JP2013517415A - 排気システムを有する圧縮点火エンジン - Google Patents
排気システムを有する圧縮点火エンジン Download PDFInfo
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
[0010]SCR触媒は、通常、エンジン排気弁またはタービン出口から、かなり長い距離だけ離れて配置される。一般に、DOCデバイスと微粒子フィルタは密結合の位置(close-coupled position)に配置され、SCR触媒はアンダーフロア(underfloor)に配置される。これは、排気ガスと尿素の混合物がSCR触媒に入る前に、尿素またはアンモニアと排気ガスの混合を可能にするために、尿素噴射器、混合器要素およびいくらかの管長さを収容するように、微粒子フィルタ出口とSCR触媒入口の間に最小限の距離が必要であるという事実によるものである。
[0013]これらの暖気運転方策は、燃費に対して負の影響を及ぼし、最善の暖気運転方策を用いてさえ、ほとんどの用途で、コールドスタート(換言すれば、冷始動)の直後に起こる激しい加速段階中に、または発動機が最適動作のための温度範囲に達していないときに、優れたNOx変換効率を達成するのが困難である。FTP−75サイクル(連邦試験手順)に続く試験が、現在の最高技術水準の後処理システムを用いて、それぞれ「コールドスタート段階」および「ホットスタート段階」の開始の約200秒後に起こる激しい加速中に、全体の排気管NOx排出の約50%もが生成されることを示した。
[0020]SCRデバイスは、還元剤噴射器と、SCR触媒と、注入された還元剤が排気ガスと混合するのを可能にするための、還元剤噴射器とSCR触媒の間に配置される混合区域とを備えることができる。
[0022]SCRデバイスは、車両の中の任意の適切な位置に配置されてよい。しかし、ほとんどの場合、空間の制約のために、また、排気ガスと尿素またはアンモニアの優れた混合を可能にするために、SCRデバイスはアンダーフロアの位置に配置されることになる。
・コールドスタート段階(0〜505秒)と、
・移行段階(505〜1369秒)と、
・ホットスタート段階(0〜505秒)と、
の区分を含む。
[0051]本発明の説明された実施形態に対する、添付の特許請求の範囲で定義される本発明の範囲から逸脱することのない様々な変更形態および変形形態が、当業者には明らかであろう。本発明が、特定の好ましい実施形態に関連して説明されてきたが、特許請求された本発明が、このような特定の実施形態に不当に限定されるべきでないことを理解されたい。
12 シリンダブロック
12a 吸気マニホールド
12b 排気マニホールド
14 空気取入れ流路
16 排気システム
18 空気フィルタ
20 質量空気流量センサ
22 ターボチャージャ
24 中間冷却器
26 絞り弁
28 ターボチャージャのタービン
30 三元触媒デバイス
32 ディーゼル微粒子除去装置
34 SCRデバイス
36 尿素またはアンモニアの噴射器
38 分解および/または混合室
40 SCR触媒
41 NH3および/またはNOxのセンサ
42 EGRデバイス
44 EGR弁
46 EGR冷却器
47 エンジン制御ユニット
48 第1の温度センサ
50 第2の温度センサ
52 第3の温度センサ
54 速度
56 SCR触媒の温度
58 排気マニホールドで統合されたNOx排気
60 NOxの効率的な変換のための温度閾値
62 エンジン制御ユニットが、化学量論的空燃混合物または濃厚な空燃混合物を用いるエンジン動作を許す時間区分
64 本発明の好ましい実施形態による後処理システムの統合された排気管のNOx排気
Claims (15)
- 圧縮点火エンジン(10)であって、
排気ガス後処理組立体を有する排気システム(16)と、前記エンジンの動作を制御するためのエンジン制御ユニット(47)とを備え、前記後処理組立体が三元触媒デバイス(30)およびSCRデバイス(34)を備え、前記三元触媒デバイス(30)が、前記SCRデバイス(34)の上流で前記エンジンに対して密結合される位置に配置され、
前記エンジン制御ユニット(47)が、前記SCRデバイス(34)の温度を監視し、前記SCRデバイス(34)の温度が温度閾値を下回ったとき、前記エンジンを、希薄な空燃混合物を用いる動作から化学量論的空燃混合物または濃厚な空燃混合物を用いる動作へと切り換わるように制御することを特徴とする圧縮点火エンジン(10)。 - 前記触媒デバイスがディーゼル微粒子除去装置(32)を備える請求項1に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記SCRデバイス(34)が、還元剤噴射器(36)と、SCR触媒(40)と、注入された還元剤が排気ガスと混合するのを可能にするために前記還元剤噴射器と前記SCR触媒の間に配置された混合区域(38)とを備える請求項1または2に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記SCRデバイス(34)が、アンモニアの放出を防止するためにスリップ触媒を備える請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記SCRデバイス(34)がアンダーフロアに配置される請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記エンジン制御ユニットが、前記エンジンを、前記SCRデバイス(34)のコールドスタート後の暖気運転段階の間、化学量論的空燃混合物または濃厚な空燃混合物を用いて動作するように制御する請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記排気システムが、前記エンジン制御ユニットに動作可能に結合された温度センサを備える請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記温度センサ(52)が、前記SCRデバイス(34)の混合区域(38)またはSCR触媒(40)に配置される請求項7に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記温度センサが、前記排気システムの中で前記SCR触媒の上流または下流に配置され、前記エンジン制御ユニットまたは別個の温度推定器が、前記温度センサからの測定値を前記排気システムの熱伝導特性を記述する数学モデルの入力パラメータとして用いて、前記SCRデバイスの監視されるべき温度を計算するように構成される請求項7または8に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記エンジン制御ユニットが、エンジンパラメータを、前記SCRデバイスの温度の変遷を前記エンジンパラメータの関数としてシミュレートする数学モデルの入力パラメータとして用いて、前記SCRデバイスの監視されるべき温度を計算するように構成される請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記エンジン制御ユニットが、前記SCRデバイスの前記温度に応じて前記SCRデバイス(34)の動作を制御するように構成される請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記エンジン制御ユニットに動作可能に結合された排気ガス再循環デバイス(42)を備え、前記エンジン制御ユニットが、前記化学量論的空燃混合物または濃厚な空燃混合物を実現するように前記排気ガス再循環デバイス(42)を制御する、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 前記エンジン制御ユニットは、前記エンジンが希薄な空燃混合物を用いて動作し続けたとしてもエンジン出力NOx排気が特定の閾値未満であり続けるであろうと前記エンジン制御ユニットが判断した場合、前記化学量論的空燃混合物または濃厚な空燃混合物への切換えを、一時的に防止するかまたは遅延させるように構成される請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮点火エンジン(10)。
- 排気ガス後処理組立体を有する排気システム(16)を備える圧縮点火エンジン(10)を運転する方法であって、前記後処理組立体が三元触媒デバイス(30)およびSCRデバイス(34)を備え、前記三元触媒デバイス(30)が、前記SCRデバイス(34)の上流で前記エンジンに対して密結合される位置に配置され、前記方法は、前記SCRデバイス(34)の温度を監視するステップと、前記SCRデバイス(34)の温度が温度閾値を下回ったとき、前記エンジン(10)を、希薄な空燃混合物を用いる動作から化学量論的空燃混合物または濃厚な空燃混合物を用いる動作へと切り換わるように制御するステップとを備える方法。
- 前記圧縮点火エンジン(10)が排気ガス再循環デバイス(42)を備え、前記方法が、前記化学量論的空燃混合物または濃厚な空燃混合物を実現するように前記排気ガス再循環デバイス(42)を制御するステップを含む請求項14に記載の方法。
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EP10150682A EP2354485A1 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2010-01-13 | Exhaust system for compression-ignition engine |
EP10150682.2 | 2010-01-13 | ||
PCT/EP2011/050400 WO2011086129A1 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2011-01-13 | Compression-ignition engine with exhaust system |
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