JP2013221184A - Temperature elevation method of charged material and residue at blast furnace bottom - Google Patents

Temperature elevation method of charged material and residue at blast furnace bottom Download PDF

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JP2013221184A
JP2013221184A JP2012093943A JP2012093943A JP2013221184A JP 2013221184 A JP2013221184 A JP 2013221184A JP 2012093943 A JP2012093943 A JP 2012093943A JP 2012093943 A JP2012093943 A JP 2012093943A JP 2013221184 A JP2013221184 A JP 2013221184A
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blast furnace
gas
furnace
oxygen
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JP5835076B2 (en
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Yoshiyu Nishikawa
良諭 西河
Takashi Kumaoka
尚 熊岡
Aiichiro Sakamoto
愛一郎 坂本
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To appropriately select a combustible gas and oxygen blown in from a tap hole, to efficiently heat a charged material and residue at a furnace bottom, and to shorten the time of starting a blast furnace.SOLUTION: In a method of heating a charged material and residue existing in a low temperature state or a coagulated state at a blast furnace bottom by blowing one or two of a combustible gas and oxygen from a tap hole and raising a temperature, (a) an in-furnace gas is sampled from a tuyere and a COconcentration is measured, and (b) a blowing gas is switched to either of (b1) the combustible gas and the oxygen or (b2) only the oxygen and blown according to the COconcentration.

Description

本発明は、高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物を加熱して昇温する方法、特に、高炉の建設・改修立上げや、長時間の休風後、又は、バンキング・炉例トラブル等の長時間の操業停止後、高炉を立上げるとき、高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物を加熱して昇温する方法に関する。   The present invention is a method of heating and charging the charge and residue at the bottom of the blast furnace, especially after construction / renovation of the blast furnace, after a long wind break, or banking / furnace example troubles, etc. The present invention relates to a method for heating the blast furnace bottom charge and residue to raise the temperature when the blast furnace is started up after a long-time operation stop.

火入れ高炉や、長時間休風した高炉、又は、バンキング及び炉冷トラブル等で長時間操業を停止した高炉においては、炉底部の装入物及び残留物が、低温状態又は凝固状態にある。この状態から高炉を立ち上げ、通常の操業状態に戻すためには、炉底部の装入物及び残留物を加熱して昇温しなければならない。   In a blast furnace that has been shut down for a long time, or a blast furnace that has been stopped for a long time due to banking or furnace cooling problems, the charge and residue at the bottom of the furnace are in a low temperature state or a solidified state. In order to start up the blast furnace from this state and return it to the normal operation state, it is necessary to raise the temperature by heating the charge and the residue at the bottom of the furnace.

通常、コークスや微粉炭などの燃料の燃焼や、炉下部から滴下する銑鉄により、炉底部の装入物及び残留物は加熱される。しかし、この方法は、炉内の熱レベルを徐々に上げていく方法であるので、炉内が所要の熱レベルに達し、所要の生産量に到達するまでには、多量のコークス（エネルギー）と時間を必要とする。   Usually, the charge and residue at the bottom of the furnace are heated by combustion of fuel such as coke or pulverized coal, or pig iron dripping from the bottom of the furnace. However, since this method gradually raises the heat level in the furnace, a large amount of coke (energy) is required before the furnace reaches the required heat level and reaches the required production volume. Need time.

特許文献１には、大型高炉の長期休風後の立ち上げを容易にするため、休風時に、炉芯にむけ通気孔を開け、羽口熱風を炉芯に供給する方法が開示されている。しかし、この方法では、羽口〜出銑口間の昇温効率は低く、多量の羽口熱風を必要とするので、エネルギー効率が非常に悪い。   Patent Document 1 discloses a method for opening a vent hole in a furnace core and supplying hot tuyere to the furnace core at the time of a wind break in order to facilitate start-up of the large blast furnace after long-term wind break. . However, in this method, the temperature raising efficiency between the tuyere and the tap is low, and a large amount of tuyere hot air is required, so the energy efficiency is very poor.

特開平０３−２６０００４号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-260004

本発明は、高炉立ち上げの上記実情に鑑み、羽口より下部の炉底部の装入物及び残留物の加熱を効率良く行い、高炉立ち上げに要する時間を短縮することを課題とし、該課題を解決する方法を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above circumstances of blast furnace startup, the present invention aims to efficiently heat the charge and residue at the bottom of the furnace below the tuyere and shorten the time required for blast furnace startup. It aims at providing the method of solving.

本発明者らは、上記課題を解決する手法について鋭意検討した。その結果、本発明者らは、次の知見を見いだした。   The present inventors diligently studied a method for solving the above problems. As a result, the present inventors have found the following knowledge.

可燃性ガス（炭化水素ガス）の燃焼には、炭素の一次燃焼（生成物：ＣＯ）と二次燃焼（生成物：ＣＯ2）がある。二次燃焼で生成する燃焼ガスの温度は、ブタンの場合、約２８００℃であるのに対し、一次燃焼で生成する燃焼ガスの温度は約１１５０℃である。それ故、一次燃焼が支配的な燃焼状態では、燃焼による炉底部昇温効果は小さい。 Combustion of combustible gas (hydrocarbon gas) includes primary combustion of carbon (product: CO) and secondary combustion (product: CO 2 ). In the case of butane, the temperature of the combustion gas generated in the secondary combustion is about 2800 ° C., whereas the temperature of the combustion gas generated in the primary combustion is about 1150 ° C. Therefore, in the combustion state where primary combustion is dominant, the furnace bottom temperature rising effect by combustion is small.

一般に、コークスが赤熱している状態下（約８００℃以上）では、可燃性ガスの一次燃焼が支配的に起こる。それ故、この燃焼状態で、さらに可燃性ガスを燃焼させても、燃焼による昇温効果を享受し難く、時間・燃料の浪費につながる。   Generally, when the coke is red hot (about 800 ° C. or higher), primary combustion of the combustible gas occurs predominantly. Therefore, even if combustible gas is further burned in this combustion state, it is difficult to enjoy the temperature rise effect due to combustion, leading to wasted time and fuel.

この場合、可燃性ガスと酸素を同時に吹き込んで燃焼させるよりも、酸素を単独で吹き込んで、コークスを燃焼させるほうが、昇温効果の点で有利である。つまり、炉内のコークスの状態に応じて、吹き込みガスを変えれば、効率良く炉底部を加熱して昇温することができる。   In this case, it is more advantageous in terms of the temperature rise effect to burn the coke by blowing oxygen alone than to burn the combustible gas and oxygen simultaneously. That is, if the blowing gas is changed according to the state of coke in the furnace, the temperature can be raised by efficiently heating the bottom of the furnace.

本発明は、上記知見に基づいてなされたもので、その要旨は以下のとおりである。   This invention was made | formed based on the said knowledge, and the summary is as follows.

（１）高炉炉底部に低温状態又は凝固状態で存在する装入物及び残留物を、出銑口から可燃性ガス及び酸素の１種又は２種を吹き込んで加熱して昇温する方法において、
（ａ）羽口より炉内ガスを採取して、ＣＯ2濃度を測定し、
（ｂ）ＣＯ2濃度応じて、吹込みガスを、(b1)可燃性ガスと酸素、又は、(b2)酸素のみのいずれかに切り替えて吹き込む
ことを特徴とする高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の昇温方法。 (1) In the method of heating the charge and residue present in the bottom of the blast furnace in a low temperature state or in a solidified state by blowing one or two kinds of combustible gas and oxygen from the outlet and heating them.
(A) Collect the gas in the furnace from the tuyere and measure the CO 2 concentration.
(B) Depending on the CO 2 concentration, the charge at the bottom of the blast furnace, wherein the blown gas is blown by switching to either (b1) combustible gas and oxygen or (b2) only oxygen, and Method of raising the temperature of the residue.

（２）前記ＣＯ2濃度に応じて炉底部コークスの状態を推測し、可燃性ガス及び／又は酸素の吹込み量を調整することを特徴とする前記（１）に記載の高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の昇温方法。 (2) Estimating the state of coke at the bottom of the furnace according to the CO 2 concentration, and adjusting the amount of flammable gas and / or oxygen blown in, so Method of raising the temperature of incoming and residual materials.

（３）前記高炉炉底部が、火入れ高炉の炉底部であることを特徴とする前記（１）又は（２）に記載の高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の昇温方法。   (3) The method for raising the charge and residue of the blast furnace bottom according to (1) or (2), wherein the blast furnace bottom is a bottom of a blast furnace blast furnace.

（４）前記高炉炉底部が、長時間休風した高炉、又は、長時間操業を停めた高炉の炉底部であることを特徴とする前記（１）又は（２）に記載の高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の昇温方法。   (4) The blast furnace bottom portion according to (1) or (2), wherein the blast furnace bottom portion is a blast furnace that has been closed for a long time or a blast furnace bottom portion that has been stopped for a long time. Method for raising the temperature of the charge and residue.

本発明によれば、高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の加熱を効率良く行い、高炉立ち上げに要する時間を短縮することができる。   According to the present invention, the charge and residue at the bottom of the blast furnace furnace can be efficiently heated, and the time required for starting up the blast furnace can be shortened.

ＣＯ2濃度測定−吹込みガス切替えの仕組みを模式的に示す図である。CO 2 concentration measurement - the blow gas switching mechanism is a diagram schematically illustrating. 高炉炉底部へのガス吹込み態様を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas blowing aspect to a blast furnace bottom part.

本発明は、高炉炉底部に低温状態又は凝固状態で存在する装入物及び残留物を、出銑口から可燃性ガス及び酸素の１種又は２種を吹き込んで加熱して昇温する方法において、
（ａ）羽口より炉内ガスを採取して、ＣＯ2濃度を測定し、
（ｂ）ＣＯ2濃度応じて、吹込みガスを、(b1)可燃性ガスと酸素、又は、(b2)酸素のみのいずれかに切り替えて吹き込む
ことを特徴とする。 The present invention relates to a method of heating a charge and a residue existing in a low temperature state or a solidified state at the bottom of a blast furnace furnace by blowing one or two kinds of flammable gas and oxygen from a tap outlet and heating them. ,
(A) Collect the gas in the furnace from the tuyere and measure the CO 2 concentration.
(B) According to the CO 2 concentration, the blowing gas is switched to either (b1) combustible gas and oxygen, or (b2) oxygen alone.

即ち、本発明においては、出銑口から吹込みランスを挿入し、可燃性ガスと酸素を同時に吹き込んで燃焼させ、炉底部を直接加熱するが、羽口から炉内ガスを採取して、ＣＯ2濃度を測定し、ＣＯ2濃度に応じて、吹き込みガスを“可燃性ガスと酸素”又は“酸素のみ”のいずれかに切り替える。 That is, in the present invention, a blowing lance is inserted from the outlet, and a combustible gas and oxygen are simultaneously blown and burned, and the furnace bottom is directly heated. 2. Measure the concentration and switch the blown gas to either “flammable gas and oxygen” or “oxygen only” depending on the CO 2 concentration.

図１に、ＣＯ2濃度測定−吹込みガス切替えの仕組みを模式的に示す。この仕組みは、基本的には、出銑口から可燃性ガス（Ｃ4Ｈ10［ブタン］）と酸素を吹き込む系と、羽口から炉内ガスを採取して分析する系を組み合せたものである。 FIG. 1 schematically shows the mechanism of CO 2 concentration measurement and blowing gas switching. This mechanism is basically a combination of a system that blows combustible gas (C 4 H 10 [butane]) and oxygen from the tap and a system that collects and analyzes furnace gas from the tuyere. is there.

高炉１の炉底部に、出銑口２から吹込みランス４を挿入し、可燃性ガス（Ｃ4Ｈ10）と酸素を吹き込み、可燃性ガス（Ｃ4Ｈ10）の燃焼熱と、炉底部に存在するコークスの燃焼熱で、炉内装入物及び炉内残留物を直接加熱して昇温する。 A blow lance 4 is inserted into the furnace bottom of the blast furnace 1 from the tap outlet 2 and a combustible gas (C 4 H 10 ) and oxygen are blown into it. The combustion heat of the combustible gas (C 4 H 10 ) and the bottom of the furnace The temperature inside the furnace interior and the residue in the furnace are directly heated by the combustion heat of the coke present in the furnace.

しかし、前述したように、コークスが赤熱している状態下（約８００℃以上）では、可燃性ガスの一次燃焼が支配的に起きるので、さらに可燃性ガスを吹き込んで燃焼させても、昇温効果は小さい。このような場合、可燃性ガスと酸素を同時に吹き込んで燃焼させるよりも、酸素を単独で吹き込んで、コークスを燃焼させたほうが、昇温効果の点で有利である。   However, as described above, primary combustion of the combustible gas occurs predominantly under the condition where the coke is red-hot (about 800 ° C. or higher). Therefore, even if the combustible gas is blown in and burned, the temperature rises. The effect is small. In such a case, it is more advantageous in terms of the temperature rise effect to burn the coke by blowing oxygen alone than to burn the combustible gas and oxygen simultaneously.

そこで、羽口３にガス採取管５を挿入して採取した炉内ガス（ＣＯ、ＣＯ2、Ｈ2）を分析して得たＣＯ2濃度に基づいて、炉底部におけるガス燃焼が、一次燃焼優位の燃焼か、二次燃焼優位の燃焼かを推定する。即ち、炉底部におけるコークスの状態（赤熱状態（８００℃以上）か否か）を推定する。 Therefore, based on the CO 2 concentration obtained by analyzing the gas in the furnace (CO, CO 2 , H 2 ) collected by inserting the gas sampling tube 5 into the tuyere 3, gas combustion at the bottom of the furnace is primary combustion. Estimate whether combustion is dominant or secondary combustion is dominant. That is, the state of coke at the furnace bottom (whether it is in a red hot state (800 ° C. or higher)) is estimated.

羽口３より採取した炉内ガス中に、ＣＯ2が検知された場合、可燃性ガスの燃焼は、二次燃焼が優位の燃焼と判断し、可燃性ガスと酸素の吹き込みを継続する。一方、炉内ガス中に、ＣＯ2が検知されない場合、可燃性ガスの燃焼は、一次燃焼が優位の燃焼と判断し、酸素のみを吹き込んで、コークスの燃焼に切り替える。このように、吹き込むガスを切り替えることにより、可燃性ガスの一次燃焼（無駄な燃焼）を抑制することができる。 When CO 2 is detected in the in-furnace gas collected from the tuyere 3, the combustion of the combustible gas is determined to be the combustion in which the secondary combustion is dominant, and the inflammable gas and oxygen are continuously blown. On the other hand, when CO 2 is not detected in the in-furnace gas, the combustion of the combustible gas is determined to be the combustion in which primary combustion is dominant, and only oxygen is blown to switch to the combustion of coke. Thus, the primary combustion (useless combustion) of combustible gas can be suppressed by switching the gas to blow.

次に、本発明の実施例について説明するが、実施例での条件は、本発明の実施可能性及び効果を確認するために採用した一条件例であり、本発明は、この一条件例に限定されるものではない。本発明は、本発明の要旨を逸脱せず、本発明の目的を達成する限りにおいて、種々の条件を採用し得るものである。   Next, examples of the present invention will be described. The conditions in the examples are one example of conditions used for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is based on this one example of conditions. It is not limited. The present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.

（実施例１）
出銑口に、吹込みランスを挿入し、最初、酸素のみを２００Ｎｍ3／ｈｒ吹き込んで、吹込みを開始した。その後、酸素を２００Ｎｍ3／ｈｒずつ増し、異常が発生しないことを確認した。図２に、高炉炉底部へのガス吹込み態様を示す。 Example 1
A blowing lance was inserted into the tap, and oxygen was first blown in at 200 Nm 3 / hr to start blowing. Thereafter, oxygen was increased by 200 Nm 3 / hr, and it was confirmed that no abnormality occurred. FIG. 2 shows a mode of gas injection into the bottom of the blast furnace furnace.

酸素の吹き込みを一旦停止し、初期段階のガス吹込みを終了し、第２段階で、ブタンガス（Ｃ4Ｈ10）と酸素を完全燃焼比率となる１：６．５の比率で吹き込んだ。最初は、ブタンガス（Ｃ4Ｈ10）を２０Ｎｍ3／ｈｒ（酸素１３０Ｎｍ3／ｈｒ）で吹き込み、５分／１ステップで、ブタンガス（Ｃ4Ｈ10）を２０Ｎｍ3／ｈｒ（酸素１３０Ｎｍ3／ｈｒ）ずつ増加し、３０分で吹込み量の上限まで増加した。 Oxygen blowing was temporarily stopped, the gas blowing in the initial stage was terminated, and in the second stage, butane gas (C 4 H 10 ) and oxygen were blown in a ratio of 1: 6.5 which was a complete combustion ratio. Initially, blowing with butane gas (C 4 H 10) and 20 Nm 3 / hr (oxygen 130 Nm 3 / hr), at 5 minutes / one step, butane gas and (C 4 H 10) 20Nm 3 / hr ( oxygen 130 Nm 3 / hr ) And increased up to the upper limit of the blowing amount in 30 minutes.

この間、羽口にガス採取管を挿入して採取した炉内ガス（ＣＯ、ＣＯ2、Ｈ2）を分析して、炉底部におけるガス燃焼が、一次燃焼優位の燃焼か、二次燃焼優位の燃焼かを推定した。 During this time, the gas in the furnace (CO, CO 2 , H 2 ) collected by inserting the gas sampling tube into the tuyere is analyzed, and the gas combustion at the bottom of the furnace is either primary combustion dominant combustion or secondary combustion dominant The combustion was estimated.

ＣＯ2が検出されなくなったこと、即ち、燃焼が、二次燃焼から一次燃焼に変化したことを確認した後、第３段階として、ブタンガス（Ｃ4Ｈ10）の吹込みを停止し、酸素のみを１０００Ｎｍ3／ｈｒ吹き込んだ。 After confirming that CO 2 was not detected, that is, the combustion changed from the secondary combustion to the primary combustion, as a third stage, the butane gas (C 4 H 10 ) injection was stopped and only oxygen was Was blown in at 1000 Nm 3 / hr.

このようにして、高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の加熱を効率良く行うことができた。   In this way, the charge and residue at the bottom of the blast furnace furnace could be efficiently heated.

前述したように、本発明によれば、高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の加熱を効率よく行い、高炉立ち上げに要する時間を短縮することができる。よって、本発明は、鉄鋼産業において利用可能性が高いものである。   As described above, according to the present invention, the charge and residue at the bottom of the blast furnace furnace can be efficiently heated, and the time required for starting up the blast furnace can be shortened. Therefore, the present invention has high applicability in the steel industry.

１ 高炉
２ 出銑口
３ 羽口
４ 吹込みランス
５ ガス採取管 1 Blast Furnace 2 Outlet 3 Tuyere 4 Blowing Lance 5 Gas Sampling Pipe

Claims (4)

高炉炉底部に低温状態又は凝固状態で存在する装入物及び残留物を、出銑口から可燃性ガス及び酸素の１種又は２種を吹き込んで加熱して昇温する方法において、
（ａ）羽口より炉内ガスを採取して、ＣＯ2濃度を測定し、
（ｂ）ＣＯ2濃度応じて、吹込みガスを、(b1)可燃性ガスと酸素、又は、(b2)酸素のみのいずれかに切り替えて吹き込む
ことを特徴とする高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の昇温方法。 In the method of heating the charge and residue present in the bottom of the blast furnace in a low temperature state or in a solidified state by blowing one or two kinds of combustible gas and oxygen from the outlet,
(A) Collect the gas in the furnace from the tuyere and measure the CO 2 concentration.
(B) Depending on the CO 2 concentration, the charge at the bottom of the blast furnace, wherein the blown gas is blown by switching to either (b1) combustible gas and oxygen or (b2) only oxygen, and Method of raising the temperature of the residue. 前記ＣＯ2濃度に応じて炉底部コークスの状態を推測し、可燃性ガス及び／又は酸素の吹込み量を調整することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の昇温方法。 The state of the coke at the bottom of the furnace is estimated according to the CO 2 concentration, and the amount of flammable gas and / or oxygen injection is adjusted, and the charge and residue at the bottom of the blast furnace according to claim 1 Method of heating up objects. 前記高炉炉底部が、火入れ高炉の炉底部であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の昇温方法。   3. The method for raising a charge and a residue in a blast furnace bottom according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom of the blast furnace is a bottom of a blast furnace. 前記高炉炉底部が、長時間休風した高炉、又は、長時間操業を停めた高炉の炉底部であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の高炉炉底部の装入物及び残留物の昇温方法。   The blast furnace bottom charge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blast furnace bottom is a blast furnace that has been closed for a long time or a blast furnace bottom that has been stopped for a long time. Temperature rising method.
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JP2016030833A (en) * 2014-07-25 2016-03-07 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Method for starting ventilation in blast furnace, and burner for hearth part temperature rising
JP2017061716A (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-30 新日鐵住金株式会社 Method for increasing temperature of charging material and residual material in furnace at blast furnace bottom
WO2021230027A1 (en) 2020-05-15 2021-11-18 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Blast furnace operation method
JP2021179004A (en) * 2020-05-15 2021-11-18 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Heating method of furnace bottom and method for restarting blast furnace
JP2021181613A (en) * 2020-05-15 2021-11-25 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Method for starting blast furnace after resting blowing
KR20220158103A (en) 2020-05-15 2022-11-29 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 How to operate a blast furnace

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016030833A (en) * 2014-07-25 2016-03-07 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Method for starting ventilation in blast furnace, and burner for hearth part temperature rising
JP2017061716A (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-30 新日鐵住金株式会社 Method for increasing temperature of charging material and residual material in furnace at blast furnace bottom
WO2021230027A1 (en) 2020-05-15 2021-11-18 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Blast furnace operation method
JP2021179004A (en) * 2020-05-15 2021-11-18 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Heating method of furnace bottom and method for restarting blast furnace
JP2021181613A (en) * 2020-05-15 2021-11-25 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Method for starting blast furnace after resting blowing
KR20220158103A (en) 2020-05-15 2022-11-29 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 How to operate a blast furnace
JP7243677B2 (en) 2020-05-15 2023-03-22 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Furnace bottom temperature raising method and blast furnace start-up method
JP7306421B2 (en) 2020-05-15 2023-07-11 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 How to start up a blast furnace

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