JP2013158771A - 非対称性膜 - Google Patents
非対称性膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013158771A JP2013158771A JP2013018536A JP2013018536A JP2013158771A JP 2013158771 A JP2013158771 A JP 2013158771A JP 2013018536 A JP2013018536 A JP 2013018536A JP 2013018536 A JP2013018536 A JP 2013018536A JP 2013158771 A JP2013158771 A JP 2013158771A
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- zone
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- average pore
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyarylsulfone Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound CCC[N+]([O-])=O JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000491 Polyphenylsulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[(1-azaniumyl-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanimidoyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920013655 poly(bisphenol-A sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002523 polyethylene Glycol 1000 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003361 porogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004540 pour-on Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0013—Casting processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0016—Coagulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0016—Coagulation
- B01D67/00165—Composition of the coagulation baths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
- B01D2323/081—Heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/15—Use of additives
- B01D2323/18—Pore-control agents or pore formers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/42—Details of membrane preparation apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/022—Asymmetric membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/04—Characteristic thickness
Abstract
【解決手段】第1の外層表面32から基材34の第1の多孔質ゾーン35にかけて増加する第1の多孔質非対称性を含む第1の非対称性多孔質ゾーン37、及び第2の外層表面33から基材34の第2の多孔質ゾーン36にかけて増加する第2の多孔質非対称性を含む第2の非対称性多孔質ゾーン38を含み、第1の平均孔径が第2の平均孔径より大きい非対称性膜、並びにこの膜を作製及び使用する方法が開示される。
【選択図】図2B
Description
[0001]上流表面上に大きい孔径、下流表面上により小さい孔径、及び上流表面から下流表面に向かう方向に減少する平均孔径を有する非対称性膜(asymmetric membrane)(このような膜は、「V字型の孔構造」を有すると称され得る)が、当技術分野で知られている。しかし、従来の非対称性膜は、低減した性能、空隙率(capacity)及び寿命を示し得る。
[0003]本発明の一実施形態によれば、(a)第1の外層多孔質表面(a first exterior porous surface)、(b)第2の外層多孔質表面(a second exterior porous surface)、(c)第1の外層多孔質表面と第2の外層多孔質表面との間の多孔質基材であり、第1の多孔質領域及び第2の多孔質領域を有し、第1の多孔質領域が第2の多孔質領域と接触している多孔質基材、(d)第1の外層表面を含み、基材の第1の多孔質領域まで広がり、基材の第1の多孔質領域を含む、第1の非対称性多孔質ゾーン、並びに(e)第2の外層表面を含み、基材の第2の多孔質領域まで広がり、基材の第2の多孔質領域を含む、第2の非対称性多孔質ゾーンを備え、第1の非対称性多孔質ゾーンが、第1の外層表面から基材の第1の多孔質ゾーンにかけて増加する第1の多孔質非対称性を有し、第2の非対称性多孔質ゾーンが、第2の外層表面から基材の第2の多孔質ゾーンにかけて増加する第2の多孔質非対称性を有し、第1の多孔質表面が、第1の平均孔径(pore size)を有し、第2の多孔質表面が、第2の平均孔径を有し、第1の平均孔径が第2の平均孔径より大きい非対称性膜が提供される。
[0016]有利には、本発明に係る膜は、低減された汚染(fouling)を示し、V字型の孔構造を有する従来の非対称性膜より増強した性能(performance)、空隙率及び寿命を備える。特定の理論になんら束縛されるものではないが、低減した数の大又は中サイズの残存粒子が、第1のゾーンの表面(例えば、上流表面)の孔を通過し、したがって本発明に係る膜の内部の孔(即ち、第1のゾーンの下流部分)を塞ぎ得る残存粒子の存在を低減すると考えられる。第1のゾーンの下流部分の平均孔径は、第1のゾーンの上流部分の平均孔径より大きく、また第2のゾーンの上流部分の平均孔径より大きいことが好ましいので、膜は有利に、膜の内部に残存粒子(例えば、小さい残存粒子)及び濾液のための空間をより多くもたらし得る。第2のゾーンの平均孔径は、第1のゾーンの平均孔より小さいので、低減した数の残存粒子(例えば、小さい残存粒子)が、第2のゾーンの表面(例えば、下流表面)の孔を通過し、濾液は、第2のゾーンの表面の孔を通過する。
[0080]この実施例は、本発明の一実施形態に係る非対称性膜を作製する方法を示す。
[0086]この実施例は、実施例1に従って製造した非対称性膜が透水性であることを示す。
[0088]この実施例は、実施例1に従って製造した非対称性膜が、V字型の非対称性膜と比較して増加した空隙率を備えることを示す。
[0092]この実施例は、本発明の別の実施形態に従って非対称性膜を作製することを示す。
[0097]この実施例は、実施例4に従って作製した非対称性膜の性能を示す。
[0099]この実施例は、0.45〜0.65μmの名目上の孔径を有する、膜の第2のゾーン、並びに第1のゾーンの上流及び下流部分の平均孔径を示す。
[0101]この実施例は、本発明の別の実施形態に従って非対称性膜を作製する方法を示す。
[0106]この実施例は、本発明の実施形態に係る別の非対称性膜の構造を示す。
Claims (15)
- (a)第1の外層多孔質表面、
(b)第2の外層多孔質表面、
(c)第1の外層多孔質表面と第2の外層多孔質表面との間の多孔質基材であり、第1の多孔質領域及び第2の多孔質領域を有し、第1の多孔質領域が第2の多孔質領域と接触している多孔質基材、
(d)第1の外層表面を含み、基材の第1の多孔質領域まで広がり、基材の第1の多孔質領域を含む、第1の非対称性多孔質ゾーン、並びに
(e)第2の外層表面を含み、基材の第2の多孔質領域まで広がり、基材の第2の多孔質領域を含む、第2の非対称性多孔質ゾーン
を備え、
第1の非対称性多孔質ゾーンが、第1の外層表面から基材の第1の多孔質領域にかけて増加する第1の多孔質非対称性を有し、
第2の非対称性多孔質ゾーンが、第2の外層表面から基材の第2の多孔質領域にかけて増加する第2の多孔質非対称性を有し、
第1の多孔質表面が、第1の平均孔径を有し、
第2の多孔質表面が、第2の平均孔径を有し、
第1の平均孔径が、第2の平均孔径より大きい、非対称性膜。 - 第1のゾーンの上流多孔質部分及び第1のゾーンの下流多孔質部分を含む、第1の上流多孔質ゾーン、並びに
第2のゾーンの上流多孔質部分及び第2のゾーンの下流多孔質部分を含む、第2の下流多孔質ゾーン
を備え、
第1のゾーンが、上流から下流の方向に増加する平均孔径を有し、
第2のゾーンが、下流から上流の方向に増加する平均孔径を有し、
第1のゾーンの下流多孔質部分が、第1のゾーンの上流多孔質部分の平均孔径より大きく、第2のゾーンの上流多孔質部分の平均孔径より大きい平均孔径を有し、
第1のゾーンの平均孔径が、第2のゾーンの平均孔径より大きい、膜。 - 第1のゾーンが、約10μm〜約500μmの厚さを有する、請求項1又は2に記載の膜。
- 第2のゾーンが、約10μm〜約400μmの厚さを有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の膜。
- 約1.1〜約100.0の孔径比を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の膜。
- 第1のゾーンが、0.2μm〜10.0μmの平均孔径を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の膜。
- 第2のゾーンが、0.01μm〜5.0μmの平均孔径を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の膜。
- ひだ状の膜を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の膜。
- 第1のゾーンから第2のゾーンに向かう方向において、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の膜に流体を通すステップを備える、流体を処理する方法。
- 膜に流体を通過させるステップを備える、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のポリマー、少なくとも1種の溶剤及び少なくとも1種の非溶剤を含む第1の溶液を調製するステップ、
少なくとも1種のポリマー、少なくとも1種の溶剤及び少なくとも1種の非溶剤を含む第2の溶液を調製するステップ、
第1の溶液をベルト上にキャスティングして、第1の層を形成するステップ、
第2の溶液を第1の層上にキャスティングして、空気に曝露される第2の層を形成するステップ、並びに
溶剤を除去して、膜を形成するステップ
を備える、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の膜を作製する方法。 - 少なくとも1種の溶液がポリスルホンを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の溶液がPVDFを含む、請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- 第1の溶液が、少なくとも1種の開始剤をさらに含む、請求項11〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 第2の溶液が、少なくとも1種の開始剤をさらに含む、請求項11〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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JP2007296525A (ja) * | 2000-05-24 | 2007-11-15 | Millipore Corp | 微孔質多層膜及びその形成方法 |
JP2007289886A (ja) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-11-08 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 高分子多孔質中空糸膜 |
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US9415347B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
AU2013200495B2 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
US9005496B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
US20130193075A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
CN105727765A (zh) | 2016-07-06 |
AU2013200495A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
NZ606407A (en) | 2014-08-29 |
TWI535564B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
KR20130089190A (ko) | 2013-08-09 |
BR102013002569A2 (pt) | 2014-10-21 |
KR101459523B1 (ko) | 2014-11-07 |
EP2623187A1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
US20150190756A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
JP5707596B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
CN103240010B (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
CN103240010A (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
TW201350331A (zh) | 2013-12-16 |
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