JP2013532165A - 液−液抽出による脂肪酸アルキルエステルの精製方法 - Google Patents
液−液抽出による脂肪酸アルキルエステルの精製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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Abstract
Description
(1)軽質アルコールすなわち1〜8個、好ましくは1〜5、さらに好ましくは1〜4個の炭素原子を有する低級脂肪族アルコールから成る極性溶媒(PS)、
(2)必要に応じて用いられる上記軽質アルコールに不溶な溶剤から成る非極性溶媒(NS)。
1−FAAEをNSとPSとに混合し、得られた混合物を攪拌し、モノグリセリドが濃縮された重質相1(HP1)と精製されたFAAEを含む軽質相1(LP1)とが得られるまで静置分離する。
2−混合、撹拌および静置分離
LP1+PS−> HP2+LP2
3−混合、撹拌および静置分離
HP1+HP2+NS−> HP3+LP3
4−混合、撹拌および静置分離
HP3+NS−> HP4+LP4
(ここで、
− HP4はモノグリセリドが濃縮された重質相、
− 軽質相の合計LP2+LP3+LP4は精製されたFAAEを含み、モノグリセリドの含有量は精製されたFAAEの重量に対して0.8重量%以下であるのが好ましい)
Techniques de l'Ingenieur、Parts J 2 764、J 2 765およびJ 2 766
以下の実施例では、残留モノグリセリドの含有量(モノグリセリド>0.8%)の点でEN規格14214に従わない脂肪酸メチルエステル(FAME)の留分中に存在するモノグリセリド(MG)を抽出するために、本発明の液/液抽出プロセスを使用した例を示す。
1.5gのMG−ドープCRME+30m1のNS+15mlのPS−>重質Φ1+軽質Φ1
2.軽質Φ1+15mlのPS−>重質Φ2+軽質Φ2
3.重質Φ1+重質Φ2+30mlのNS−>重質Φ3+軽質Φ3
4.重質Φ3+30mlのNS−>重質Φ4+軽質Φ
PS:極性溶媒(含水率が異なメタノール/水)
濃縮:
1.重質Φ4−>極性留分
2.軽質Φ2+軽質Φ3+軽質Φ4−>無極性留分
モノグリセリドの添加量が非常に多い(2.4%)のメチルエステル留分から精製されたエステルの物質収支を[表1]に示す。
メタノールの水和度が下がると軽質相に抽出される原料の量も減少する。それにもかかわらず、メタノール/水の重量比が80/20から99/1の範囲でモノグリセリドの抽出選択性は極性溶媒の含水率の関数として極大を通る。
本発明方法を用いることでメチルエステル留分の初期値が非常に高いモノグリセリド含有量をファクタ2.5だけ低下させることができる。
モノグリセリドの添加量が中程度(1.3%)であるメチルエステル留分からの精製されたエステルの物質収支を[表2]に示す。
メタノールの水和度が下がると軽質相中に抽出される原料の量が減少するが、モノグリセリドの抽出選択性は、メタノール/水の重量比が80/20から99/1の範囲で極性溶媒の含水率の関数として、極大を通る。
本発明方法は、添加量が非常に高いメチルエステルのモノグリセリド含有量をファクタ2だけ減らすことができる。従って、バイオディーゼルとしてヨーロッパ規格に合わないメチルエステル(モノグリセリド>0.8%)を液−液抽出によって精製できる。
モノグリセリドの添加が中程度(1.03%)のFAME留分から精製されたエステルの物質収支を[表3]に示す。
モノグリセリドを中程度に添加した出発エステルのバッチからモノグリセリドの抽出収率66%が得られ、プロセスの選択性が確認された。軽質位相から得られたFAMEはバイオディーゼルとしてのヨーロッパの規格(モノグリセリド含有量<0.8%)に合う。
向流カラムでの精製テスト
(a)中程度に添加したFAME留分からMGの一段抽出で極性溶媒により抽出:
手順:20gのMGドープしたCRME+20gPS−>重質Φ1+軽質Φ1
ヘキサンを含まない場合、メタノールによるモノグリセリドの随伴が生じる。メタノールは軽質相になる。
一回の抽出と水和メタノール(10/90)の存在だけで、MGが40%の収率で抽出され、適合レベル(バイオディーゼル)までMG含有量にすることができる。これは精製FAMEを高収量(96%)で実現できる。このテストは工業的に現実的な溶剤/エステル比で本発明方法を実施できることを示している。
モノグリセリドを含み、メチルエステルも含むメタノール−リッチ相はエステル交換反応ユニットの抽出プロセスの上流側へ容易に再循環でき、そこでモノグリセリドが完全転化するまで転化プロセスを繰り返すことができる。従って、材料のロスがない。
MGは50%のオーダーで抽出され、MG含有量を非常に低レベル(<0.4%)まで下げることができる。これは精製されたエステルを高収率(96%)にして達成できる。このテストは工業的に現実的な溶剤/エステル比で本発明プロセスが実施できることを示す。
手順:
20gの適合CRME+20gのPS−>重質Φ1+軽質Φ1
重質Φ1+20gのPS−>重いΦ2+軽質Φ2
MGをわずかに添加したエステルから出発した場合、グリセライドの抽出は2段階以上の向流で能率的に実行された。MG抽出収率>71%、精製されたエステル中のMG含有量は約0.2%。プロセスの精製されたエステル収率は90%以上で、MGが濃縮した留分はステル交換反応に再循環できる。このテストで本発明方法が工業的に意味のあることを確認できる。
このテストの目的は、溶剤の量を減らす目的での極性溶媒/エステル比の影響を評価することにある。溶剤/エステル比=1/2でテストした。
手順:
20gのCRME+10gのPS−>重質Φ1+軽質質Φ1
テスト9と比較すると、使用した溶剤の量を半分に減らすことで40%の高いMG抽出収率を維持することができ、しかも精製されたエステル中の残留MG含有量をテスト9(0.34%)よりほんのわずかだけ大きい0.4%にすることができる。この値は現在のバイオディーゼル規格以下である。精製されたエステルの全収率はテスト9の96.0%より論理上改善され、97.6%である。
手順:
20gの現在適合CRME+10gのPS−>重質Φ1+軽質Φ1
テスト10と比較すると、使用する溶剤の量を半分に減らすことで、54%の高い抽出収率を維持することができ、しかも、精製されたエステル中の残留モノグリセリド含有量をテスト10よりほんのわずか(0.2%)だけ大きい0.3%にすることができる。この値は現在規格のバイオディーゼルの値以下である。精製されたエステルの全収率はテスト10の91.7%より論理上改善されて96.0%になる。
メチルエステルからのモノグリセリドの極性溶媒による多段(5段)向流抽出
向流(5段)カラムでの抽出シミュレーションの手順:
40gの現在適合(0.67%)CRME+10gのPS−>重質Φ1+軽質Φ1
極性溶媒/FAMEの重量比は1/4である。
1. 5つの分液漏斗に40gのエステルと10gの水和メタノール10/90を入れ、攪拌し、静置分離した。H1は分液漏斗No.1の上側相であり、B1は分液漏斗No.1のした下側相であり、他の分液漏斗もこれと同じである。
2. B1を丸底フラスコに採り、濃縮した。H1をビーカーに入れ、分液漏斗No.1に10gのメタノールを入れる。
3. B2を分液漏斗No.1に入れ、H2はビーカーに入れ、H1は分液漏斗No2に入れる。
4. B3を分液漏斗No.2に入れ、H3はビーカーに入れ、H2は分液漏斗No.3に入れる。
5. B4を分液漏斗No.3に入れ、H4はビーカーに入れ、H3は分液漏斗No.4に入れる。
6. B5を分液漏斗No.4に入れ、H5は丸底フラスコに採り、濃縮し、40gのH4とメチルエステルを分液漏斗No.5に入れる。次いで、全ての分液漏斗を攪拌し、静置分離した。
(1)第1の抽出段階後のMG含有量は急速に減少する(0.5%以下)。
(2)第2シーケンスからMG含有量は急速に0.45%のプラトーに達し、その後の抽出ではわずかに変化する。
(3)5段抽出段階後のエステルの全収率は97.2%であり、全面MG抽出収率は34.6%である。
Claims (16)
- (1)軽質アルコールから成る極性溶媒(PS)と、(2)必要に応じて用いられる上記軽質アルコールに不溶な溶剤から成る非極性溶媒(NS)とを用いた少なくとも一つの液/液抽出段階を有する、脂肪酸アルキルエステル(FAAE)の留分中に存在するモノグリセリドを選択的に抽出する方法。
- 上記軽質アルコールがメタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、n−プロパノール、ブタノール、イソブタノール、2−エチルヘキサノールおよびこれらの混合物の中から選択される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 上記極性溶媒が99.9〜70%の軽質アルコールと、0.1〜30%の水とから成る請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 非極性溶媒がヘキサン、ヘプタン、ベンゼン、ビシクロヘキシル、シクロヘキサン、デカリン、デカン、ヘキサン、ケロシン、メチルシクロヘキサ、テクソルブ(Texsolve)SまたはS−66、ナフサ、スケルライト(Skellite)、テトラデカン、テクソルブ(Texsolve)、超臨界CO2、圧縮プロパン、圧縮ブタン、天然溶剤およびこれらの混合物の中から選択される請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- FAAEがナタネ、紅花、ヒマワリ、キンレンカ、ガイシ、オリーブ、ゴマ、ダイズ、トウモロコシ、ピーナッツ、クルミ、ハシバミ、アボガド、ブドウの種、綿実、米、ババスーヤシ、カストール、ヤシ、椰子の実、ハウチワマメ、タイワンアブラギリ(jatropha)、ココナッツ、亜麻仁、オオマツヨイグサ、ジョジョバ(jojoba)、アマナズナ(camelina)または藻類(algal)オイル、獣脂、例えば牛肉または豚肉、ニワトリの脂肪、魚、ミルクの脂肪質、シアバター、バイオディーゼル、使用済みクッキングオイル、ミセラ、これらの誘導体、特に水素化または共役誘導体、これらオイルの留分およびこれらの混合物のエステルの中から選択される少なくとも一種のエステルから成る請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- FAAEの留分が液/液抽出段階前のエステルの留分の総重量に対して0.5〜5重量%のモノグリセリドを含む請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- FAAEの留分がこの留分の重量に対して少なくとも90重量%の脂肪酸メチルエステル(FAME)を含む請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 軽質アルコールがメタノールである請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非極性溶媒がヘキサンである請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 極性溶媒(PS)をFAAEの留分に対して向流で導入して、重質相に精製済みFAAEが得られ、軽質相に濃縮されたモノグリセリドが得られようにする請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- FAAEをNSおよびPSと混合し、、濃縮されたモノグリセリドがリッチな重質相(HP1)が得られ、精製されたFAAEを含む軽質相(LP1)が得られるまで、得られた混合物を攪拌する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2つの抽出段階を有する請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも5つの抽出段階を有する請求項12に記載の方法。
- 極性溶媒/FAAEの重量比が1/5から5/1、好ましくは1/4から4/1、より好ましくは1/4から1/1の範囲内にある請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- FAAEの留分の重量に対してモノグリセリドの含有量が0.6重量%以下、好ましくは0.5重量%以下、より好ましくは0.4重量%以下、さらに好ましくは0.3重量%以下、より好ましくは0.25重量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法でえられる、植物または動物起源の物質の脂肪酸アルキルエステル(FAAE)留分。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法で得られる、モノグリセリドの含有量が0.6%以下であるFAAEの精製された留分を含むバイオディーゼル。
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PCT/FR2011/051462 WO2012004489A1 (fr) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-06-24 | Procede de purification d'un ester alkylique d'acide gras par extraction liquide/liquide |
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US9169447B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-10-27 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining natural oils, and methods of producing fuel compositions |
US9175231B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-11-03 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining natural oils and methods of producing fuel compositions |
US9365487B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2016-06-14 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing dibasic esters and acids from natural oil feedstocks |
US9222056B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-12-29 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining natural oils, and methods of producing fuel compositions |
US9382502B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2016-07-05 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing isomerized fatty acid esters and fatty acids from natural oil feedstocks |
BR112012008608B8 (pt) | 2009-10-12 | 2022-06-14 | Elevance Renewable Sciences | Método de refinação de óleo natural |
US9000246B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-04-07 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing dibasic esters and acids from natural oil feedstocks |
US9051519B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-06-09 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Diene-selective hydrogenation of metathesis derived olefins and unsaturated esters |
US8735640B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2014-05-27 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing fuel and specialty chemicals from natural oil feedstocks |
US9388098B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2016-07-12 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of making high-weight esters, acids, and derivatives thereof |
JP6086514B2 (ja) | 2013-10-18 | 2017-03-01 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 高品質バイオディーゼル燃料の製造方法 |
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US20130211115A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
AR082124A1 (es) | 2012-11-14 |
BR112013000398A2 (pt) | 2016-05-17 |
FR2962434B1 (fr) | 2013-09-06 |
CA2804620A1 (fr) | 2012-01-12 |
KR20130091311A (ko) | 2013-08-16 |
EP2591079A1 (fr) | 2013-05-15 |
WO2012004489A1 (fr) | 2012-01-12 |
US8816108B2 (en) | 2014-08-26 |
MY183587A (en) | 2021-02-27 |
FR2962434A1 (fr) | 2012-01-13 |
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