JP2013061538A - Device for imparting acoustic effect, and piano - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To impart an acoustic effect to the sound made by an acoustic piano while preserving its natural feeling.SOLUTION: In a grand piano, a stroke on a string 5 by a hammer 4 is detected, and a vibration part 50 is vibrated with a driving waveform signal obtained by synthesizing a sine-wave signal of the fundamental frequency and a sine-wave signal of harmonic frequencies of the string 5. The vibration is conducted to the string 5 via a sounding board 7 and a bridge 6, and the vibration of the string 5 is thereby excited by the stroke by the hammer 4 and the driving waveform signal to impart an acoustic effect corresponding to the driving waveform signal. At this time, since the driving waveform signal is a simple one using a sine-wave signal according to the fundamental frequency of the string 5, the sound can still have a natural feeling of an acoustic piano even after being imparted with an acoustic effect.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for changing the sound of an acoustic piano.

  In an acoustic piano, a technique for changing the sound generated by a performance has been developed. For example, there is a technique using an electronic sound source that outputs an audio signal such as a musical instrument sound according to the behavior of a key. In this case, an instrument sound from the electronic sound source is generated along with the sound from the acoustic piano or in a mute state where this sound is not generated. When sound from an electronic sound source is used in this way, the natural feeling due to the sound of an acoustic piano may not be reproduced. Therefore, in order to give a sound effect while maintaining a natural piano sound, a vibration signal generated by the acoustic piano is extracted in real time, and a soundboard drive signal is generated by performing arithmetic processing to give the sound effect. A technique for vibrating the soundboard has also been developed (for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-73039

Depending on the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, an acoustic effect can be imparted by outputting a soundboard drive signal using a soundboard as a speaker, while a soundboard drive signal including various frequency components. In some cases, the vibration of the soundboard due to the sound reaches the vibrating string due to hammering. In this case, depending on the relationship between the two vibrations, the pronunciation may change to unintended pronunciation content, and the acoustic feel of the piano sound may be less natural for an acoustic piano.
An object of the present invention is to impart an acoustic effect to the pronunciation while leaving the natural feeling of an acoustic piano.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a sound used for a piano having a plurality of keys, strings provided corresponding to the keys, and a hammer that strikes the strings corresponding to the keys by operating the keys. An effect applying device that detects a hit on the string by the hammer, and outputs a sine wave signal having a frequency corresponding to a fundamental frequency of the hit string based on a detection result by the detection unit There is provided a sound effect imparting apparatus comprising: a signal output means for transmitting the signal and a signal transmission means for transmitting the output sine wave signal to the string.

  In another preferred aspect, the signal output means outputs a sine wave signal having a frequency n times (n is an integer of 1 or more) a fundamental frequency of the hit string.

  In another preferred embodiment, the amplitude of the sine wave signal transmitted to the string changes with time in a predetermined manner corresponding to the hit string.

  In another preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises storage means for storing a plurality of setting information defining a fundamental frequency for each of the strings, and specifying means for specifying any of the setting information according to a user instruction. The signal output means outputs the sine wave signal having a frequency determined based on the specified setting information.

  Further, the present invention detects a plurality of keys, a string provided corresponding to the key, a hammer that strikes a string corresponding to the key by operating the key, and hitting the string by the hammer Detecting means for outputting, a signal output means for outputting a sine wave signal having a frequency corresponding to a fundamental frequency of the hit string based on a detection result by the detecting means, and the output sine wave signal to the string. A piano characterized by comprising a signal transmission means for transmitting is provided.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the acoustic effect can be provided to the pronunciation, leaving the natural feeling of an acoustic piano.

It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the grand piano in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the internal structure of the grand piano in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the attachment position of the vibration part in embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the sound source device in embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the acoustic effect provision apparatus in embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the signal output part in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the content of the basic characteristic key table in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the specific example of the basic characteristic key table in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the content of the fundamental tone OSC key table in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the content of the fundamental AEG key table in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the internal structure of the upright piano in the modification 1 of this invention. It is a figure explaining the internal structure of the grand piano in the modification 2 of this invention.

<Embodiment>
[overall structure]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a grand piano 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The grand piano 1 has, on the front surface thereof, a keyboard on which a plurality of keys 2 to be performed by a performer are arranged, and a pedal 3. The grand piano 1 includes a sound source device 10 having an operation panel 13 on the front surface portion and a touch panel 60 provided on the music stand portion. The user's instruction can be input to the sound source device 10 by operating the operation panel 13 and the touch panel 60.

  The grand piano 1 is capable of sounding in a sounding mode according to a user instruction among a plurality of sounding modes. In this sound generation mode, a sound similar to that of a general grand piano, a normal sound generation mode in which sound is generated only by hammering with a hammer, and a sound to be generated with sound effects in a form realized by the sound effect applying device of the present invention. An effect imparting mode and a mute mode in which the sound is muted by blocking the hammering by a hammer and sounded by an electronic sound source are included. Note that the normal sound generation mode and the mute mode may not exist.

  The grand piano 1 can be operated in a performance mode according to a user's instruction among a plurality of performance modes. This performance mode includes a normal performance mode in which a user performs a performance operation and generates a sound, and an automatic performance mode in which a key is automatically driven to generate a sound. Note that either one of the performance modes may not exist.

[Configuration of Grand Piano 1]
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the internal structure of the grand piano 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the configuration provided corresponding to each key 2 is shown by focusing on one key 2, and the description provided for the portions provided corresponding to the other keys 2 is omitted. Yes.

  Below the rear end side of each key 2 (the back side of the key 2 as viewed from the user who performs), when the performance mode is the automatic performance mode, a key drive unit 30 that drives the key 2 using a solenoid is provided. Is provided. The key drive unit 30 drives the solenoid in response to a control signal from the sound source device 10. The key drive unit 30 reproduces the same state as when the user pressed the key by driving the solenoid and raising the plunger, while the same state as when the user released the key by lowering the plunger To reproduce. As described above, the difference between the normal performance mode and the automatic performance mode is whether the key 2 is driven by a user operation or the key driving unit 30.

  The hammer 4 is provided corresponding to each key 2, and when the key 2 is pressed, a force is transmitted via an action mechanism (not shown) to move, and the string 5 corresponding to each key 2 is hit. Further, the damper 8 is brought into a non-contact state or a contact state with the string 5 in accordance with the depression amount of the key 2 and the depression amount of the damper pedal (hereinafter simply referred to as a damper pedal in the case of the pedal 3) among the pedals 3. . When the damper 8 is in contact with the string 5, the damper 8 suppresses vibration of the string 5.

  The stopper 40 is a member that prevents the hammer 4 from hitting the string 5 when the mute mode is set. That is, when the sound generation mode is set to the mute mode, the hammer shank collides with the stopper 40 to prevent the hammer 4 from striking the string 5, while when the mode is set to a mode other than the mute mode, the stopper 40 is , It moves to the position where it doesn't collide with the hammer shank.

  The key sensor 22 is provided below each key 2, and outputs a detection signal corresponding to the behavior of the key 2 to the sound source device 10. In this example, the key sensor 22 detects the pressing amount of the key 2 and outputs a detection signal indicating the detection result to the sound source device 10. Note that the key sensor 22 outputs a detection signal corresponding to the pressing amount of the key 2, but a detection signal indicating that the key 2 has passed a specific pressing position may be output. The specific pressing position is any position in the range from the rest position of the key 2 to the end position, and is preferably a plurality of positions. As described above, the detection signal output from the key sensor 22 may be any signal as long as it allows the sound source device 10 to recognize the behavior of the key 2.

  The hammer sensor 24 is provided corresponding to each hammer 4 and outputs a detection signal corresponding to the behavior of the hammer 4 to the sound source device 10. In this example, the hammer sensor 24 detects the moving speed immediately before the hammer 5 strikes the string 5 and outputs a detection signal indicating the detection result to the sound source device 10. The detection signal does not have to indicate the movement speed of the hammer 4 itself, and the movement speed may be calculated in the sound source device 10 as a detection signal in another aspect. For example, a detection signal indicating that the hammer shank has passed may be output for two positions where the hammer shank passes while the hammer 4 is moving, or after passing through one position, the other position. A detection signal indicating the time until passing through may be output. As described above, the detection signal output from the hammer sensor 24 may be any signal as long as it allows the sound source device 10 to recognize the behavior of the hammer 4.

  The pedal sensor 23 is provided corresponding to each pedal 3, and outputs a detection signal corresponding to the behavior of the pedal 3 to the sound source device 10. In this example, the depression amount of the pedal 3 is detected, and a detection signal indicating the detection result is output to the sound source device 10. The pedal sensor 23 outputs a detection signal corresponding to the depression amount of the pedal 3, but a detection signal indicating that the pedal 3 has passed a specific depression position may be output. The specific depressing position is any position within the range from the pedal rest position to the end position, and is a depressing position where the damper 8 and the string 5 can be completely distinguished from the non-contact state. Desirably, it is more desirable to be able to detect the state of the half pedal by setting a plurality of positions as specific depression positions. As described above, the detection signal output from the pedal sensor 23 may be any signal as long as it allows the sound source device 10 to recognize the behavior of the pedal 3.

  The sound source device 10 uses the detection signals output from the key sensor 22, the pedal sensor 23, and the hammer sensor 24 to cause the tone generator 10 to strike the hammer 4 against the string 5 (key-on timing), the striking speed (velocity), and the strings. If the vibration suppression timing (key-off timing) of the damper 8 with respect to 5 can be specified corresponding to each key 2 (key number), the key sensor 22, the pedal sensor 23, and the hammer sensor 24 are The result of detecting the behavior of the key 2, the pedal 3, and the hammer 4 may be output as a detection signal in another mode.

The soundboard 7 is connected to the soundbar 75 and the piece 6, and transmits the vibration of the soundboard 7 to each string 5 through the piece 6, and the vibration of each string 5 is transmitted through the piece 6.
In addition, the vibration unit 50 is connected to the soundboard 7. The vibration unit 50 includes an actuator that transmits vibration to the soundboard 7 and a drive circuit that drives the actuator. This drive circuit amplifies the drive waveform signal output from the sound source device 10 and supplies it to the actuator, thereby causing the actuator to vibrate with the waveform indicated by the drive waveform signal. Further, the vibration unit 50 is supported by a support unit 55 connected to the direct column 9 and is connected to the soundboard 7. Note that the vibration unit 50 may be supported by the soundboard 7 without using the support unit 55. In this case, the vibration unit 50 transmits vibration according to the drive waveform signal to the soundboard 7 by inertial force.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the attachment position of the vibration unit 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the vibration unit 50 is connected between a plurality of sounding bars 75 in the sounding board 7. In this example, the plurality of vibrating parts 50 are connected to the soundboard 7, but may be one. Further, the vibration unit 50 may be connected to the sounding rod 75. The vibration unit 50 may be provided at the position of the soundboard 7 corresponding to the piece 6. In this case, the soundboard 7 is sandwiched between the vibration part 50 and the piece 6.

[Configuration of Sound Source Device 10]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the sound source device 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The sound source device 10 includes a control unit 11, a storage unit 12, an operation panel 13, a communication unit 14, a signal generation unit 15, and an interface 16. Each of these components is connected via a bus.
The control unit 11 includes a calculation device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), and a storage device such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory). The control unit 11 controls each component connected to each unit of the sound source device 10 and the interface 16 based on a control program stored in the recording device. In this example, the control unit 11 causes the sound source device 10 and a part of the configuration connected to the sound source device 10 to function as the acoustic effect applying device 100 (see FIG. 5) by executing the control program.

  The storage unit 12 stores setting information indicating various setting contents used when executing the control program. The setting information is information for determining the content of the drive waveform signal generated in the signal generator 15 based on detection signals output from the key sensor 22, the pedal sensor 23, and the hammer sensor 24. For example, a table that defines the relationship between the pressed key 2 and the generated drive waveform signal is included. The storage unit 12 stores a plurality of pieces of setting information having different contents. Details of the contents of the setting information will be described later.

  The operation panel 13 includes operation buttons that accept user operations. When a user's operation is accepted by this operation button, an operation signal corresponding to the operation is output to the control unit 11. The touch panel 60 connected to the interface 16 has a display screen such as a liquid crystal display, and a touch sensor that receives a user operation is provided on a surface portion of the display screen. This display screen includes a selection screen for selecting one setting information from among a plurality of setting information stored in the storage unit 12 through control via the interface 16 of the control unit 11, settings for various modes, and the like. Various information such as a setting screen to be performed and a score is displayed. When a user operation is received by the touch sensor, an operation signal corresponding to the operation is output to the control unit 11 via the interface 16. An instruction from the user to the sound source device 10 is input by an operation accepted by the operation panel 13 and the touch panel 60.

  The communication unit 14 is an interface that communicates with other devices by wireless, wired, or the like. The interface may be connected to a disk drive that reads various data recorded on a recording medium such as a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) or a CD (Compact Disk) and outputs the read data. Data input to the sound source device 10 via the communication unit 14 is, for example, music data used for automatic performance.

The signal generation unit 15 has a sound source that generates a sine wave signal under the control of the control unit 11, adjusts the envelope, and outputs it as a drive waveform signal.
The interface 16 is an interface that connects the sound source device 10 and external components. In this example, the components connected to the interface 16 are a key sensor 22, a pedal sensor 23, a hammer sensor 24, a key drive unit 30, a vibration unit 50, and a touch panel 60. The interface 16 outputs a detection signal output from the key sensor 22, the pedal sensor 23, the hammer sensor 24 and an operation signal output from the touch panel 60 to the control unit 11. In addition, the interface 16 outputs the control signal output from the control unit 11 to the key drive unit 30 and outputs the drive waveform signal output from the signal generation unit 15 to the vibration unit 50.
Then, the acoustic effect provision apparatus 100 which functions when the control part 11 runs a control program is demonstrated.

[Functional configuration of acoustic effect applying apparatus 100]
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the acoustic effect applying apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The acoustic effect imparting apparatus 100 includes a specifying unit 110, a detection unit 120, a signal output unit 130, and a signal transmission unit 140. As shown in FIG. 5, when the key 2 is operated, the hammer 4 strikes the string 5 and the string 5 vibrates. Further, the damper 8 is operated by the operation of the key 2 and the operation of the pedal 3. The vibration suppression state of the string 5 is changed by the operation of the damper 8.

  Using the touch panel 60, the specifying unit 110 receives a user operation for selecting one setting information from a plurality of setting information stored in the storage unit 12. Further, the identifying unit 110 identifies the selected setting information as setting information used in the signal output unit 130 by the control unit 11.

  The detection unit 120 detects the behavior of the key 2, the pedal 3, and the hammer 4 using the key sensor 22, the pedal sensor 23, and the hammer sensor 24, respectively. Further, the detection unit 120 corresponds to the hitting timing (key-on timing) of the string 5 by the hammer 4 and the hit string 5 based on the detection signals output from the key sensor 22, the pedal sensor 23, and the hammer sensor 24. The control unit 11 uses the number of the key 2 (key number), the striking speed (velocity), and the vibration suppression timing (key-off timing) of the damper 8 with respect to the string 5 as information (musical sound control information) used by the signal output unit 130. Identify. In this example, the detection unit 120 specifies the hit timing and the key 2 number from the behavior of the key 2, specifies the hit speed from the behavior of the hammer 4, and the vibration suppression timing from the key 2 and the pedal 3. It is specified from the behavior. The hitting timing may be specified from the behavior of the hammer 4, and the hitting speed may be specified from the behavior of the key 2.

  The detection unit 120 outputs to the signal output unit 130 musical tone control information indicating the key number, velocity, and key-on at the specified key-on timing. Further, the detection unit 120 outputs to the signal output unit 130 musical tone control information indicating the key number and the key-off at the key-off timing.

  Based on the musical tone control information output from the detection unit 120, the signal output unit 130 generates a sine wave signal from the signal generation unit 15 and outputs the sine wave signal to the signal transmission unit 140 as a drive waveform signal. Here, the generation mode of the sine wave signal is instructed by the control unit 11 based on the setting information specified by the specifying unit 110. A detailed functional configuration of the signal output unit 130 will be described later.

The signal transmission unit 140 transmits the drive waveform signal from the signal output unit 130 to the string 5. The signal transmission unit 140 supplies the drive waveform signal to the vibration unit 50 to vibrate the actuator, and transmits the vibration indicated by the drive waveform signal to the string 5 via the soundboard 7 and the piece 6. Note that the vibration of the string 5 due to the hammering of the hammer 4 is also transmitted to the piece 6 and the soundboard 7.
Next, a detailed functional configuration of the signal output unit 130 will be described with reference to FIG.

[Functional configuration of signal output unit 130]
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the signal output unit 130 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The signal output unit 130 includes a sound generation control unit 131 realized by the control unit 11, a sine wave generation unit 132 realized by the signal generation unit 15, an envelope adjustment unit 133, and a synthesis unit 134. In this example, the sine wave generator 132 includes a fundamental tone OSC (Oscillator), a second harmonic OSC, a third harmonic OSC, and a fourth harmonic OSC. The fundamental tone OSC, the second harmonic OSC, the third harmonic OSC, and the fourth harmonic OSC each output a sine wave signal according to the control of the sound generation control unit 131.

  The envelope adjustment unit 133 includes a fundamental tone AEG (Amplitude Envelope Generator), a second harmonic AEG, a third harmonic AEG, and a fourth harmonic AEG. The fundamental tone AEG, the second harmonic AEG, the third harmonic AEG, and the fourth harmonic AEG are provided corresponding to the fundamental tone OSC, the second harmonic OSC, the third harmonic OSC, and the fourth harmonic OSC. The amplitude change of the input sine wave signal is expressed as follows: It adjusts and outputs according to control of the sound generation control part 131.

The synthesizer 134 synthesizes (adds) the sine wave signals output from the envelope adjustment unit 133 and outputs the sine wave signals to the signal transmission unit 140 as drive waveform signals.
The sound generation control unit 131 controls the operations of the sine wave generation unit 132 and the envelope adjustment unit 133 based on the setting information specified by the specification unit 110 and the musical tone control information output by the detection unit 120. That is, the sound generation control unit 131 controls the frequency, amplitude, and the like of the sine wave signal output from the envelope adjustment unit 133.

  Here, the contents of the setting information will be described. In this example, the setting information includes a plurality of tables. The plurality of tables are a basic characteristic key table that defines the relationship between the key number and the overall control parameter of the sine wave generator 132, a fundamental tone OSC key table that defines the relationship between the key number and the control parameter of the fundamental tone OSC, and the key number and fundamental tone. A fundamental AEG key table that defines AEG control parameters is included. The setting information includes the second harmonic OSC key table, the third harmonic OSC key table, the fourth harmonic OSC key table, and the relationship between the control parameters of the second harmonic OSC, the third harmonic OSC, the fourth harmonic OSC and the key number, as in the fundamental tone OSC key table. Tables are also included. Similar to the fundamental AEG key table, the second harmonic AEG key table, the third harmonic AEG key table, the fourth harmonic AEG key table, and the fourth harmonic AEG key table that define the relationship between the control parameters and key numbers of the second harmonic AEG, third harmonic AEG, and fourth harmonic AEG. A key table is also included.

  In the following description, the second overtone OSC key table, the third overtone OSC key table, and the fourth overtone OSC key table are different from the basic tone OSC key table in that they are applied only, and thus the description thereof is omitted. Similarly, the second harmonic AEG key table, the third harmonic AEG key table, and the fourth harmonic AEG key table are different from the fundamental AEG key table in that they are applied only, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

  Also, a plurality of types of information defining the relationship between velocity and amplitude level (velocity curve) is included in the setting information. This information may be provided separately from the setting information. Also, information that defines parameters for controlling the degree of effectiveness of the damper pedal (effect at the time of half pedaling) according to the depression amount of the pedal 3 may be provided.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the contents of the basic characteristic key table in the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of the basic characteristic key table in the embodiment of the present invention. In the basic characteristic key table, for a key number (Key No.), fundamental pitch (tuning), main volume (volume), inharmonicity parameter, and velocity adjustment (velocity adjust) are defined.

The fundamental pitch is determined as a parameter (tn1, tn2,...) Corresponding to the fundamental frequency of the string 5 that is hit by the hammer 4 when the key 2 corresponding to the key number is pressed, and is generated in the fundamental OSC. This parameter determines the frequency of the sine wave signal. In this example, this parameter represents the amount of deviation from the equal temperament by a cent value, and is defined by, for example, the relationship shown in FIG. This relationship is an example of a plurality of setting information stored in the storage unit 12.
Note that this parameter may represent the amount of deviation in terms of frequency, or may be determined by the pitch frequency itself.

  The degree of incongruity is determined as a parameter (ih1, ih2,...) Indicating the degree of incongruity (inharmonicity) of an acoustic piano in which the frequency of the nth harmonic is slightly larger than n times the fundamental frequency. This parameter determines the frequency of the sine wave signal generated in the second harmonic OSC, the third harmonic OSC, and the fourth harmonic OSC. This parameter (inharmonicity parameter) may be defined in any way, but in this example, it corresponds to the parameter b value disclosed in JP-A-4-191894, It is determined by the relationship shown in FIG. This relationship is an example of a plurality of setting information stored in the storage unit 12.

The main volume is defined as a parameter (vm1, vm2,...) For overall control of the amplitude of the sine wave signal generated by the sine wave generator 132.
The velocity adjustment is defined as parameters (va1, va2,...) Indicating the applied velocity curve.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the contents of the fundamental OSC key table in the embodiment of the present invention. In the fundamental tone OSC key table, a multiple, a secondary volume (level), a phase (phase), and a pitch (pitch adjust) are defined for a key number (Key No.).
The multiple is defined as a parameter (mp1, mp2,...) That determines the relationship between the frequency of the sine wave signal generated in the fundamental tone OSC and the fundamental tone pitch. Usually, in the fundamental tone OSC key table, it is determined as “1 time” for all key numbers, and in the 2nd tone OSC key table, 3rd tone OSC key table, 4th tone OSC key table, “2 times”, “3” “Times” and “4 times”.

  The sub-volume is defined as a parameter (lv1, lv2,...) For controlling the amplitude of the sine wave signal generated in the fundamental tone OSC. The amplitude of the sine wave signal output from the fundamental tone OSC is determined by the output level determined by the velocity curve shown in the velocity adjustment, the main volume, and the sub volume. And the time change of the amplitude is controlled by the fundamental tone AEG. Usually, the second harmonic OSC key table is smaller than the sub-volume in the fundamental tone OSC key table, and the third harmonic OSC key table and the fourth harmonic OSC key table are smaller.

The phase is determined as a parameter (ph1, ph2,...) For controlling the phase of the sine wave signal generated in the fundamental tone OSC.
The pitch is defined as a parameter (ps1, ps2,...) For shifting the frequency of the sine wave signal generated in the fundamental tone OSC from the frequency determined by the basic characteristic key table.
Note that the sine wave signal output from the fundamental tone OSC defined by the fundamental tone OSC key table is not limited to a combination of these parameters, and can be defined in various modes.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the contents of the fundamental AEG key table in the embodiment of the present invention. In the fundamental AEG key table, a parameter (ADSR) that defines an envelope is determined for a key number (Key No.). In this example, an attack time, a decay time, a decay level (decay) level), sustain time, and release time are specified.

The attack time is determined as a parameter (at1, at2,...) Of time from key-on until the amplitude of the sine wave signal reaches the maximum amplitude (attack level). The decay time is determined as a parameter (dt1, dt2,...) Of time until the amplitude of the sine wave signal reaches from the attack level to the decay level. The decay level is defined as parameters (dl1, dl2,...). The sustain time is determined as a parameter (st1, st2,...) Of time until the amplitude of the sine wave signal is attenuated from the decay level to 0 when the key-on state is maintained (when there is no key-off). It has been. The release time is determined as a parameter of time (rt1, rt2,...) Until the amplitude of the sine wave signal is attenuated to 0 after key-off.
The envelope defined by the fundamental AEG key table is not limited to a combination of these parameters, and can be defined in various ways.

  Returning to FIG. 6, the description will be continued. The sound generation control unit 131 refers to each table in the setting information specified by the specification unit 110 and controls the operations of the sine wave generation unit 132 and the envelope adjustment unit 133 based on the musical tone control information output by the detection unit 120. To do. For example, when the key number, velocity, and key-on tone control information is input, the sound generation control unit 131 refers to the setting information and outputs a sine wave signal to the sine wave generation unit 132 using various parameters corresponding to the key number. Generate a drive waveform signal. When the key-off tone control information is input, the generation of the sine wave signal in the sine wave generation unit 132 is stopped after the release time has elapsed.

Note that only one set of the sine wave generation unit 132 and the envelope adjustment unit 133 shown in FIG. 6 is illustrated, but there are actually a plurality of sets. Thereby, when the musical tone control information output from the detection unit 120 is in a key-on state for a plurality of key numbers at the same time, one set is assigned corresponding to each key number. Then, the sine wave signals output from each set are synthesized by the synthesis unit 134.
The above is the description of the functional configuration of the acoustic effect imparting apparatus 100.

[Operation example]
Then, the operation example of the grand piano 1 in embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. First, the user operates the touch panel 60 to set the performance mode as the normal performance mode and the sound generation mode as the sound effect imparting mode. In addition, the user operates the touch panel 60 to select setting information in which the content desired by the user is defined from among a plurality of setting information stored in the storage unit 12.
In the following description, it is assumed that the selected setting information is defined so that the drive waveform signal shows vibration close to the actual string 5. For example, the fundamental pitch in the basic characteristic key table is determined to match the fundamental frequency of the string 5. Also, the degree of incongruity is determined so that a sine wave signal having a frequency of the second harmonic, third harmonic, and fourth harmonic of the string 5 is included in the drive waveform signal. Each parameter is determined so that the envelope of the amplitude of the drive waveform signal (or each sine wave signal) also substantially matches the vibration attenuation mode of the string 5.

When the user operates the key 2, the string 5 corresponding to the operated key 2 is hit by the hammer 4 and vibrates. On the other hand, the detection timing of the hammer 4 is specified by the detection unit 120, so that a drive waveform signal is output from the signal output unit 130. When the vibration unit 50 vibrates with the waveform indicated by the drive waveform signal, the soundboard 7 also vibrates and is transmitted to the string 5 via the piece 6.
This drive waveform signal is a signal obtained by synthesizing a sine wave signal having a fundamental frequency of the string 5 struck by the hammer 4 and a second harmonic frequency, a third harmonic frequency, and a fourth harmonic frequency in consideration of inharmonicity. is there.

  Therefore, the drive waveform signal is transmitted to the strings 5 hit by the hammer 4 more effectively than the other strings 5. Thereby, the vibration of the string 5 is excited not only by the hammer 4 but also by the drive waveform signal, and an acoustic effect corresponding to the drive waveform signal is applied. Further, the drive waveform signal transmitted to the string 5 whose vibration is excited by the hammer 4 is composed of simple signals such as a fundamental frequency of the string 5 and a sine wave signal of the harmonic frequency. Excess frequency components found in the sampled sound are not included. Therefore, even if the drive waveform signal is transmitted to the string 5, the natural feeling of an acoustic piano can be left.

<Modification>
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention can be implemented in various aspects as follows.
[Modification 1]
In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the acoustic effect imparting device 100 is used for a grand piano has been described, but it may be used for an upright piano.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an internal structure of the upright piano 1A according to the first modification of the present invention. In FIG. 11, each component of the upright piano 1 </ b> A is denoted by a symbol obtained by adding “A” to a symbol corresponding to each component of the grand piano 1 in the embodiment. Also in the case of the upright piano 1A, the vibration part 50A is supported by the support part 55A connected to the support column 9A and connected to the soundboard 7A. Similarly to the embodiment, the vibration unit 50A is connected between the sounding bars 75A in the sounding board 7A. Therefore, also in this example, as in the embodiment, the drive waveform signal generated according to the string hitting is transmitted to the string 5A via the soundboard 7A and the piece 6A due to the vibration of the vibration unit 50A.
Thus, the acoustic effect imparting device 100 can be used in an acoustic piano such as a grand piano or an upright piano.

[Modification 2]
In the embodiment described above, the signal transmission unit 140 that transmits the drive waveform signal to the string 5 is configured by the vibration unit 50, the soundboard 7 and the piece 6, but may be configured in another manner. For example, the vibration part 50 may be attached to the piece 6 and the piece 6 may be vibrated to transmit the drive waveform signal to the string 5. In this case, the signal transmission unit 140 includes the vibration unit 50 and the piece 6.
Further, the drive waveform signal may be directly transmitted to the string 5. In this case, the following configuration may be used.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the internal structure of the grand piano 1B according to the second modification of the present invention. The signal transmission unit 140 in this example is configured by a drive magnet 50B. The drive magnet 50 </ b> B is an electromagnet, and generates a magnetic force having a strength corresponding to the waveform indicated by the drive waveform signal input from the signal output unit 130. Due to the generation of this magnetic force, the string 5 is excited to vibrate in the waveform indicated by the drive waveform signal, and the drive waveform signal is transmitted. The drive magnet 50B may be provided so as to exert a magnetic force on all the strings 5 corresponding to each key 2. In addition, it is good also as a structure which excites a vibration for every string 5 by providing the drive magnet 50B corresponding to each string 5. FIG. In this case, the signal output unit 130 may output a drive waveform signal to the drive magnet 50B that excites vibration in the string 5 corresponding to the key number.

[Modification 3]
In the above-described embodiment, a plurality of types of setting information are stored in the storage unit 12, but only one type of setting information may be stored. In this case, since the setting information stored in the storage unit 12 may be used in the signal output unit 130, the specifying unit 110 is unnecessary.

[Modification 4]
In the above-described embodiment, the plural types of setting information stored in the storage unit 12 may be associated with a temperament. For example, it may be stored as setting information for equal temperament and setting information for pure temperament. The pure temperament setting information may be present for each basic sound. In this way, when the user tunes the piano, the user may select setting information corresponding to the tune after tuning.

[Modification 5]
In the above-described embodiment, the sine wave generation unit 132 has the fundamental tone OSC, the second harmonic OSC, the third harmonic OSC, and the fourth harmonic OSC. However, the sine wave generator 132 may have more OSCs, or more. You may have few OSCs. That is, the sine wave generation unit 132 may be configured to have the n-th overtone OSC (n is an integer of 1 or more). Moreover, only fundamental tone OSC may be sufficient. In the case of only the fundamental tone OSC, the drive waveform signal is a sine wave signal of the fundamental frequency of the string 5, but the string 5 to which the drive waveform signal is transmitted does not increase only the vibration component of the fundamental frequency, and is driven. Overtone components also increase due to the energy of the waveform signal.

[Modification 6]
In the embodiment described above, the setting information selected in the description of the operation example includes the sine wave signal of the fundamental frequency of the string 5 and the sine wave signal of the frequency of the second harmonic, the third harmonic, and the fourth harmonic in consideration of the inharmonicity. Was generated. The setting information is not limited to information that generates a sine wave signal in such a manner. Depending on this, an effect different from the acoustic effect described in the operation example in the embodiment is given, but the user may select the setting information as appropriate according to the desired acoustic effect. Hereinafter, a sine wave signal generated by the setting information will be exemplified.

As a first example, a sine wave signal having a fundamental frequency is the same as that in the embodiment, and a sine wave signal having a frequency of the second harmonic, the third harmonic, and the fourth harmonic is not considered in inharmonicity and the fundamental frequency is not considered. The frequency may be double, triple, or quadruple. In this case, a sine wave signal that coincides with the fundamental frequency of the string 5 is output, and a sine wave signal having a frequency different from that of the string 5 is output for harmonics due to the influence of inharmonicity.
As a second example, the overall frequency of each sine wave signal may be shifted several cents.
As a third example, the output of the sine wave signal from the fundamental tone OSC may not be output, and only the output of the sine wave signal from the second harmonic OSC, the third harmonic OSC, and the fourth harmonic OSC may be used. In this case, the drive waveform signal transmitted to the string 5 struck by the hammer 4 does not include a sine wave signal having a fundamental frequency. Note that the frequency of the sine wave signal output from the second harmonic OSC, the third harmonic OSC, and the fourth harmonic OSC may be a frequency that does not consider inharmonicity as in the first example.

  As shown in each example described above, various setting examples can be applied as long as the setting information is determined so that the frequency of the sine wave signal output from each OSC corresponding to the fundamental frequency of the string 5 is determined. . By using these various setting information, various acoustic effects can be imparted.

[Modification 7]
In the above-described embodiment, the plurality of vibration units 50 are configured to vibrate with the same drive waveform signal, but may be configured to vibrate with different drive waveform signals. For example, the plurality of vibration units 50 are configured to include actuators having different frequency characteristics of vibration characteristics. And the signal output part 130 should just be made to output the sine wave signal output from the sine wave generation part 132 to the vibration part 50 which has an actuator which vibrates efficiently in the frequency of the sine wave signal.

  Further, the vibration unit 50 may be arranged along the direction in which the strings 5 are arranged. In this case, the signal output unit 130 may output the drive waveform signal output corresponding to the string 5 to the vibration unit 50 closest to the string 5 hit by the hammer 4.

[Modification 8]
In the embodiment described above, the envelope adjustment unit 133 includes the fundamental tone AEG, the second harmonic AEG, the third harmonic AEG, and the fourth harmonic AEG corresponding to the fundamental tone OSC, the second harmonic OSC, the third harmonic OSC, and the fourth harmonic OSC. Although the envelope can be adjusted in accordance with the sine wave signal, each AEG may adjust the same envelope. In this case, a configuration may be provided in which the envelope of the drive waveform signal output from the synthesis unit 134 is adjusted without using the envelope adjustment unit 133.

[Modification 9]
In the embodiment described above, the setting information defines parameters such as the frequency of the sine wave signal in a table format. However, the setting information defines parameters in other formats such as an arithmetic expression using a key number as a variable. May be.

[Modification 10]
In the embodiment described above, the detection unit 120 detects the behavior of the key 2 or the hammer 4 and specifies the timing of striking the string 5 by the hammer 4, but it may be detected by another mode. For example, the detection unit 120 detects vibrations of the strings 5 due to the hammer 4 being hit by a piezo pickup or a magnetic pickup provided corresponding to each string 5, and the key 2 corresponding to the strings 5 where the vibration is detected is detected. The number may be specified, and the detected timing may be specified as the striking timing of the string 5. Further, the detection unit 120 may detect the sound caused by the vibration of the string 5 using a microphone or the like, identify the vibrated string 5 by analyzing the frequency distribution of the sound, and specify the number of the key 2 and the hit timing. Good.

[Modification 11]
Each program in the above-described embodiment is provided in a state stored in a computer-readable recording medium such as a magnetic recording medium (magnetic tape, magnetic disk, etc.), an optical recording medium (optical disk, etc.), a magneto-optical recording medium, or a semiconductor memory. Can do. The grand piano 1 may download each program via a network.

1, 1B ... Grand piano, 1A ... Upright piano, 2, 2A ... Key, 3, 3A ... Pedal, 4, 4A ... Hammer, 5, 5A ... String, 6, 6A ... Piece, 7, 7A ... Soundboard, 8, 8A ... damper, 9 ... straight support, 9A ... support, 10 ... sound source device, 11 ... control unit, 12 ... storage unit, 13 ... operation panel, 14 ... communication unit, 15 ... signal generation unit, 16 ... interface, 22, 22A ... key sensor, 23, 23A ... pedal sensor, 24, 24A ... hammer sensor, 30, 30A ... key drive unit, 40, 40A ... stopper, 50, 50A ... vibration unit, 50B ... drive magnet, 55, 55A DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Support part, 60 ... Touch panel, 75,75A ... Sound stick, 100 ... Sound effect imparting device, 110 ... Specific part, 120 ... Detection part, 130 ... Signal output part, 131 ... Sound generation control part, 132 ... Sine wave generation part , 13 ... envelope adjustment unit, 134 ... synthesis unit, 140 ... signal transmission unit

Claims (5)

A sound effect imparting device used for a piano having a plurality of keys, a string provided corresponding to the key, and a hammer that strikes a string corresponding to the key by operating the key,
Detecting means for detecting a hit on the string by the hammer;
A signal output means for outputting a sine wave signal having a frequency corresponding to a fundamental frequency of the hit string based on a detection result by the detection means;
And a signal transmission means for transmitting the output sine wave signal to the string. The sound effect applying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal output means outputs a sine wave signal having a frequency n times (n is an integer of 1 or more) a fundamental frequency of the hit string. The sound effect imparting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amplitude of the sine wave signal transmitted to the string changes with time in a predetermined manner corresponding to the hit string. apparatus. Storage means for storing a plurality of setting information defining a fundamental frequency for each of the strings;
And a specifying means for specifying any of the setting information according to a user instruction,
The acoustic effect imparting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal output unit outputs the sine wave signal having a frequency determined based on the specified setting information. Multiple keys,
A string provided corresponding to the key;
A hammer that strikes a string corresponding to the key by operating the key;
Detecting means for detecting a hit on the string by the hammer;
A signal output means for outputting a sine wave signal having a frequency corresponding to a fundamental frequency of the hit string based on a detection result by the detection means;
And a signal transmission means for transmitting the output sine wave signal to the string.

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