JP2013113073A - Vehicle for scraping and collecting surface layer soil and bucket - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicle for efficiently scraping surface layer soil thin and collecting it.SOLUTION: The vehicle for scraping and collecting the surface layer soil comprises: a bucket 11 which has an opening 13 for scraping and collecting the surface layer soil and a soil discharge port 97, and for which a horizontal width dimension W1 of the opening 13 is equal to or greater than a horizontal width dimension W2 of a vehicle 1; a bucket support part 5 which allows arrangement of the bucket 11 turning the opening 13 to the front side on the front side of the vehicle 1; a crusher 80 provided near the opening 13, for crushing the soil; a first carrier device 91 for carrying the soil collected at an inner back part of the bucket 11 to the discharge port 97; and a second carrier device 92 for carrying the soil carried to the discharge port 97 to the back part of the vehicle 1.

Description

  The present invention relates to a removal device that removes surface soil, and more particularly, to a removal device that removes surface soil while suppressing diffusion of the surface soil.

  Conventional surface soil removal devices generally use self-propelled construction machines or agricultural machines having tires or crawler belts. These removing devices are attached to the front end portion / rear end portion, or an intermediate portion between the front wheel and the rear wheel, such as a bucket or a drainage plate that can be attached to and detached from the front side with respect to the traveling direction. Hereinafter, the case where a bucket is attached to a construction machine will be described. The bucket is generally attached to be movable up and down by a hydraulic cylinder or the like.

  When removing the surface soil in the removal area, with a general bulldozer, loader or grader, the bucket is moved up and down, the edge part of the lower end is inserted into the surface soil, and the self-propelled construction machine The surface soil is separated from the underlying soil by advancing or retreating the whole, and stripped. Further, the surface soil is removed by scooping up the soil, pushing it in the direction of travel, or extruding it in one of the left and right directions. Then, the removed soil is collected by a loader or a hydraulic excavator or the like and carried out (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, in order to efficiently transport the soil removed using a backhoe hydraulic excavator to the rear transporter, an apron for sand removal is placed at the front end of the vehicle, and the rear end of the apron is placed sideways. There has been proposed an apparatus provided with a first screw conveyor and a second screw conveyor that is coupled in an L shape to the end of the first screw conveyor and conveys earth and sand to the rear portion of the backhoe hydraulic excavator ( For example, see Patent Document 2).

JP 2006-52595 A JP 2003-119822 A

  In recent years, there has been a demand for an efficient method and apparatus for stripping and removing only 2 to 3 cm from the surface of the surface soil in order to remove soil contaminated only by the surface layer. However, in the case of the conventional method of stripping the surface soil using a bucket attached to a self-propelled construction machine, etc., the surface soil stripping depth fluctuates within an error range of about 10 cm from the surface, and strips it thinly. It is difficult.

  Moreover, in the case of the conventional method, the operation | work for putting stripped surface layer soil on a conveyance vehicle etc. is required, work efficiency was bad, and work time was not able to be shortened. For example, using a bucket with a relatively small capacity with a power shovel or the like, a relatively small amount of surface soil is stripped, and each time the stripped soil is lifted, the arm is lifted and rotated, and the carrier bed of the transport vehicle is moved back and forth. A method of transporting surface soil is known. In this method, the amount of soil to be peeled off each time is small, and further, it is rotated and transferred each time. Therefore, it is difficult to improve the work efficiency.

  Also, with a general bulldozer, loader, grader, etc., once the self-propelled with the lower end of the bucket in contact with the ground, the surface soil is brought close to either the left or right end of the bucket and then accumulated. There is known a method of transporting the surface soil to a loading platform of a transport vehicle that is caused to follow again with a bulldozer or a power shovel. This method can increase the amount of soil that can be peeled off within a unit time, but after that, it is necessary to lift it again with a bulldozer or a power shovel and put it on a transport vehicle, thus improving work efficiency as well. It was difficult.

  For example, when the surface soil is contaminated and further dried, the surface soil is dissipated at the time of removal, which may cause a problem that the contamination of the surface soil is diffused. For example, when removing with a power shovel or the like, the dry soil rises and diffuses in the air during the stripping operation and when the surface soil is dropped on the loading platform of the transport vehicle. Also, when peeling off with a bulldozer etc., dry soil is in the air when it is brought close to either the left or right end of the bucket and when the accumulated soil is lifted and transported to the loading platform of the transport vehicle. Soaring and spreading.

  Moreover, in the apparatus of patent document 2, although it can be guessed that it can improve about the point where the efficiency which conveys soil with a backhoe type hydraulic power shovel is bad, the problem of peeling off only surface soil cannot be solved. Also, for example, when the soil contains a lot of plant roots, clogging of the soil may occur at the introduction to the screw conveyor or at the connection between two screw conveyors connected in an L shape. And has the problem of interrupting for maintenance of soil clogging.

  Therefore, the present invention can peel and remove only 2 to 3 cm from the surface of the surface soil, can efficiently transport the stripped soil, even if the soil contains a lot of roots of plants, the transport route is not clogged, An object of the present invention is to provide a surface soil stripping device and a bucket with less dust diffusion during transportation even during drying.

  (1) In order to solve the above-described problem, the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention is a vehicle that can travel at least forward, and is an opening for stripping and collecting the surface soil. And at least a drain outlet for the collected soil, a bucket having a lateral width dimension equal to or greater than a lateral width dimension of the vehicle, and a front side of the vehicle, wherein the opening is a front side And a bucket support portion that can arrange the bucket so that the bottom surface is grounded, and a crusher that is provided in the vicinity of an opening for stripping and collecting the bucket and crushing the stripped and collected soil A first transport device that is provided in an inner back portion of the bucket and transports the peeled and collected soil to the discharge port; and a second transport device that transports the soil transported to the discharge port to at least the rear portion of the vehicle. Transport And having a location, a.

  According to the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle of this embodiment, the width of the opening of the bucket is set to be equal to or larger than the width of the vehicle, and the crushing device, the first transport device, and the second transport device are included. The bucket does not dive from the surface soil too much and only 2 to 3 cm can be peeled off from the surface of the surface soil, the peeled soil can be transported efficiently, and the soil can be crushed even if the soil is clayy Therefore, the transportation route is not clogged, interruptions due to maintenance of soil clogging are reduced, and it is possible to provide a surface soil stripping device with less dust diffusion during transportation even during drying, and stripping and collecting surface soil The work can be made efficient and the continuity of the stripping and collecting work can be improved.

  (2) Preferably, in the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle of one embodiment of the present invention, the crushing device is configured by attaching a plurality of blades that do not contact the inner bottom surface and the top surface of the bucket to a rotating shaft. You may be made to do.

  In this embodiment, even if the soil contains many roots of plants that cannot be crushed by a normal crushing device, the conveyance path is not clogged, and interruptions for maintenance of clogging of the soil are reduced, and conveyance is also performed during drying. It is possible to provide a surface soil stripping device with little diffusion of dust.

  (3) Preferably, in the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, the crushing device crushes the stripped and collected soil, and the position of the first transport device with respect to the soil. You may make it provide the propulsive force which can be advanced to.

  In this embodiment, the crushing device not only crushes the soil, but can increase the rotation speed to give the soil a propulsive force that can proceed to the position of the first transport device, The remaining soil can be reduced.

  (4) Preferably, in the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle of one embodiment of the present invention, a guide plate for guiding the soil collected by stripping to the position of the first transport device is provided in the bucket. It may be provided.

  In the present embodiment, the soil crushed in the bucket is not only given a propulsive force but also guided to the position of the first transport device, so that it is reliably transported to the discharge port by the first transport device.

  (5) Preferably, the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle of one embodiment of the present invention may have a motor and a driving belt for driving both the crushing device and the first transport device.

  In this embodiment, since the crushing device and the first transport device can be driven together by a single motor and a driving belt, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  (6) Preferably, in the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle of one embodiment of the present invention, the blade of the crushing device may be a hammer knife.

  In this embodiment, by using a hammer knife as the blade of the crushing device, it is also possible to crush the surface soil solidified with roots that cannot be crushed with a normal blade.

  (7) Preferably, in the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle of one embodiment of the present invention, the first transport device may be a screw conveyor.

  In this embodiment, since the soil is transported to the discharge port of the bucket by the screw conveyor, it is possible to reliably transport even the clay soil containing water, and the amount of dust diffusion during transport can be reduced even in the dry soil.

  (8) Preferably, in the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, the screw conveyor of the first transport device is located at a position offset from one end of the screw shaft to the center of the shaft length or from the center to the left and right. The first screw conveyor that collects the soil and the second screw conveyor that collects the soil from the other end of the shaft to the center of the shaft length or a position biased to the left and right from the center may be integrated. .

  In this embodiment, by collecting soil in the middle of the axial length of the first screw conveyor, and discharging it to the second transport device from the discharge port, the amount of protrusion that the first screw conveyor jumps out to the side of the bucket can be reduced, The overall width of the apparatus can be reduced.

  (9) Preferably, in the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle of one embodiment of the present invention, the second transport device may be a screw conveyor.

  In this embodiment, since the soil is transported to the rear of the screw conveyor vehicle, it is possible to reliably transport even clay-like soil containing moisture, and it is possible to reduce the amount of dust diffusion during transport even in dry soil.

  (10) In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the bucket according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it is used for any of the above-mentioned surface soil stripping collection vehicles.

  According to the bucket of this embodiment, the lateral width dimension of the opening of the bucket is equal to or greater than the lateral width dimension of the vehicle, and the crushing device and the first transport device are provided, so that the bucket does not dive too much from the surface soil. Only 2 to 3 cm can be peeled off and removed from the surface of the soil, the peeled soil can be transported efficiently, and even if the soil is clayy, etc. containing a lot of water, the transport route is not clogged, Reduces interruptions due to clogging maintenance, provides a surface soil stripping device that reduces diffusion even when dry, improves surface soil stripping collection efficiency, and improves continuity of stripping collection work Can be made.

  According to the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle and the bucket of the present invention, the lateral width dimension of the opening of the bucket is equal to or greater than the lateral width dimension of the vehicle, and the crushing device, the first transport device, and the second transport device are provided. So, the surface of the surface soil can be peeled and removed so that the lower surface of the bucket is submerged in the soil about 2 to 3 cm from the ground surface, the peeled soil can be transported efficiently, and the transport path is not clogged, It is possible to provide an apparatus for stripping and collecting surface soil that is less diffused when dried.

It is a figure which shows the state which attached the bucket of 1st Embodiment of this invention to the front-end | tip part of the hydraulic shovel, (a) shows a front, (b) shows a side, (c) is a figure which shows an upper surface. is there. It is a figure which expands and shows the bucket of FIG. 1, (a) shows a front, (b) shows a side surface, (c) is a figure which shows an upper surface. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the bucket of 2nd Embodiment of this invention to the front-end | tip part of the hydraulic shovel, (a) shows a front, (b) shows a side, (c) is a figure which shows an upper surface. is there. It is a figure which expands and shows the bucket of FIG. 3, (a) shows a front, (b) shows a side, (c) is a figure which shows an upper surface. (A)-(d) is the photograph which shows the mode of the actual apparatus which prototyped the apparatus of FIG. (A)-(d) is the photograph which shows the mode of the actual bucket which produced the bucket of FIG. 4, and the conveying apparatus.

<First Embodiment>
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The vehicle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is obtained by adding the equipment of the present invention to a self-propelled construction machine or agricultural machine having a general tire or a crawler belt. FIG. 1 shows a case where the vehicle 1 is a hydraulic excavator. Therefore, the vehicle 1 can travel forward and can peel and collect the surface soil with a bucket portion such as an excavator, a loader, or a grader.

  The vehicle 1 supports a main body 2 including a driver's seat on which a driver is boarded and an engine that is a power source for driving each part and a traveling part 4 disposed on both the left and right sides, like a general hydraulic excavator. In addition, a chassis 3 that can rotate the main body 2 placed thereon as necessary, a traveling unit 4 that can travel on the ground with a tire or a crawler belt, and a front side of the vehicle 1 are provided. It has the bucket 11 which is attached to the front-end part of the arm part 5 used as the bucket support part which can be supported so that the bucket 11 to collect can be moved up and down at least, and collects soil.

  In addition, the vehicle 1 is disposed at the rear position of the back surface 90 of the main body 2 (for example, near the position of the counterweight), and power is supplied to the crushing device 80 and the bucket motor 84 and the vertical screw motor 94 of the first transport device 91. The generator 85 for supplying the soil, the soil container 96 for storing the collected soil arranged at the position of the counterweight in the same manner as the generator 85, and the soil container 96 are held so that they can be suspended at the rear part of the main body 2. A support frame 95 is provided.

  The bucket 11 is provided with an attachment portion 12 for connection with the arm 5, a bucket opening portion 13 provided on the front side of the bucket 11 (toward the traveling direction of the vehicle 1) and opened for collecting and collecting surface soil, and the bucket 11. Side plates 14 that cover the left and right side surfaces of the bucket 11, a bottom plate 15 that covers the bottom surface of the bucket 11, and a back plate 16 that covers the back surface of the bucket 11. The bucket opening 13 may be configured to cover the minimum area necessary for stripping the soil with a lid that can be freely opened and left in the lowermost part in the shape of a horizontal slit. And it has the horizontal direction screw discharge port 97 which discharges the soil which peeled off and collected by the protrusion part which protruded cylindrically from a part of the backplate 16 or the baseplate 15, a part of the sideplate 14, or the sideplate 14. . The protrusion will be described later in relation to the lateral screw conveyor 91. Further, the lateral width dimension W <b> 1 of the bucket opening 13 is equal to or larger than the lateral width dimension W <b> 2 between the outer end portions of the traveling unit 4 disposed on the left and right sides of the vehicle 1. The attachment portion 12 can attach the bucket 11 to the arm portion 5 by arranging the bucket 11 so that the bucket opening portion 13 faces the front side and the bottom surface 15 is grounded. The ground contact area of the bottom surface 15 is formed to have a size of about 2 to 3 cm so as not to dive in the soil even if it is cultivated soft surface layer soil such as cultivated land.

  Further, if the ground contact area of the bottom surface 15 is fixed to be wide, it becomes difficult to cope with surface soils of various hardness. Therefore, the ground contact area of the bottom surface 15 is made narrow so as to be relatively easy to dive in the soil. Instead of this, control wheels for stabilizing the posture of the bucket 11 and the rear end height at a predetermined value may be provided at the rear portions on both sides of the back plate 16 of the bucket 11. For example, the control wheel may be adjusted in height in units of 1 cm according to the state of soil softness. Moreover, it is preferable that a control wheel is installed inside the width dimension W1 of the bucket opening part 13, and is formed widely so that it may not dive even if it is soft soil.

  Inside the bucket 11, a hammer knife device 80 is provided in the vicinity of the bucket opening 13 as a crushing device for crushing the scraped and collected soil. By using a hammer knife as the crushing blade 82 of the crushing device, even if the soil contains many root portions of plants that cannot be crushed by a normal crushing device, it can be crushed and the conveyance path can be prevented from being clogged. As a result, interruptions due to maintenance of soil clogging are reduced, and it is possible to provide a surface soil stripping device that is less diffused during drying.

  The hammer knife device 80 is configured by attaching a plurality of crushing blades 82 to a rotating shaft 81, and each crushing blade 82 is attached so as not to contact the inner bottom surface 15 and the upper surface of the bucket 11, The crushing blade 82 turned downward is turned inward and the rotation speed is set high so as not to slow down. As a specific rotation speed of the hammer knife device, the rotation speed is generally set at any one of about 500 to 2000 rpm, so that the rotation speed is not made slower than, for example, 700 rpm. By setting the rotation direction and the rotation speed of the hammer knife device 80 in this way, the peeled and collected soil can be crushed and can proceed to the innermost part (preferably the innermost part) of the bucket 11 with respect to the soil. Propulsive force can be applied, whereby the soil remaining in the bucket 11 can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in the innermost part (the innermost part) of the bucket 11, the lateral screw conveyor 91 as a first conveying device that conveys the peeled and collected soil to the lateral screw discharge port 97, and the hammer knife device that is peeled and collected. A lower soil guide plate 19 and an upper soil guide plate 20 that guide the soil crushed at 80 to the position of the lateral screw conveyor 91 are provided. In the lateral screw conveyor 91, the periphery of the screw body is substantially cylindrical due to the back plate 16, the lower soil guide plate 19, the upper soil guide plate 20, and their extending portions, but a part of the side is a long side. It is covered with an open shape so that the soil can be cut in the direction. The lower side of the cylindrical shape is a semi-cylindrical shape or an arc groove shape obtained by dividing the cylinder in the vertical direction at an arbitrary position, collected from the bucket opening 13, and advanced to the innermost part (the innermost part) by the hammer knife device 80. The caused soil is gradually conveyed to the lateral screw discharge port 97 and discharged as the screw body rotates. In the present embodiment, the lateral screw discharge port 97 of the lateral screw conveyor 91 is provided on the lower side of the protruding portion that protrudes outward in a cylindrical shape from the side plate 14 of the bucket 11, and is peeled off and collected from the lateral screw discharge port 97. The soil is discharged and falls.

  Therefore, the soil that has been crushed and guided by the hammer knife device 80 and advanced to the innermost part (the innermost part) and has reached the position of the lateral screw conveyor 91 reaches the lateral screw discharge port 97 by the lateral screw conveyor 91. It is reliably conveyed and discharged out of the bucket.

  Moreover, when the soil is transported to the lateral screw discharge port 97 of the bucket 11 by using the first transport device as the lateral screw conveyor 91, it is possible to reliably transport even heavy clay clay soil containing water. On the contrary, the amount of diffusion in the case of soil that is easily dried and scattered can be reduced.

  A bucket motor 84 for driving both the hammer knife device 80 and the lateral screw conveyor 91 is provided in the outer space of the outer periphery of the bucket 11 or in the interior thereof. Further, the rotating shaft of the bucket motor 84 and the hammer knife device 80 are provided. A drive belt 83 such as a V-belt is hung so as to straddle the rotation shaft 81 and the lateral screw shaft 93 of the lateral screw conveyor 91. Thus, by driving the hammer knife device 80 and the lateral screw conveyor 91 together with the single motor 84 and the driving belt 83, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, in order to protect the shaft of the motor 84, the rotating shaft 81, the lateral screw shaft 93, and the drive belt 83, a cover that covers the outside thereof may be provided.

  A vertical screw conveyor 92 is provided as a second conveying device for conveying the soil conveyed to the lateral screw discharge port 97 and discharged onto the soil container 96 at the rear of the vehicle 1. The vertical screw conveyor 92 has a vertical screw receiving port 98 at one end position facing the horizontal screw discharge port 97, and a vertical screw motor 94 and a vertical screw discharge port at the other end position. 99. The vertical screw conveyor 92 is covered with a cylindrical shape except for the vertical screw receiving port 98 and the vertical screw discharge port 99, and is slanted so as to be higher as it goes rearward. Has been placed. Thus, the soil discharged from the lateral screw discharge port 97 and received by the vertical screw receiving port 98 rotates the screw main body, so that the inside of the vertical screw conveyor 92 is moved to the soil container 96 at the rear portion of the vehicle 1. It is gradually conveyed to a vertical screw discharge port 99 disposed at the top of the slag and discharged, and falls into the soil container 96 and accumulates. In this way, by transporting the soil to the rear of the vehicle 1 by the vertical screw conveyor 92, it is possible to reliably transport even the clay soil containing moisture, and the amount of diffusion of dust when transporting even the dry soil Can be reduced.

  An edge plate 17 is attached to an end of the bottom plate 15 of the bucket 11 of the present embodiment on the bucket opening 13 side so that the bottom surface and the bottom surface of the bottom plate 15 are flush with each other. The front end portion of the edge plate 17 is provided with an inclined portion whose side section is inclined, for example, like a piece crush blade. In another way, the edge plate 17 is grounded so that its thickness increases as it moves backward from the front end so that the area of the lower side of the inclined portion is wider and the area of the edge plate 17 is narrower toward the upper side.

  The edge plate 17 installed on the bottom surface of the bucket 11 of the present embodiment is formed to have a width dimension larger than W1 so as to have protrusions 18 protruding from the side plates 14 at both side ends. Since this projecting portion 18 projects outward from the side plate 14 of the bucket 11, it can be visually recognized by a driver in the driver's seat of the main body 2, so that the thickness of the soil on the surface layer peeled off by the edge plate 17 is controlled. Can confirm.

  Further, the protruding portion 18 is not limited to the case where the width direction of the edge plate 17 is extended beyond the actual width, and a protruding portion separately formed on the side plate 14 of the bucket 11 may be attached. Further, the side plate 14 may be provided with a thickness scale so that not only the protruding portion but also the peeled thickness of the surface soil can be easily recognized. Further, an attachment portion may be provided for each division of the depth scale so that the protrusion is attached, and the operator can recognize that the protrusion satisfies the peeling thickness and can be recognized by the operator.

  Such a crushing device 80 of the present embodiment, the first transport device 91 and the bucket 11 including the bucket motor 84, the vertical screw conveyor 92, the soil container 96, and the like are generally self-propelled such as a hydraulic excavator. By using the vehicle 1 which is a construction machine or an agricultural machine of the type, it is possible to improve the efficiency of stripping and collecting work of the surface soil, and to improve the continuity of the stripping and collecting work.

  Further, according to the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle 1 of the present embodiment, the bucket 11 is formed such that the lateral width W1 of the opening 13 is equal to or larger than the lateral width W2 of the vehicle 1, and the crushing device 80 and Since it has the 1st conveyance apparatus 91 and the 2nd conveyance apparatus 92, it can peel and collect and remove only 2-3 cm from the surface of surface soil, for example, without the bucket 11 diving too much from surface soil. Moreover, according to the vehicle 1 of the present embodiment, the peeled soil can be transported efficiently, and even if the soil is clayy or the like containing a lot of moisture, the transport path is not clogged, and the soil is clogged. It is possible to provide a surface soil stripping device that is less interrupted for maintenance and has less diffusion even during drying.

Second Embodiment
In the first embodiment described above, one end portion of the first transfer device 91 is protruded to the outside of the side plate 14 of the bucket 11. However, the surface soil removal work may be performed in a narrow area, and in that case, the width of the vehicle is preferably narrower. Therefore, in 2nd Embodiment, the clearance gap between the lower soil guide board 19 and the bottom board 15 of a bucket is reduced so that the 1st conveying apparatus 91 may be settled in the width dimension W1 of the opening part 13 of the bucket 11, and the bottom board 15 A portion of the back plate 16 side of the second plate is gradually floated as the bottom plate skewing portion 21 so that the vertical screw receiving port 98 at one end of the second conveying device 92 is accommodated below the horizontal screw conveyor 91. .

  Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the position of the lateral screw discharge port 97 of the first conveying device 91 is also set within the lateral width W1 of the opening 13 of the bucket 11. When the position of the lateral screw discharge port 97 is the endmost portion of the bucket 11, the direction of the spiral of the screw body of the lateral screw conveyor 91 may remain in one direction, but the position of the lateral screw discharge port 97 is When the lateral width of the bucket 11 is slightly closer to the center, that is, when the center of the axial length of the screw shaft 93 or a position deviated from the center to the left and right, the spiral of the screw body of the lateral screw conveyor 91 is The screw is divided into two at the position of the screw discharge port 97, and the spiral directions of the respective sides are oppositely formed so that the soil gathers at the position of the lateral screw discharge port 97. In this case, the screw body of the lateral screw conveyor 91 includes a first screw portion 91a that collects soil from one end of the screw shaft 93 to the center of the axial length or a position that is biased to the left and right from the center, and the axial length from the other end of the shaft 93. The second screw portion 91 b that collects soil at the center or a position that is biased to the left and right from the center is integrated on the shaft 93.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the first screw conveyor 91 is collected in the middle of the axial length of the first screw conveyor 91 and discharged from the lateral screw discharge port 97 to the second conveying device 92 so that the first screw conveyor 91 is in the bucket 11. The amount of protrusion that protrudes outside the side plate 14 can be reduced, and the lateral width of the entire apparatus can be reduced.

<Application example>
In addition, by applying this embodiment, the edge plate 17 is positioned so that the position of the front end portion of the edge plate 17 substantially coincides with the position when the tip of the crushing blade 82 of the hammer knife device 80 reaches the lowest point. 17 and the hammer knife device 80 may be adjusted in size and mounting position. This is because when the crushing blade 82 is rotated close to the edge plate 17 and the crushing blade 82 is rotated at a high speed, the rotating crushing blade 82 becomes a kind of wall, and soil may accumulate or remain before that. It is.

  When adjusting the dimensions and mounting positions of the edge plate 17 and the hammer knife device 80, more specifically, the width dimensions of the edge plate 17 and the bottom plate 15 are adjusted to match the length of the blade and the position of the outermost periphery to reach the hammer knife. The position where the device 80 is attached to the side plate 14 of the bucket 11 is adjusted. In the adjustment, the distance between the position when the tip of the crushing blade 82 reaches the lowest point and the closest part (front end) of the edge plate 17 is set to be minimum. By setting the interval to the minimum in this way, the crushing blade 82 rotating on the edge plate 17 becomes a wall, so that no soil accumulates or remains before it, and the surface soil is peeled off and collected. The work can be made more efficient, and the efficiency of the stripping and collecting work can be further improved.

  When the interval is set to the minimum, it is set so as not to come into contact even if various usage conditions are taken into consideration. Considering various usage conditions, for example, (a) Shake or vibration occurs due to eccentricity between the axis of the hammer knife and the rotation center, and (b) the shaft expands in the radial direction due to heat, etc. during rotation. Or the blade expands in the length direction, (c) the gap between the shaft and the blade is reduced by centrifugal force or the like, the blade is deformed or the blade material itself is extended, (d) Shafts, blades, and connecting parts are worn or lost due to rotation or use, (e) material is deformed or changes in dimensions due to use or storage over time, and (f) the outer shape of the bucket is subjected to its own weight or external impact. Deformation or dimensional change due to impact stress, etc., and (f) taking into account the safety factor obtained from calculations or experiments / experiences in preparation for unforeseen circumstances, taking into account the minimum interval, etc. .

  In each of the above embodiments, the case where the first conveying device 91 and the second conveying device 92 are screw conveyors has been described. However, a belt conveyor may be used as long as soil can be conveyed, A flexible type may be used, and a transfer device using a vacuum pump may be used. Further, in each of the above embodiments, the case of removing the surface soil on a flat ground has been described, but the surface soil stripping collection vehicle and bucket of the present invention are not limited to this, for example, on slopes / slopes and hilly areas. Even when the surface soil is peeled off and collected, for example, the degree of freedom of the upper surface of the bucket, the arm, and the connecting portion can be increased, and a hydraulic cylinder can be arranged between the connecting portions. In addition, the surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle of the present invention can efficiently collect buried seeds buried in the surface soil, and can separate the soil into layers of several centimeters according to the purpose. Is possible.

1 Excavator (vehicle),
2 body,
3 chassis,
4 running section,
5 Arm part,
11 buckets,
12 Mounting part,
13 Bucket opening,
14 side plate,
15 Bottom plate,
16 Backboard,
17 (bottom opening side end) edge plate,
18 (bottom side end) protrusion,
19 Lower soil guide plate,
20 Upper soil guide plate,
21 Slope of bottom plate,
80 Hammer knife device (crushing device),
81 crushing blade rotation axis,
82 crushing blade,
83 Driving belt 84 Bucket motor,
85 generator,
90 main body rear surface 91 1st conveyance apparatus (sideways screw conveyor),
91a First screw portion 91a,
91b Second screw part 91b
92 Second conveying device (vertical screw conveyor),
93 Lateral screw shaft,
94 Longitudinal screw motor,
95 support frame,
96 soil containers,
97 Lateral screw outlet,
98 Longitudinal screw receiving port,
99 Longitudinal screw outlet,
W1 Bucket width dimension W2 Hydraulic excavator width dimension W11 Lateral screw first part W12 Lateral screw second part.

Claims (10)

A vehicle that can travel at least forward,
A bucket having at least an opening for stripping and collecting the surface soil, and an outlet of the soil that has been peeled and collected, and a width of the opening is equal to or greater than a width of the vehicle;
A bucket support that is provided on the front side of the vehicle and that can position the bucket so that the opening is directed to the front side and the bottom surface is grounded;
A crushing device provided in the vicinity of the opening for stripping and collecting the bucket, and crushing the stripped and collected soil;
A first transport device that is provided in an inner back portion of the bucket and transports the collected and peeled soil to the discharge port;
A second transport device for transporting the soil transported to the discharge port to at least the rear of the vehicle;
A vehicle for removing and collecting surface soil. 2. The surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the crushing device includes a plurality of blades that are not in contact with a bottom surface and an upper surface inside the bucket and are attached to a rotating shaft. The crushing device crushes the stripped and collected soil, and applies a propulsive force capable of proceeding to the position of the first transport device to the soil. A vehicle for stripping and collecting surface soil. 4. The surface soil stripping and collecting vehicle according to claim 3, wherein a guide plate that guides the soil that has been stripped and collected to the position of the first transport device is provided inside the bucket. 5. The surface soil removal and collection vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a motor and a driving belt for driving both the crushing device and the first transport device. The surface soil removal and collection vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the blade of the crushing device is a hammer knife. The said 1st conveying apparatus is a screw conveyor. The peeling soil collection vehicle of surface layer soil of any one of Claims 1-6 characterized by the above-mentioned. The screw conveyor of the first transport device is a first screw conveyor that collects soil at a position that is offset from the center of the screw shaft to the center or the center of the shaft length, and the center of the shaft length or the center from the other end of the shaft. It is the structure integrated with the 2nd screw conveyor which collects the soil in the position biased to right and left from The surface soil stripping collection vehicle according to claim 7 characterized by things. The said 2nd conveying apparatus is a screw conveyor. The stripping-off collection vehicle of the surface soil of any one of Claims 1-8 characterized by the above-mentioned. It is used for the peeling collection vehicle of any one of Claims 1-9. The bucket characterized by the above-mentioned.