JP6438716B2 - Displacement measuring device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a displacement measuring apparatus.

  In building construction, it is important to accurately measure vertical displacement. In recent years, demand for seismic isolation reinforcement (seismic isolation retrofit) of existing buildings has increased. Seismic isolation retrofit installs seismic isolation devices on the foundations and intermediate floors of existing buildings and transforms them into seismic isolation buildings without damaging the exterior or interior. When installing seismic isolation devices on the foundation, it is necessary to excavate the ground beneath the building. Therefore, it is necessary to observe whether vertical displacement has occurred in the building from the time of ground excavation.

  Conventionally, a telemetry device using a laser beam is known as a device for measuring displacement in the vertical direction (see Patent Document 1). This telemetry device includes a light emitting device (irradiation device) that emits a laser beam, a reflecting mirror (reflector) that reflects the laser beam, and a sensor (light receiving device) that recognizes the reflected light.

JP-A-6-109473 (paragraphs 0006 to 0009, FIG. 2)

  However, since the telemetry device described in Patent Document 1 requires a light receiving device and needs to process data acquired by the light receiving device using a personal computer or the like, the device is expensive.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a displacement measuring device that has a simpler configuration than that of the prior art and can easily measure the amount of displacement.

In order to solve the above problems, a displacement measuring apparatus according to the present invention includes an irradiation device that irradiates a laser beam, a reflector having a reflecting surface that reflects the laser beam, and a laser beam that is reflected by the reflecting surface. A scale for receiving light, wherein the reflecting surface is a convex mirror surface having a circular cross section on the side facing the scale, and the scale is above or below the reflector. The reflector and the irradiation device are installed and extend in parallel with the laser beam, and the reflector and the irradiation device are configured such that the ratio of the distance in the height direction from the center of the arc of the reflection surface to the irradiation position of the laser beam It is installed so that it may become 45 to 84% of range with respect to the radius of a vessel, and the reflector and the irradiation device are installed in a structural frame under construction that is set up in parallel and relative to each other. And

In the displacement measuring apparatus according to the present invention, since the cross-sectional shape of the reflecting surface is a convex mirror surface having an arc shape, the amount of reflected light displacement (Δi ₀ ) is less than the amount of laser light displacement (Δy ₀ ). growing. Therefore, the observer can easily measure the displacement (Δy ₀ ) of the laser beam visually by observing the position of the reflected light projected on the scale using the scale of the scale. Therefore, it is possible to accurately measure the amount of displacement even without a light receiving device having a sensor for recognizing laser light. In addition, since a sensor (light receiving device) is not required, the cost is low and the time required for installation is short.
Further, when the ratio of the distance in the height direction from the center of the arc of the reflecting surface to the laser light irradiation position is in the range of 45 to 84% with respect to the radius of the reflector, the position of the laser light irradiation is displaced. On the other hand, the position of the reflected light on the scale is linearly displaced. Therefore, the displacement amount can be easily measured.

  According to the present invention, the configuration is simpler than in the prior art, and the displacement amount can be easily measured.

1 is an external perspective view of a displacement measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a principal part enlarged view of the displacement measuring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the position of the laser beam irradiated to a reflector, and the position of the laser beam (reflected light) reflected on a scale. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the height of the laser beam irradiated to a reflector, and the X coordinate of the reflected light projected on a scale. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the height of the laser beam irradiated to a reflector, and the X coordinate of the reflected light projected on a scale. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the position of the laser beam irradiated to a reflector, and the position of the laser beam (reflected light) reflected on a scale.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
Each figure is only schematically shown so that the invention can be fully understood. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example. In the drawings to be referred to, dimensions of members constituting the present invention may be exaggerated for clarity of explanation. In addition, in each figure, about the same component or the same component, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and those overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

<< Configuration of Displacement Measuring Device According to Embodiment >>
With reference to FIG. 1, the structure of the displacement measuring apparatus which concerns on embodiment is demonstrated.
The displacement measuring device 1 is for observing a vertical displacement generated in a building. The displacement measuring device 1 is installed, for example, on a structural frame 2 (column, wall, etc.) of a building that performs seismic isolation retrofit, and is visually observed by an observer 3 such as a construction worker.
In this embodiment, the case where the displacement measuring apparatus 1 is installed in the two pillars 2b and 2c is assumed. Here, it is assumed that a vertical displacement does not occur in the right column 2b and a vertical displacement occurs in the left column 2c. The displacement measuring device 1 includes an irradiation device 10 installed on the column 2b, a reflector 20 installed at a position facing the irradiation device 10 on the column 2c, and a scale 30 installed below the reflector 20. Configured.

<Irradiation device>
The irradiation apparatus 10 irradiates linear light (for example, laser light). The irradiation apparatus 10 is installed so that a laser beam may be irradiated horizontally. In this embodiment, the fixed point is the installation position of the irradiation device 10. Here, the fixed point refers to a place where a vertical displacement does not occur with the passage of time (it is extremely small even if it occurs). Here, it is installed at a position close to the beam 2a on the inner side of the column 2b (side surface facing the column 2c).

<Reflector>
The reflector 20 reflects the laser light emitted from the irradiation device 10 in the direction in which the scale 30 is installed. The reflector 20 is installed at a movable point. Here, the movable point refers to a place where a vertical displacement occurs over time. As shown in FIG. 2, the reflector 20 is formed in a fan-shaped main body 21 having a certain thickness, a reflecting surface 22 formed on the circumferential surface of the main body 21, and a lower portion of the main body 21. Connecting portion 23. The reflective surface 22 may be formed by attaching a reflective material (for example, aluminum foil, mirror, etc.) to the circumferential surface of the main body 21, or the main surface 21 itself is mirror-finished to form the reflective surface 22. Also good. Note that the reflecting surface 22 may have a shape other than the cylindrical surface (such as a part of a spherical surface) as long as the cross-sectional shape is a convex mirror surface having an arc shape.

The reflector 20 includes a convex mirror-like reflection surface 22 whose cross-sectional shape forms an arc shape, so that the angle of the reflection surface 22 with respect to the horizontal direction varies depending on the position. Therefore, when the laser beam is irradiated from the horizontal direction, the incident angle α and the reflection angle β change with the change of the position where the laser beam strikes. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the incident position α _b and the reflection angle β _b of the laser beam in the initial state (before fluctuation) and the irradiation position by the amount of displacement (Δy ₀ ) as the left column 2c sinks. Both the incident angle α _a and the reflection angle β _a of the laser beam after fluctuations shifted upward are small.

  The laser light (reflected light) reflected by the reflector 20 is applied to the scale 30 connected via a connecting part 23 formed at the lower part of the main body part 21. Here, the connecting portion 23 is assumed to maintain a constant distance between the reflector 20 and the scale 30, but may be configured to be able to adjust the distance between the reflector 20 and the scale 30. . In that case, for example, the connecting portion 23 may have a configuration that can expand and contract itself, or may have a configuration in which fixing portions that fix the scale 30 are arranged side by side in the vertical direction.

<Scale>
As shown in FIG. 2, the scale 30 has a scale 31 on the surface facing the reflector 20, and the laser beam (reflected light) reflected by the reflector 20 is projected on the scale 30. The scale 30 has a vertically long plate shape whose horizontal width is the same as the thickness of the reflector 20, and is arranged horizontally (parallel to the laser light emitted from the irradiation device 10). Here, one end of the scale 30 is fixed to the connecting portion 23, but the fixing means is not limited to this.

  The scale 30 may be formed using a transparent or translucent material (for example, synthetic resin). With such a configuration, as shown in FIG. 1, even when the scale 30 is installed at a position higher than the line of sight of the observer 3, the observer 3 projects laser light from the back side of the scale 30. Position can be observed.

A relationship between the amount of displacement (Δy ₀ ) of the laser light applied to the reflector 20 and the amount of displacement (Δi ₀ ) of the reflected light applied to the scale 30 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, the vertical direction of the displacement measuring apparatus 1 described in FIGS. That is, the X-axis direction in FIG. 3 indicates the right direction in FIG. 1, and the Y-axis direction in FIG. 3 indicates the downward direction in FIG. The center of the arc of the reflecting surface 22 is brought to the origin O, the radius of the reflecting surface 22 is “a”, and the distance from the origin O to the scale 30 is represented by “H”.

When the coordinates of the intersection point P ₀ between the center of the laser beam with the diameter φ irradiated from the irradiation device 10 and the reflection surface 22 are (x ₀ , y ₀ ), the following equation (1) is obtained using a circle equation. Is established. Then, from the equation (1), X-coordinate x ₀ of intersection P ₀ is given by the following expression (2).

Here, considering that the X coordinate x ₀ is a positive number (x ₀ > 0), the coordinate (x ₀ , y ₀ ) of the intersection P ₀ is ((a ² -y ₀ ² ) ^1/2. , y ₀ ). A linear equation passing through the origin O and the intersection point P ₀ is expressed by the following expression (3).

Since the linear equation of equation (3) is a normal line at the tangent of the intersection point P ₀ of the reflecting surface 22, the angle α ₀ formed by the X axis (laser beam) and the linear equation of equation (3) is the intersection point P _0. The incident angle at. Therefore, the incident angle α ₀ of the laser beam is the slope “y ₀ / (a ² −y ₀ ² ) ^1/2 ” of the linear equation of equation (3).

When the laser beam is irradiated to the intersection point P ₀ of the reflecting surface 22 at the incident angle α ₀ , the laser beam is reflected at the same angle as the incident angle α ₀ (reflection angle β ₀ ). The laser beam at that time becomes a straight line ₀ shown in FIG. 3, and the linear equation of the formula (3), which is a normal line at the intersection point P ₀ of the reflecting surface 22, is rotated counterclockwise at an angle β _0. Conceivable. Therefore, the slope α ₀ ′ of the straight line ₀ is expressed by the following expression (4) by the primary conversion.

Then, a straight line equation of straight line ₀ passing through the intersection point P ₀ with β ₀ = tan ⁻¹ (y ₀ / x ₀ ) and an inclination of α ₀ ′ = α ₀ + β ₀ is represented by the following equation (5).

The X coordinate of the intersection i ₀ between the straight line equation of Expression (5) and the straight line parallel to the X axis and having a distance H from the origin O (y = H) can be obtained as in Expression (6) below. Therefore, the coordinates of the intersection point i ₀ are (x ₀ + (H−y ₀ ) / α ₀ ′, H).

The height y ₀ of the laser light, showing the relationship between the X-coordinate of the intersection point i ₀ of the scale 30 and the reflected light in FIG. In the graph shown in FIG. 4, the radius a of the reflecting surface 22 is “100 mm”, and the distance H from the center O to the scale 30 is “200 mm”.

Under this condition, as shown in FIG. 4, when the height y ₀ of the laser beam is “85 mm” or more (region indicated by the symbol K1), the X coordinate at the intersection point i ₀ is a negative value. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the positions of the irradiation device 10 and the reflector 20 so that the upper limit of the laser beam height y ₀ before and after the fluctuation is less than “85 mm”.

On the other hand, there is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the height y ₀ of the longitudinal variation laser beam. However, the following cautions are necessary except that measurement is not possible. That is, the length of the scale 30 needs to be matched with the expected range of the X coordinate at the intersection point i ₀ , and if the value of the X coordinate is too large, it is difficult to manufacture and install the scale 30. In FIG. 4, when the height y ₀ of the laser beam is less than “20 mm”, the X coordinate at the intersection point i ₀ increases rapidly. For example, when the laser beam height y ₀ is “20 mm”, the X coordinate at the intersection point i ₀ is about “520 mm”, but when the laser beam height y ₀ is “10 mm”, the X coordinate at the intersection point i ₀ is When the laser beam height y ₀ is “5 mm”, the X coordinate at the intersection point i ₀ is about “2042 mm”. Therefore, although there is no problem that the measurement cannot be performed, the positions of the irradiation device 10 and the reflector 20 are set so that the lower limit of the height y ₀ of the laser beam before and after the fluctuation is “20 mm” or more (region indicated by the symbol K2). It is good to adjust.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, when the height y ₀ of the laser beam is between “45 mm” and “84 mm” (region indicated by reference sign K3), the X coordinate at the intersection point i ₀ is displaced more linearly. FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the laser beam height y ₀ in the region K ₃ and the X coordinate at the intersection point i ₀ between the scale 30 and the reflected light. In the region K3, with the the laser beam height y ₀ is changed "1mm", X-coordinate at the intersection i ₀ is substantially changed "5mm". That is, the displacement amount (Δi ₀ ) of the reflected light is five times the displacement amount (Δy ₀ ) of the laser beam and displayed on the scale 30.

<< Usage of displacement measuring apparatus according to embodiment >>
A method of using the displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
First, the irradiation apparatus 10 is installed on the right column 2b. Then, the reflector 20 is installed in the structural housing (in FIG. 1, the left pillar 2c) which exists in the position where the laser beam which the irradiation apparatus 10 irradiates reaches. At this time, the height y ₀ of the laser beam is set to a position of “65 mm (the center of the region K3 shown in FIG. 4)”, that is, the X coordinate (X at the intersection point i ₀₎ of the reflected light projected on the scale 30. (Coordinates) should be adjusted to the position of “100mm”.

Subsequently, after work such as ground excavation, the X coordinate of the reflected light projected on the scale 30 is observed, and the laser beam height y ₀ is calculated from the X coordinate using the correspondence shown in FIGS. . In this case, a value obtained by dividing the value of the X coordinate by “5” may be simply set as the laser beam height y ₀ . Then, to calculate the displacement amount in the vertical direction by comparing the height y ₀ of the laser beam in the work before and after the ground excavation, and the like.

  Further, the initial setting of the displacement measuring apparatus 1 may be as follows. It is set so that the laser beam hits the position of “65 mm (center of the region K3 shown in FIG. 4)” of the reflector 20 as an initial value, and the initial position of the laser beam projected onto the scale 30 is “0”. The scale 30 is marked as (zero). Then, the scale 31 may be entered in the “+ (plus) direction” and “− (minus) direction” with this mark as a boundary.

As described above, in the displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, the displacement amount (Δi ₀ ) of the reflected light is several times (5 times in the embodiment) with respect to the displacement amount (Δy ₀ ) of the laser beam. It is displayed on the scale 30. Therefore, the displacement (Δi ₀ ) of the reflected light can be easily measured visually using the scale of the scale 30. Therefore, the amount of displacement in the vertical direction can be accurately measured without a sensor for recognizing laser light. As a result, a sensor is not required, so that the cost is low and the time required for installation is short.

  The scale 30 of the displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to the embodiment uses a transparent or translucent material (for example, synthetic resin). Accordingly, since the reflected light is transmitted and projected on the back side of the scale 30, the displacement amount can be confirmed also from the back side of the scale 30. Therefore, even when the scale 30 is installed at a position higher than the line of sight of the observer 3, the observer 3 can observe the position where the laser light is projected from the back side of the scale 30.

The magnification of the reflected light displacement amount (Δi ₀ ) with respect to the laser light displacement amount (Δy ₀ ) of the displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to the embodiment increases as the scale 30 moves away from the reflector 20 (as H increases). Increase. Therefore, when it is desired to measure the amount of displacement in the vertical direction more finely, it is preferable to increase the resolution of the displacement measuring device 1 by increasing H by installing the scale 30 near or on the floor.

[Modification]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this, It can implement in the range which does not change the meaning of a claim. The modification of embodiment is shown below.

  In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the amount of vertical displacement displayed on the scale 30 is observed with the center of the laser light as a reference. However, since there are various types of laser light having different diameters, it may be difficult to specify the center of the laser light. In that case, it is preferable to observe the amount of displacement in the vertical direction with reference to the upper end or lower end of the laser beam.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when the diameter of the laser beam is “φ” (radius is “φ / 2”), the coordinates on the Y axis of the upper end of the laser beam are (0, y ₀ + φ / 2). The intersection P _U (x _U , y _U ) between the upper end of the laser beam and the reflecting surface 22 is expressed as P _U ((a ² − (y ₀ + φ / 2) ² ) ^{1 / 2} , y ₀ + φ / 2). The coordinates of the intersection point i _U with the scale 30 (y = H) when the laser beam is reflected at the intersection point P _U are expressed as (x _U + (H−y _U ) / α _U ′, H )

On the other hand, the coordinate on the Y-axis of the lower end of the laser beam is (0, y ₀ -φ / 2), and the intersection point P _L (x _L , y _L ) between the lower end of the laser beam and the reflecting surface 22 is the upper end. Similarly, P _L ((a ² − (y ₀ −φ / 2) ² ) ^1/2 , y ₀ −φ / 2) is obtained using the equation (2). The coordinates of the intersection point i _L with the scale 30 (y = H) when the laser beam is reflected at the intersection point P _L are expressed as (x _L + (H−y _L ) / α _L ′, H )

In this way, the coordinates of the intersection point i _U (x _U + (H−y _U ) / α _U ′, H) or the coordinates of the intersection point i _L (x _L + (H−y _L ) / α _L ′, H) May be used to measure the amount of vertical displacement displayed on the scale 30. In this case, even when it is difficult to specify the center of the laser beam, the amount of displacement in the vertical direction can be accurately observed.

  In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, it is assumed that the observer 3 visually confirms the laser light applied to the scale 30, but the image may be taken with a digital camera or the like. In that case, the irradiation position of the laser beam can be recorded as evidence.

  In the embodiment, the irradiation device 10 irradiates the linear laser beam. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a device that diffuses in a fan shape in the horizontal direction may be used.

In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the reflector 20 is disposed so that the reflecting surface 22 faces downward, and the scale 30 is installed below the reflector 20. However, the reflector 30 may be disposed so that the reflecting surface 22 faces upward, and the scale 30 may be installed above the reflector 20. Even in this case, the amount of displacement in the vertical direction can be measured.
Further, the reflector 30 may be arranged so that the reflecting surface 22 faces either the left or right, and the scale 30 may be installed on the side (left or right) where the reflecting surface 22 of the reflector 20 exists. In this case, the amount of horizontal displacement can be measured.

1 Displacement measuring device 2a Beam (structural frame)
2b, 2c Pillar (Structural enclosure)
3 Observer 10 Irradiation Device 20 Reflector 21 Main Body 22 Reflecting Surface 23 Connecting Portion 30 Scale 31 Scale

Claims (1)

An irradiation device for irradiating the laser beam horizontally;
A reflector formed with a reflecting surface for reflecting the laser beam;
A displacement measuring device comprising a scale that receives the laser light reflected by the reflecting surface,
The reflective surface is a convex mirror surface in which the cross-sectional shape on the side facing the scale has an arc shape,
The scale is installed above or below the reflector and extends parallel to the laser beam ,
In the reflector and the irradiation device, the ratio of the distance in the height direction from the center of the arc of the reflection surface to the irradiation position of the laser light is in the range of 45 to 84% with respect to the radius of the reflector. Installed in the
The displacement measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reflector and the irradiation apparatus are installed on a structural frame under construction that is erected in parallel .

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