JP2013111559A - Pretreating apparatus for supplying seawater to apparatus desalting or concentrating salt in seawater by using film - Google Patents

Pretreating apparatus for supplying seawater to apparatus desalting or concentrating salt in seawater by using film Download PDF

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JP2013111559A
JP2013111559A JP2011262507A JP2011262507A JP2013111559A JP 2013111559 A JP2013111559 A JP 2013111559A JP 2011262507 A JP2011262507 A JP 2011262507A JP 2011262507 A JP2011262507 A JP 2011262507A JP 2013111559 A JP2013111559 A JP 2013111559A
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seawater
pretreatment
sand filter
biofilm
filtration
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Masayuki Tabata
雅之 田畑
Katsunori Matsui
克憲 松井
Yoshiaki Ito
嘉晃 伊藤
Kazuhisa Takeuchi
和久 竹内
Yasuhide Aida
康秀 合田
Takeshi Ishii
健 石井
Masahiro Kishi
岸  正弘
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AQUA SYSTEMS KK
NAIKAI SALT IND CO Ltd
NAIKAI SALT INDUSTRIES CO Ltd
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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AQUA SYSTEMS KK
NAIKAI SALT IND CO Ltd
NAIKAI SALT INDUSTRIES CO Ltd
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131Reverse-osmosis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pretreating apparatus capable of reducing a water production cost containing a running cost without using chemicals.SOLUTION: The apparatus 10 for pretreating seawater fed to an apparatus 16 for removing or concentrating salt in seawater by membrane filtration is characterized by including a biofilm 17 comprising a particle filtering material and removing fine particles in seawater and also removing BOD components by passing seawater.

Description

本発明は、海水中の塩分を膜ろ過により除去し、又は濃縮させる装置における前処理装置及び前処理方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a pretreatment apparatus and a pretreatment method in an apparatus for removing or concentrating salt in seawater by membrane filtration.

近年、世界的な水不足から海水を淡水化する市場が急拡大しており、海水淡水化システムの建設が進められている。海水淡水化システムにおいては、膜を用いて海水中の塩分を除去して淡水を生成するろ過装置が使用されており、このろ過技術は、大規模海水淡水化において主要技術となっている。海水淡水化に用いるろ過装置としては、逆浸透膜、NF膜、電気透析膜等が知られている。
ここで、このようなろ過装置を使用する淡水化処理においては、前処理として懸濁物の除去や微生物の除去などの前処理が行われる。この前処理が不完全であると、ろ過装置の透水性能が低下する現象、所謂ファウリング現象が問題となる。
In recent years, the seawater desalination market is rapidly expanding due to a global water shortage, and the construction of seawater desalination systems is being promoted. In a seawater desalination system, a filtration device that uses a membrane to remove salt in seawater to generate fresh water is used, and this filtration technology is a major technology in large-scale seawater desalination. Known filtration devices for seawater desalination include reverse osmosis membranes, NF membranes, electrodialysis membranes, and the like.
Here, in the desalination treatment using such a filtration device, pretreatment such as removal of suspended matter or removal of microorganisms is performed as pretreatment. If this pretreatment is incomplete, the so-called fouling phenomenon that the water permeation performance of the filtration device is lowered becomes a problem.

次に、主なファウリング現象について説明する。
ファウリング現象の一つ目は、海水中の微粒子やコロイドが、膜面や海水流路へ付着する現象である。海水中の微粒子やコロイドが膜面に沈着付着すると、水の透過や排除した塩の拡散の障害となり、膜性能が低下する。
Next, the main fouling phenomenon will be described.
The first fouling phenomenon is a phenomenon in which fine particles and colloids in seawater adhere to the membrane surface and the seawater channel. When fine particles or colloids in seawater are deposited on the membrane surface, it interferes with the permeation of water and the diffusion of excluded salts, resulting in a decrease in membrane performance.

海水中の微粒子やコロイドを除去するための具体的な処理法としては、凝集剤を利用するろ材ろ過や、MF,UF等の膜ろ過や、これらの方法に、DAF(Dissolved Air Floatation、溶解空気浮遊法)等の補助手段をつけたものがあり、現在、汚染の激しい水では、DAF+膜ろ過が主流となっている。   Specific treatment methods for removing fine particles and colloids in sea water include filter media filtration using a flocculant, membrane filtration such as MF and UF, and DAF (Dissolved Air Floatation, dissolved air). There are those with auxiliary means such as the floating method). Currently, DAF + membrane filtration is the mainstream for highly contaminated water.

ファウリング現象の二つ目は、海水中の微生物(藻類や貝類を含む)の繁殖や付着、いわゆる、バイオファウリングである。
バイオファウリング対策としては、塩素(Cl)または類似の化合物の添加による殺菌が主流である。ただし、ほとんどの膜が塩素により化学変化を起こすので、膜処理の前に還元剤を入れて分解する必要がある。しかし、分解不完全で膜が損傷することがある。また、海水中の有機物と反応して、トリハロメタンやブロム酸化合物等の発がん性物質を生成することがある。
The second fouling phenomenon is the so-called biofouling, which is the propagation and adhesion of microorganisms (including algae and shellfish) in seawater.
As a measure against biofouling, sterilization by adding chlorine (Cl 2 ) or a similar compound is mainly used. However, since most membranes undergo chemical changes due to chlorine, it is necessary to decompose them with a reducing agent before membrane treatment. However, incomplete decomposition can damage the membrane. In addition, it may react with organic substances in seawater to produce carcinogenic substances such as trihalomethanes and bromic acid compounds.

ファウリング現象の三つ目は、海水中に含まれる塩類の濃縮に伴う析出(スケーリング発生)によるものである。
この現象は、海水中の無機イオン、特にカルシュームイオンの濃度に依存するため、pH調節のための酸や、スケーリング防止剤(スケーリングの抑制)の注入が必要となる。
The third fouling phenomenon is due to precipitation (scaling) accompanying the concentration of salts contained in seawater.
Since this phenomenon depends on the concentration of inorganic ions, particularly calcium ions, in seawater, it is necessary to inject an acid for pH adjustment and a scaling inhibitor (suppression of scaling).

ろ過装置の前処理装置及び前処理方法として、海水中の懸濁物除去用の砂ろ過器と、砂ろ過器を通過した海水中の微生物を殺菌するための紫外線殺菌装置とを具備するものがある(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
特許文献1に記載された海水淡水化装置は、海水中の有機物の低減用の生物活性炭塔と、この塔を通過した海水中の微生物を殺菌するための紫外線殺菌装置とを具備している。
As a pretreatment device and pretreatment method for a filtration device, a device equipped with a sand filter for removing suspended matter in seawater and an ultraviolet sterilizer for sterilizing microorganisms in seawater that has passed through the sand filter. Yes (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
The seawater desalination apparatus described in Patent Document 1 includes a biological activated carbon tower for reducing organic matter in seawater and an ultraviolet sterilizer for sterilizing microorganisms in seawater that has passed through the tower.

特開2004−25018号公報JP-A-2004-25018

特許文献1は、砂ろ過器を使用して懸濁物質と有機物とを除去し、バイオファウリングを防止することを目的としており、紫外線及び活性炭塔を使用して有機物を除去する。このため、特許文献1は、設備が複雑になって経済的に不利である。また、特許文献1において、バイオファウリングの原因は、微生物を栄養源とするBOD成分の除去が必要であるが、活性炭は低分子量の有機物の除去性能が低い。
従って、特許文献1は、経済的に不利であるとともに、低分子量の有機物を除去し難い。
このように、近年の技術では、イオン交換膜の前処理として無薬注による不完全な生物膜ろ過が行われており、膜の汚染やそれによる膜の損傷を防止できていない。
Patent Document 1 aims to remove suspended substances and organic substances using a sand filter to prevent biofouling, and removes organic substances using ultraviolet rays and an activated carbon tower. For this reason, Patent Document 1 is economically disadvantageous because the facilities are complicated. Moreover, in Patent Document 1, the cause of biofouling requires removal of BOD components using microorganisms as nutrients, but activated carbon has low performance for removing low molecular weight organic substances.
Therefore, Patent Document 1 is economically disadvantageous and difficult to remove low molecular weight organic substances.
As described above, in recent technologies, incomplete biofilm filtration by non-chemical injection is performed as a pretreatment of the ion exchange membrane, and it is not possible to prevent membrane contamination and membrane damage due to it.

ところで、特許文献1と同様に、砂ろ過器を使用したろ過装置の前処理装置及び前処理方法が提案されている。
図2に示すように、このようなろ過装置の前処理方法を実行する前処理装置100は、取水した海水に、滅菌剤として塩素(Cl)を添加するとともに、塩化第二鉄(FeCl)の凝集剤を添加した後、pH調整用の硫酸(HSO)を添加する。
次に、膜処理用給水の前処理方法を実行する前処理装置100は、砂ろ過器101により汚濁物質を除去する。ここで、濁質の捕捉に伴って活性炭塔の差圧が上昇してくるので、逆洗ポンプ102を駆動して逆洗を随時行う。
By the way, like patent document 1, the pre-processing apparatus and pre-processing method of the filtration apparatus which use a sand filter are proposed.
As shown in FIG. 2, the pretreatment apparatus 100 that executes such a pretreatment method for a filtration apparatus adds chlorine (Cl) as a sterilizing agent to the taken-in seawater and ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ). Then, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) for adjusting pH is added.
Next, the pretreatment apparatus 100 that executes the pretreatment method of the membrane treatment water supply uses the sand filter 101 to remove contaminants. Here, since the differential pressure of the activated carbon tower increases with the trapping of the turbidity, the backwash pump 102 is driven to perform backwash as needed.

続いて、ろ過装置の前処理方法を実行する前処理装置100は、膜の酸化劣化の防止のために重亜硫酸ソーダ(SBS)の還元剤を添加し、高圧ポンプ103により海水淡水化逆浸透膜(SWRO)104においてろ過する。
そして、ろ過装置の前処理方法を実行する前処理装置100は、真水と濃縮海水とに分離することにより真水を得る。
しかし、このような従来のろ過装置の前処理方法を実行する前処理装置100は、凝集剤等の薬品を添加しているために、処理全体としてのランニングコストが増大する。
Subsequently, the pretreatment apparatus 100 that executes the pretreatment method of the filtration apparatus adds a reducing agent of sodium bisulfite (SBS) to prevent oxidative deterioration of the membrane, and the seawater desalination reverse osmosis membrane by the high-pressure pump 103. Filter at (SWRO) 104.
And the pre-processing apparatus 100 which performs the pre-processing method of a filtration apparatus obtains fresh water by isolate | separating into fresh water and concentrated seawater.
However, since the pretreatment device 100 that executes such a conventional pretreatment method for a filtration device is added with a chemical such as a flocculant, the running cost of the entire treatment increases.

本発明は、前述した課題を解決するためになされたものであり、その目的は、薬品を用いることがないので、ランニングコストを含む造水コストを低減できるろ過装置の前処理装置及び前処理方法を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the object thereof is to avoid the use of chemicals. Therefore, the pretreatment device and pretreatment method for a filtration device that can reduce fresh water costs including running costs are provided. Is to provide.

上記の目的を達成するために、この発明は以下の手段を提供している。
本発明のろ過装置の前処理装置は、海水中の塩分を膜ろ過により除去し、又は濃縮させるに当たって、海水の前処理を行う装置の前処理装置であって、粒子状ろ材で構成され、海水を通水することで海水中の微粒子を除去するろ過器本体と、前記ろ過器本体のろ材の表面上に形成され、BOD成分を除去する生物膜とを備えることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following means.
The pretreatment device of the filtration device of the present invention is a pretreatment device of a device for pretreatment of seawater in removing or concentrating salt in seawater by membrane filtration, and is composed of a particulate filter medium. It comprises a filter body that removes fine particles in seawater by passing water, and a biofilm that is formed on the surface of the filter medium of the filter body and removes BOD components.

上記構成によれば、薬品を用いることがないので、ランニングコストを含む造水コストを低減できるという効果を奏する。   According to the said structure, since a chemical | medical agent is not used, there exists an effect that the fresh water cost including a running cost can be reduced.

上記前処理装置において、停止中に、通水により酸素を供給する酸素供給手段を備えることが好ましい。   The pretreatment apparatus preferably includes an oxygen supply means for supplying oxygen by passing water during the stoppage.

上記構成によれば、長期間停止後の海水の嫌気性を抑制でき、再起動時に水質が悪化することを防止することができる。   According to the said structure, the anaerobic property of the seawater after a long-term stop can be suppressed, and it can prevent that water quality deteriorates at the time of restart.

本発明の前処理方法は、海水中の塩分を膜ろ過により除去し、又は濃縮させるに当たって、海水の前処理を行う装置の前処理方法であって、粒子状ろ材で構成されたろ過器本体の前記ろ材の表面に生物膜を形成する工程と、前記ろ過器本体に海水を通水することで海水中の微粒子を除去するとともに、前記生物膜によりBOD成分を除去する工程とを有することを特徴とする。   The pretreatment method of the present invention is a pretreatment method for a device for pretreatment of seawater in removing or concentrating salt in seawater by membrane filtration, and is a filter body composed of a particulate filter medium. Forming a biofilm on the surface of the filter medium, and removing fine particles in the seawater by passing seawater through the filter body, and removing a BOD component by the biofilm. And

上記前処理方法において、停止中に、通水により酸素を供給することが好ましい。   In the pretreatment method, it is preferable to supply oxygen by passing water during the stop.

本発明に係るろ過装置の前処理装置及び前処理方法によれば、薬品を用いることがないので、ランニングコストを含む造水コストを低減できるという効果を奏する。   According to the pretreatment device and pretreatment method of the filtration device according to the present invention, since no chemical is used, there is an effect that the fresh water cost including the running cost can be reduced.

本発明に係る一実施形態のろ過装置の前処理装置及び前処理方法のフロー図である。It is a flowchart of the pre-processing apparatus and pre-processing method of the filtration apparatus of one Embodiment which concerns on this invention. 従来のろ過装置の前処理装置及び前処理方法のフロー図である。It is a flowchart of the pre-processing apparatus and pre-processing method of the conventional filtration apparatus.

以下、本発明に係る一実施形態のろ過装置の前処理装置及び前処理方法について図面を参照して説明する。
図1に示すように、本発明に係る一実施形態のろ過装置の前処理方法を実行する前処理装置10は、一次砂ろ過器11と、第一逆洗ポンプ12と、二次砂ろ過器13と、第二逆洗ポンプ14と、高圧ポンプ15と、電気透析膜16と、から主として構成される。
Hereinafter, a pretreatment device and a pretreatment method of a filtration device of one embodiment concerning the present invention are explained with reference to drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a pretreatment device 10 that executes a pretreatment method for a filtration device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a primary sand filter 11, a first backwash pump 12, and a secondary sand filter. 13, a second backwash pump 14, a high-pressure pump 15, and an electrodialysis membrane 16.

一次砂ろ過器11は、生物膜17が砂表面に形成されたろ過器であり、不図示の取水ポンプにより取水した海水が送給される。
二次砂ろ過器13は、一次砂ろ過器11と同様に、生物膜17が砂表面に形成されたろ過器であり、一次砂ろ過器11の下流側に配置されることにより、一次ろ過器11がろ過したろ過水を再ろ過する。
The primary sand filter 11 is a filter in which a biofilm 17 is formed on the sand surface, and seawater taken by a water intake pump (not shown) is supplied.
Similar to the primary sand filter 11, the secondary sand filter 13 is a filter in which a biofilm 17 is formed on the surface of the sand. The filtered water filtered by 11 is refiltered.

また、前処理装置10は、一次砂ろ過器11の上流に酸素を供給する酸素供給装置18を備えている。酸素供給装置18は、一次砂ろ過器11及び二次砂ろ過器13に酸素を供給する装置であり、前処理装置10の停止中においても砂ろ過器に酸素を供給することができる。
これにより、一次砂ろ過器11及び二次砂ろ過器13は、好気性微生物が増殖してろ材表面の生物膜17が成長し、この生物膜17によって海水中の有機物質を分解除去し、同時に懸濁物質もろ過機能によって除去できる。
生物膜17が砂表面において成長する一次砂ろ過器11及び二次砂ろ過器13は、海水中の有害成分であるSDI(Silt Density Index、汚れ指数)成分(微粒子やコロイド粒子)とバイオファウリングの原因となるBOD成分を、砂表面に生存する生物膜17で適切に除去することができる。
The pretreatment device 10 includes an oxygen supply device 18 that supplies oxygen upstream of the primary sand filter 11. The oxygen supply device 18 is a device that supplies oxygen to the primary sand filter 11 and the secondary sand filter 13, and can supply oxygen to the sand filter even when the pretreatment device 10 is stopped.
As a result, the primary sand filter 11 and the secondary sand filter 13 grow aerobic microorganisms and grow a biofilm 17 on the surface of the filter medium. The biofilm 17 decomposes and removes organic substances in seawater. Suspended material can also be removed by filtration function.
The primary sand filter 11 and the secondary sand filter 13 in which the biofilm 17 grows on the sand surface are SDI (Silt Density Index) components (fine particles and colloidal particles) and biofouling that are harmful components in seawater. The BOD component causing the above can be appropriately removed by the biofilm 17 that survives on the sand surface.

除去に必要な砂表面上の生物膜17の生成と保存法としては、以下の手段をとる。
手段の一つ目は、生物膜17が不足した場合に、その原因を調査し、不足する栄養剤、リン、窒素などを一次砂ろ過器11および二次砂ろ過器13の入口に注入して生物膜を補給することである。
手段の二つ目は、第一逆洗ポンプ12及び第二逆洗ポンプ14による逆流洗浄(逆洗)に伴い生物膜17の剥離を管理することにより、膜量を適切に維持することである。
手段の三つ目は、生物膜17が過剰になった場合、逆流洗浄を利用して削除することである。
手段の四つ目は、生物膜17の量や状態を監視するための手段を設けることである。
監視する手段としては、SDIの測定、逆洗排水の濁度測定、装置入口出口の酸素消費量(BOD)の連続測定である。
As a method for generating and storing the biofilm 17 on the sand surface necessary for removal, the following measures are taken.
The first of the means is to investigate the cause when the biofilm 17 is insufficient, and inject the nutrients, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc. that are insufficient to the inlets of the primary sand filter 11 and the secondary sand filter 13. It is to replenish the biofilm.
The second means is to appropriately maintain the amount of the membrane by managing the separation of the biofilm 17 along with the backwash (backwash) by the first backwash pump 12 and the second backwash pump 14. .
The third means is to remove the biofilm 17 by using backwashing when the biofilm 17 becomes excessive.
The fourth means is to provide a means for monitoring the amount and state of the biofilm 17.
As means for monitoring, SDI measurement, turbidity measurement of backwash waste water, and continuous measurement of oxygen consumption (BOD) at the inlet / outlet of the apparatus.

電気透析膜(ED)16は、高圧ポンプ15により圧送されてきたろ過水の脱塩処理を行う。
このとき、電気透析膜16は、陽イオンのみを透過できる陽イオン交換膜と陰イオンのみを透過できる陰イオン交換膜を交互に配列している。
電気透析膜16は、陽イオン交換膜と陰イオン交換膜の両端より直流電流を流すことにより、水中に溶存しているイオンが移動し、脱塩及び濃縮を行ない、ミネラル脱塩水及びED濃縮水を生成する。
電気透析膜16により得られたミネラル脱塩水は、かん水タンクに貯蔵され、ED濃縮水は、他の工程に送られる。
The electrodialysis membrane (ED) 16 performs desalting treatment of the filtered water that has been pumped by the high-pressure pump 15.
At this time, in the electrodialysis membrane 16, a cation exchange membrane capable of transmitting only cations and an anion exchange membrane capable of transmitting only anions are alternately arranged.
The electrodialysis membrane 16 causes ions dissolved in water to move by flowing a direct current from both ends of the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane, and desalting and concentration are performed. Is generated.
The mineral demineralized water obtained by the electrodialysis membrane 16 is stored in a brine tank, and the ED concentrated water is sent to another process.

次に、ろ過装置の前処理方法について説明する。
取水ポンプにより取水した海水が一次砂ろ過器11に送給され、一次砂ろ過器11により汚濁物質を除去する。一次砂ろ過器11を通過した海水は、一次ろ過水となって二次砂ろ過器13に送給する。
このとき、一次砂ろ過器11の砂表面において成長する生物膜17により、海水中の有害成分であるSDI成分(微粒子やコロイド粒子)とバイオファウリングの原因となるBOD成分を適切に除去する。
そして、濁質の捕捉に伴って活性炭塔の差圧が上昇してくるので、第一逆洗ポンプ12を駆動して逆洗を随時行う。
Next, a pretreatment method for the filtration device will be described.
Seawater taken by the water intake pump is fed to the primary sand filter 11, and pollutants are removed by the primary sand filter 11. Seawater that has passed through the primary sand filter 11 is supplied to the secondary sand filter 13 as primary filtered water.
At this time, the biofilm 17 growing on the sand surface of the primary sand filter 11 appropriately removes SDI components (fine particles and colloidal particles) that are harmful components in seawater and BOD components that cause biofouling.
And since the differential pressure | voltage of an activated carbon tower rises with trapping of turbidity, the 1st backwash pump 12 is driven and backwashing is performed at any time.

二次砂ろ過器13に送給された一次ろ過水は、二次砂ろ過器13により汚濁物質を除去する。
このとき、二次砂ろ過器13の砂表面において成長する生物膜17により、一次ろ過水中の有害成分であるSDI成分(微粒子やコロイド粒子)とバイオファウリングの原因となるBOD成分を適切に除去する。
そして、濁質の捕捉に伴って活性炭塔の差圧が上昇してくるので、第二逆洗ポンプ14を駆動して逆洗を随時行う。
二次砂ろ過器13を通過した海水は、二次ろ過水となって高圧ポンプ15に送給する。
高圧ポンプ15は、二次ろ過水を電気透析膜16に送給する。
電気透析膜16は、高圧ポンプ15により圧送されてきた二次ろ過水の脱塩処理を行い、真水と濃縮海水とに分離することにより真水を得る。
一次砂ろ過器11及び二次砂ろ過器13には、酸素供給装置18により、停止中においても酸素を供給される。これにより、前処理装置10の停止中においても海水は嫌気性となることがない。
The primary filtered water fed to the secondary sand filter 13 removes contaminants by the secondary sand filter 13.
At this time, the biofilm 17 growing on the sand surface of the secondary sand filter 13 appropriately removes SDI components (fine particles and colloidal particles) that are harmful components in the primary filtered water and BOD components that cause biofouling. To do.
And since the differential pressure | voltage of an activated carbon tower rises with trapping of turbidity, the 2nd backwash pump 14 is driven and backwashing is performed at any time.
Seawater that has passed through the secondary sand filter 13 is supplied to the high-pressure pump 15 as secondary filtered water.
The high-pressure pump 15 supplies the secondary filtered water to the electrodialysis membrane 16.
The electrodialysis membrane 16 performs desalting treatment of the secondary filtrate that has been pumped by the high-pressure pump 15, and obtains fresh water by separating it into fresh water and concentrated seawater.
Oxygen is supplied to the primary sand filter 11 and the secondary sand filter 13 by the oxygen supply device 18 even during stoppage. Thereby, seawater does not become anaerobic even when the pretreatment device 10 is stopped.

以上、説明したように、一実施形態のろ過装置の前処理方法によれば、一次砂ろ過器11及び二次砂ろ過器13のろ材表面上に成長する生物膜17の除去性能を利用して、海水中の微粒子や溶存するBOD成分を除去する際に薬品を用いない。
従って、ろ過装置の前処理方法によれば、ランニングコストを含む造水コストを低減できる。
As described above, according to the pretreatment method of the filtration device of one embodiment, the removal performance of the biofilm 17 that grows on the filter medium surfaces of the primary sand filter 11 and the secondary sand filter 13 is used. No chemicals are used when removing fine particles in seawater and dissolved BOD components.
Therefore, according to the pretreatment method of the filtration device, the fresh water cost including the running cost can be reduced.

また、ろ過装置の前処理方法によれば、一次砂ろ過器11及び二次砂ろ過器13の停止中に、通水により酸素を供給するために、海水の嫌気性を抑制でき、長期間停止後の再起動時に水質が悪化することを防止することができる。   Moreover, according to the pretreatment method of a filtration apparatus, in order to supply oxygen by water flow during the stop of the primary sand filter 11 and the secondary sand filter 13, it can suppress the anaerobic property of seawater and stop for a long time It is possible to prevent the water quality from deteriorating at a later restart.

そして、一実施形態のろ過装置の前処理装置10によれば、海水中の塩分を脱塩または濃縮する際に、一次砂ろ過器11及び二次砂ろ過器13のろ材表面上に成長する生物膜17の除去性能を利用して、海水中の微粒子や溶存するBOD成分を除去する。
従って、ろ過装置の前処理装置10によれば、海水中の微粒子や溶存するBOD成分を除去する際に薬品を用いないので、ランニングコストを含む造水コストを低減できる。
And according to the pre-processing apparatus 10 of the filtration apparatus of one Embodiment, when the salt content in seawater is desalted or concentrated, the organism which grows on the filter medium surface of the primary sand filter 11 and the secondary sand filter 13 The removal performance of the membrane 17 is used to remove fine particles in seawater and dissolved BOD components.
Therefore, according to the pretreatment device 10 of the filtration device, since no chemicals are used when removing fine particles in seawater and dissolved BOD components, it is possible to reduce fresh water costs including running costs.

さらに、ろ過装置の前処理装置10によれば、一次砂ろ過器11及び二次砂ろ過器13の停止中に、通水により酸素を供給するために、海水の嫌気性を抑制できる。   Furthermore, according to the pretreatment device 10 of the filtration device, since the primary sand filter 11 and the secondary sand filter 13 are stopped, oxygen is supplied by passing water, so that the anaerobic property of seawater can be suppressed.

なお、本発明のろ過装置の前処理装置及び前処理方法は、前述した一実施形態に限定するものでなく、適宜な変形や改良等が可能である。   In addition, the pre-processing apparatus and pre-processing method of the filtration apparatus of this invention are not limited to one Embodiment mentioned above, A suitable deformation | transformation, improvement, etc. are possible.

以上述べたように、本発明のろ過装置の前処理装置及び前処理方法によれば、薬品を用いることがないので、ランニングコストを含む造水コストを低減できる。
以上の結果として、世界的な水不足に対して有効な手段を提供でき、本発明の産業上の利用可能性は大といえる。
As described above, according to the pretreatment device and the pretreatment method of the filtration device of the present invention, no chemical is used, so that the water production cost including the running cost can be reduced.
As a result of the above, it is possible to provide an effective means for the global water shortage, and it can be said that the industrial applicability of the present invention is great.

10 ろ過装置の前処理装置
11 一次砂ろ過器(ろ過器本体)
13 二次砂ろ過器(ろ過器本体)
16 電気透析膜(ろ過装置)
18 酸素供給装置
17 生物膜
10 Filtration equipment pretreatment equipment 11 Primary sand filter (filter body)
13 Secondary sand filter (filter body)
16 Electrodialysis membrane (filtration device)
18 Oxygen supply device 17 Biofilm

Claims (2)

海水中の塩分を膜ろ過により除去し、又は濃縮させる装置に供給する海水の前処理を行う装置であって、
粒子状ろ材で構成され、海水を通水することで海水中の微粒子を除去するとともに、BOD成分を除去する生物膜を備えることを特徴とする海水の前処理装置。
A device for pretreatment of seawater to be supplied to a device that removes or concentrates salt in seawater by membrane filtration,
A pretreatment apparatus for seawater, comprising a particulate filter medium, and comprising a biofilm that removes BOD components while removing fine particles in seawater by passing seawater.
海水中の塩分を膜ろ過により除去し、又は濃縮させるろ過装置でろ過するに当たって、海水の前処理を行う方法であって、
粒子状ろ材で構成されたろ過器本体の前記ろ材の表面に生物膜を形成する工程と、
前記ろ過器本体に海水を通水することで海水中の微粒子を除去するとともに、前記生物膜によりBOD成分を除去することを特徴とする海水の前処理方法。
It is a method for pretreatment of seawater when filtering with a filtration device that removes or concentrates salt in seawater by membrane filtration,
Forming a biofilm on the surface of the filter medium of the filter body composed of particulate filter medium;
A pretreatment method of seawater, wherein fine particles in seawater are removed by passing seawater through the filter body, and BOD components are removed by the biofilm.
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