JP2013108330A - Retaining wall - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate the movement in a block unit to efficiently perform a repair work and to easily install a retaining wall in the ground inclined in a wall width direction.SOLUTION: A retaining wall 10 includes panel-shaped blocks 12 and cube-shaped blocks 13, which are made of concrete. Each of left recessed grooves 13L and right recessed grooves 13R is formed to extend in a height direction with a slightly wider groove width than the thickness of the panel-shaped block 12 in right and left side surfaces of each of the cube-shaped blocks 13. When the panel-shaped block 12 is supported between a pair of cube-shaped blocks 13, a left side end of the panel-shaped block 12 is detachably fitted into the right recessed grooves 13R of two or more stacked cube-shaped blocks 13 on a left side of the panel-shaped block 12. A right side end of the panel-shaped block 12 is detachably fitted into the left recessed grooves 13L of two or more stacked cube-shaped blocks 13 on a right side of the panel-shaped block 12.

Description

  The present invention relates to a retaining wall made of a concrete block, and more particularly to a stacked structure of concrete blocks.

  When slopes such as farmland and residential land are created in a staircase shape, retaining walls are used to prevent the collapse of earth and sand above the steps. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, this type of retaining wall 1 is formed by stacking cube-shaped blocks 2 made of concrete. The cube-shaped block 2 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and its dimensions are set to a height of 1 m, a width of 1 m, and a depth of about 50 cm. In FIG. 11, two concave portions are provided on the front side of the cube-shaped block 2, and hooks F made of reinforcing bars are embedded in these concave portions.

  When the retaining wall 1 is installed, the first-stage cube-shaped blocks 2 are arranged on the foundation ground, and then the second-stage cube-shaped blocks 2 are placed on the first-stage cube-shaped blocks 2 in the height direction. Align and stack up. After arranging the cube-shaped blocks 2 at each stage in a line, a reinforcing steel frame 3 is welded to the hook F directed to the front side using a reinforcing bar 4 or the like. As a result, the retaining wall 1 has a wall height of about 2 m and a wall thickness of about 50 cm.

  In addition, patent documents 1, 2 grade | etc., Are well-known as a prior art of the type of retaining wall of the type which piles up a concrete block.

Japanese Patent No. 3817676 JP-A-6-108483

However, such a conventional retaining wall 1 has a configuration in which each cube-shaped block 2 is integrally connected in the wall width direction by the steel frame material 3, so that it is difficult to move in block units. For this reason, when defects, such as a crack and a crack, arise in a wall surface, the block of such a defective part cannot be exchanged but repair work may be time-consuming.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 12, when installing the retaining wall 1 on the ground inclined in the wall width direction, it is necessary to place each block 2 at a position where the steel frame 3 can be fixed, and the foundation work of the ground is complicated. turn into. It is possible that the retaining wall 1 cannot be installed because the steel frame material 3 cannot be mounted on an uneven inclined surface or the like.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a current situation, and can easily perform repair work by facilitating movement in units of blocks, and can be easily applied to ground inclined in the wall width direction. The purpose is to provide a retaining wall that can be installed.

[First invention]
In order to solve the above problems, the retaining wall of the present invention adopts the following configuration.
That is, the retaining wall of the present invention is
A panel block made of concrete formed in a rectangular shape with a substantially constant thickness;
A cube-shaped block made of concrete formed with a height, width and depth larger than the thickness of this panel-shaped block;
A retaining wall configured to support the panel block in a standing position between a pair of cube blocks,
further,
A left concave groove extending in the height direction of the left side surface of the cube-shaped block and opening with a groove width slightly wider than the thickness of the panel-shaped block;
A right concave groove extending in the height direction of the right side surface of the cube-shaped block and opening with a groove width slightly wider than the thickness of the panel-shaped block;
When the panel block is supported between a pair of the cube blocks, the left end of the panel block can be attached to and detached from the right concave groove of the cube blocks stacked on the left side of the panel block. On the other hand, the right end of the panel block is detachably fitted into the left concave groove of the cube block stacked two or more on the right side of the panel block.

According to such a configuration, the right and left side edges of the panel block are fitted into the concave grooves (left concave groove and right concave groove) continuous in the height direction of the cube-shaped block, so that the front / rear / left / right misalignment between the respective blocks is achieved. Is prevented. Thereby, even if it does not connect each block with the steel frame for reinforcement, durability of a retaining wall can fully be secured.
In addition, for both cube-shaped blocks and panel-shaped blocks, the left and right ends of the panel-shaped block are extracted from the concave grooves (left concave groove and right concave groove) of the cube-shaped block by lifting it horizontally. It is possible to move in units. As a result, defective portions such as scratches and cracks can be replaced in units of blocks, and repair work can be performed efficiently.

  In addition, when installing retaining walls on the ground inclined in the wall width direction, each block while shifting the height position of the panel block along the concave groove (left concave groove and right concave groove) of the cube block Can be connected in steps. In order to attach the reinforcing steel frame material, it is not necessary to make the inclination and the step difference between adjacent blocks uniform, and it is only necessary to make the base portion horizontal for each block. Thereby, even if it is the ground inclined unevenly, a retaining wall can be installed by simple foundation construction.

  Furthermore, in the configuration of the present invention, the weight of the panel block can be easily reduced, and the weight can be reduced by suppressing the height of the cube block, so that handling of each block such as transportation and stacking is easy. You can also

[Second invention]
In the retaining wall of the second invention, the concrete material forming the panel-shaped block and the cube-shaped block is mixed with an extender obtained by classifying crushed materials such as debris, glass scrap, concrete scrap and ceramic scrap. The configuration is as follows.

According to such a configuration, waste such as debris, glass waste, concrete waste, ceramic waste can be reused as a concrete material, which is useful for effective use of resources.
In addition, the bulking material obtained by classifying crushed materials such as debris, glass scrap, concrete scrap, ceramic scrap, etc. functions as aggregate. Therefore, sand (fine aggregate) and gravel (coarse) are the original concrete materials. The amount of (aggregate) can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the retaining wall.

“Debris” includes concrete debris, asphalt debris, etc. generated by the new construction, reconstruction or removal of a workpiece.
“Glass waste”, “Concrete waste” and “Ceramic waste” include glass (sheet glass, etc.), concrete waste generated in the manufacturing process of products, interlocking king block waste, brick waste, waste gypsum board, cement waste, Includes mortar scraps, slate scraps, and ceramic scraps.

  As a method for producing the filler, the size of crushed materials such as debris, glass scraps, concrete scraps, ceramic scraps and the like is made uniform using a classifier. Specifically, particles having a particle size of less than 9 mm are used as fine aggregates, and particles having a particle size exceeding 9 mm are used as coarse aggregates. Of course, the particle size of the fine aggregate or coarse aggregate can be changed as necessary.

As the classifier, a combination of a sieving machine and a blower can be used. In this case, first, the crushed material is sent to a sieving machine using a conveyer or the like, and those below a certain particle size are dropped downward and collected as fine aggregate. The crushed material that has not been collected by the sieving machine is collected as coarse aggregate after removing fine dust and debris by blowing away with a blower.
By sorting the particle size using a classification sorter in this way, it is possible to effectively use crushed materials made of debris, glass scrap, concrete scrap, ceramic scrap, etc., divided into fine aggregate and coarse aggregate it can.

[Third invention]
The retaining wall of the third invention is the block according to the first or second invention, wherein two or more of the panel-type blocks and the cube-type blocks are stacked in the height direction and are adjacent to each other in the wall width direction. The height of the stacked surfaces was set to be different from each other.

  In the configuration of the first invention, to sufficiently secure the height of the retaining wall, it is possible to cope by increasing the number of stacked panel blocks and cube blocks. However, when increasing the number of stacked panel blocks and cube blocks, if the heights of the stacked surfaces match between the adjacent blocks in the wall width direction, shear stress concentrates on these parts in the longitudinal direction. However, the durability of the wall surface may be reduced.

According to the configuration of the third aspect of the invention, since the heights of the stacked surfaces are all different between the blocks adjacent in the wall width direction, the shear stress is concentrated on a specific stacked portion with respect to the load in the front-rear direction. Can be avoided. As a result, the stacked state of each block can be stabilized even if the number of stacks is increased to raise the retaining wall.

It is a perspective view which shows schematic structure of the retaining wall by 1st Embodiment of this invention. The retaining wall is shown, (A) is a front view, and (B) is a plan view. The panel type block of the retaining wall is shown, (A) is a perspective view, (B) is a rear view. The cube-shaped block of the retaining wall is shown, (A) is a plan view, (B) is a front view, and (C) is a right side view. It is a front view which shows the use condition arranged in the row of the retaining wall. It is a front view which shows the state which installed the retaining wall in the ground which inclines in a wall width direction. It is a top view which shows the use condition arranged in a line on the curve of the retaining wall. It is a front view which shows the retaining wall by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the retaining wall by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the retaining wall by 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the retaining wall by a prior art example. It is a perspective view which shows the state which installed the retaining wall by a prior art example in the ground which inclines in a wall width direction.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The retaining wall 10 of the first embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The retaining wall 10 is used to create an inclined land such as farmland or residential land in a staircase shape. As indicated by the two-dot chain line in each figure, the wall is expanded in the wall width direction according to the width of the site.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the retaining wall 10 includes a panel block 12 and a cube block 13 made of concrete as main components. Two-stage stacked cube-shaped blocks 13 and 13 are paired on the left and right to support one panel-shaped block 12.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the panel-shaped block 12 is formed in a horizontally long rectangle with a substantially uniform thickness. The height of the panel-shaped block 12 is set to be slightly lower than the cube-shaped blocks 13 and 13 of the two-tier stack, and the dimensions are generally 1 m in height, 2 m in width, and depth (wall thickness) in FIG. It is set to about 10 to 30 cm.

  Through holes H, H are formed in the wall surface of the panel block 12. These through-holes H and H are formed by arranging a pipe material made of steel or the like in the mold when the block is manufactured. The positions of the through holes H, H are in a symmetrical relationship slightly above the center of gravity of the panel block 12. When the panel block 12 is lifted by a crane or the like, the panel block 12 is kept almost horizontal by passing the wires through the through holes H and H.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, notches K and K are provided on the back surface of the panel-type block 12. The cutouts K, K extend on the parallel lines at a substantially constant depth from the upper end of the block to the vicinity of the middle. When the panel block 12 is placed with the notches K and K facing down, the two claws of the forklift are inserted into these notches K and K. That is, the workability when the panel block 12 is moved is enhanced by these notches K and K.

  About the positional relationship of the notches K and K and the through-holes H and H, it arrange | positions so that both may mutually cross. That is, the through holes H and H are opened in the middle of the notches K and K. As a result, with the panel block 12 placed with the notches K and K facing down, the wires can be taken out from the notches K and K through the through holes H and H, and can be lifted by a crane or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the cube-shaped block 13 has a shape in which corners of a rectangular parallelepiped are chamfered. The block width and depth are set to about 1 m. The height when the cube-shaped blocks 13 are stacked in two stages is set so as to exceed the height of the panel-shaped blocks 12.

  On the left and right side surfaces of the cube-shaped block 13, a left concave groove 13L and a right concave groove R extend in the height direction. These concave grooves are connected in parallel at a constant depth from the upper end to the lower end of the cube-shaped block 13. The groove widths of the left concave groove 13L and the right concave groove 13R are both equal and slightly larger than the thickness of the panel block.

  The groove walls of the left concave groove 13L and the right concave groove 13R are provided with relief surfaces 13a that are inclined so as to increase the groove width on the outer side. These relief surfaces 13a reduce interference with the groove wall when the left and right ends of the panel block are fitted in each groove. Further, as will be described later, when the panel-shaped block 12 and the cube-shaped block 13 are arranged in a curved line (see FIG. 7), it plays a role of making it easy to add an angle to the connecting portion of both blocks.

On the upper end surface of the cube-shaped block 13, hooks F, F made of reinforcing bars or the like are embedded in rectangular recesses arranged in the front-rear direction. These hooks F and F are in a position lower than the upper end surface of the cube-shaped block 13, and do not get in the way when the blocks are stacked. When the cube-shaped block 13 is moved, a wire is hooked on these hooks F and F and is suspended by a crane or the like. Thereby, workability | operativity, such as stacking of the cube-shaped block 13, is improved.
In FIG. 4, the bottom surface of the cube-shaped block 13 appears vertically symmetrical with the figure in which the two concave portions and the hooks F and F are omitted from the front view of FIG. The left side surface of the cube-shaped block 13 appears symmetrically with the right side surface of FIG.

  The concrete material forming the panel block 12 and the cube block 13 is mixed with an extender obtained by classifying crushed materials such as debris, glass scraps, concrete scraps and ceramic scraps. Among the pulverized products, those with a particle size of less than 9 mm are used as fine aggregates, and those with a particle size of more than 9 mm are used as coarse aggregates mixed with sand and gravel. The blending amount of these fillers is not particularly limited as long as the block strength can be sufficiently maintained. Sand and gravel can be omitted if the quality of the extender is excellent.

  In this manner, the waste material can be reused by blending the concrete material with an extender made of debris, glass waste, concrete waste, ceramic waste, and the like. The amount of sand (fine aggregate) or gravel (coarse aggregate) used as the concrete material can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the panel block 12 can be reduced.

  When installing the retaining wall 10, for example, first, the first cube-shaped blocks 13, 13 are stacked on the foundation ground with their front and rear directions aligned. The panel-shaped block 12 is arranged in a standing posture on the right side of the two-stage stacked cube-shaped blocks 13, 13, and the left end of the panel-shaped block 12 is fitted into the right concave groove 13 </ b> R continuous in the height direction of the blocks 13, 13. Thereafter, the second cube-shaped blocks 13 and 13 are stacked on the right side of the panel-shaped block 12 with their front and rear directions aligned, and the right end of the panel-shaped block 12 is fitted into the left concave groove 13L. In this way, the left and right ends of the panel block 12 are fitted into the left concave groove 13L and the right concave groove 13R between the left and right pair of cube-shaped blocks 13 and 13 stacked in two stages, so Misalignment is prevented. Accordingly, the durability of the retaining wall 10 can be sufficiently ensured without connecting the blocks with a reinforcing steel frame or the like.

When the retaining wall 10 is expanded in the wall width direction, the panel block 12 is connected to the left and right of the two-stage stacked cube blocks 13 and 13 in the same procedure. As shown in FIG. The blocks 12 and the cube-shaped blocks 13 and 13 are alternately arranged in the wall width direction.
After extending the retaining wall 10 to the required length in this way, filling is performed on one side to complete the formation of the step.

When the panel block 12 or the cube block 13 is moved after the retaining wall 10 is installed, a necessary block is lifted by a crane or the like. When the panel block 12 is lifted, the wires are passed through the through holes H, H, and when the cube block 13 is lifted, the wires are passed through the hooks F, F (see FIG. 1). By doing so, the left and right ends of the panel-shaped block 12 can be extracted from the concave grooves (the left concave groove 13L and the right concave groove 13R) of the cube-shaped block 13 while keeping each block substantially horizontal.
When the panel-type block 12 or the cube-type block 13 is returned to its original position, the necessary block is lifted by a crane or the like, and dropped from above into a space between the blocks in the reverse procedure.

  When the retaining wall 10 is installed on the ground inclined in the wall width direction, the panel block 12 and the cube block 13 are arranged stepwise in the wall width direction as shown in FIG. At this time, the ground is horizontally leveled for each block and arranged alternately, and the left and right sides of the panel block 12 are inserted into the concave grooves (the right concave groove 13R or the left concave groove 13L) of the cube-shaped blocks 13 and 13, respectively. Fit the end. Even if a step is generated between the blocks, the retaining walls 10 do not fall down because the adjacent blocks support each other.

Thus, according to the retaining wall 10, the panel-shaped block 12 or the cube-shaped block 13 can be extracted upward and moved in units of blocks. As a result, defective parts such as scratches and cracks can be replaced in units of blocks, and the repair work can be performed efficiently. Even when the retaining wall 10 collapsed due to landslide or the like is repaired, the panel-shaped block 12 or the cube-shaped block 13 can be removed or moved in units of blocks, and the restoration work can be quickly performed.
Moreover, you may remove a specific location among the cube-shaped blocks 13 of an upper stage, and you may utilize as a space (window frame) for planting. In this way, by handling a part of the retaining wall 10 in units of blocks, it is possible to deal with various uses.

Moreover, in the retaining wall 10, the panel-type block 12 and the cube-shaped block 13 can be connected for every block with the simple foundation construction to the ground which inclines in the wall width direction. Even if the ground is not uniform as shown in FIG. 6, it can be handled in the same manner, and the retaining wall 10 can be installed on the ground having a wider shape than the conventional one. The same applies to uneven slopes.
Further, in the retaining wall 10, the groove widths of the left and right concave grooves (the left concave groove 13 </ b> L and the right concave groove 13 </ b> R) of the cube-shaped block 13 are wider than the thickness of the panel-shaped block 12. It is also possible to connect the blocks with an angle within the range (see FIG. 7). Thereby, it can respond to the usage of creating a curved step as viewed from above.

  Furthermore, in the retaining wall 10, since the weight of the panel-type block 12 and the cube-shaped block 13 can be reduced and the weight can be reduced, handling such as transportation and stacking of each block can be facilitated.

Next, the retaining wall of the second embodiment is shown in FIG. The retaining wall 20 according to the second embodiment is obtained by stacking the retaining wall 10 according to the first embodiment twice as high.
As shown in FIG. 8, in the retaining wall 20, the panel-shaped blocks 12 are stacked in two stages, and the cube-shaped blocks 13 are stacked in four stages. The right concave groove 13R and the left concave groove 13L are connected in the height direction to the left and right side surfaces of the four-tiered cube-shaped block 13. Then, the left and right side edges of the two-stage stacked panel block 12 are fitted into the right concave groove 13R and the left concave groove 13L of the pair of cube-shaped blocks 13 stacked in four stages.

  In the retaining wall 20 of the second embodiment, steps are generated on all the stacked surfaces S of the two-tiered panel-shaped block 12 and the four-tiered cube-shaped block 13. That is, the height of the stacked surface does not match between adjacent blocks. Thereby, when a load is applied in the front-rear direction of the retaining wall 20, the shear stress is less likely to concentrate on a specific stacked portion, and the stacked state is stably maintained. Thereby, durability of the wall surface of the retaining wall 20 can be improved.

It showed in FIG. 9 of the retaining wall of 3rd Embodiment. The retaining wall 30 of the third embodiment is a modification of the retaining wall 20 of the second embodiment, and the cube-shaped blocks 13α and 13β are set at different heights.
As shown in FIG. 9, the cube-shaped block 13α is set to a height dimension that is sufficiently smaller than the cube-shaped block 13β. The height at which the block 13α or the block 13β is stacked in two stages is set so as not to coincide with the height dimension of the panel block 12.

  On the left side of the panel-shaped block 12, cube-shaped blocks 13α and 13α are stacked from the bottom to the second level, and cube-shaped blocks 13β and 13β are stacked from the top to the uppermost level (fourth level). On the right side of the panel-type block 12, cube-shaped blocks 13β and 13β are stacked from the bottom to the second level, and cube-shaped blocks 13α and 13α are stacked from the top to the uppermost level (fourth level). In other words, the stacking order of the cube-shaped blocks 13α and 13β is made different on the left and right sides of the panel-shaped block 12 so that the heights of the stacked surfaces S do not become the same position.

  As described above, according to the retaining wall 30 of the third embodiment, in addition to the height of the stacked surface S of the panel-shaped block 12 and the cube-shaped blocks 13α and 13β, the cube-shaped blocks 13α and Since the height of the 13β stacked surface S is set so as to have a level difference, the shear stress is less likely to concentrate on a specific stacked portion with respect to the load in the front-rear direction of the retaining wall 30. Thereby, as a result, the durability of the wall surface of the retaining wall 30 can be significantly improved.

The retaining wall of the fourth embodiment is shown in FIG. FIG. 10 shows the retaining wall 40 of the fourth embodiment as viewed from the back side.
As shown in FIG. 10, the retaining wall 40 is formed by stacking the cube-shaped blocks 13 in four stages on the left and right sides of the two-stage stacked panel-shaped block 12. The left and right ends of the panel block 12 are fitted in the right concave groove 13R of the left cube block 13 and the left concave groove 13L of the right cube block 13, respectively.

  On the back surface of the panel-shaped block 12, notches K and K are formed with a constant width from the upper end to the lower end of the block. These cutouts K, K are arranged side by side on a parallel line above and below the panel-shaped blocks 12, 12. Strip plates 41 and 41 made of steel or the like are attached to the notches K and K arranged vertically. The band plates 41 and 41 are fixed to the panel-type blocks 12 and 12 by tightening bolts and nuts in portions overlapping the through holes H.

  According to the configuration of the fourth embodiment, since the two-stage stacked panel blocks 12 and 12 are integrally fixed by the strips 41 and 41, the stacked state of the blocks can be further stabilized. Further, since the ends of the notches K and K open to both end faces (upper and lower ends in FIG. 10) of the panel block 12, when transporting the panel block 12 with a forklift, a lift pawl is inserted from two directions. Thus, workability can be further improved.

As mentioned above, although the retaining wall of 1st-4th embodiment was demonstrated, the retaining wall of this invention may be accompanied by various deformation | transformation and a change, without being limited to these structures.
For example, in the first to fourth embodiments, the number of stacked one or both of the panel block 12 and the cube block 13 may be changed within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention. You may change the size (height, width, depth) of each block.
In the first embodiment, the concave grooves (the left concave groove 13L and the right concave groove 13R) of the cube-shaped block 13 are at the front side (front side), but the concave groove (the left concave groove 13L) is located at the front and rear intermediate positions. And a right concave groove 13R). In such a configuration, the cube-shaped block 13 has a symmetrical shape in the front-rear and left-right directions, so that workability such as stacking can be improved.
Further, the panel block and the cube block 13 according to the present invention may be used as a partition wall for partitioning a site such as a factory or a business office in addition to the use as a retaining wall. In addition, it can be used as a side wall of a warehouse or a garage.

10. · Retaining wall 12 ·· Panel type block 13 ·· Cube type block 13a ·· Relief surface 13L · · Left groove 13R ·· Right groove F, F ·· Hook H, H ·· Through holes K, K ..Notch S ... Stacked surface

Claims (3)

A panel block made of concrete formed in a rectangular shape with a substantially constant thickness;
A cube-shaped block made of concrete formed with a height, width and depth larger than the thickness of this panel-shaped block;
A retaining wall configured to support the panel block in a standing position between a pair of cube blocks,
further,
A left concave groove extending in the height direction of the left side surface of the cube-shaped block and opening with a groove width slightly wider than the thickness of the panel-shaped block;
A right concave groove extending in the height direction of the right side surface of the cube-shaped block and opening with a groove width slightly wider than the thickness of the panel-shaped block;
When the panel block is supported between a pair of the cube blocks, the left end of the panel block can be attached to and detached from the right concave groove of the cube blocks stacked on the left side of the panel block. A retaining wall characterized in that the right end of the panel block is detachably fitted into the left groove of the cube block stacked two or more on the right side of the panel block.   The retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the concrete material forming the panel-shaped block is mixed with an extender obtained by classifying crushed materials such as debris, glass scrap, concrete scrap, ceramic scrap, and the like. Retaining wall.   3. The retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein two or more of the panel-shaped blocks and the cube-shaped blocks are stacked in the height direction, and the height of the stacked surface is increased between the blocks adjacent in the wall width direction. Retaining walls that are set to have different heights.

Images