JP2013244784A - Vehicle air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact and energy-saving vehicle air conditioner that has a simple structure and can be installed even in a narrow space.SOLUTION: A vehicle air conditioner 100 includes an air conditioning part 1 containing a compressor 2, an outdoor blower 3, an outdoor heat exchanger 4, an expansion valve 5, an indoor blower 6 and an indoor heat exchanger 7, an outside air flow path 11 for leading outside air 22 to an upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and a ventilation part 8 containing a ventilation blower 9 for taking vehicle inside air 21, wherein the air conditioning part 1 and ventilation part 8 are connected by a ventilation flow path 10 for leading the vehicle inside air 21 taken by the ventilation blower 9 to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger 4.

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner.

Due to the growing environmental awareness, the air conditioning system for vehicles is also required to reduce power consumption, but the energy saving in each component device that makes up the air conditioning system is reaching its limit. It is necessary to consider energy saving.
Some railcars are provided with a ventilation device in addition to the air conditioning device. In order to maintain the cleanliness of the air inside the vehicle (hereinafter referred to as “inside air”), the ventilator generally exhausts the air inside the vehicle to the outside and calls the outdoor air (hereinafter referred to as “outdoor air” or “outside air”). ) In the car.
Therefore, the use of a ventilator when the interior of the vehicle is being cooled is a problem that the air conditioning load increases because air that is hotter than the air inside the vehicle is taken into the vehicle and air that is cold is discharged outside the vehicle. have.

  For this reason, as an example of a conventional air conditioner that effectively utilizes the vehicle interior air (having cold energy) exhausted in this way, a “heat for ventilation” is provided between the condenser for performing the refrigeration cycle and the pressure reducing means. An “exchanger” is arranged, and exhaust heat recovery (same as cold recovery) is performed by heat exchange that transfers the cold heat of the exhaust air from the vehicle (same as air in the vehicle) to the refrigerant that executes the refrigeration cycle. An air conditioner (hereinafter referred to as “exhaust heat recovery type air conditioner”) is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

JP 2010-83223 A (page 4-5, FIG. 1)

In the exhaust heat recovery type air conditioner described in Patent Document 1, a ventilation heat exchanger is installed between a condenser for performing a refrigeration cycle and a decompression unit, and a high-temperature refrigerant and a low-temperature interior air are provided. And heat exchange with the intake air (same as the sucked outside air).
However, in the exhaust heat recovery type air conditioner, since it is necessary to install one or more heat exchangers for ventilation, it is necessary to secure a space for installing the heat exchanger for ventilation. In addition to being against the request, there was a problem that the degree of freedom in installation on the vehicle was limited.
Moreover, since it is necessary to purchase one or more heat exchangers for ventilation, there was a problem that the initial cost of the whole apparatus became high.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and has a simple structure and is compact so that it can be installed in a narrow space. The vehicle air can promote energy saving. The object is to obtain a harmony device.

  A vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention includes a compressor for performing a refrigeration cycle, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, an indoor heat exchanger, a refrigerant circuit that sequentially connects these, and air to the outdoor heat exchanger. An air conditioner including an outdoor fan to be supplied and an indoor fan to supply air to the indoor heat exchanger, an outdoor air flow path for guiding outdoor air to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger, and vehicle interior air. A ventilation section having a ventilation fan to be taken in, and the air conditioning section and the ventilation section are connected by a ventilation channel that guides the in-vehicle air taken in by the ventilation fan to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger. It is characterized by.

  According to the present invention, in the vehicle to be ventilated, the exhaust passage is configured so as to blow the exhausted interior air to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioning unit. Because the mixed air, which is a mixture of outside air and relatively cool interior air, is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant exchanges heat (receives cold) with the mixed air at a lower temperature than the outside air. , Thermal efficiency can be improved and energy saving can be promoted. In addition, when the room is heated, since the mixed air, which is a mixture of relatively low temperature outside air and relatively high temperature vehicle interior air, is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant is mixed with the mixed air having a temperature higher than that of the outside air. Since heat is exchanged (receives heat), the heat efficiency is improved and energy saving can be promoted. Furthermore, unlike the conventional exhaust heat recovery type air conditioner (see Patent Document 1), there is no need to add an additional element (device) such as a heat exchanger for ventilation, so the air conditioner can be made simple and compact. can do.

The block diagram which shows the structure explaining the air conditioning apparatus for vehicles which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. The side view which shows the mounting mode to the vehicle of the air conditioning apparatus for vehicles shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows the structure of the air conditioning apparatus for vehicles which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. The block diagram which shows typically the operation | movement in the air conditioning apparatus for vehicles shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows the structure of the air conditioning apparatus for vehicles which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. The block diagram which shows the structure of the air conditioning apparatus for vehicles which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. The block diagram which shows the structure of the air conditioning apparatus for vehicles which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.

[Embodiment 1]
1 and 2 illustrate a vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing the configuration, and FIG. 2 is a configuration of mounting on a vehicle. It is a side view showing typically. Hereinafter, a vehicle air conditioner 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
In FIG. 1, a vehicle air conditioner 100 functions as an air conditioner and a ventilator, and includes a compressor 2, an outdoor heat exchanger 4, an expansion valve 5, and an indoor heat exchange for executing a refrigeration cycle. And a refrigerant circuit (not shown) for sequentially connecting them, an outdoor fan 3 for supplying air to the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and an indoor fan 6 for supplying air to the indoor heat exchanger 7. An air conditioning unit 1 is provided.
The air conditioner 1 is provided with an outside air flow path 11 for guiding the outside air 22 to the upstream side (suction side) of the outdoor blower 3.
Moreover, it has the ventilation part 8 which comprises the ventilation fan 9 which takes in the in-vehicle air 21, and the air conditioning part 1 and the ventilation part 8 are the upstream side (suction side) of the in-vehicle air 21 taken in by the ventilation fan 9 in the outdoor fan 3. Are connected by a ventilation channel 10 leading to

As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle air conditioner 100 first guides a relatively low-temperature vehicle air 21 taken in by the ventilation fan 9 to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 via the ventilation channel 10. On the other hand, the relatively high temperature outside air 22 is guided to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 via the outside air flow path 11.
Then, the interior air 21 and the outside air 22 are mixed upstream of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 (hereinafter, the mixed air is referred to as “mixed air”), and the mixed air passes through the refrigeration cycle in the outdoor heat exchanger 4. After passing the cold heat to the running refrigerant, it is discharged (exhausted) outside the room.

That is, during the cooling operation, the vehicle interior air 21 is usually at a lower temperature than the outside air 22, so the temperature of the mixed air is lower than the outside air. Since the refrigerant condenses and dissipates heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 4 (receives cold heat or releases warm heat), the lower the temperature of the air that exchanges heat with the refrigerant executing the refrigeration cycle, More cold energy can be received (releasing the heat).
Then, since the vehicle air conditioner 100 supplies mixed air having a temperature lower than that of the outside air 22 to the outdoor heat exchanger 4, a larger amount than when only the outside air 22 is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 4. The efficiency of performing the refrigeration cycle is improved because it receives cold (releases hot).

In addition, although the above is demonstrated at the time of air_conditionaing | cooling operation, this invention is not limited to this, Change the flow of a refrigerant | coolant, and use the indoor heat exchanger 7 as a condenser which discharge | releases the heat which a refrigerant | coolant has. By being functioned and functioning as an evaporator that releases the cold heat of the refrigerant, the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is effective even during heating operation (this will be described in Embodiment 5).
That is, since the vehicle air conditioner 100 supplies mixed air having a temperature higher than that of the outside air 22 to the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the vehicle air conditioner 100 has a larger amount than when only the outside air 22 is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 4. Since the heat is received (the cold is released), the efficiency of executing the refrigeration cycle is improved.

  As described above, the vehicle air conditioner 100 can convert the vehicle interior air 21 to the outdoor heat exchanger without adding a new device (means) such as a ventilation heat exchanger (see Patent Document 1). The simple structure of installing the ventilation flow path 10 for leading to 4 makes it possible to reduce the size and improve the efficiency by executing the refrigeration cycle, thereby promoting energy saving.

Next, based on FIG. 2, the mounting form in the vehicle 90 of the vehicle air conditioner 100 is demonstrated.
2A, both the air conditioning unit 1 and the ventilation unit 8 constituting the vehicle air conditioning device 100 are mounted on the opposite side of the interior 92 of the ceiling 91 of the vehicle 90 (corresponding to the roof). ing.
In FIG. 2B, both the air conditioning unit 1 and the ventilation unit 8 constituting the vehicle air conditioning device 100 are mounted on the under floor 93 of the vehicle 90.
In FIG. 2C, the indoor heat exchanger 7 and the indoor blower 6 constituting the air conditioning unit 1 are housed in a predetermined housing as the indoor unit 13, and the air conditioner excluding the indoor heat exchanger 7 and the indoor blower 6 is accommodated. The structural member of the section 1 and the ventilation section 8 are used as the outdoor unit 14, the indoor unit 13 is mounted on the interior 92 side of the ceiling 91, and the outdoor unit 14 is mounted on the floor 93.
In FIG. 2D, the indoor unit 13 is mounted on the vehicle interior 92 side of the ceiling 91, and the outdoor unit 14 is mounted on the opposite side of the vehicle interior 92 of the ceiling 91 (corresponding to the roof).
Note that the mounting positions of the air conditioning unit 1 and the ventilation unit 8 constituting the vehicle air conditioning apparatus 100 on the vehicle 90 are not limited to these examples, and are mounted appropriately for the requirements on the vehicle 90 side. Preferably the position is determined. The vehicle 90 is not limited to a railway vehicle such as a train, but includes a road vehicle such as a bus, and a ship (replaces the living room or the steering room with the interior 92).

[Embodiment 2]
3 and 4 illustrate a vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram schematically showing the configuration, and FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). ) Is a block diagram schematically showing the operation. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which is the same as that of Embodiment 1, or an equivalent part, and one part description is abbreviate | omitted.
In FIG. 3, in the vehicle air conditioner 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, the ventilation channel 10 is connected to a branch channel 10 a that communicates with the outside (not shown), and the ventilation fan 9. The air flow rate adjusting device 12 is installed to adjust the amount of the air 21 in the vehicle that is discharged outside the room via the branch channel 10a.
That is, the vehicle air conditioner 200 is different from the vehicle air conditioner 100 of the first embodiment that supplies the entire amount of the in-vehicle air 21 to the outdoor heat exchanger 4 in that the air flow rate adjusting device 12 is installed. However, both are the same except for this.

In FIG. 4A, the temperature of the outside air 22 (hereinafter referred to as “outside air temperature”) and the temperature of the inside air 21 (hereinafter referred to as “inside air temperature”) are measured by the outside air temperature sensor 16 and the inside air temperature sensor 17. When the outside air temperature is higher than the in-vehicle air temperature during cooling operation, or when the outside air temperature is lower than the in-vehicle air temperature during heating operation, the branch flow path 10a is closed by the air flow rate adjusting device 12, and the inside air 21 Is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 4.
In FIG. 4B, when the vehicle interior air temperature is higher than the outside air temperature during the cooling operation, or when the vehicle interior air temperature is lower than the outside air temperature during the heating operation, the air flow rate adjusting device 12 causes the ventilation flow path 10 to be changed. The vehicle is closed, and the entire amount of the in-vehicle air 21 is discharged directly to the outside of the vehicle through the branch channel 10a, so that only the outside air 22 can be supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 4.
Therefore, the air conditioning apparatus 200 for vehicles can adjust the amount mixed with the mixed air of the in-vehicle air 21 as needed by the air flow rate adjusting device 12. For this reason, for example, when the temperature of the in-vehicle air 21 is higher than the temperature of the outside air 22, the entire amount of the in-vehicle air 21 is directly discharged to the outside so that only the outside air 22 is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 4. It becomes possible to do. If the entire amount of the in-vehicle air 21 is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the same effect as that of the vehicle air conditioner 100 of the first embodiment can be obtained.

[Embodiment 3]
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing the configuration of the vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which is the same as that of Embodiment 1, or an equivalent part, and one part description is abbreviate | omitted.
In FIG. 5, in the vehicle air conditioner 300 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, the ventilation unit 8 is built in the air conditioning unit 1. That is, the difference is that the ventilation unit 8 in the vehicle air conditioner 100 of the first embodiment is moved into the air conditioning unit 1, and both are the same except for this.
That is, since the vehicle air conditioner 300 only needs to install the ventilation flow path 10 in the air conditioner 1, it is possible to promote energy saving with a compact structure that can be installed even in a narrow space.

[Embodiment 4]
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram schematically showing the configuration of the vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which is the same as that of Embodiment 2, or an equivalent part, and one part description is abbreviate | omitted.
In FIG. 6, in the vehicle air conditioner 400 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, the ventilation unit 8 is built in the air conditioning unit 1. That is, the difference is that the ventilation unit 8 in the vehicle air conditioning apparatus 200 of the second embodiment is moved into the air conditioning unit 1, and the two are the same except for this.
That is, since the vehicle air conditioner 400 only needs to install the ventilation flow path 10 in the air conditioner 1, it is possible to promote energy saving with a compact structure that can be installed even in a narrow space.

[Embodiment 5]
FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram schematically showing the configuration of a vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, where (a) shows a cooling operation and (b) shows a heating operation. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which is the same as that of Embodiment 1, or an equivalent part, and one part description is abbreviate | omitted.
7 (a) and 7 (b), the vehicle air conditioner 500 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention is the same as that in which the refrigerant circuit switching device 15 is installed in the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100. It is.
During the cooling operation shown in FIG. 7A, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is supplied directly to the outdoor heat exchanger 4 by the refrigerant circuit switching device 15 and passes through the expansion valve 5 (low temperature). Is flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 7. Therefore, the outdoor heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator that releases the cold heat of the refrigerant.
During the heating operation shown in FIG. 7B, the refrigerant (high temperature) discharged from the compressor 2 first flows into the indoor heat exchanger 7. Therefore, the indoor heat exchanger 7 functions as a condenser that releases the warm heat of the refrigerant.
That is, the vehicle air conditioner 500 functions effectively not only during the cooling operation but also during the heating operation, and the efficiency of executing the refrigeration cycle is improved.
The refrigerant circuit switching device 15 can also be installed in the refrigerant circuit in the vehicle air conditioners 200 to 400 described in the second to fourth embodiments. With this installation, not only during the cooling operation but also in the heating operation. Even at times, the efficiency of executing the refrigeration cycle can be improved.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air conditioning part, 2 compressor, 3 outdoor air blower, 4 outdoor heat exchanger, 5 expansion valve, 6 indoor air blower, 7 indoor heat exchanger, 8 ventilation part, 9 ventilation air blower, 10 ventilation flow path, 10a branch flow path , 11 Outside air flow path, 12 Air flow rate adjustment device, 13 Indoor unit, 14 Outdoor unit, 15 Refrigerant circuit switching device, 16 Outside air temperature sensor, 17 Inside air temperature sensor, 21 Inside air, 22 Outside air, 90 Vehicle, 91 Ceiling, 92 Car interior, 93 Under floor, 100 Air conditioner for vehicle (Embodiment 1), 200 Air conditioner for vehicle (Embodiment 2), 300 Air conditioner for vehicle (Embodiment 3), 400 Air conditioner for vehicle Device (Embodiment 4), 500 Air conditioning apparatus for vehicle (Embodiment 5).

Claims (4)

Compressor for executing refrigeration cycle, outdoor heat exchanger, expansion valve, indoor heat exchanger, refrigerant circuit sequentially connecting them, outdoor blower for supplying air to the outdoor heat exchanger, and indoor heat exchange An air conditioner comprising an indoor fan for supplying air to the chamber;
An outside air flow path for guiding outside air to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger;
A ventilation section having a ventilation fan for taking in the air in the vehicle,
The vehicle air conditioner is characterized in that the air conditioner and the ventilator are connected by a ventilation channel that guides the air inside the vehicle taken in by the ventilation fan to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger. Compressor for executing refrigeration cycle, outdoor heat exchanger, expansion valve, indoor heat exchanger, refrigerant circuit sequentially connecting them, outdoor blower for supplying air to the outdoor heat exchanger, and indoor heat exchange An air conditioner comprising: an indoor fan for supplying air to the chamber; and a ventilation fan for taking in air in the vehicle;
An outside air flow path for guiding outside air to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger;
A ventilation flow path for guiding the in-vehicle air taken in by the ventilation blower to the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger;
A vehicle air conditioner characterized by comprising:   The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the interior air and the outside air are mixed on the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger. A branch flow path communicating with the outside is connected to the ventilation flow path,
4. The air flow rate adjusting device according to claim 1, further comprising: an air flow rate adjusting device configured to adjust an amount of air inside the vehicle sent by the ventilation blower to be discharged outside the room through the branch flow path. 5. The vehicle air conditioner according to Item.

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