JP2013545463A - 核酸含有粒子の単離および該粒子からの核酸の抽出のための方法 - Google Patents
核酸含有粒子の単離および該粒子からの核酸の抽出のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、その全内容が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる、2010年11月10日に提出された米国特許仮出願第61/412,369号に対する優先権を主張する。
本発明は、生物試料からの核酸抽出の全般的分野に関し、特に体液からの核酸含有粒子の単離および単離された粒子からの核酸の抽出に関する。
細胞から排出される小さい微小胞はしばしば、「エクソソーム」として記載される(Thery et al., 2002)。エクソソームは、直径およそ30〜100 nmを有すると報告され、正常および病的な状態の両方において多くの異なる細胞タイプから排出される(Thery et al., 2002)。エクソソームは、典型的に、後期エンドソーム膜が内側に陥入してねじりとられることにより形成される。これによって、小さい脂質二重層小胞を含む多小胞体(MVB)が形成され、この脂質二重層小胞の各々が親細胞の細胞質の試料を含む(Stoorvogel et al., 2002)。MVBと細胞膜との融合により、これらのエクソソームが細胞から放出されて、血液、尿、脳脊髄液、または他の体液へと送達される。
本発明は、低速遠心分離を用いて、生物試料から粒子をペレット化して、粒子から高品質の核酸を抽出することができるという本発明者らの発見に基づいている。1つの局面において、本発明は、約200,000 gを超えない速度での1回または複数回の遠心分離法によって生物試料から核酸含有粒子を単離する段階、高品質核酸抽出を妨害するかまたは妨害しうる有害な要因を軽減するための1つまたは複数の段階を実施する段階、および単離された粒子から核酸を抽出する段階によって核酸を抽出するための方法である。
上記のとおり、細胞由来の小胞は、サイズが不均一であり、直径が約10 nm〜約5000 nmの範囲である。たとえば、「エクソソーム」は、直径およそ30〜100 nmを有するが、分泌膜小胞およびアポトーシス体はしばしばそれより大きいと記載される(Orozco and Lewis, 2010)。したがって、エクソソーム、分泌膜小胞、マイクロ粒子、ナノ小胞、アポトーシス体、ナノ粒子、および様々な技術を用いた膜小胞同時単離体を、それ以外であると明白に示されている場合を除き、本明細書全体を通して集合的に「微小胞」と呼ぶ。
K=2.53*1011*In(rmax/rmin)]/RPM2
によって算出することができ、式中、rmaxは、遠心分離機の回転軸からの最大半径であり、rminは、回転軸からの最少半径である。rmaxおよびrminは通常、遠心分離機の製造元から入手できる。RPMは、1分間当たりの回転数で表す速度である。Kファクターは、以下の式:
T=K/S
によって沈降計数Sに関連し、式中、Tは、時間で表したある粒子をペレット化するために要する時間である。Sがある粒子に関して公知の定数である場合、この関係を用いて、以下の式:
T1/K1=T2/K2
を用いて異なるローター間で相互転換することができ、式中、T1は1つのローターでペレット化するための時間であり、K1はそのローターのKファクターであり、K2は他のローターのKファクターであり、かつT2は他のローターでペレット化するための時間である。K1、T1が公知であり、K2を算出することができる場合には、T2が決定されうる。このようにして、Kファクターを算出することができる限り、特定のプロトコールにおいて挙げられている遠心分離ローターそのものにアクセスする必要はない。ペレット化させる特定の物質の沈降定数(S)が、不明である場合、当業者は同じ物質のT1に関する経験的データ、および異なるローターに関するK2の算出に基づいてT2を決定してもよい。
本発明者らは、正常な、健康なヒトボランティアから凍結血清試料1 mlを得た。血清試料を0.8μmのフィルター(Millipore)を通して濾過して、次に濾液を-80℃で24時間保存した。試料を融解後、SuperaseIn 8μlを添加した。次に試料を20,000 g(Hettich微量遠心器)でアングルヘッド(angle head)ローターにおいて4℃で0.5時間遠心分離した。上清を除去して廃棄した。ペレットをPBS 1.5 mlに再懸濁させて、20,000 gでさらに0.5時間再度遠心分離した。上清を除去して廃棄した。ペレットをSuperaseIn(20単位/μl)8μlによって1分間処置した後、10μl/mlβメルカプトエタノールを含むRLT緩衝液中に再懸濁させて、DNA除去カラムを特色とするQiagen RNeasy Plusキットを用いて処理した。核酸をヌクレアーゼフリーの水16μl中に溶出した。
本発明者らは、実施例1と同じ正常な健康なヒトボランティアから凍結血清試料1 mlを得て、0.8μmのフィルター(Millipore)を通して血清を濾過し、濾液を-80℃で24時間保存した。凍結した試料を氷中で融解して、SuperaseIn(Ambion Inc.)8μlを含む1.5 ml Eppendorfチューブに移した。20,000 gで0.5時間の遠心分離段階の後、以下の実施例3に詳述するとおりに今後の抽出のために上清をとっておいた。ペレットを、改変miRNeasy RNA抽出プロトコールを用いる核酸抽出のために用いた。この改変プロトコールは、実施例1において用いられるRNeasy Plusキットに含まれる製造元のプロトコールより、低分子RNA(たとえば、200ヌクレオチド未満)を捕捉するためにより効率的であった。
1試料あたり
本発明者らは、血清試料1 mlを20,000 gで0.5時間遠心分離後、実施例2において得られた上清によって実験を開始した。上清を120,000 gで4〜8℃でさらに80分間超遠心分離した(Beckman社のOptima Max-XP Benchtop超遠心分離機)。減速は7に設定した。次に、DNアーゼおよびSuperaseIn混合物による処理により実験を開始して実施例2において先に詳述した同じプロトコールに従って、核酸をペレットから抽出した。本発明者らは、抽出した核酸のプロファイルを分析して、実施例2と同じ4つの遺伝子の逆転写およびリアルタイムPCR分析を行った。
本発明者らは、正常な健康なボランティアの血清試料24 mlにより実験を開始した。0.8μmのフィルター(Millipore)を通して血清試料を濾過した後、濾液を-80℃で24時間保存した。血清試料24 mlを融解して、24本の管に各管1 mlずつ移した。各管にSuperaseIn 8μlを添加して、血清試料と混合した。
本発明者らは、正常で健康なヒトボランティアからスポット尿試料10 mlを用いて開始した。試料は4℃で1週間保存されていた。尿試料を0.8μmのフィルター(Nalgene)を通して濾過した。次に、濾液をアングルヘッドローターにおいて20,000 gで4℃において1時間遠心分離した。上清を除去して廃棄した。ペレットを、10μl/mlβメルカプトエタノールを含むRLT緩衝液中で溶解して、Qiagen RNeasy Plusキットを用いて処理した。核酸をヌクレアーゼフリーの水16μl中に溶出した。
Claims (24)
- (a) 1回または複数回の遠心分離法によって生物試料から核酸含有粒子を単離する段階であって、該遠心分離法のいずれも、約200,000 gを超える速度で実施されない、段階;
(b) 高品質核酸抽出を妨害するかまたは妨害しうる有害な要因を軽減するための1つまたは複数の段階を実施する段階;および
(c) 単離された該粒子から核酸を抽出する段階
を含む、該生物試料から核酸を抽出するための方法。 - 前記核酸含有粒子が、微小胞、RNA-タンパク質複合体、DNA-タンパク質複合体、または、微小胞、RNA-タンパク質複合体およびDNA-タンパク質複合体の任意の組み合わせである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記核酸含有粒子が微小胞である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記核酸含有粒子がRNA-タンパク質複合体である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記核酸含有粒子がDNA-タンパク質複合体である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記遠心分離法の全てが約2,000 g〜約200,000 gの速度で実施される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記遠心分離法のいずれも、約50,000 gを超える速度で実施されない、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記遠心分離法のいずれも、約20,000 gを超える速度で実施されない、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記生物試料が体液である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記体液が、対象由来の血清試料、尿試料または脊髄液試料である、請求項9記載の方法。
- 前記対象がヒトまたは他の哺乳動物である、請求項10記載の方法。
- 抽出された前記核酸が、RNA、DNA、または、RNAおよびDNAの両方を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抽出された前記核酸が、EGFR、BRAF、KLK3、18S、GAPDH、HPRT1、GUSB、ACTB、B2M、RPLP0、HMBS、TBP、PGK1、UBC、PPIA、ALCAM、C5AR1、CD160、CD163、CD19、CD1A、CD1C、CD1D、CD2、CD209、CD22、CD24、CD244、CD247、CD28、CD37、CD38、CD3D、CD3G、CD4、CD40、CD40LG、CD5、CD6、CD63、CD69、CD7、CD70、CD72、CD74、CD79A、CD79B、CD80、CD83、CD86、CD8A、CD8B、CD96、CHST10、COL1A1、COL1A2、CR2、CSF1R、CTLA4、DPP4、ENG、FAS、FCER1A、FCER2、FCGR1A/FCGR1B/FCGR1C、HLA-A/HLA-A29.1、HLA-DRA、ICAM2、IL12RB1、IL1R2、IL2RA、ITGA1、ITGA2、ITGA3、KLRB1、KLRC1、KLRD1、KRT18、KRT5、KRT8/LOC728638、MS4A1、MYH10、MYH9、MYOCD、NCAM1、NOS3、NT5E、PECAM1、RETN、S100A8、SELP、ST6GAL1、EPCAM、TEK、TNFRSF4、TNFRSF8、TPSAB1/TPSB2、VCAM1、およびVWFからなる遺伝子のいずれかに対応する核酸配列に対して90%超の相同性を有する配列を有する1つまたは複数の核酸を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 18S rRNAおよび28S rRNAが、抽出された前記核酸中において検出可能である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抽出された前記核酸中において検出される28S rRNAの量に対する18S rRNAの量の比率が、約0.5〜約1.0である、請求項13記載の方法。
- 抽出された前記核酸中において検出される28S rRNAの量に対する18S rRNAの量の比率が、約0.5である、請求項13記載の方法。
- 段階(b)が、前記生物試料および/または単離された前記粒子を、DNアーゼ、RNアーゼ阻害剤、または、DNアーゼおよびRNアーゼ阻害剤で処理することによって達成される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 段階(b)が、前記粒子を単離する前に前記生物試料をRNアーゼ阻害剤で処理する段階を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって得られる、核酸試料。
- 抽出された前記核酸内におけるバイオマーカーの有無が判定され、かつ、該バイオマーカーが対象における疾患または他の医学的状態に関連する、該対象の診断を助けるための請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法の使用。
- 抽出された前記核酸内におけるバイオマーカーの有無が判定され、かつ、該バイオマーカーが、対象における疾患または他の医学的状態の進行または再発に関連する、該対象における疾患または他の医学的状態の進行または再発をモニターするための請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法の使用。
- 抽出された前記核酸内におけるバイオマーカーの有無が判定され、かつ、該バイオマーカーが、疾患または他の医学的状態のための処置を受けているかまたは検討している対象に関する処置効果に関連する、疾患または他の医学的状態のための処置を受けているかまたは検討している該対象に関する処置効果の評価を助けるための請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法の使用。
- 前記バイオマーカーが、EGFR、BRAF、KLK3、18S、GAPDH、HPRT1、GUSB、ACTB、B2M、RPLP0、HMBS、TBP、PGK1、UBC、PPIA、ALCAM、C5AR1、CD160、CD163、CD19、CD1A、CD1C、CD1D、CD2、CD209、CD22、CD24、CD244、CD247、CD28、CD37、CD38、CD3D、CD3G、CD4、CD40、CD40LG、CD5、CD6、CD63、CD69、CD7、CD70、CD72、CD74、CD79A、CD79B、CD80、CD83、CD86、CD8A、CD8B、CD96、CHST10、COL1A1、COL1A2、CR2、CSF1R、CTLA4、DPP4、ENG、FAS、FCER1A、FCER2、FCGR1A/FCGR1B/FCGR1C、HLA-A/HLA-A29.1、HLA-DRA、ICAM2、IL12RB1、IL1R2、IL2RA、ITGA1、ITGA2、ITGA3、KLRB1、KLRC1、KLRD1、KRT18、KRT5、KRT8/LOC728638、MS4A1、MYH10、MYH9、MYOCD、NCAM1、NOS3、NT5E、PECAM1、RETN、S100A8、SELP、ST6GAL1、EPCAM、TEK、TNFRSF4、TNFRSF8、TPSAB1/TPSB2、VCAM1、およびVWFからなる遺伝子のいずれか1つまたは複数に対応する核酸である、請求項20〜22のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 以下の構成要素:
(a)高品質核酸抽出を妨害するかまたは妨害しうる有害な要因を軽減するのに十分な量のRNアーゼ阻害剤;
(b)RNA精製試薬;
(c)任意で、溶解緩衝液;
(d)任意で、DNアーゼ;および
(e)任意で、単離された粒子からの核酸の該抽出において該試薬を用いるための使用説明書
を含む、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法において用いるためのキット。
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US20130295574A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
EP2638057A1 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
AU2017203231B2 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
AU2017203231A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
CA2817111C (en) | 2019-03-05 |
EP2638057B1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
JP6219721B2 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
US10988755B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
WO2012064993A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
CA2817111A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
AU2011326366B2 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
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