JP2013056289A - 水素発生用触媒及び水素発生方法 - Google Patents
水素発生用触媒及び水素発生方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 33
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine hydrate Chemical compound O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- -1 Tetrahydroborate Chemical compound 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910010082 LiAlH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRQJZSJOACLQOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[N] Chemical compound [Li].[N] GRQJZSJOACLQOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical class Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011238 particulate composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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Abstract
【解決手段】鉄とニッケルの複合金属からなる、ヒドラジン及びその水和物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の化合物の分解反応による水素発生用触媒、並びに該触媒を、ヒドラジン及びその水和物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の化合物に接触させることを特徴とする水素発生方法。
【選択図】図3
Description
1. 鉄とニッケルの複合金属からなる、ヒドラジン及びその水和物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の化合物の分解反応による水素発生用触媒。
2. 鉄とニッケルの複合金属が、鉄とニッケルの合金、金属間化合物又は固溶体である上記項1に記載の水素発生用触媒。
3. 鉄とニッケルの複合金属における鉄の含有率が25〜75モル%の範囲である上記項1又は2に記載の水素発生用触媒。
4. 鉄とニッケルの複合金属が粒径1〜100nmの超微粒子である上記項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の水素発生用触媒。
5. 上記項1〜4のいずれかに記載の水素発生用触媒を、ヒドラジン及びその水和物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の化合物に接触させることを特徴とする水素発生方法。
6.上記項5の方法による水素発生反応をアルカリ性水溶液中で行うことを特徴とする水素発生方法。
7. 上記項5又は6に記載の水素発生方法によって発生させた水素を燃料電池の水素源として供給することを特徴とする、燃料電池への水素供給方法。
3N2H4→ N2 + 4NH3 ・・・(2)
上述した非特許文献5には、室温においてはロジウム触媒の存在下におけるヒドラジンの分解反応について記載されており、ロジウム金属を触媒とする場合には、式( 1 )で示されるヒドラジン完全分解反応よりも、式( 2 )で示されるヒドラジン部分分解反応が優先的に進行して、多量のアンモニアが生成することが記載されている。また、その他の金属触媒については、白金、パラジウム、ニッケル、銅、鉄等の金属を触媒として用いる場合には、ヒドラジンの分解反応は進行せず、コバルト、ルテニウム、イリジウム等金属を触媒とする場合には、ヒドラジンの完全分解反応は僅かに進行するが、主に部分分解反応が進行して、多量のアンモニアが生成する。
本発明の水素発生方法において触媒として用いる鉄とニッケルの複合金属は、鉄とニッケルの混合物ではなく、鉄とニッケルが、密接な相互関係にある複合金属であることが必要である。このような複合金属の具体例としては、合金、金属間化合物、固溶体などを例示できる。
本発明の水素発生方法では、水素発生源としては、ヒドラジン及びその水和物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の化合物を用いる。ヒドラジン及びその水和物の種類について特に限定はなく、一般に市販されているものをそのまま使用できる。また、水素発生に悪影響の無い限りその他の成分が同時に含まれていても良い。
本発明方法によれば、ヒドラジンの分解による水素発生反応が選択性よく進行して、効率よく水素を生成させることができる。
容量30 mlの二つ口フラスコに、NiCl2・6H2O (0.024 g)、FeSO4・7H2O (0.028 g)、臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム (CTAB, 95%)(0.100 g)、及び水(2.5 mL)を入れ、5分間超音波攪拌したのち、50℃で5分間加熱し、NaBH4(0.010 g) 水溶液(1.5 mL)を入れて5分間激しく反応容器を振とうさせて、NiFeナノ粒子触媒を形成した。
容量30 mlの二つ口フラスコに、FeSO4・7H2O (0.056 g)、臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム (CTAB, 95%)(0.100 g)、及び水(2.5 mL)を入れ、5分間超音波攪拌したのち、50℃で5分間加熱し、NaBH4(0.010 g) 水溶液(1.5 mL)を入れて5分間激しく反応容器を振とうさせて、Feナノ粒子触媒を形成した。
容量30 mlの二つ口フラスコに、NiCl2・6H2O (0.048 g)、臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム (CTAB, 95%)(0.100 g)、及び水(2.5 mL)を入れ、5分間超音波攪拌したのち、50℃で5分間加熱し、NaBH4(0.010 g) 水溶液(1.5 mL)を入れて5分間激しく反応容器を振とうさせて、Niナノ粒子触媒を形成した。
容量30 mlの二つ口フラスコに、NiCl2・6H2O (0.024 g)、FeSO4・7H2O (0.028 g)、臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム (CTAB, 95%)(0.100 g)、及び水(2.5 mL)を入れ、5分間超音波攪拌したのち、50℃で5分間加熱し、NaBH4(0.010 g) 水溶液(1.5 mL)を入れて5分間激しく反応容器を振とうさせて、NiFeナノ粒子触媒を形成した。
容量30 mlの二つ口フラスコに、NiCl2・6H2O (0.036 g)、FeSO4・7H2O (0.014 g)、臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム (CTAB, 95%)(0.100 g)、及び水(2.5 mL)を入れ、5分間超音波攪拌したのち、50℃で5分間加熱し、NaBH4(0.010 g) 水溶液(1.5 mL)を入れて5分間激しく反応容器を振とうさせて、Ni3Feナノ粒子触媒を形成した。
容量30 mlの二つ口フラスコに、NiCl2・6H2O (0.012 g)、FeSO4・7H2O (0.042 g)、臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム (CTAB, 95%)(0.100 g)、及び水(2.5 mL)を入れ、5分間超音波攪拌したのち、50℃で5分間加熱し、NaBH4(0.010 g) 水溶液(1.5 mL)を入れて5分間激しく反応容器を振とうさせて、NiFe3ナノ粒子触媒を形成した。
Claims (7)
- 鉄とニッケルの複合金属からなる、ヒドラジン及びその水和物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の化合物の分解反応による水素発生用触媒。
- 鉄とニッケルの複合金属が、鉄とニッケルの合金、金属間化合物又は固溶体である請求項1に記載の水素発生用触媒。
- 鉄とニッケルの複合金属における鉄の含有率が25〜75モル%の範囲である請求項1又は2に記載の水素発生用触媒。
- 鉄とニッケルの複合金属が粒径1〜100nmの超微粒子である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の水素発生用触媒。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の水素発生用触媒を、ヒドラジン及びその水和物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の化合物に接触させることを特徴とする水素発生方法。
- 請求項5の方法による水素発生反応をアルカリ性水溶液中で行うことを特徴とする水素発生方法。
- 請求項5又は6に記載の水素発生方法によって発生させた水素を燃料電池の水素源として供給することを特徴とする、燃料電池への水素供給方法。
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US9433932B2 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-09-06 | National Cheng Kung University | Hydrogenation catalyst and method of manufacturing the same |
CN105798323B (zh) * | 2016-03-18 | 2018-04-06 | 西北师范大学 | 球磨辅助界面制备大比表面积过渡金属‑硼合金材料的方法 |
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