the vertical direction, and is arranged to cover all the pixels 120 in the vertical direction, for example. The right eye area 162 and the left eye area 164 are alternately provided in the horizontal direction. The horizontal width C of each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is larger than the horizontal pitch A of the pixels 120. More specifically, the width C is 2.9 to 3.1 times the pitch A, and may be set based on the position of each pixel 120 on the image display unit 110.

  As a result, each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is arranged across a plurality of columns of pixels 120 in the horizontal direction. The boundary between the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is located on the light shielding region 136 of the pixel 120. In the example of FIG. 8, the pixels 120 in the first and second columns, and the sixth and seventh columns adjacent to each other are arranged in the right eye region 162, and the third and fifth columns adjacent to each other. The pixels 120 are arranged in the left eye region 164.

  In the above configuration, when the two-dimensional image is displayed, the driving unit 170 controls the luminance independently for each of the plurality of pixels 120 including the first to seventh columns as in the case of FIG. . Thereby, a two-dimensional image with high spatial resolution can be displayed.

  When displaying a three-dimensional image, the driving unit 170 is arranged at a position corresponding to the right eye region 162, and is on the far side from the boundary among the first and second columns, and the sixth and seventh columns. The right-eye image is displayed using the pixels 120 in the first and seventh columns. Furthermore, the driving unit 170 displays the left-eye image using the pixels 120 in the center of the fourth column from the third column to the fifth column, which are arranged at positions corresponding to the left eye region 164.

  On the other hand, the driving unit 170 displays a black image on the pixels 120 in the second, third, fifth, and sixth columns. The black image display method is the same as in FIG.

  As described above, also in the present embodiment, the same effects as in FIG. In particular, the viewing angle at which crosstalk does not occur can be made wider in the horizontal direction.

  The example in FIG. 8 corresponds to the relationship in which the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the example in FIG. 7 are interchanged. Instead of this, the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the examples of FIGS. 4 to 6 may be interchanged.

  FIG. 9 shows the positional relationship between the pixel 120 of the image display unit 110 and the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of another polarization modulation unit 154. In FIG. 9, the same components as those in FIG.

  Each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of the polarization modulator 152 has a rectangular shape that is long in the horizontal direction. The right eye area 162 and the left eye area 164 are alternately provided in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The vertical width B of each of the right eye area 162 and the left eye area 164 is larger than the horizontal pitch A of the pixels 120. More specifically, the width B is 1.9 to 2.1 times the pitch A, and may be set based on the position of each pixel 120 on the image display unit 110. Further, the horizontal width C of each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is larger than the horizontal pitch A of the pixels 120. More specifically, the width C is 2.9 to 3.1 times the pitch A, and may be set based on the position of each pixel 120 on the image display unit 110.

  As a result, each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is arranged across a plurality of rows and columns of pixels 120 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. In the example of FIG. 9, the boundary running in the horizontal direction is located on the R subpixel 130, the G subpixel 132, and the B subpixel 134 of the pixels 120 in the second row, the fourth row, and the sixth row. On the other hand, the boundary running in the vertical direction is located on the light shielding region 136 between the second and third rows and between the fifth and sixth rows.

  In the above configuration, when the two-dimensional image is displayed, the driving unit 170 applies to each of the plurality of pixels 120 including the first to sixth rows and the first to eighth columns as in the case of FIG. Control the brightness independently. Thereby, a two-dimensional image with high spatial resolution can be displayed.

  When displaying a three-dimensional image, the driving unit 170 is arranged at a position corresponding to the right eye region 162, the first row, the first column, the first row, the seventh column, the third row, the fourth column, the fifth row, the first column. The right-eye image is displayed using the pixel 120 in the fifth row and the seventh column. Furthermore, the driving unit 170 uses the pixels 120 in the first row, fourth column, third row, first column, third row, seventh column, and fifth row, fourth column, which are arranged at positions corresponding to the left eye region 164. Display the image.

  On the other hand, the driving unit 170 displays a black image on the pixels 120 in the second row, fourth row, sixth row, second column, third column, fifth column, sixth column, or eighth column. The black image display method is the same as in FIG.

  As described above, also in this embodiment, the same effects as in FIGS. In particular, the viewing angle at which no crosstalk occurs can be made wider in the vertical and horizontal directions.

  Crosstalk was measured for the image display device 10 shown in FIG. In the image display device 10, the dimensions related to crosstalk are as follows. The thickness of the substrate glass 140 is 0.26 mm, the thickness of the polarizing plate 142 is 0.195 mm, and the thickness of the adhesive 144 is 0.03 mm. Therefore, the distance D between the color filter 122 and the retardation film 166 is 0.485 mm.

  The pixel 120 is a square having a side of 0.096 mm. The width of the light shielding area is 0.003 mm for each of the left and right sides and 0.020 mm for each of the top and bottom. Therefore, the effective black width when a black image is displayed is 0.096 mm + 0.020 mm × 2, which is 0.136 mm.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of measuring crosstalk. A luminance meter 30 is disposed on the image output side of the image display device 10 of the first embodiment via the left eye modulation element 24 that is the same as the glasses 20. The crosstalk [%] defined by the following equation 1 was measured while changing the vertical viewing angle θ with respect to the image display device 10.

  Here, I (left black right white) is the luminance measured by the luminance meter when black is displayed as the left eye image and white is displayed as the right eye image. I (left white right black) is the luminance measured by the luminance meter when white is displayed as the left eye image and black is displayed as the right eye image. I (left black right black) is the luminance measured by the luminance meter when black is displayed as the left-eye image and the right-eye image.

  FIG. 11 shows the measurement result of crosstalk in the arrangement relationship of FIG. About 23 degrees was obtained as the viewing angle in the vertical direction where almost no crosstalk occurs.

The crosstalk defined by the above equation 1 was approximately obtained by calculation. FIG. 12 shows a model for approximately calculating crosstalk. As shown in FIG. 12, when there is a region for the right eye image and the left eye image, the viewing angle θ that theoretically does not cause crosstalk is calculated by the following equation (2).

  Here, the width P is the total of the width of the black display pixel 120 and the width of the light shielding region in the pixel 120 displaying the right-eye image or the like. n1 is a refractive index between the color filter 122 and the polarization modulator 150, and approximates 1.5. n0 is the refractive index around the user and is set to 1. The distance D was set to 0.485 as in the first embodiment. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

  The calculated value corresponding to FIG. 4 is 23.9 degrees, which coincides with about 23 degrees actually measured in Example 1, and it can be seen that the approximate calculation is appropriate. Furthermore, it can be seen that when a black image column or row is included, the viewing angle at which crosstalk does not occur is wider than when the black image is not included. Furthermore, it can be seen that the larger the number of columns or rows of the black image, the wider the viewing angle at which no crosstalk occurs.

  In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 9, the black image when displaying a three-dimensional image is an example of a third image different from the right-eye image and the left-eye image. Instead of the black image, an intermediate image between the right-eye image and the left-eye image may be displayed as the third image. An example of the intermediate image is an image obtained by averaging adjacent right-eye images and left-eye images for each color. This makes it difficult to see the roughness of the visual image while reducing crosstalk.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating another example of an intermediate image. FIG. 13 illustrates the positional relationship between the pixel 120 and the polarization modulator 152 of FIG.

  In the example of FIG. 13, the intermediate image is an image having a luminance that does not exceed the smaller luminance for each color of the adjacent right-eye image and left-eye image. For example, the luminances of sub-pixels of the respective colors of a pair of pixels R of the right-eye image and left-eye image L that are adjacent in the vertical direction are represented as R (i) and L (i). Here, i is an R sub-pixel 130, a G sub-pixel 132, and a B sub-pixel 134. The number of intermediate pixels sandwiched between a pair of right-eye image pixels R and left-eye image pixels L that are adjacent in the vertical direction is N, and each luminance is Mn (i). Here, n = 1, 2,... N.

The luminance Mn (i) of the intermediate pixel Mn is determined by the following equation (3).
[Equation 3]
When R (i) ≦ L (i), Mn (i) = R (i) / N
When R (i)> L (i), Mn (i) = L (i) / N

  For example, attention is paid to the R sub-pixel 130 in the example of FIG. When the R sub-pixel 130 of the pixel R and the R sub-pixel 130 of the pixel L are compared, the luminance of the R sub-pixel 130 of the pixel L is smaller. Therefore, the luminance obtained by dividing this by the number of intermediate pixels 2 is assigned to the R sub-pixels 130 of the intermediate pixels M1 and M2. The same applies to (b) and (c).

  As described above, according to the intermediate image in FIG. 13, it is possible to make it difficult to see the roughness of the visual image while reducing crosstalk. In particular, since the image has a luminance that does not exceed the luminance of the smaller of the adjacent right-eye image and left-eye image for each color, a false color is unlikely to occur. The intermediate image may be incident on both the right eye and the left eye of the user, but the luminance is low, and it has the color components originally included in both the right eye image and the left eye image. Therefore, the discomfort of parallax due to crosstalk is less likely to occur.

  FIG. 14 shows an example of adjusting the brightness of the entire image. In addition to generating the intermediate pixel in FIG. 13, the brightness of the entire image may be adjusted as shown in FIG.

In the example of FIG. 14, first, an intermediate image is determined by the method of FIG. Next, the right-eye image and the left-eye image are adjusted. Hereinafter, an example of adjusting the right-eye image will be described. The brightness M1 (i), M2 (i),... Mp (i) of the intermediate pixels adjacent to the pixel 120 in the vertical direction with respect to the brightness R (i) of the pixel 120 of the right-eye image being noticed. (However, p = 2N) is used to determine the correction luminance Ra (i) using Equation (4).
[Equation 4]
Ra (i) = R (i)-(M1 (i) + M2 (i) +... + Mp (i)) / 2

  As described above, according to the image after adjustment in FIG. 14, it is possible to make the roughness of the visual image more difficult to see while reducing crosstalk.

  FIG. 15 shows another pixel 180. In the example of FIG. 15, the pixel 180 includes an R main pixel 181 and an R subpixel 182 for red. Similarly, the pixel 180 has a G main pixel 183 and a G subpixel 184 for green, and a B main pixel 185 and a B subpixel 186 for blue.

  The G main pixel 183 and the G subpixel 184 are arranged in the vertical direction. The G main pixel 183 and the G subpixel 184 have the same width in the horizontal direction, but the length in the vertical direction is longer in the G main pixel 183 than in the G subpixel 184. Thus, the G main pixel 183 has a wider display area than the G subpixel 184. The same applies to the relationship between the G main pixel 183 and the G sub pixel 184, and the B main pixel 185 and the B sub pixel 186.

  FIG. 16 shows the positional relationship between the image display unit 190 and the polarization modulation unit 192 using the pixels 180. In the image display unit 190, a plurality of pixels 180 in FIG. 15 are two-dimensionally arranged in the main surface direction. FIG. 16 shows a portion corresponding to 3 rows and 2 columns.

  Each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 of the polarization modulator 192 has a stripe shape that is long in the horizontal direction, and is arranged so as to cover all the pixels 180 in the horizontal direction, for example. The vertical width E of each of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is substantially equal to the vertical pitch E of the pixels 180. The boundary between the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is such that the R main pixel 181 (and the G main pixel 183 and the B main pixel 185) displaying the right eye image adjacent to each other in the vertical direction and the R main image displaying the left eye image. It is located between the pixel 181 (and the G main pixel 183 and the B main pixel 185). In the example shown in FIG. 16, there is an R sub-pixel 182 between an R main pixel 181 that displays a right-eye image adjacent to each other in the vertical direction and an R main pixel 181 that displays a left-eye image, and the boundary is R Located on the sub-pixel 182.

  In the above configuration, when a two-dimensional image is displayed, the driving unit 170 controls the luminance with the R main pixel 181 and the corresponding R subpixel 182 as a set. Similarly, the driving unit 170 controls the luminance with the G main pixel 183 and the corresponding G subpixel 184 as a set, and controls the luminance with the B main pixel 185 and the corresponding B subpixel 186 as a set. As a result, a two-dimensional image composed of a set having one pixel 180 as a whole is displayed. That is, in one pixel 180, the entire main pixel and the entire subpixel display the same color.

  When displaying a three-dimensional image, the driving unit 170 uses the R main pixel 181, the G main pixel 183, and the B main pixel 185 of the pixels 180 in the first and third columns corresponding to the right eye region 162. Display an image. Furthermore, the driving unit 170 displays the left-eye image using the R main pixel 181, the G main pixel 183, and the B main pixel 185 of the pixels 180 in the second column corresponding to the left eye region 164.

  On the other hand, when displaying a three-dimensional image, the driving unit 170 for each pixel 180 is intermediate between the right-eye image and the left-eye image with respect to the R subpixel 182, the G subpixel 184, and the B subpixel 186. The image of is displayed. As the intermediate image, any of the intermediate images described above may be used. Further, when the intermediate image of FIG. 13 is used, the adjustment of FIG. 14 may be further performed on the right-eye image and the left-eye image.

  As described above, according to the embodiments of FIGS. 15 and 16, it is possible to make it difficult to see the roughness of the visual image while reducing crosstalk.

  In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 16, the direction of polarization is only an example, and other directions of polarization may be used. For example, one of the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 is a λ / 2 plate and rotates the direction of incident polarized light, and the other is optically isotropic and does not change the direction of incident polarized light. Both the 162 and the left eye region 164 may be λ / 2 plates, and the right eye image and the left eye image may be output from the image display device 10 as linearly polarized light orthogonal to each other.

  Further, in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 16, the example using the red, green, and blue sub-pixels has been described. However, sub-pixels of other colors may be used, and four or more sub-pixels including yellow or the like may be used. Pixels may be used. Further, it may be monochrome without color sub-pixels.

  In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 16, the boundary between the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 coincides. Instead, the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 may partially overlap or may be separated from each other. The degree of overlap or separation is preferably within the range of the display area or the light-shielding area on which the boundary in FIGS. Further, the right eye region 162 and the left eye region 164 may be non-integer multiples of the pixel pitch, for example, 1.5 times, and the number of pixels straddling is not limited to the example of FIGS. You may straddle.

  The function that the driving unit 170 generates an intermediate image may be incorporated in the ASIC as a part of the driver of the image display apparatus 10 or may be installed in the image display apparatus 10 as a software program.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated using embodiment, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to the range as described in the said embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiment. It is apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiments added with such changes or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

  The order of execution of each process such as operations, procedures, steps, and stages in the apparatus, system, program, and method shown in the claims, the description, and the drawings is particularly “before” or “prior to”. It should be noted that the output can be realized in any order unless the output of the previous process is used in the subsequent process. Regarding the operation flow in the claims, the description, and the drawings, even if it is described using “first”, “next”, etc. for convenience, it means that it is essential to carry out in this order. It is not a thing.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Image display apparatus, 20 Glasses, 22 Right-eye modulation element, 24 Left-eye modulation element, 30 Luminometer, 100 Backlight, 110 Image display part, 112 Polarizing plate, 114 Substrate glass, 116 Liquid crystal, 120 pixels, 122 Color filter , 130 R sub pixel, 132 G sub pixel, 134 B sub pixel, 136 light shielding region, 140 substrate glass, 142 polarizing plate, 144 adhesive, 150 polarization modulation unit, 151 polarization modulation unit, 152 polarization modulation unit, 153 polarization modulation Part, 154 polarization modulation part, 162 right eye area, 164 left eye area, 166 retardation film, 168 transparent substrate, 170 drive part, 180 pixels, 181 R main pixel, 182 R sub pixel, 183 G main pixel, 184 G sub Pixel, 185 B main pixel, 186 B sub pixel, 190 image display unit, 192 polarization Modulator

Claims (13)

An image display unit in which a plurality of pixels as a repeating unit for forming an image are two-dimensionally arranged in the main surface direction;
A first modulation unit and a second modulation unit that are arranged on the image output side of the image display unit and modulate the polarization state of the image to different states are at least along the main surface direction of the image display unit. A polarization modulation section provided alternately in one direction,
Each of the first modulation unit and the second modulation unit is an image display device having a width larger than a pixel pitch in which the plurality of pixels are arranged in the one direction.   2. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first modulation unit and the second modulation unit is arranged across a plurality of pixels in the one direction.   The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pixels have the same display area size.   4. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of pixels includes a plurality of sub-pixels that display different colors. 5. A drive unit for driving the plurality of pixels;
When the driving unit displays a two-dimensional image, the driving unit displays the two-dimensional image by controlling luminance independently for each of the plurality of pixels.
When displaying the three-dimensional image, the driving unit displays one of the right-eye image and the left-eye image using at least one of the pixels corresponding to the first modulation unit among the plurality of pixels. The other of the right-eye image and the left-eye image is displayed using at least one of the pixels corresponding to the second modulation unit, and is different from the right-eye image and the left-eye image using other pixels. The image display apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 4 which displays a 3rd image.   The image display according to claim 5, wherein a boundary between the first modulation unit and the second modulation unit is located between a pixel displaying the right-eye image and a pixel displaying the left-eye image adjacent to each other. apparatus.   The image display device according to claim 6, wherein the third image is a black image.   The image display device according to claim 6, wherein the third image is an intermediate image between the adjacent image for the right eye and the image for the left eye.   The image display apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the intermediate image is an image obtained by averaging adjacent right-eye images and left-eye images for each color.   The image display apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the intermediate image is an image having a luminance that does not exceed a luminance of a smaller one of the adjacent right-eye image and left-eye image for each color. An image display unit in which a plurality of pixels as a repeating unit for forming an image are two-dimensionally arranged in the main surface direction;
A first modulation unit and a second modulation unit that are arranged on the image output side of the image display unit and modulate the polarization state of the image to different states are at least along the main surface direction of the image display unit. Polarization modulators alternately provided in one direction;
A drive unit for driving the plurality of pixels,
Each of the plurality of pixels has a main pixel and a sub-pixel arranged in the one direction,
A boundary between the first modulation unit and the second modulation unit is disposed on the sub-pixel,
When displaying the two-dimensional image, the driving unit displays the two-dimensional image by controlling the luminance with the main pixel and the corresponding sub-pixel as a set,
When displaying a three-dimensional image, the driving unit displays one of a right-eye image and a left-eye image using the main pixel corresponding to the first modulation unit, and corresponds to the second modulation unit. An image display device that displays the other of the right-eye image and the left-eye image using a main pixel, and displays an intermediate image between the adjacent right-eye image and the left-eye image using the sub-pixel.   The image display device according to claim 11, wherein the intermediate image is an image obtained by averaging adjacent right-eye images and left-eye images for each color.   The image display device according to claim 11, wherein the intermediate image is an image having a luminance that does not exceed a luminance of a smaller one of the adjacent right-eye image and left-eye image for each color.

Images