JP2013096996A - Device for photographing inner surface of hollow space in workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device (2) for photographing an inner surface (4) of a hollow space (6) in a workpiece (8).SOLUTION: The device (2) includes an image photographing device (12), and an optical system (10) of a full field of view system connected to an evaluation device (14) arranged behind the image photographing device so as to be able to transmit an image. The device (2) further has an illumination device (16) provided with a light source (18) for illuminating a photographic range of an inner surface (4) detected by the optical system (10). In this invention, either or both (20, 20') of a light emitting member and a polarization part of the illumination device (16) is arranged at a lens (22) of at least one optical system (10), a field lens (22) in particular.

Description

  The invention relates to a device for photographing the inner surface of a hollow space in a workpiece of the type described in the superordinate concept of claim 1.

  Such devices are used in particular in the automotive industry, for example, for inspecting crankcase cylinder bores, particularly in the context of quality control. The device is used, for example, to take a picture of the inner surface of a cylinder bore in the radial direction and thereby check whether a predetermined requirement regarding the condition of the surface is met.

  Such an apparatus is known from US Pat. It comprises an all-viewing optical system connected so as to be able to transmit images with an image shooter and an evaluation device arranged thereafter. Further, the known apparatus includes an illumination device for illuminating the imaging range of the inner surface detected by the optical system.

  A similar device is well known from US Pat. No. 6,057,059, where the first axial section of the imaging range is illuminated by bright field illumination and at the same time another imaging area spaced apart from the first axial section. The illumination device is arranged relative to the optical system so that the axial section can be illuminated by dark field illumination, and its optical path is selected.

  According to Patent Document 3, an apparatus for photographing an inner surface of a hollow space in a workpiece of the type described in the superordinate concept of claim 1 is well known, and an image can be transmitted to an image photographing machine and an evaluation device disposed thereafter. The optical system connected in this way. The apparatus includes an illumination device including a light source that illuminates an imaging range of the inner surface detected by the optical system. The light source can be configured as, for example, an LED light source, and is disposed with an axial interval with respect to the field lens of the optical system, and is mechanically coupled to the optical system by a support portion.

  Patent Document 4 discloses a device configured as a medical endoscope including an optical system and a light source that illuminates an imaging range of an inner surface detected by the optical system. The light source is located on the printed circuit and is in close proximity to the field lens of the optical system.

  According to Patent Document 5, a medical endoscope in which an optical system including a field lens is arranged on an optical element is well known, and an end portion facing the lens is configured as a mirror. The mirror is mounted with a ring-shaped array of light emitting diodes constituting a light source.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-133867 discloses an apparatus for examining a pipe line, which is provided on a work vehicle and includes an all-viewing optical system.

  From US Pat. No. 6,099,077, a wide-angle lens with an aspheric optical object is well known, and the material is selected to pass a specific wavelength band. The known optics are specifically defined for use with surveillance cameras.

International Patent Publication No. 2009/003692 German Patent Publication No. 102009019459 German Patent Publication No. 102008000975 International Patent Publication No. 2009/150653 US Patent Publication No. 2009/0082629 US Pat. No. 6,621,516 US Patent Publication No. 2006/0164733 German Patent Publication No. 102007031358

  The object of the present invention is to present an apparatus for photographing the inner surface of a hollow space in a workpiece of the type described in the superordinate concept of claim 1, whose application has been expanded by reducing the size of the structure. .

  This problem is solved by the invention described in claim 1.

  The present invention is not bound by the idea of reducing the size of the components of the device, thereby reducing the size of the structure.

  Rather, the present invention modifies the configuration of the device for imaging the inner surface of the hollow space in the workpiece, thereby reducing the size of the structure, particularly with respect to the geometric size of the device, It is based on the idea that it can be used even in a small hollow space.

  That is, for example, in the automobile manufacturing field, higher environmental suitability requirements for combustion engines are always set. In particular, engine displacement has been reduced so that it can comply. Such a reduction in displacement is usually realized by a reduction in the diameter of the cylinder bore that is correspondingly matched with the piston of the combustion engine. For example, in order to be able to inspect the inner surface of the hollow space of the crank chamber with such a reduced exhaust amount, the present invention is such that the lens of the optical system is equipped with at least one of the light emitting member and / or the polarizing member of the lighting device. It is specified that Therefore, in the present invention, one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member are fixed directly to at least one lens of at least one optical system, that is, without sandwiching another member. This means that one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member comprises all its optical components, electrical / electronic components and mechanical components, for example in the case of LEDs, semiconductor components, optical systems and A support part / holding part is provided.

  The advantages obtained with the device according to the invention are not particularly impeded by the scope of the optical system associated with the evaluation, and in particular not limited by the support for one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member of the lighting device, for example. It is. In connection therewith, the advantage is that only the imaging of the imaging range detected by an all-field optical system is necessary in order to be able to carry out a corresponding inspection of the inner surface. As a result, for example, it is not necessary to rotate the support portion for one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member of the lighting device with respect to the optical system, and in particular, the hollow space in the workpiece is not particularly photographed. The inner surface can be photographed at high speed.

  In the present invention, the lens of the optical system is a member having a refracting surface having an optical action at least partially made of glass or other transparent medium, and at least one surface thereof is, for example, It is understood that the lens is formed in particular on a convex or concave surface, so that light passing through the lens is refracted accordingly on that surface. Further, a field lens is understood to be a lens that optically refracts the light beam reflected by the inner surface as the first lens of the apparatus. Therefore, in the present invention, the field lens is understood to be a lens in front of the optical system as viewed in the direction of incidence from the hollow space in the workpiece of the apparatus.

  In the present invention, a light emitting member is understood to be one or both of a member that generates light and a member that emits light to the surrounding environment to be illuminated through at least a portion of the surface.

  In the present invention, the light emitting member can be constituted by an optical fiber, and the light source can be arranged away from the light outlet. For example, the light-emitting member can be an optical fiber in which a light source is disposed on an optical fiber, and the light source is disposed at the end opposite to the end that emits the light, and therefore the end that emits the light of the optical fiber through the optical fiber. Light can be guided to the part.

  In the present invention, the polarizing member particularly serves to change the direction of light.

  In the present invention, the polarizing member can be constituted by a filter such as a mirror, a prism, or a lens, or a combination of these members.

  The configuration in which one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member are arranged in the lens of the optical system can be performed by various methods. For example, the member can be attached to the lens, or can be fixed to the lens using a support portion. This support can again be bonded to the lens, for example, or connected in another manner.

  Furthermore, it is possible to guide the light emitted from the light source that illuminates the imaging range of the inner surface detected by the optical system through the hole of the lens, particularly the through hole. It can also be carried out in particular with optical fibers, preferably glass fiber cables. Furthermore, the mirroring of the holes may play a role in improving light guidance.

  In order to avoid losing as much as possible the detection capability of photographing the inner surface of the hollow space in the workpiece of the device according to the invention, one or both of the light-emitting member and the polarizing member are arranged on the inner surface. It is defined that it is arranged outside the field of view of the optical system used for photographing. For example, when inspecting the condition of the surface of a cylinder bore, it is sufficient to take an image through only a partial area of the optical system for evaluation related thereto. Therefore, an area where an optical system is not used can be used to support one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member without adversely affecting the evaluation. That is, for example, when inspecting the inner surface of a cylinder, the optical system can be arranged on the optical axis or in the region of the optical axis having a hole, because the region of such an optical system is photographed. And is usually not necessary for subsequent evaluations.

  Against this background, a further advantageous refinement of the invention is characterized in that such a member is arranged at or at the apex of the field lens of the optical system. By doing so, as described above, there is an advantage that the imaging range of the optical system related to the subsequent evaluation is not disturbed.

  As described above, in some applications, the area around the optical axis (center axis) of the optical system is irrelevant to the evaluation. Therefore, one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member are arranged in such an area. Is advantageous. Therefore, an advantageous improvement of the present invention provides that one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member are arranged on the optical axis of the optical system or in the region of the optical axis.

  The geometric arrangement of one or both of the light-emitting member and the polarizing member in the lens of the optical system, particularly the field lens, can be performed by various methods. That is, such a member can be disposed at the near end or the far end of the optical system. However, advantageously, one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member are arranged at the far end of the optical system, so that in particular the light output is not attenuated by another optical element or obstruction, so that the inner surface is detected. It is possible to deflect the shooting range to be lost without any loss. Correspondingly, a further advantageous refinement of the invention provides that one or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member are arranged at the far end of the optical system.

  In the present invention, the far end of the optical system is understood to be the front end of the optical system with respect to the incident direction.

  In order to illuminate the imaging range of the inner surface detected by the optical system, it is possible to deflect the light generated by the light source by various methods, and as described above, in particular, the prism or the lens plays such a role. Can fulfill. Polarization using a single mirror or a plurality of mirrors is possible with a simple and inexpensive technique, so a further advantageous refinement of the invention provides that the polarizing member comprises at least one mirror. .

  Illumination of the shooting range of the inner surface detected by the optical system can be realized by various methods. For example, a light source can be placed at the near end of the device and light can be directed to a desired region of the device to emit light using an optical fiber. In this way, the amount of heat generated in the lens area can be reduced, for example, to reduce imaging errors or measurement errors.

  On the other hand, since the light emitting member is a light source element provided with an energy supply means, an optical fiber can be eliminated. In this regard, it is possible to generate light in the vicinity of the imaging range to be detected on the inner surface in order to make the energy loss as low as possible. An energy supply means that can be realized by an electrical energy source and electrical wiring connected thereto in a very simple manner serves to supply energy to such a light source element. For example, these wirings can be arranged in a region of an optical system that can be ignored with respect to detection of the photographing range on the inner surface, and the region can be finally electrically connected to the light source element. These wirings can be wired, for example, through holes in the optical system, for example, through holes, and these holes can be provided as a three-dimensional area of the optical system that is not used for photographing the inner surface.

  The energy supply to the light source element can be performed by various methods. That is, the energy required for the operation of the light source element can be supplied by either a wired method or a wireless method.

  In this context, an advantageous refinement of the invention provides that the energy supply means is configured to transmit or transmit energy to the light source element in a wireless manner. By doing so, the advantage that it is not necessary to send electric power by a special method without deteriorating the visual field of the optical system can be obtained. In addition, the module structure of the device can be facilitated in that way.

  Energy transmission by a wireless method can be realized by various methods, for example, by electric induction. In that regard, a further advantageous refinement of the invention provides that the energy supply means comprises at least one induction coil device. In this embodiment, the energy supply to the light source element can be realized by a non-contact method, and more specifically, even when the energy consumption of the light source element is large. Furthermore, in this embodiment, it is possible to supply power to at least two light source elements particularly easily.

  In order to ensure that the field of view of the optical system is not impaired by the induction coil device, a further advantageous refinement of the invention is that at least one coil of the induction coil device is outside the field of view of the optical system used for imaging the inner surface. Stipulated to be placed in

  The improved configuration of the above implementation defines that the coil is a receiving coil.

  Furthermore, it is possible to at least partly supplement or replace the energy transmission by the wireless system with the energy supply by the wired system. In that regard, a further advantageous refinement of the invention provides that the light source element is connected to the energy supply means via at least one energy supply line. In this way, energy supply to the light source element can be realized by simple means. For example, when the light source element operates by electricity, it is possible to use an electrical wiring that leads from the energy supply means to the light source element within a range that does not impair the visual field of the optical system.

  Another improved configuration of the present invention provides that at least one electrode for electrically connecting the energy supply wiring to the light source element is made of an optically transparent material. For example, an electrode made of an optically transparent material or a substantially transparent material can be realized by, for example, a coating portion coated on the optical system. In view of that approach, in a further advantageous refinement, at least one electrode constitutes the lens coating of the optical system. In this case, it is possible that the electrode at least partially constitutes the coating part of the lens of the optical system. In addition, the lens can be coated segment by segment, so that various electrodes can be constructed on the lens using the coating.

  Furthermore, it is possible in this way to arrange various electricity consuming parts in various regions of the optical system or lens to supply the required energy.

  Illumination of the imaging range of the inner surface detected by the optical system can be performed by various methods. That is, for example, as described above, for example, a light source element that can be configured using at least one LED can be used.

  Furthermore, the light emitting member can be excited from the outside. To that end, a further advantageous refinement of the invention stipulates that the light emitting member comprises at least one light emitter that generates light upon excitation by electromagnetic radiation. Excitation for emitting such light can be performed by various methods. That is, for example, illumination of the imaging range of the inner surface detected by the optical system according to the present invention can be performed by luminescence. In that regard, for example, phosphors or phosphors can be used as light emitters according to the invention that generate light upon excitation by electromagnetic radiation.

  Furthermore, a further advantageous refinement of the invention provides a bright field illumination of the first axial section of the imaging range and at the same time a second axial direction of the imaging range spaced from the first axial section. The illumination device is arranged relative to the optical system so that it can be illuminated by dark field illumination or is illuminated, and the optical path is selected.

  In this way, the advantage is obtained that the imaging range of the inner surface detected by the optical system can be partially illuminated with bright field illumination and partially illuminated with dark field illumination. In bright field illumination that uses light reflected from the inner surface to be photographed for photographing, for example, photographing with particularly high contrast can be realized, in particular, scratches and small bubbles on the inner surface to be photographed can be confirmed. On the other hand, in the dark field illumination that guides the optical path so as to use the light scattered on the inner surface to be photographed for photographing, other structural defects, for example, casting defects of the casting can be confirmed. In this case, the inner surface to be photographed can be photographed with either bright field illumination or dark field illumination. Thus, an apparatus configured in this way has the advantage of combining the advantages obtained with respect to defect detection of the two illumination methods.

  However, with the apparatus according to the present invention configured correspondingly, it is possible to photograph one section in the same axial direction of the inner surface to be photographed in order in time by dark field illumination and bright field illumination. Therefore, for example, a feeding device that can move the apparatus in the axial direction relative to the inner surface to be photographed can be provided. For example, the section of the inner surface investigated with dark field illumination is placed obliquely in front of the optical system with respect to the feed direction, while the section investigated with bright field illumination is approximately the height of the optical system with respect to the axial direction of the hollow space. Or almost after the optical system, during the feeding operation, a predetermined axial range of the inner surface is first photographed with dark field illumination, and then the device is further fed and moved to bright field illumination. You can shoot with

  Within the scope of the present invention, a lighting device according to the present invention in which one or both of a light emitting member and a polarizing member are arranged on an optical lens, and another device of the present invention are not used. The combination with the well-known lighting apparatus by patent document 2 arrange | positioned at the member is also included.

  The basic idea that the light-emitting member or the polarizing member according to the present invention is arranged in an optical system lens, in particular, a field lens, can be generally used in a photographing apparatus including an optical system and an image photographing device. In that case, the rear evaluation device and the lighting device are not necessarily provided.

  In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate a highly schematic embodiment of the device according to the invention. In this case, all features illustrated in the drawings and described in the claims are independent of the relevance of the claims and the claim to be referred to, and are independent of the description and description of the drawings. And arbitrarily combined with each other in a technically meaningful manner to form the subject of the present invention.

  For the sake of clarity, the contents illustrated in the drawings are limited to components that facilitate understanding. In the drawings, the same or corresponding members, components or components are denoted by the same reference numerals.

Schematic side view at the photographing position of the first embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention. FIG. 1 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a third embodiment of the device according to the invention. FIG. 1 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention. FIG. 1 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a fifth embodiment of the device according to the invention.

  In FIG. 1, a first embodiment of a device 2 according to the invention for photographing an inner surface 4 of a hollow space 6 in a workpiece 8 is shown in a highly schematic side view. The present apparatus 2 includes an optical system 10 of an all-view system connected so as to be able to transmit an image to an image photographing machine 12 and an evaluation device 14 disposed thereafter. Further, the present apparatus 2 includes an illumination device 16 that illuminates the photographing range of the inner surface 4 detected by the optical system 10. In this embodiment, the polarizing member 20 is provided for illumination and is arranged on the lens of the optical system 10 which in this case is the field lens 22.

  In this embodiment, the field lens 22 is equipped with the polarizing member 20. Furthermore, the polarizing member 20 is disposed outside the field of view of the optical system 10 used for photographing the inner surface 4. In this case, the polarizing member 20 is disposed in the region of the apex 28 of the field lens 22. Specifically, the polarizing member 20 is disposed on the optical axis 30 (center axis) of the optical system 10. Further, the polarizing member 20 is arranged at the far end 32 of the optical system 10 by the arrangement configuration described above.

  In this embodiment, the polarizing member 20 is constituted by a mirror 34 and divides the incident light rays accordingly so as to illuminate the imaging range to be detected on the inner surface 4.

  Further, in this embodiment, the first axial section of the photographing range is illuminated by bright field illumination, and at the same time, the second axial section of the photographing range spaced from the first axial section is dark field. The illumination device 16 is disposed relative to the optical system 10 so as to illuminate by illumination, and its optical path is selected.

  In this embodiment, the optical system 10 is configured so that a full field of view of 360 ° can be realized in order to completely detect the hollow space 6 that is the cylinder 36 from the circumferential direction.

  In this embodiment, the image photographing machine 12 is constituted by a digital camera 38 provided with an image sensor 40.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the optical system 10 is a fish-eye lens for photographing with a purely refractive optical system.

  In the illustrated embodiment, the viewing angle of the optical system 10 excluding the angular range in which the polarizing member 20 is disposed is greater than 180 °, ie about 185 °, so that the optical system 10 is In addition to the range of the inner surface 4 that is inclined in front of the ten field lenses, the region of the inner surface 4 on the opposite side of the field lens 22 of the optical system 10 along the optical axis 30 is also detected.

  In the illustrated embodiment, the image sensor 40 is configured to detect the entire image circle of the optical system 10. The image of the inner surface 4 photographed by the optical system 10 is recorded by the image sensor 40 of the image photographing machine 12 and stored in a storage device (not shown).

  In order to illuminate the photographing range of the inner surface 4, in this embodiment, a light source 18 configured by an LED 42 and disposed away from the polarizing member 20 is provided, and after this LED, the LED 42 emits light. A light beam shaping element 44 for deflecting the reflected light beam substantially in parallel is arranged.

  In order to guide the light emitted from the LED 42 and deflected by the light shaping element 44 to the polarizing member 20, the field lens 22 has a hole 46 for guiding the light to the polarizing member 20.

  The inner surface 48 of the hole 46 is only mechanically machined precisely. However, this hole 46 can also be comprised in the form which mirrored the inner surface 48, for example.

  In this embodiment, the hole 46 is constituted by a through hole of the field lens 22, and the axis (not shown) of this through hole coincides with the optical axis 30 of the optical system 10. The light beam generated by the LED 42 passes through the hole 46 and then strikes the mirror 34 having a geometric shape that enables the bright field illumination and dark field illumination described above. The light beam emitted from the LED 42 is deflected toward the inner surface 4 of the hollow space 6 by the mirror 32 and reflected there. In this case, the first partial light beam 50 for photographing the inner surface 4 strikes the inner surface 4 so as to illuminate the first axial section of the inner surface 4 with bright field illumination. In FIG. 1, this type of illumination is symbolically illustrated by partial rays 50 instead. In FIG. 1, for dark field illumination, partial rays 52, 54 and 56 reflected on the inner surface are symbolically illustrated instead.

  During the feeding operation of the apparatus 2 relative to the workpiece 8, different axial ranges of the inner surface 4 are photographed in order and images corresponding to images in which the inner surface 4 is emphasized by the evaluation device 14, respectively. Is converted to

  Further information on bright field illumination and dark field illumination can be obtained from US Pat. Further, for example, from Patent Document 8, information relating to a method in which the evaluation device 14 converts an area photographed on the image sensor 40 into an orthogonal coordinate image can be obtained. It is incorporated into the present application by reference to the disclosure content of said document.

  Based on the image taken in the bright field configuration or the dark field configuration, it can be determined whether or not the inner surface 4 to be examined satisfies a predetermined requirement regarding the surface condition.

  In the following, for the sake of clarity, only the differences between the first embodiment of FIG. 1 and the embodiment illustrated in the subsequent figures will be described.

  FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention in which the light emitting and polarizing member 20 ′ is arranged at the apex 28 of the field lens 22. This member 20 ′ is provided with a light source element 60 provided with an energy supply means 62 for generating light necessary for illuminating the inner surface 4. The energy supply wirings 64 and 64 ′ serve to supply energy to the light emitting and deflecting member 20 ′. In this embodiment, the light emitting and deflecting member 20 ′ is necessary for the operation of the light source element 60 by a simple and inexpensive method. It is comprised by the electric supply wiring 64 and 64 'for supplying electric energy.

  These energy supply wirings 64 and 64 ′ are wired through the holes 46 of the field lens 22. The hole 46 is configured as a cylindrical through hole that penetrates the field lens 22 again.

  These energy supply wirings 64 and 64 'are electrically connected to an electric energy source (not shown) and the light emitting and deflecting member 20' for energy transmission.

  FIG. 3 illustrates a third embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention for inductively supplying energy to the light emitting and polarizing member 20 ′ for generating light. For this purpose, the energy supply means 62 includes an induction coil device 66 including a transmission coil 68 and a reception coil 70.

  FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention in which the electrodes 72, 72 ′ for electrically connecting the energy supply wires 64, 64 ′ to the light source element 60 are each made of an optically transparent material. The example of this is illustrated. In this case, these electrodes 72 and 72 ′ constitute a coating part 74 of the field lens 22.

  FIG. 5 illustrates a fifth embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention. In this case, the light emitting member 20 ′ includes a light emitter 76 that generates light by excitation with electromagnetic radiation. This electromagnetic radiation can be generated in the form of light by using a light source 18 disposed away from the light emitter 7 as in the first embodiment, and the light source can be constituted by the LED 42 again. . The light generated by the LED 42 can be guided to the light emitter 76 through the hole 46 in the field lens 22 as in the first embodiment. The light emitter 76 includes a phosphorescent material for generating light.

  A possible variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 5 is that the hole 46 is omitted and light is guided directly to the light emitter 76 through the optical axis of the optical system 10. The deformation of the light beam that can occur in this case can be corrected using the light beam shaping element 44. In both the embodiment according to FIG. 5 and the above-described variation, the optical filter that allows the light from the light emitter 76 to pass through without being blocked or almost unblocked but blocks the light emitted from the light source 18 is imaged. It can be placed in front of the machine 12. In this way, scattered light from the illumination is prevented from reaching the image photographing device 12. This variation is based on the idea that the light generated by the light emitter 76 is light having a longer wavelength than the light emitted from the normal light source 18.

2 This device 4 Inner surface 6 Hollow space 8 Work piece 10 Optical system 12 Image taking device 14 Evaluation device 16 Illumination device 18 Light source 20, 20 ′ One or both of light emitting member and polarizing member 22 Field lens 28 Apex of field lens 22 30 Optical Optical axis of system 10 32 mirror 34 mirror 36 cylinder 38 digital camera 40 image sensor 42 LED
44 light beam shaping element 46 hole 48 inner surface 50, 52, 54, 56 of hole 46 partial light beam 60 light source element 62 energy supply means 64, 64 ′ energy supply wiring 66 induction coil device 68 transmission coil 70 reception coil 72, 72 ′ electrode 74 Coating part 76 Light emitter

Claims (18)

An imaging apparatus and an evaluation apparatus disposed thereafter, an optical system connected so as to be able to transmit an image, and an illumination apparatus including a light source that illuminates an imaging range of an inner surface detected by the optical system In an apparatus for photographing the inner surface of a hollow space in an object,
The lens (22) of the optical system is equipped with at least one of the light emitting member and / or the polarizing member (20, 20 ') of the illumination device (16).   One or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member (20, 20 ') are arranged outside the field of view of the optical system (10) used for photographing the inner surface (4). The device described in 1.   One or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member (20, 20 ′) is arranged in a region or apex (28) of the apex (28) of the lens (22) of the optical system (10). The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.   One or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member (20, 20 ') are arranged in the region of the optical axis (20) or the optical axis (20) of the optical system (10). The apparatus according to any one of 1 to 3.   One or both of the light emitting member and the polarizing member (20, 20 ') are arranged at the far end (32) of the optical system (10). Device.   6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the polarizing member (20) comprises at least one mirror (34).   7. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light emitting member (20) is a light source element (60) provided with energy supply means (62).   8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the energy supply means (62) is configured to transmit energy to the light source element (60) in a wireless manner or to transmit energy. .   9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said energy supply means (62) comprises at least one induction coil device (66).   Device according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one coil of the induction coil device (66) is arranged outside the field of view of the optical system (10) used for photographing the inner surface (4). .   Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the coil is a receiving coil (70).   The light source element (60) is connected to the energy supply means (62) via at least one energy supply wiring (64, 64 '). Device.   The electrode (72, 72 ') for electrically connecting the energy supply wiring (64, 64') to the light source element (60) is made of an optically transparent material. Item 13. The device according to Item 12.   14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one electrode (72, 72 ') constitutes a coating (74) of the lens (22) of the optical system (10).   15. The device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting member (20) comprises at least one light emitter (76) that generates light by excitation with electromagnetic radiation. .   The first axial section of the shooting range can be illuminated by bright field illumination, and at the same time, the second axial section of the shooting range spaced apart from the first axial section can be illuminated by dark field illumination. The illumination device (16) is arranged relative to the optical system (10) and the optical path is selected so as to illuminate or illuminate. The device according to any one of the above.   17. The device according to claim 1, wherein the optical system (10) is an all-field optical system.   The lens (22) on which at least one of the light emitting member and the polarizing member (20, 20 ') is mounted is a field lens (22) of the optical system (10). 18. The device according to any one of items 17 to 17.

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