JP2013181319A - Settlement condition measuring method and reference pin for use in the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a settlement condition measuring method which enables an inclination of a building to be surely eliminated by accurately grasping settlement conditions of the building.SOLUTION: A settlement condition measuring method relating to the present invention, which is used to measure settlement conditions of a building, includes an installation step (S11) of preinstalling reference pins in a plurality of places flush with one another in the building, respectively, and a settlement measuring step (S13) of measuring the relative heights of the plurality of reference pins, after the settlement (S12) of the building.

Description

  The present invention relates to a settlement situation measuring method for measuring a settlement situation of a building.

  Conventionally, when land subsidence occurs due to the weight of the building or an earthquake, etc., and the building tilts, the building is lifted by underpinning, jack-up, chemical injection, etc., and the slope is repaired. Yes.

  For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 below disclose a method for repairing an inclined building in which the inclination is restored by pulling up a predetermined place of the inclined building. In Patent Documents 1 and 2, when measuring the state of settlement of a building before pulling it up, install a level on the pillar of the building or hang a thread with a weight on a predetermined point of the building Or measuring the inclination of the building.

JP 2004-332496 A JP-A-9-25642

  However, in the conventional method of measuring the inclination angle of a given location of a building, it is only possible to grasp the inclination status of each part of the building, and what amount of the building should be raised and how much should be raised It is difficult to grasp accurately. This makes it difficult to efficiently and reliably eliminate the inclination of the building.

  This invention is made in view of such a subject, and provides the settlement condition measuring method which can eliminate the inclination of a building reliably by grasping | ascertaining the settlement condition of a building correctly. For the purpose.

  The settlement condition measuring method according to the present invention for solving the above-described problem is a settlement condition measurement method for measuring the settlement condition of a building, wherein reference pins are respectively provided in advance at a plurality of locations at the same height of the building. An installation step of installing and a subsidence amount measuring step of measuring a relative height of the plurality of reference pins after the building sinks.

  In addition, the reference pin used in the method for measuring the settlement condition is formed by bending a flat plate.

  According to the settlement state measuring method according to the present invention, it is possible to reliably eliminate the inclination of the building by accurately grasping the settlement state of the building.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of a settlement condition measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a reference pin used in the settlement condition measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the foundation showing a place where the reference pin according to the embodiment of the present invention is installed. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the foundation showing the installation status of the reference pin according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a reference pin according to a modification of the embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, a settlement state measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, a case where the present invention is applied to a solid foundation of a wooden house as a building will be described as an example. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the settlement situation measurement method according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, first, in S11, a reference pin is installed in advance. In the present embodiment, a plurality of reference pins are installed on the outer surface of the outer peripheral rising portion of the concrete foundation when a new house is built. These reference pins are all installed at the same height from the ground.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a reference pin used in the settlement condition measuring method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the foundation showing the location where the reference pin is installed in the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the foundation showing how the reference pins are installed on the outer surface of the foundation outer peripheral rising portion in the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the reference pin 10 is a bent metal fitting bent into a L shape by bending a rectangular metal flat plate at a right angle, and includes a first flat plate portion 11 and a second flat plate portion 14 intersecting at a right angle. ing. A screw hole 12 for attaching the reference pin 10 to the foundation 20 is formed in the approximate center of the first flat plate portion 11.

  In this embodiment, the reference pin 10 is formed by bending a stainless steel flat plate having a length of 20 mm and a width of 10 mm at a right angle at a position 5 mm from the end in the longitudinal direction. Accordingly, the first flat plate portion 11 is a flat plate portion having a length of 15 mm and a width of 10 mm, and the second flat plate portion 14 is a flat plate portion having a length of 5 mm and a width of 10 mm. The diameter of the screw hole 12 is 3 mm.

  In FIG. 3, an example of the installation location of the reference pin 10 is indicated by an arrow. As shown in the figure, the reference pin 10 is installed at a predetermined location on the outer peripheral side surface of the foundation 20. The place where the reference pin 10 is installed is a place where the inclined state of the foundation 20 caused by the ground subsidence can be satisfactorily eliminated by measuring the amount of settlement at each place and lifting the foundation 20 described later. Is desirable.

  In the present embodiment, the reference pin 10 includes all the corners protruding outward among the corners where the rising portions of the foundation 20 intersect at right angles, and the rising portions of the foundation 20 extend horizontally. It is installed at a predetermined place on the flat part. Of course, the corner portion of the foundation 20 may be a corner portion where adjacent flat portions intersect at 30 ° or 120 ° other than a right angle.

  FIG. 4 shows an installation state of the reference pin 10 installed at a corner protruding toward the outside of the foundation 20. As shown in the figure, the L-shaped reference pin 10 installed at the corner that is convex to the outside of the foundation 20 has a corner so that the inner plane of the reference pin 10 contacts and overlaps the outer peripheral side surface of the foundation 20. It is placed over the part. That is, in the reference pin 10, the inner surface of the first flat plate portion 11 is in contact with one flat surface portion of the foundation 20 adjacent at the corner, and the inner surface of the second flat plate portion 14 is in contact with the other flat surface portion. Installed.

  In this way, by installing the single reference pin 10 installed at the corner of the foundation 20 so as to straddle the planar portions on both sides adjacent to the corner, the reference pin from both sides of the corner. 10 can be visually recognized. Thereby, the operation | work which arrange | equalizes the height of the reference | standard pin 10 installed in the plane part of both sides can be performed efficiently by making the said reference | standard pin 10 into a reference | standard.

  Further, the reference pin 10 installed on the flat portion of the foundation 20 is installed such that the outer surface of the first flat plate portion 11 contacts the flat portion of the foundation 20, and the second flat plate portion 14 protrudes from the foundation 20. It becomes a state. Thus, if the 2nd flat plate part 14 is protruded, when measuring a distance using a measure (measurement tape) in the measurement of the subsidence state mentioned later, the tip of the measure can be hooked on the protruding part. The workability of the work can be improved.

  The reference pin 10 installed in such a state is fixed to the foundation 20 by a concrete screw (fixing screw) 15 that is inserted into the foundation 20 through the screw hole 12. In the present embodiment, the fixing screw hole 12 is formed only in the first flat plate portion 11 of the reference pin 10, and the reference pin 10 is fixed to the foundation 20 with a single concrete screw 15. It is configured.

  Thereby, it is possible to prevent the foundation 20 from being damaged by screwing the plurality of concrete screws 15 into the foundation 20, and to realize the stable fixing of the reference pin 10 over a long period of time.

  For example, if a screw hole is also formed in the second flat plate portion 14 of the reference pin 10 installed at the corner portion, the screw for the cocrete screwed from both sides perpendicularly intersecting at the corner portion of the foundation 20 is the foundation 20. There is a risk that the concrete will peel off and cross inside. On the other hand, according to the present embodiment in which there is only one screw hole 12 that is the insertion hole of the concrete screw 15 that is the fixing member, such a situation can be prevented.

  In S <b> 11, a laser level is used in the present embodiment when all the reference pins 10 are installed at the same height from the ground. Specifically, first, a laser level is set at a position A in FIG. 3, and a laser beam having a desired height for irradiating a reference pin 10 with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the foundation 20 is irradiated while being scanned horizontally. To do.

  Then, the reference pin 10 is fixed by the concrete screw 15 in a state where the reference pin 10 is installed so that a predetermined reference portion of the reference pin 10 (for example, the upper edge in the longitudinal direction of the reference pin 10) overlaps the laser beam.

  After all the reference pins 10 to be installed are installed within the range irradiated with the laser beam emitted from the laser level installed at position A, the laser level is then moved to position B, and the same basis A laser beam is irradiated to the outer surface of 20. At this time, adjustment is made so that the height of the laser beam from the ground at the position B is the same as the height of the laser beam at the position A.

  Specifically, both the laser light from the position A and the laser light from the position B can reach, and the adjustment can be performed using the reference pin 10 </ b> A installed at the convex corner on the outside of the foundation 20. That is, the laser beam emitted by the laser level installed at the position B is applied to the reference portion (upper edge in the longitudinal direction) of the reference pin 10A that is already installed at a desired height based on the laser light from the position A. Adjust the beam height so that they overlap.

  Then, based on the laser beam after adjustment, the reference pin 10 is set by installing the reference pin 10 scheduled to be installed within the range irradiated with the laser beam emitted from the laser level installed at the position B. All can be installed exactly at the same height. If the same operation is repeated at the position C and the position D, all the reference pins 10 can be installed at a predetermined height on the outer peripheral outer surface of the foundation 20 at the same height.

  After S11, if ground subsidence occurs at the place where the foundation 20 is installed due to an earthquake or the like (S12), the foundation 20 is subtensioned unevenly and the foundation 20 is inclined. End up.

  On the other hand, in S13 and S14, the subsidence state of the foundation 20 is measured, and the foundation 20 is partially lifted according to the measurement result to perform the work of eliminating the inclination of the foundation 20. First, in S <b> 13, a settlement amount measurement operation for measuring the relative height of each reference pin 10 using a level is performed.

  Specifically, laser levels are sequentially installed at positions A to D shown in FIG. 3, and laser beams having the same height are irradiated on the outer peripheral side surface of the foundation 20 at these locations, and each reference pin is radiated from the laser beams. Measure the distance to the reference part with a measure.

  If it is before subsidence, since the plurality of reference pins 10 are installed at the same height in S11, the distance from the laser beam to each reference pin 10 is the same, but unequal subsidence occurs in S12. Then, the distance from the laser beam to each reference pin 10 is different, and by using the reference pin 10 to measure the relative subsidence amount (subsidence state) at each location of the base 20, the base 20 Can be grasped.

  In S14, based on the sinking state of the foundation 20 measured in S13, the raising position and the raising amount for returning the foundation 20 to the level are grasped, and the foundation 20 is pulled up. Specifically, the foundation 20 is pulled up by underpinning, jack-up, chemical solution injection, or the like. Thereby, each reference pin 10 can be located in the substantially same height, and the inclination state of the foundation 20 can be eliminated. In addition, after pulling up, it may be confirmed by using a laser level again whether the reference pins 10 are all at the same height as necessary.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, a plurality of reference pins 10 for measuring the subsidence condition are installed at the same height with respect to the foundation 20 before the subsidence, and thereafter, when subsidence occurs. Even if it exists, the subsidence condition of the foundation 20 can be measured accurately by measuring the relative height of the installed reference pin 10. If the sinking situation can be measured, the foundation 20 is lifted so that all the reference pins 10 return to the same height, so that the inclined state of the foundation 20 can be eliminated and the horizontal state can be accurately returned. .

  In the present embodiment, a bent metal fitting bent in an L shape is used as the reference pin 10, and the reference pin 10 is installed so as to straddle the flat portions on both sides at the corners protruding to the outside of the foundation 20. The reference pin 10 can be visually recognized from both sides of the corner portion, and the work of aligning the heights of the reference pins 10 installed on the flat portions on both sides of the corner portion can be performed efficiently.

  Further, also in the subsidence measurement work in S13, the relative heights of the reference pins 10 installed on the flat portions on both sides are measured efficiently and accurately with reference to the reference pins 10 installed on the corners. be able to. In addition, when the bent reference pin 10 is installed on the flat portion of the foundation 20, it is possible to easily measure the distance from the reference pin 10 by hooking the measure on the protruding portion.

  It should be noted that the above-described installation of the reference pin 10 of S11 does not have to be performed at the time of new construction, and can be performed at any time as long as the base 20 is not inclined due to subsidence.

  Next, a modification of the reference pin according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a reference pin according to a modification of the present embodiment. The reference pin 30 according to this modification is made of plastic and has a triangular prism shape. The reference pin 30 includes a first prism portion 31 on the right side and a second prism portion 34 on the left side. A screw hole 32 penetrating the first prism portion 31 is formed in the approximate center of the first prism portion 31.

  When the reference pin 30 is installed, the concrete pin is screwed into the foundation 20 through the screw hole 32 with the lower side surface 35 in the lower part of the drawing in contact with the outer peripheral side surface of the concrete foundation, so that the reference pin 30 is fixed to the foundation 20.

  When the reference pin 30 is installed on the flat portion of the foundation 20, the entire lower side surface 35 may be fixed in contact with the outer peripheral side surface of the foundation 20. When installing the reference pin 30 at the convex corner on the outside of the foundation 20, only the portion of the first prism portion 31 of the lower surface 35 is brought into contact with one outer peripheral surface of the foundation 20, and the remaining of the lower surface 35 is left. What is necessary is just to make a part (part of the 2nd prismatic part 34) protrude from the foundation 20, and fix the reference | standard pin 30 in the state which can be visually recognized also from the other outer peripheral side.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described including a modification, embodiment of this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the main point of this invention, a various deformation | transformation is carried out. It goes without saying that it is possible. For example, in the above embodiment, the concrete foundation of a wooden house has been described as an example of a building to which the present invention is applied. However, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to the foundations of various buildings.

  Moreover, the place where the reference pin according to the present invention is installed is not limited to the foundation, and may be installed on the outer wall of the building body. You may install a reference pin on the side of the part. That is, if it is a place where the height from the ground can be measured, the reference pin can be appropriately installed at a predetermined place of the building. In addition, when a reference pin is installed inside the foundation, a measuring instrument such as a level can be installed under the floor or the like.

  Further, after the reference pin is installed, the reference pin may be hidden by a cover or the like so that it cannot be seen from the outside. However, when performing the measurement work of the settlement condition, it is necessary to make the reference pin accessible from a measuring instrument such as a level installed at a predetermined location.

  Further, the shape and size of the reference pin are not limited to the shape described above, and can be changed as appropriate. For example, a simple flat plate shape may be used. However, it is desirable to install the reference pins installed at the corners of the building in a state accessible from the measuring instruments installed on both sides of the corners. More preferably, it is desirable to install the reference pin so as to straddle both sides of the corner. This is because it can be used as a reference for aligning the heights of the reference pins installed on both sides of the corner.

  In the above embodiment, a laser level is used to measure the height of the reference pin from the ground. However, other level such as a hand level may be used. A vessel can also be used.

  Further, the fixing member for fixing the reference pin to the building is not limited to the concrete screw, but may be fixed by another fixing member such as an adhesive. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the building is subsidized due to ground subsidence has been described as an example. The present invention can also be applied to general settlement.

10 Reference Pin 11 First Flat Plate Part 12 Screw Hole 14 Second Flat Plate Part 15 Concrete Screw 20 Foundation

Claims (6)

In the subsidence status measurement method for measuring the subsidence status of buildings,
An installation step in which a reference pin is previously installed in each of a plurality of locations at the same height of the building;
After the settlement of the building, a settlement amount measuring step for measuring a relative height of the plurality of reference pins,
A subsidence condition measuring method comprising:   The subsidence according to claim 1, wherein the installation step includes a corner portion installation step in which the reference pin is installed at a corner portion convex to the outside of the building so as to be visible from both sides of the corner portion. Situation measurement method.   The said corner | angular part installation process is a process of installing the said reference pin so that it may straddle the both sides of the said corner | angular part, The settlement condition measuring method of Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The settlement state measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the installation step is a step of fixing the reference pin to the building with a single fixing screw.   The reference pin used in the settlement condition measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reference pin has a shape in which a flat plate is bent.   5. The reference pin used in the settlement condition measuring method according to claim 4, wherein a screw hole for passing the fixing screw is formed only at one place.

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