JP2013531886A - 傾斜再結合層によって分離された多重接合を有する光起電デバイス - Google Patents
傾斜再結合層によって分離された多重接合を有する光起電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013531886A JP2013531886A JP2013514164A JP2013514164A JP2013531886A JP 2013531886 A JP2013531886 A JP 2013531886A JP 2013514164 A JP2013514164 A JP 2013514164A JP 2013514164 A JP2013514164 A JP 2013514164A JP 2013531886 A JP2013531886 A JP 2013531886A
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Classifications
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- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0352—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
- H01L31/035209—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions comprising a quantum structures
- H01L31/035218—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions comprising a quantum structures the quantum structure being quantum dots
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
- H01L31/0687—Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
【選択図】図7A
Description
本特許出願は、2010年6月7日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/351,948号及び2011年2月7日に出願された米国特許出願第13/022,350号の利益を主張し、その内容を参照によってここに組み入れる。2011年2月7日に出願された米国特許出願第13/022,350号は2010年6月7日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/351,948号の利益を主張する。
一態様として、本発明は、第1及び第2の電極と、前記第1及び第2の電極に電気的接触する光起電積層を含む、多重接合エネルギー変換素子を提供する。ある態様では、光起電積層は、複数の光起電接合を含む。関連する態様では、光起電接合のそれぞれは、電子受容半導体層と、この電子受容半導体層よりも実質的に大きな仕事関数を有する光吸収半導体層とを含む。一実施例では、上記光起電接合は、前記第1の光起電接合の前記光吸収半導体層とオーミック接触する透明で導電性のホール受容層と、前記第2の光起電接合の前記電子受容半導体層とオーミック接触する透明で導電性の電子受容層とからなる、再結合領域によって分離されている。ある実施例では、前記のホール受容層と電子受容層との間に配置され、かつこれらの中間の仕事関数を有する、透明で導電性の中間層が追加されている。前記再結合領域は、前記第1の光起電接合の光吸収半導体層とオーミック接触する透明で導電性のホール受容層から前記第2の光起電接合の電子受容半導体層とオーミック接触する透明で導電性の電子受容層に向かって、仕事関数において傾斜を形成する。ある形態では、前記再結合領域は、前記再結合領域のすべての層のデバイ長の合計の一桁以内の層厚を有する。
この実施例では、本発明での使用に適したコロイド量子ドットの合成および精製について説明する。
酸化鉛(PbO)(99.9%)、オレイン酸(90%)、ビス(トリメチルシリル)スルフィド(TMS、合成グレード)、1−オクタデセン(90%)、3−メルカプトプロピオン酸(99%)、テルピネオール、トリトン−Xおよび全ての溶媒(無水グレード)は、Sigma−Aldrichから入手した。金(Au)スパッタターゲット(99.99%)、二酸化チタン(TiO2)スパッタターゲット、インジウムスズ酸化物(ITO)スパッタターゲットは、Kurt・J.Lesker社から得た。フッ素ドープの酸化スズでコーティングされたガラス基板(Pilkinton TEC15)は、Hartford Glassから得た。
真空下で24時間80度に加熱することにより乾燥し脱気した1−オクタデセン(10mL)中に、TMS(0.18グラム、1モル)を添加した。オレイン酸(1.34グラム、4.8ミリモル)、PbO(0.45グラム、2.0mmol)および1−オクタデセン(14.2グラム、56.2mmol)の混合物を、真空下で16時間、95℃に加熱し、次いでアルゴン下に置いた。フラスコの温度を120℃に上昇させ、そしてTMS/オクタデセン混合物を注入した。注入後、温度は約95℃まで低下し、フラスコを36℃まで冷却した。ナノ結晶を蒸留アセトン50mLで沈殿させ、周囲条件下で遠心分離した。上澄みを廃棄した後、沈殿物をトルエン中に分散させた。ナノ結晶をアセトン20mLで再度沈殿させ、その後、5分間遠心分離し乾燥させた後、最終的にトルエン(〜200mg・mL-1)中に分散させた。
この例では、PbSコロイド量子ドット薄膜の光学特性を説明する。
この実施では、TiO2の伝導率測定について説明する。
式I:R=(1/σ)(1/d)(1/W)
この実施例では、傾斜再結合層をその間に有する2つの光起電力接合を含む、多重接合エネルギー変換デバイスの製造について説明する。この傾斜再結合層は、酸化インジウムスズ、アルミニウムドープ酸化亜鉛、二酸化チタンを含む。
Claims (33)
- (a)第1および第2の電極と、
(b)前記第1および第2の電極と電気接触し、複数の光起電接合を備える光起電積層であって、それぞれの前記光起電接合は、電子受容半導体層と、この電子受容半導体層よりも実質的に大きな仕事関数を有する光吸収半導体層とを備える、光起電積層と、を備え、前記複数の光起電接合は、
(c)第1の前記光起電接合の前記光吸収半導体層とオーム接触する透明で導電性のホール受容層と、第2の前記光起電接合の前記電子受容半導体層とオーム接触する導電性の電子受容層とを含む再結合領域によって、分離されており、
前記再結合領域は、仕事関数において傾斜を形成し、当該傾斜は、前記第1の光起電接合の前記光吸収半導体層とオーム接触する前記透明で導電性のホール受容層から、前記第2の光起電接合の前記電子受容半導体層とオーム接触する前記透明で導電性の電子受容層に向かって傾斜し、且つ、前記再結合領域の全ての層のデバイ長の合計量の1桁以内の層厚を有する、多重接合エネルギー変換デバイス。 - 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、さらに、前記第1の光起電接合の前記光吸収半導体層とオーム接触する前記透明で導電性のホール受容層と、前記第2の光起電接合の前記電子受容半導体層とオーム接触する前記透明で導電性の電子受容層との間に配置され、且つその中間の仕事関数を有する、追加の透明で導電性の中間層を含む、デバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記傾斜仕事関数は、前記光吸収半導体層の仕事関数の約0.2eV以内の値から前記電子受容半導体層の0.2eV以内の値まで減少する、デバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記傾斜仕事関数は、少なくとも2段の階段状傾斜である、デバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記傾斜仕事関数は、正確に3段の階段状傾斜である、デバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記傾斜仕事関数は、正確に4段の階段状傾斜である、デバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記再結合領域の前記層のそれぞれは、それぞれの場合において独立して、約1nmから約100nmの層厚を有する、デバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記再結合領域の前記層のそれぞれは、それぞれの場合において独立して、約1nmから約60nmの層厚を有する、デバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記再結合領域の前記層のそれぞれは、それぞれの場合において独立して、約5nmから約50nmの層厚を有する、デバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記再結合領域の前記層のそれぞれは、それぞれの場合において独立して、約10nmから約50nmの層厚を有する、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記再結合領域は、三酸化モリブデン、インジウムスズ酸化物、アルミニウムドープの酸化亜鉛および二酸化チタンを含む、デバイス。
- 請求項11に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記三酸化モリブデン、インジウムスズ酸化物、アルミニウムドープの酸化亜鉛および二酸化チタンの層厚は、それぞれ約10nm、約50nm、約50nmおよび約40nmである、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記再結合領域は複数のサブ層を含み、それぞれのサブ層は同一の仕事関数を有し、前記サブ層は、前記仕事関数が、前記第2の光起電接合の前記電子受容半導体層とオーム接触する透明で導電性の電子受容層に向かって減少するように、配置されている、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記電子受容半導体層は、二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化ニオビウム、CuInSe2,CuGaSe2,AlInGaP,GaAs,a−SiGeおよびa−Siからなるグループから選択されたn型材料である、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記光吸収半導体層は、p型光吸収ナノ粒子を含む、デバイス。
- 請求項15に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記p型光吸収ナノ粒子は金属カルコゲナイドコロイド量子ドットである、デバイス。
- 請求項15に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記p型光吸収ナノ粒子は、PbS、PbSe,PbSSe,CdS,CdSeおよびCdTeからなるグループから選択されたコロイド量子ドットである、デバイス。
- 請求項15に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記p型光吸収ナノ粒子は鉛カルコゲナイドコロイド量子ドットである、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記電子受容半導体層は二酸化チタンであり、前記光吸収半導体層は鉛カルコゲナイドコロイド量子ドットである、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記光起電積層は、最少で2個および最大で15個の前記光起電接合を含む、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記光起電積層は、最少で2個および最大で5個の前記光起電接合を含む、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記光起電積層は、正確に2個の前記光起電接合を含む、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記光起電積層は、正確に3個の前記光起電接合を含む、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記光起電積層の第1の光起電接合の前記光吸収半導体層は、第1の波長帯の光を吸収し、前記光起電積層の第2の光起電接合の前記光吸収半導体層は、前記第1の波長帯の外側の波長の光を吸収する、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記光起電積層の前記光起電接合のそれぞれは、前記光起電積層の他の全ての光起電接合のp型光吸収ナノ粒子によって吸収される光の波長とは異なる波長の光を吸収する、p型光吸収ナノ粒子を含む、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記電子受容半導体層と前記光吸収半導体層は、前記接合が照射されていない場合に、その間の前記電気接合が実質的に自由電子および自由ホールを空乏化させるように、充分に異なる大きさのバンドギャップを有する、デバイス。
- 請求項26に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記電子受容半導体層の前記バンドギャップは、少なくとも約1.5eVだけ前記光吸収半導体層の前記バンドギャップよりも大きい、デバイス。
- 請求項26に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記電子受容半導体層の前記バンドギャップは、約1.5eVから約5eVだけ前記光吸収半導体層の前記バンドギャップよりも大きい、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、隣接する光起電接合の前記対の一方の前記光吸収半導体層は、約400nmと約800nmの間の波長の光を吸収し、さらに、隣接する光起電接合の前記対の他方の前記光吸収半導体層は、約400nmと約1600nmの間の波長の光を吸収する、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記電子受容半導体層はn型金属酸化物を含み、前記光吸収半導体層は、前記n型金属酸化物よりも実質的に大きな仕事関数を有するp型ナノ粒子を含み、且つ、その間の電気接合の少なくとも一方の側は、前記接合が照射されていない場合、実質的に自由電子と自由ホールが空乏化されている、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記再結合領域の比コンダクタンスは、1シーメンス/cm2よりも大きい、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記第1の電極は、金、モリブデン(Mo/MoSe3)、フッ素ドープの二酸化スズ(F:SnO2)、インジウムスズ酸化物(ITO、インジウムスズ酸化物/3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン(ITO/PEDOT)、n型アルミニウムガリウムヒ素(Al/n+‐GaAs)および銀含有インジウムスズ酸化物(Ag/ITO)からなるグループから選択されている、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスにおいて、前記第2の電極は、金、銀、アルミニウム、アルミニウムドープの酸化亜鉛(ZnO/Al)、p型銀ガリウムヒ素(p+−GaAs/Ag)およびn型シリコンフッ素ドープの酸化スズ(n+a−Si/F:SnO2)からなるグループから選択される、デバイス。
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US61/351,948 | 2010-06-07 | ||
US13/022,350 US8975509B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2011-02-07 | Photovoltaic devices with multiple junctions separated by a graded recombination layer |
US13/022,350 | 2011-02-07 | ||
PCT/US2011/024222 WO2011156017A1 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2011-02-09 | Photovoltaic devices with multiple junctions separated by a graded recombination layer |
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RU2554290C2 (ru) | 2015-06-27 |
EP2577746A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
BR112012031064A2 (pt) | 2017-06-20 |
KR20130133156A (ko) | 2013-12-06 |
JP5782117B2 (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
RU2012131850A (ru) | 2014-01-27 |
SG186186A1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
US20110297217A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
CA2801750C (en) | 2018-05-01 |
CN103069604A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
AU2011264675B2 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
AU2011264675A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
CN103069604B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
US8975509B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
EP2577746B1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
CA2801750A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
WO2011156017A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
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