JP2013174572A - センサ用光ファイバおよび電力装置監視システム - Google Patents
センサ用光ファイバおよび電力装置監視システム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】センサ用光ファイバ10は、コアの屈折率を周期的に変化させたFBG12と、FBG12を被覆する金属層13と、金属層13に設けられる一対の電極14および15とを備える。電極14および15を測定対象の所望の位置に接続し、FBG12のブラッグ波長の変化に基づいて、金属層13に流れる電流を算出する。
【選択図】図1
Description
また、従来のセンサ用光ファイバでは、電流や電圧を測定することができないという問題があった。たとえば特許文献1および2には、光ファイバを用いて電流・電圧を測定することについては記載がなく、また、特許文献1および2に記載される光ファイバをそのまま用いても電流・電圧の測定はできない。
金属層に発生するジュール熱により、入射光が伝播する方向に金属層が伸縮するものであってもよい。
センサ用光ファイバは、複数のFBGを備え、FBGの1つが有する金属層の電極のうち一方は抵抗器に接続されてもよい。
センサ用光ファイバは環境温度センサ部を備え、環境温度センサ部は、FBGとは異なるFBGを備えてもよい。
FBGは、金属層によって被覆されるメタライズ部と、金属層によっては被覆されない非メタライズ部とを備えてもよい。
メタライズ部の、入射光が伝播する方向における合計の長さと、非メタライズ部の、入射光が伝播する方向における合計の長さとは互いに等しいものであってもよい。
メタライズ部は、FBGにおいて、入射光が伝播する方向中央に設けられてもよい。
光源は、入射光として複数の波長からなる光を放射し、光測定手段は、光のスペクトルを測定する分光手段であってもよい。
分光手段は、FBGによって反射されたブラッグ波長を特定し、電力装置監視システムは、ブラッグ波長に基づいて、金属層に流れる電流または金属層に印加された電圧を算出してもよい。
分光手段は、環境温度センサ部によって反射された波長を基準ブラッグ波長として特定し、算出手段は、ブラッグ波長と基準ブラッグ波長との差分に基づいて、電流または電圧を算出してもよい。
光源において、入射光の波長は可変であり、電力装置監視システムは、光源を制御して入射光の波長を変更する光源制御手段を備え、光源制御手段は、基準ブラッグ波長に基づいて、入射光の波長を制御してもよい。
実施の形態1.
図1は本発明の実施の形態1に係る電力装置監視システム1の構成の概略を示す模式図である。
電力装置監視システム1は、電力装置の電流または電圧を測定し、これによって電力装置を監視するために用いられる。電力装置とは、たとえば強電の電力装置を意味し、電池、蓄電池、発電機、変電器等を含む。また、電力装置とは、パワーデバイスと呼ばれるものであってもよく、高圧電気回路またはその一部であってもよい。
図2は、FBG12の伸張を説明する図である。金属層13に流れる電流Iにより、FBG12および金属層13の軸方向(すなわち入射光が伝播する方向)の長さLがΔLだけ増加することを示す。金属層13にジュール熱が発生すると、FBG12が加熱されて熱応力により膨張して軸方向に伸張する。また、このジュール熱により金属層13自身が膨張して軸方向に伸張し、この際の応力によりFBG12を軸方向に伸張させる。このような効果により、FBG12の長さLがΔLだけ増加する。
なお図2では説明の便宜上、金属層13が右側にのみ伸張するように示しているが、実際には金属層13は軸方向両側に伸張する。このように、FBG12および金属層13はジュール熱により伸縮する。
FBG12の温度がTaからTbに上昇すると、ブラッグ波長が長波長側にシフトし、たとえばλbとなる。この場合には、波長λbおよびその近傍の波長を持つ光はセンサ用光ファイバ10を透過せず、結果として透過光のスペクトルは波長λbにおいて極小値を示す。
光処理装置20は、光源21および光測定手段22を備える。光源21は、センサ用光ファイバ10に対して入射光を放射する。光源21はたとえばレーザーダイオードであるが、他の光源であってもよく、たとえば非レーザーのLEDであってもよい。光源21は、図3に示すように、連続的なスペクトルを持つ光を放射する。すなわち、入射光は複数の波長からなる。
たとえば、金属層13に流れる電流の大きさに応じて金属層13の発熱量が定まり、金属層13の発熱量はFBG12に加わる熱応力に比例するので、ブラッグ波長の変化量(所定の基準ブラッグ波長からの差分)は、金属層13に流れる電流の大きさに依存することになる。演算手段24は、この関係を表す関係式に基づいて電流の大きさを算出することができる。なお、この基準ブラッグ波長および関係式は、たとえばあらかじめ演算手段24に記憶させておくことができる。
また、ブラッグ加工してある部分(FBG12の全体を含む)はすべて金属層13で被覆されているので、反射波長帯域の歪みが生じない。
なお、金属層13の抵抗値は既知であるため、電力装置監視システム1は、電流値を電圧値に変換することができる。すなわち、この場合、演算手段24は、FBG12のブラッグ波長に基づいて、金属層13に印加された電圧を算出する機能を有する。
実施の形態1では、環境温度の変化によるFBG12の伸縮についてはとくに考慮していない。実施の形態2は、環境温度の変化を考慮し、より精度の高い測定を行える構成としたものである。
電圧用FBG122について、金属層123には一対の電極124および125が設けられ、それぞれ電線126および127によって金属層123の異なる位置に接続される。これら電極のうち一方(図5の例では電極124)は、対応する電線126を介して抵抗値R1を有する抵抗器128に挿入される。
また、電流用FBG132について、金属層133には一対の電極134および135が設けられ、それぞれ電線136および137によって金属層133の異なる位置に接続される。電圧用FBG122と異なり、電流用FBG132には抵抗器は挿入されない。
光処理装置150は、光源151、光測定手段152および制御部153を備える。実施の形態1と同様に、光源151はセンサ用光ファイバ110に対して入射光を放射し、光測定手段152はセンサ用光ファイバ110を透過した光を受光し測定する。制御部153は、演算手段154および光源制御手段155を備える。
図6は、各FBGのブラッグ波長の関係を示す。図6(a)は、温度保証用FBG112のブラッグ波長λt周辺のスペクトルを、波長方向に模式的に拡大したものである。図6(b)は、3つのFBGそれぞれが反射する反射光のスペクトルを示す。図6(b)に示すように、3つのFBGがそれぞれ異なるブラッグ波長において光を反射するため、光測定手段152が測定する光のスペクトルには、図6(a)に示すように3つの極小値が現れる。
実施の形態1および2では、光処理装置は各FBGを透過した透過光に基づいて電流および/または電圧を測定する。変形例として、光処理装置は各FBGによって反射された反射光に基づいて電流または電圧を測定してもよい。この場合、光測定手段はセンサ用光ファイバの入射側に設けられ、各FBGによって反射された光のスペクトルを測定する。また、ブラッグ波長は、測定されたスペクトルの極大値を与える波長として特定されることになる。
実施の形態3は、1つのFBGに電流検出部および温度検出部を設け、反射帯域幅に基づく演算を行うことにより、単一のFBGで温度保証(温度補償)を可能とするものである。
図7は、実施の形態3に係るセンサ用光ファイバ310の一部の拡大図である。以下、実施の形態1のセンサ用光ファイバ10(図1、図2)との相違点を説明する。
FBG312の軸方向の長さをL0とする。実施の形態1と異なり、金属層313はFBG312の全体を被覆するのではなく、一部のみを被覆する。すなわち、FBG312は、金属層313によって被覆されるメタライズ部312aと、金属層313によっては被覆されない非メタライズ部312bとを備える。(なお非メタライズ部312bは露出している必要はなく、金属層以外の構造によって被覆されてもよい。)
なお、通電停止後しばらく時間が経過すると、センサ用光ファイバ310全体の温度が低下し、通電開始前の状態(図8(a))に戻る。
また、1個のFBG素子でFBG312を実現できるため、コストの上昇が回避できる。とくに、外付けFBGによる温度センサ等は不要であり、コストを低減するとともに装置全体を小型化することができる。
10、110、310、410 センサ用光ファイバ、11、111 光ファイバ部、12、312、412 FBG(312a、412a メタライズ部、312b、412b 非メタライズ部)、112 温度保証用FBG(FBG、環境温度センサ部)、122 電圧用FBG(FBG)、132 電流用FBG(FBG)、13、123、133、313、413 金属層、14、15、124、125、134、135 電極、
20、150 光処理装置、21、151 光源、22、152 光測定手段(分光手段)、24、154 演算手段、128 抵抗器、155 光源制御手段、200 電池(電力装置)、C 電気回路、
B0、Bt FBGによって反射された波長の帯域幅、La メタライズ部の合計の長さ、Lb 非メタライズ部の合計の長さ、λi、λv ブラッグ波長、λt ブラッグ波長(基準ブラッグ波長)。
Claims (15)
- センサ用光ファイバであって、
入射光が伝播する方向に沿って、前記センサ用光ファイバのコアの屈折率を周期的に変化させたFBGと、
前記FBGを被覆する金属層と、
前記金属層に設けられる一対の電極と
を備えたセンサ用光ファイバ。 - 前記金属層は抵抗金属材料を含む、請求項1に記載のセンサ用光ファイバ。
- 前記金属層に発生するジュール熱により、前記入射光が伝播する方向に前記金属層が伸縮する、請求項1または2に記載のセンサ用光ファイバ。
- 前記センサ用光ファイバは、複数の前記FBGを備え、
前記FBGの1つが有する前記金属層の電極のうち一方は抵抗器に接続される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のセンサ用光ファイバ。 - 前記センサ用光ファイバは環境温度センサ部を備え、
前記環境温度センサ部は、前記FBGとは異なるFBGを備える、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のセンサ用光ファイバ。 - 前記FBGは、前記金属層によって被覆されるメタライズ部と、前記金属層によっては被覆されない非メタライズ部とを備える、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のセンサ用光ファイバ。
- 前記メタライズ部の、前記入射光が伝播する方向における合計の長さと、
前記非メタライズ部の、前記入射光が伝播する方向における合計の長さと
は互いに等しい、請求項6に記載のセンサ用光ファイバ。 - 前記メタライズ部は、前記FBGにおいて、前記入射光が伝播する方向中央に設けられる、請求項6または7に記載のセンサ用光ファイバ。
- 請求項6〜8のいずれか一項に記載のセンサ用光ファイバと、
前記入射光として複数の波長からなる光を放射する光源と、
前記FBGを透過した光または前記FBGによって反射された波長の帯域幅を測定する分光手段と、
前記帯域幅に基づいて前記金属層に流れる電流または前記金属層に印加された電圧を算出する、算出手段と
を備える、電力装置監視システム。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のセンサ用光ファイバと、
前記入射光を放射する光源と、
前記FBGを透過した光または前記FBGによって反射された光を測定する光測定手段と
を備えた電力装置監視システム。 - 前記複数のFBGは、電流用FBGおよび電圧用FBGを含み、前記電極の一方が抵抗器に接続された前記FBGは電圧用FBGであり、
前記電流用FBGの金属層は、前記電力装置に直列に接続され、
前記電圧用FBGの金属層は、前記電力装置に並列に接続される、
請求項4を引用する場合の請求項10に記載の電力装置監視システム。 - 前記光源は、前記入射光として複数の波長からなる光を放射し、
前記光測定手段は、光のスペクトルを測定する分光手段である、請求項10または11に記載の電力装置監視システム。 - 前記分光手段は、前記FBGによって反射されたブラッグ波長を特定し、
前記電力装置監視システムは、前記ブラッグ波長に基づいて、前記金属層に流れる電流または前記金属層に印加された電圧を算出する、算出手段をさらに備える、請求項12に記載の電力装置監視システム。 - 前記分光手段は、前記環境温度センサ部によって反射された波長を基準ブラッグ波長として特定し、
前記算出手段は、前記ブラッグ波長と前記基準ブラッグ波長との差分に基づいて、前記電流または前記電圧を算出する、請求項5を引用する場合の請求項13に記載の電力装置監視システム。 - 前記光源において、前記入射光の波長は可変であり、
前記電力装置監視システムは、前記光源を制御して前記入射光の波長を変更する光源制御手段を備え、
前記光源制御手段は、前記基準ブラッグ波長に基づいて、前記入射光の波長を制御する、
請求項14に記載の電力装置監視システム。
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CN104185793B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
EP2824463A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
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