JP2013508428A - 新規な腸の併用療法 - Google Patents
新規な腸の併用療法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013508428A JP2013508428A JP2012535545A JP2012535545A JP2013508428A JP 2013508428 A JP2013508428 A JP 2013508428A JP 2012535545 A JP2012535545 A JP 2012535545A JP 2012535545 A JP2012535545 A JP 2012535545A JP 2013508428 A JP2013508428 A JP 2013508428A
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- Prior art keywords
- vancomycin
- combination
- composition
- constipation
- disease
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- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 81
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- 108010059993 Vancomycin Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 69
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Abstract
Description
ヒトの腸内細菌叢は複雑で、およそ24,000種の細菌亜種から構成される。これは、「仮想器官」と見なされ、これまで培養されているのは細菌タイプのわずか約15〜20%であるためあまり理解されていない。実際に、医療専門家の間で本当に必要とされているは、例えば、腸内細菌叢が異常な又は感染している「仮想器官」であるという概念をよりよく理解することである。感染性病原体が細菌、ウイルス又は寄生虫である可能性がある場合には、腸内細菌叢は、いずれも急性感染症として感染している可能性がある。腸内細菌叢は、長期間感染している、即ち、慢性感染症であることもある(例えば、クロストリジウム・ディフィシル(C. difficile)、ジアルジア・ランブリア(Giardia lamblia)、ブラストシスチス・ホミニス(Blastocystis hominis)、アエロモナス属(Aeromonas)又は他の病原菌)。本発明においては、慢性腸内細菌叢感染症の概念を、拡大して記載する。また、いくつかの急性及び慢性感染性病原体が知られているにもかかわらず、腸内細菌叢に感染する病原体の圧倒的多数はまだ文献記載も発見もされていないことに留意すべきである。
便秘は、本特許出願における見方によれば、仮想器官である腸内細菌叢のこのような感染性障害の1つである。便秘は、腸壁及び身体全体に作用する生理活性物質を生成し得る細菌又は細菌種による感染症であると考えられる。便秘の原因については、本発明者のこの見方とは異なる理論が多く提唱されている。従来、多くの出版物は、便秘の原因を取り上げずに、因果関係よりもむしろ関連性を扱ってきた。因果関係は、時には検討されたが、食事の違い、心理的原因、運動障害、腸神経形成異常などによるものと見なされた。甲状腺機能低下症及び種々の治療薬など、便秘の二次的原因は多くあるが、便秘の最も一般的な原因は不明のままである。実際、患者及び医師は、一般的な種類の日常的な便秘の患者が一般に、平均量又は過剰量の食物繊維及び十分な水を摂取し且つ平均的な運動プログラムを実施しているにもかかわらず、依然として便秘であり、時には何日も続くという事実に依然として当惑している。また、健常な人は、食物繊維を摂取しなくても便秘にならないことが知られている。これから推して、我々の見解又は認識と便秘の本当の原因との間には相違がある。
(i)バンコマイシン、バンコマイシン誘導体、バンコマイシンの多価ポリマー、アミノグリコシド、ニトロイミダゾール、アンサマイシン、ニフロキサジド、コルヒチン、プルカロプリド、消化管運動促進剤及び5-アミノサリチル酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも2種の抗クロストリジウム剤;又は
(ii)オピオイド遮断剤と組み合わせた前記から選択される少なくとも1種の抗クロストリジウム剤
を含む組成物が提供される。
(i)本発明の組成物;
(ii)バンコマイシン、バンコマイシン誘導体、バンコマイシンの多価ポリマー、アミノグリコシド、ニトロイミダゾール、アンサマイシン、ニフロキサジド、コルヒチン、プルカロプリド、消化管運動促進剤及び5-アミノサリチル酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも2種の抗クロストリジウム剤;又は
(iii)前記から選択される少なくとも1種の抗クロストリジウム剤及びオピオイド遮断剤
をこのような治療を必要としている患者に経口的に、浣腸によって又は坐剤によって投与するステップを含む方法が提供される。
(i)バンコマイシン、バンコマイシン誘導体、バンコマイシンの多価ポリマー、アミノグリコシド、ニトロイミダゾール、アンサマイシン、ニフロキサジド、コルヒチン、プルカロプリド、消化管運動促進剤及び5-アミノサリチル酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも2種の抗クロストリジウム剤;又は
(ii)オピオイド遮断剤と組み合わせた前記から選択される少なくとも1種の抗クロストリジウム剤
の使用が提供される。
以下の定義は、一般的な定義として記載するものであり、本発明の範囲をそれらの用語のみに限定すべきでなく、以下の説明をよりよく理解するために記載する。
(i)バンコマイシン、バンコマイシン誘導体、バンコマイシンの多価ポリマー、アミノグリコシド、ニトロイミダゾール、アンサマイシン、ニフロキサジド、コルヒチン、プルカロプリド、消化管運動促進剤及び5-アミノサリチル酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも2種の抗クロストリジウム剤;又は
(ii)オピオイド遮断剤と組み合わせた前記から選択される少なくとも1種の抗クロストリジウム剤
を含む組成物を開示する。
(i)本発明の組成物;
(ii)バンコマイシン、バンコマイシン誘導体、バンコマイシンの多価ポリマー、アミノグリコシド、ニトロイミダゾール、アンサマイシン、ニフロキサジド、コルヒチン、プルカロプリド、消化管運動促進剤及び5-アミノサリチル酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも2種の抗クロストリジウム剤;又は
(iii)前記から選択される少なくとも1種の抗クロストリジウム剤及びオピオイド遮断剤
をこのような治療を必要としている患者に経口的に、浣腸によって又は坐剤によって投与するステップを含む方法に関する。
(i)バンコマイシン、バンコマイシン誘導体、バンコマイシンの多価ポリマー、アミノグリコシド、ニトロイミダゾール、アンサマイシン、ニフロキサジド、コルヒチン、プルカロプリド、消化管運動促進剤及び5-アミノサリチル酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも2種の抗クロストリジウム剤;又は
(ii)オピオイド遮断剤と組み合わせた前記から選択される少なくとも1種の抗クロストリジウム剤
の使用に関する。
(実施例1)
1週間の排便が0〜2回である38歳の長年便秘を有する女性患者について、複数の研究を行った。結腸又は腸内細菌叢に関して異常は認められず、既知の標準的治療法に失敗していた。患者は甲状腺機能低下症ではなく、他の血液検査も正常であった。患者にバンコマイシン1日2回500mg及びメトロニダゾール1日2回200mgの試験を行ったところ、治療3日目までに排便が始まった。患者は正常に排便を継続でき、この治療法を受けている4週間の間に排便が完全に改善された。この治療法を中断後、2週間以内に便秘が再発し始めた。治療を再開すると、患者は排便が再び正常になった。治療中に、便秘以外に腹部膨満感が著しく減少し、満腹感が改善され、逆流症状も少なくなった。患者の以前の疲労感は、治療中に著しく減少した。
コロキシル錠を1日6錠必要とする重度の便秘及びパーキンソン病が認められる高齢男性患者に、バンコマイシン1日2回500mg、メトロニダゾール1日2回400mg及びコルヒチン1日2回0.5mgの投与を開始した。3日以内に、患者は排便が正常となり、コロキシルの服用を止めることができた。意外なことに、4週目までに、患者のパーキンソン病がかなり劇的に改善された。患者は、当初の用量でシネメットを依然として服用し続けているにもかかわらず、もはや振せんを自覚せず、数カ月間にわたって歩行が改善され、「眉間叩打」試験が正常まで改善された。1年以上にわたって治療を継続したところ、患者は、便秘が完全に消失したままであり、パーキンソン病が実質的に検出できず、シネメットの用量を減少させることができた。これは、患者のパーキンソン病の神経毒性が腸内細菌叢から生じたことを示唆している。
10年の便秘既往歴、関連する腹部膨満感、疲労感及び頭痛のある41歳女性患者に、バンコマイシン1日2回500mg及びリファキシミン1日2回200mgの投与を開始した。1週間の治療後、患者の便秘は著しく改善されたが、便秘及び他の症状が実質的に完全に検出されないようにするためには、リファキシミンを1日2回400mgまで増加する必要があった。次第に、患者の腹部膨満感が改善され、疲労感及び頭痛も改善された。患者は現在までに3ヵ月以上の間治療を継続したが、体調が非常に良いので、治療法を順調に継続し、治療の中止を望んでいない。
自閉症スペクトラム障害による下痢症と時々交替で起こる便秘を有する8歳男児患者に、バンコマイシン1日2回250mgと塩酸ナロキソン1日2回10mgとの併用投与を開始した。3週間の治療後、便秘は完全に解消されたが、さらに患者の行動及び嗜眠が変化した。患者は、優しく、また、比較的穏やかになり、以前は決して行わなかったトイレの再訓練を行った。患者の語彙は、かなり急速に増加し始め、課題処理能力、親の要求への迎合性及び周囲状況認識がかなり急速に改善され、積極的な活動を行いつつあった。反復行動及び自己刺激的行動は減少した。この改善は、種々のパラメーターが改善され続け、4ヵ月の治療期間中、持続した。
重度の便秘、腹部膨満感及び腹痛並びに硬直を特徴とする早期パーキンソン病を有する高齢男性患者に、バンコマイシン1日2回500mgとリファキシミン1日2回500mg及び塩酸ナロキソン1日2回10mgとの併用投与を開始した。1週間以内に、患者の排便は正常になりつつあった。患者が便秘のために使用している種々の茶及びNormacolとMovicolは、止めることができた。6週目までに、患者の硬直は著しく改善され、患者は「すくみ」を止めると同時に歩行の開始を試み、以前に認められた微小振せんはもはや検出できなかった。歯車様硬直も改善され、患者はパーキンソン症の治療をこの段階で約30%減少させることができた。患者はこの治療を6ヵ月の間続け、パーキンソン病症状はさらに改善されたが、この段階で完全に検出できないわけではなかった。
顕著な腹部膨満感を伴う長年の便秘を有する52歳女性患者に、バンコマイシン1日2回500mg、リファキシミン1日2回500mg及び塩酸ナロキソン1日2回10mgの投与を開始した。1週間の治療後、患者の便秘は、著しく改善され、次の2〜3週間にわたって改善され続けた。患者の腹部膨満感の解消にはある程度時間がかかったが、約5週間後には、脂肪の多い食事を摂取することがあっても腹部膨満感が認められなくなった。患者は治療法を変更せずに6ヵ月継続し、その時点で症状がなかった。
Claims (22)
- 胃腸又は神経障害、便秘、機能性便秘、過敏性腸症候群、憩室炎、旅行者下痢症、慢性特発性嘔気、IBD関連便秘及び下痢症、偽閉塞症、糖尿病性胃不全麻痺、周期性嘔吐症、逆流性食道炎、自閉症腸疾患、鼓腸、口臭、慢性疲労、腹部膨満感、一過性直腸痛、パーキンソン病、MS、アルツハイマー病、運動ニューロン疾患又は自閉症を治療するための組成物であって、
(i)バンコマイシン、バンコマイシン誘導体、バンコマイシンの多価ポリマー、アミノグリコシド、ニトロイミダゾール、アンサマイシン、ニフロキサジド、コルヒチン、プルカロプリド、消化管運動促進剤及び5-アミノサリチル酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも2種の抗クロストリジウム剤;又は
(ii)オピオイド遮断剤と組み合わせた前記から選択される少なくとも1種の抗クロストリジウム剤
を含む組成物。 - バンコマイシン誘導体が、糖鎖修飾バンコマイシン、バンコマイシンジスルフィド誘導体、脂質化バンコマイシン、クロロビフェニル-デスロイシル-バンコマイシン、オリタバンシン、テラバンシン又はクロロビフェニルバンコマイシンである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- アミノグリコシドが、ストレプトマイシン、ネオマイシン、フラマイセチン、パロモマイシン、リボスタマイシン、カナマイシン、アミカシン、アルベカシン、ベカナマイシン、ジベカシン、トブラマイシン、スペクチノマイシン、ハイグロマイシンB、硫酸パロモマイシン、ストレプトマイシン、ゲンタマイシン、ネチルミシン、シソミシン、イセパマイシン、ベルダマイシン、アストロマイシン及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- ニトロイミダゾールが、メトロニダゾール、チニダゾール、ニモラゾール、セクニダゾール、オーディナゾール及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1、2又は3に記載の組成物。
- アンサマイシンが、リファキシミン、リファンピシン、リファブチン、リファペンチン及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 消化管運動促進剤が、テガセロッド、ドンペリドン、メトクロプラミド、モサプリド、エリスロマイシン及びそれらの混合物をからなる群から選択される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 5-アミノサリチル酸が、メサラジン、オルサラジン、バルサラジド及びそれらの混合物から選択される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 抗オピオイド遮断剤が、メチルナルトレキソン又は塩酸ナロキソンから選択される、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- バンコマイシンとメトロニダゾールとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- バンコマイシンとリファキシミンとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- リファキシミンとプルカロプリドとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- リファキシミン、メトロニダゾール及びコルヒチンの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- バンコマイシン、メトロニダゾール及びコルヒチンの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- バンコマイシン、アミノグリコシド及びコルヒチンの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- リファマイシン、コルヒチン及びメトロニダゾールの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 消化管運動促進剤とのバンコマイシンの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- バンコマイシン、オルサラジン及びコルヒチンの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- バンコマイシンとメチルナルトレキソン又は塩酸ナロキソンとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 塩酸ナロキソン、バンコマイシン及びメトロニダゾールの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 塩酸ナロキソンとコルヒチンとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 塩酸ナロキソン、バンコマイシン及びリファキシミンの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 塩酸ナロキソンとリファキシミンとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
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