JP2013508213A - デュアルモードバッテリー - Google Patents
デュアルモードバッテリー Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013508213A JP2013508213A JP2012534682A JP2012534682A JP2013508213A JP 2013508213 A JP2013508213 A JP 2013508213A JP 2012534682 A JP2012534682 A JP 2012534682A JP 2012534682 A JP2012534682 A JP 2012534682A JP 2013508213 A JP2013508213 A JP 2013508213A
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- energy
- flywheel
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Abstract
【選択図】図4
Description
概説すると、化学バッテリーとともにフライホイール機械式バッテリーを使用して共通の負荷にエネルギーを供給する装置、方法および制御スキームが提供される。負荷は、例えばハイブリッド電気自動車に配置された電気モータであってもよい。しかしながら、任意の適切な負荷が、機械式フライホイールバッテリーと化学バッテリーとの組み合わせによって供給されるエネルギーをすることができる。
図1は、典型的な既存のフライホイール装置を示す。実質的に円形の中心金属支持区画1を、シャフト3などの中心支持部上へ軸方向に取り付けることができる。少なくとも一つの複合リング2が中心支持区画1に取り付けられる。図1に示すフライホイールでは、複合リング2は炭素繊維で編まれたフィラメントである。当業者には既知であり上述したように、図1に示すようなフライホイール装置を機械式バッテリーとして使用して、例えば動力車内で使用する運動エネルギーを貯蔵することができる。
図2は、車両内のフライホイールにエネルギーを提供して貯蔵する実現可能な構成を示す。システム10は、真空14内に好ましくは配置されるフライホイール12を備える。これは、空気抵抗により生じる摩擦を取り除くことでフライホイール10の動作を最適化するためである。真空14の外側には、フライホイール12と接続されるクラッチ16がある。採用されるクラッチ16は、任意の適切な種類の単純なクラッチであってよく、磁気クラッチであってもよい。
上述の態様の一実施形態によると、フライホイール12をターボチャージャーのウェイストゲートループ内に配置することができる。当業者には周知であるように、ターボチャージャーは、車両またはエンジン内の排気ガス流内に配置される受動装置であり、その目的は、排気ガスエネルギーを圧縮機へと向けてその中の圧力を増加させることである。しかしながら、タービン自身を通る質量流が多すぎる場合、エンジンの排気マニホールド圧力を最適レベルよりも増大させる背圧を作り出し、エンジンの効率を低下させる。これを回避するために、ターボチャージャーは、余分なガスを放出するためのウェイストゲートを有しており、異なるシステム運転ポイントにおけるエンジンブースト圧力と排気マニホールド圧力の両方を最適化するのに役立つ。
ターボチャージャーとともに使用可能であるとともに、車両用のスーパーチャージャー装置を駆動するために本実施形態に係るフライホイールを使用してもよい。簡潔に上述したように、既知のスーパーチャージャー装置はエンジン動力を用いて作動し、スーパーチャージャーの圧縮機を駆動して車両内のチャージ圧力をブーストする。エンジン動力をこのように直接使用することで寄生損失が発生し、ゆえに運転中の車両のポテンシャル効率を低下させる。
図4は、本出願の別の態様に係る、別のフライホイールを使用した実現可能な配置を示す。従来のプラグイン化学バッテリーシステムと並列に機械式フライホイールエネルギー貯蔵を用いる構成が示されている。例えば回生制動エネルギーの回収を扱うために、化学バッテリー42を用いて実行されるこの機能の代わりに、フライホイールを備える機械式バッテリー40を使用することができる。上述したように、ハイブリッド車または機械について、通常の車両使用状況で回生制動および回収を行うには、高電力および高周波数サイクルのバッテリーシステム充電レベルが必要になる傾向がある。このような高い周波数サイクルは、化学バッテリーに重大な悪影響を及ぼし、バッテリーの状態を悪化させシステム全体の寿命を制限する可能性がある。
さらに別の態様によると、本実施形態に係るフライホイールを使用して、自動制御式マニュアル変速機車でのギアシフトイベントにより生じる「トルク断続」中に、車両の出力ドライブライントルクを「補充(fill-in)」することができる。以下の説明から理解されるように、補充配置および関連する制御方法が、ギアシフトイベント中の変速機出力をフライホイールエネルギーを用いて駆動または制動し、ユーザのトルク断続感覚を少なくとも低減しまたは潜在的に排除することによって、一部のユーザにとっては問題となりうる「トルク断続」の感覚に対処する。
上述のフライホイール態様について、バリエータの種類およびデバイス配置または構成の選択は、本明細書で具体的に説明または図解したものに限られない。代わりに、特定の車両、エンジン、機械または他の装置について満足すべき要件にしたがって、任意の適切なデバイスの選択および配置を実現することができる。
本明細書で説明したフライホイール態様は、相互排他的ではなく、車両、機械または他の装置において任意に適切に組み合わせて実装できることが認められるだろう。例えば、エンジン配置は、スーパーチャージャーの駆動、化学バッテリーの充電、および車両の発進または停止イベント中にメイン動力源によって提供されるエネルギーに加えて補助的なエネルギーを供給または回収することのいずれかまたは全てを目的として使用される比較的小型のフライホイールを備えてもよい。同様のエンジン構成は、車輪のダイレクトドライブおよび/またはハイブリッド駆動で使用する比較的大型のフライホイールを含んでもよい。
Claims (20)
- フライホイールを含む機械式バッテリー(40)を備え、化学バッテリー(42)をさらに備えるバッテリー装置であって、
前記機械式バッテリー(40)と化学バッテリー(42)が使用時に共通の負荷にエネルギーを供給するように構成されることを特徴とするバッテリー装置。 - 前記機械式バッテリー(40)が前記化学バッテリー(42)と並列に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバッテリー装置。
- 前記機械式バッテリー(40)が前記化学バッテリー(42)および車両変速機と直列に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバッテリー装置。
- 前記バッテリー装置におけるエネルギーの流れを制御するコントローラ(44)をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載のバッテリー装置。
- 前記機械式バッテリー(40)と化学バッテリー(42)が、前記共通の負荷を備えるシステムの運転から回収されたエネルギーを用いて再充電可能であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載のバッテリー装置。
- 前記機械式バッテリー(40)と化学バッテリー(42)が互いを再充電可能であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載のバッテリー装置。
- 前記機械式バッテリー(40)と化学バッテリー(42)がエネルギーを供給する前記共通の負荷が電気機械(46)であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のバッテリー装置。
- 前記電気機械が、航続距離延長型電気自動車(REEV)を含む電気自動車(EV)、および並列ハイブリッド電気自動車またはプラグインハイブリッド電気自動車を含むハイブリッド電気自動車(HEV)のいずれかに含まれることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のバッテリー装置。
- 請求項1ないし8のいずれかに記載のバッテリー装置を含む車両、エンジンまたは機械。
- 負荷を有するシステムにエネルギーを供給する方法であって、
フライホイールを含む機械式バッテリー(40)と化学バッテリー(42)とを備えるバッテリー装置を使用して、前記システムにエネルギーを供給することを含み、
供給される化学バッテリーのエネルギーと機械式バッテリーのエネルギーの組み合わせが瞬間的な運転条件にしたがって選択されることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記システムの運転から回収したエネルギーを使用して、前記機械式バッテリー(40)および前記化学バッテリー(42)の少なくとも一方を再充電するステップをさらに含む請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記機械式バッテリー(40)を用いて前記化学バッテリー(42)を再充電するステップ、またはその逆のステップをさらに含む請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- 前記瞬間的な運転条件が、システムの負荷の大きさ、相対的または絶対的なバッテリー充電、相対的または絶対的なバッテリーの容量、必要なエネルギー供給速度、必要なエネルギー供給量、および必要なエネルギータイプのいずれかを含むことを特徴とする請求項10ないし12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- バッテリー装置(40、42)と負荷を含むシステム内のエネルギーの流れを制御する方法であって、
前記バッテリー装置は、フライホイールを含む機械式バッテリー(40)と化学バッテリー(42)とを備え、
瞬間的な運転条件にしたがって、前記負荷から前記バッテリー装置にエネルギーを流入させるべきか、または前記バッテリー装置から前記負荷へとエネルギーを流出させるべきかを検討し、
その後、前記瞬間的な運転条件にしたがって、前記機械式バッテリー(40)と前記化学バッテリー(42)の最適な組み合わせを再充電するか最適な組み合わせからエネルギーを引き出すことをさらに含む方法。 - 機械式バッテリーと化学バッテリーの運転の最適な組み合わせの選択が、前記機械式バッテリー(40)内のフライホイールの瞬間的な蓄勢状態および/または前記化学バッテリー(40)の瞬間的な充電状態を検討することを含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 機械式バッテリーと化学バッテリーの運転の最適な組み合わせの選択が、前記負荷の瞬間的な所要動力を検討することを含む、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 機械式バッテリーと化学バッテリーの運転の最適な組み合わせの選択が、前記システム内での瞬間的なエネルギーサイクル速度を検討することを含む、請求項14ないし16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記システムの運転中に、前記機械式バッテリーおよび/または前記化学バッテリーにおける最小充電レベルを維持するステップをさらに含む、請求項14ないし17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- システム運転期間の最後に、前記機械式バッテリーからエネルギーを引き出して貯蔵のために前記化学バッテリーに流すことをさらに含む、請求項14ないし18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 本明細書で実質的に説明され、または添付の図面で実質的に図解された装置、方法または制御スキーム。
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WO2011048133A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
KR20130132687A (ko) | 2013-12-05 |
CN102686431A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
EP2490910A1 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
GB0918384D0 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
US20120262105A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
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