JP2013050417A - Wind direction and wind speed information providing system and wind direction and wind speed information providing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To grasp the presence of local weather turbulence and to provide accurate meteorological information related to a wind direction and a wind speed.SOLUTION: A wind direction and wind speed information providing system 1 for providing meteorological information related to a wind direction and a wind speed in a local and specific area includes: a plurality of atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2 disposed at positions different from one another in the specific area; and a data processor 4 for processing atmospheric pressure data measured by individual ones of the plurality of atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2. The data processor 4 includes: an atmospheric pressure gradient force calculating section 32 that calculates atmospheric pressure gradient force among the atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2 different from one another on the basis of the atmospheric pressure data measured by the individual atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2 and generates atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution in the specific area; and a wind direction and wind speed information generating section 34 that calculates the atmospheric pressure gradient force at a given position in the specific area on the basis of the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution and generates the meteorological information related to the wind direction and the wind speed on the basis of the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the given position.

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind direction and wind speed information provision system, a wind direction and wind speed information provision method, etc. that grasp and detect information useful for forecasting local weather and provide weather information related to wind direction and wind speed from the distribution of pressure gradient force About.

  The current weather information system service implemented by a private weather company applies the results of numerical forecast models created by the Japan Meteorological Agency and wide-area national data such as AMeDAS, and displays them on a computer. That is, grid point value data (grid point value, hereinafter referred to as GPV data) mainly composed of a numerical forecast model created by a supercomputer of the Japan Meteorological Agency has become the mainstream of forecasts. Since this GPV data covers not only the Japanese archipelago area but also a wide area including the coastal waters surrounding Japan, conversely, predicting local weather in a narrow area from such a wide range of data. Is difficult. This is because even the smallest grid of GPV data has a wide range of about 30 km on one side (for example, the area between Tokyo and Kawasaki in Tokyo). For example, it is a local area such as Haneda Airfield and Yoyogi Park. The weather is not captured by this model and cannot be analyzed. Therefore, when creating a local forecast for each user from the numerical forecast model results, each time a forecast is created, the weather engineer further subdivides it with computer techniques and adds topographic correction data to create a wide-area model result. I was trying to translate atmospheric phenomena into local forecasts in a narrow sense. However, even if translated in this way, this GPV data cannot originally be accurate because it does not include local / specific data.

  By the way, it is known that cumulus clouds and cumulonimbus clouds are usually formed by strong ascending currents, but when entering the decay period, precipitation particles act on the surrounding air to produce a frictional effect, thereby generating descending air currents. Of these downdrafts, those that are extremely strong enough to cause a disaster on the ground are called downbursts. Downbursts often cause a variety of (and often serious) damage, especially for aircraft, and are the most notable weather phenomenon. As for the wind speed of the downdraft, even if it is a normal one, a “strong typhoon” or an instantaneous wind speed of about 30 (m / s) similar to that of a F1 tornado is observed, and rarely reaches a wind speed more than double this.

  Downburst blows down near the ground, then hits the ground and spreads horizontally. A relatively small downburst with a spread of less than about 4 km is called a microburst, and a large downburst with a spread of 4 km or more is called a macroburst. Usually, microburst is faster and stronger than macroburst.

  Further, in Doppler radar observation, a downburst is one in which the difference in wind speed between two directions away from the radar and the direction approaching the radar (corresponding to the difference in wind speed of the horizontal flow) is 10 (m / s) or more. However, if the range of the wind speed difference is too large, it is difficult for the radar to discriminate. Therefore, the microburst with the wind speed difference range of less than 4 km is mainly targeted.

  For aircraft taking off and landing, this downburst is a phenomenon directly linked to a crash. This is because the aircraft is pushed to the ground by a strong downward flow when landing at an unstable aircraft posture, particularly at a speed close to the stall speed. Another phenomenon that occurs simultaneously with downburst is wind shear. This is because the downward flow blows from the center of the downburst to the ground, but this downward flow is bounced back to the ground to become turbulent airflow, and the wind direction changes radially from the center of the downburst. In other words, the wind direction changes suddenly at low altitude.

  For example, if a downburst occurred in front of the runway when landing, the aircraft will rise due to a strong headwind. On the other hand, the pilot continues to approach landing by reducing the engine output, etc., but after passing near the center of the downburst (microburst), the aircraft is pushed toward the ground at once, this time against the aircraft A strong tailwind blows. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the engine output and increase the airspeed, but unlike the reciprocating engine, the jet engine for civil aircraft has a time lag of several seconds from the pilot operation to the output increase. Therefore, at the time of landing, there is a small margin to the stall speed originally, so it may quickly fall into a stall and it may crash without a margin to recover due to low altitude. Even if it does not result in a crash, it will be a landing with a considerable impact close to a crash.

  Such accidents occurred frequently in the United States from the 1970s to the 1980s, especially in the United States, where there are many commercial aircraft. Therefore, in recent years, researches are underway to install meteorological Doppler radars at airports, detect and predict their occurrence, and prevent crashes. In addition, countermeasures against wind shear are also being promoted on the aircraft side, and when A320 (registered trademark) or the like detects wind shear, a program is issued that issues a warning and automatically enters and avoids go-around. ing.

  Patent Document 1 includes “a threshold value” and a “synaptic coupling coefficient” calculated by learning results of past meteorological phenomenon data using a neural network in accordance with changes in the surrounding environment. A local weather prediction method for predicting the weather at a locally specified point has been proposed.

  As a result, it is possible to create a highly accurate forecast limited to a local area with its own weather network without being particular about the numerical forecast model of the Japan Meteorological Agency.

  Patent Document 2 states that “a method for selecting a weather prediction result using a low-pressure movement vector and a plurality of weather prediction results calculated based on a low-pressure movement vector and weather data at a certain time point”. A prediction result selection step of selecting a weather prediction result corresponding to the prediction motion vector having the smallest difference from the movement vector, and storing data on the weather prediction result in a storage device And a method for selecting a weather forecast result including

  Thereby, the novel technique for correct | amending a weather forecast appropriately and improving the precision of a weather forecast can be provided.

  Patent Document 3 relates to a microburst detection system that detects a microburst generated in an approach path of an aircraft, and more specifically, a microburst is generated by detecting a pressure change on the ground surface caused by a downdraft with a pressure sensor. A technical idea about a microburst detection system that predicts the above is described.

  In other words, unlike the conventional method, the pressure change on the surface caused by the downdraft of the microburst is directly detected by the pressure sensor, and the degree of danger due to wind shear that occurs in the microburst is predicted. Microburst detection that does not require a reflector inside and can be predicted with high detection accuracy, including microbursts in clean air, without being affected by the position of the aircraft or buildings around the runway The purpose is to provide a system.

  Patent Document 4 proposes an aircraft information transmission / reception system. Conventionally, flight of aircraft requires information in relatively small ranges of several tens of meters to several hundreds of meters at least in low-air areas where the fluctuation of weather is relatively severe, and three-dimensional information including altitude directions. In consideration of the fact that the aircraft flies at high speed, etc. as a whole, information in the range of at least 100 km in the front and left and right directions of the aircraft and in the range of thousands to tens of thousands of feet in the altitude direction Provision is required. As described above, since it is necessary to distribute an enormous amount of data to an aircraft and real-time characteristics are also required, it is required to compress information and distribute it at high speed.

  However, when each piece of information in each small space obtained by subdividing the airspace three-dimensionally as described above is compressed and distributed using an information compression technique such as JPEG compression, the information in each small space is transmitted by the aircraft. Cannot be restored reversibly and accurately. For this reason, for example, there is a problem that the boundary between spaces having different weather conditions becomes unclear, information is deteriorated, and cannot be used for flight path management of an aircraft.

Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, “the aircraft information transmitting / receiving system 1 includes a ground station 2 that distributes information related to flight to the aircraft 3 flying in its own controlled airspace A _real , Sets the area R for delivering information related to flight to the aircraft 3 in the management airspace A _real , and sets the information related to flight as position information indicating the position in the area R where the numerical value of the information related to flight changes, An information transmission / reception system for an aircraft that is separated into change amount information that represents a change amount of a numerical value in, compresses the change amount information, and distributes the position information and the compressed change amount information to the aircraft 3 has been proposed.

  Patent Document 5 proposes an apparatus and a method that can uniquely estimate meteorological data at an arbitrary three-dimensional lattice point. Conventionally, when weather data on a three-dimensional grid point is estimated using the above-mentioned objective analysis method using meteorological observation data in a relatively narrow range (about 50 km square), the weather included in the target range The weighting factors of observation data set from each meteorological observation point are all zero at some grid points because there are few observation points, their positions are not evenly distributed, or there is no wind direction data over the sky. In many cases, an objective analysis is impossible because a very small value close to, a weighted average cannot be calculated numerically, and a primary estimated value cannot be obtained. As countermeasures, virtual weather data can only be artificially added by trial and error, making it difficult for beginners to perform objective analysis of weather data. In addition, even if virtual weather data is added to obtain a result, there is a problem that the obtained result is not unique depending on the position and numerical value of the added virtual weather data.

  Therefore, in Patent Document 5, when performing simulation for atmospheric diffusion prediction and local weather survey using weather observation data, without adding virtual weather data, regardless of how to select the target range, An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method that can uniquely estimate meteorological data at an arbitrary three-dimensional grid point using only meteorological observation data included in the target range.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-49884 JP 2003-98271 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-80166 JP 2009-251730 A JP 2007-248355 A

  However, the method of Patent Document 1 is, for example, the current measured values of wind direction, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure observed in Haneda, and the atmospheric pressures of Choshi, Omaezaki, Hachijojima, and Akita, which are four observation points in the east, west, south, and north centering on Haneda. The current weather measurement is used to predict local weather in Haneda, but the distance between observation points is too large compared to the size of the meteorological phenomenon that we want to grasp. For this reason, it is impossible to capture the phenomenon that causes local weather fluctuations, and in principle, weather fluctuations cannot be accurately predicted.

  Further, the low pressure referred to in the method of Patent Document 2 is a low pressure appearing on a weather map as an infrared photograph, and a small low pressure due to a locally developing cumulus or cumulonimbus cannot be captured. That is, the information regarding the low pressure obtained from the infrared photograph has insufficient size resolution, and the real-time property of the obtained information is poor.

  By the way, in recent years, the number of occurrences of local meteorological fluctuations that cause enormous damage such as torrential rain and tornadoes has increased, and it is desired to predict the occurrence location as a pinpoint. It is known that weather fluctuations such as torrential rain and tornadoes occur due to the rapid development of cumulonimbus clouds.

  The devices and systems described in Patent Documents 1 to 5 acquire data related to the weather using means such as sensors, but they occur locally such as torrential rain and tornado and disappear in a short time. No effective proposal has been made on how to predict the weather fluctuations.

  Predicting torrential rain using a radar or a rider that can catch raindrops is not impossible, but even if it is possible to catch a lump of raindrops, it only takes about 10 minutes before the torrential rain occurs. Therefore, it cannot be an effective prediction method.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and according to some aspects of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an accurate wind direction by grasping the existence of a local weather disturbance. It is possible to provide a wind direction and wind speed information providing system and a wind direction and wind speed information providing method for providing weather information related to wind speed.

(1) The present invention is a wind direction and wind speed information providing system that provides weather information related to wind direction and wind speed in a local specific area, and a plurality of barometric pressure measuring devices arranged at different positions in the specific area; A data processing device that processes the atmospheric pressure data measured by each of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices, and the data processing device is based on the atmospheric pressure data measured by each of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices. A pressure gradient force calculation unit that generates a pressure gradient force distribution in the specific area, and calculates a pressure gradient force at a given position in the specific area based on the pressure gradient force distribution. And a wind direction and wind speed information generating unit that generates weather information related to the wind direction and the wind speed based on a pressure gradient force at the given position.

  The wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention includes a plurality of barometric pressure measuring devices arranged at different positions in a specific area. Then, a pressure gradient force distribution between the pressure measuring devices is calculated to generate a pressure gradient force distribution. Then, based on the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution, the atmospheric pressure gradient force at a given position where weather information on the wind direction and wind speed (hereinafter referred to as wind direction and wind speed information) is desired is calculated, and the wind direction and wind speed information at that position is generated. Here, the given position is, for example, a valley or mountain of atmospheric pressure, a plurality of points on a specific isobaric line, or the like. The given position is often a plurality of points, but may be a single point within a specific area.

  A plurality of atmospheric pressure measuring devices, for example, pressure sensors, can be arranged in a specific local area. Therefore, the wind direction / wind speed information providing system according to the present invention can grasp the presence of a local weather disturbance that appears in the change in the pressure gradient force and can provide accurate wind direction / wind speed information.

  The wind direction / wind speed information providing system according to the present invention is a kind of weather prediction information providing system because it calculates the wind direction / wind speed information based on actually measured pressure data. And not only a wind direction wind speed information but the prediction information of the local weather disturbance which appears in the change of atmospheric pressure gradient force may be provided simultaneously. Further, the wind direction and wind speed information may be provided separately by separating the wind direction and the wind speed. Here, the wind direction refers to the direction in which the wind is blowing. For example, if the wind direction is north, the wind is blowing from north to south.

(2) In this wind direction and wind speed information providing system, the data processing device includes a latitude information storage unit including latitude information of the specific area, and the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit is configured to receive the latitude information from the latitude information storage unit. The first Coriolis force may be calculated based on the first Coriolis force, and weather information relating to the wind direction and wind speed may be generated based on the first Coriolis force.

  In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit generates the wind direction and wind speed information in consideration of the Coriolis force (first Coriolis force) calculated based on the latitude information.

  The first Coriolis force is a Coriolis force resulting from the rotation of the earth, and acts to bend rightward (eg, west) at right angles (eg, west) with respect to the wind blowing (eg, north to south) in the northern hemisphere. Here, since the earth is almost a sphere, the magnitude of the Coriolis force varies depending on the latitude. Therefore, the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention includes latitude information in a specific local area such as 35 degrees north latitude in the latitude information storage unit.

  In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention, it is possible to provide accurate information on the wind direction and wind speed based on a large low pressure or high pressure that is greatly affected by the Coriolis force caused by the rotation of the earth. Here, the large scale of the low pressure and the high pressure (large scale) means, for example, a case where the diameter is larger than several tens of km.

(3) In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system, the data processing device includes a terrain information storage unit including terrain information of the specific area, and the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit is configured to receive the terrain information from the terrain information storage unit. The frictional force may be calculated based on the above and the weather information regarding the wind direction and the wind speed may be generated based on the frictional force.

  In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit generates the wind direction and wind speed information in consideration of the frictional force calculated based on the topographic information.

  Friction against the wind is maximum on the ground surface and decreases as it goes up. However, the ground surface is not flat, and the wind direction and wind speed cannot be calculated accurately without taking into account the undulations such as mountains and valleys. Therefore, the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention includes terrain information in a specific area such as altitude in the terrain information storage unit.

  In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention, it is possible to provide accurate information on the wind direction and wind speed of the altitude of 1000 m or less, that is, the atmospheric boundary layer (friction layer), which is greatly affected by the frictional force of the ground surface. On the other hand, when calculating the wind direction and wind speed of free air above an altitude of 1000 m, it may be calculated that there is no influence of frictional force.

(4) In this wind direction and wind speed information providing system, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit calculates the scales of low pressure and high pressure in the specific area based on the pressure gradient force distribution, and the scales are within a predetermined range. Alternatively, the second Coriolis force due to the rotation of the low-pressure and high-pressure vortices may be calculated, and weather information regarding the wind direction and wind speed may be generated based on the second Coriolis force.

  In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit obtains the scale of the low pressure or high pressure, and when the scale is in a predetermined range, the low pressure or high pressure vortex is obtained. The second Coriolis force by is calculated. Then, more accurate wind direction and wind speed information is generated in consideration of the calculated second Coriolis force. Here, the scale is, for example, the diameter of low pressure or high pressure, and the predetermined range may be, for example, several hundreds of meters or more and less than several tens of kilometers. Further, the predetermined range may be determined according to the size of a local specific area where the atmospheric pressure measurement device is arranged. For example, the second Coriolis force may be calculated for a low pressure or high pressure that is completely included in the specific area.

  The second Coriolis force is a Coriolis force generated by the rotation of a vortex at low pressure and high pressure. At low pressure, a counterclockwise vortex is generated, and the second Coriolis force acts to bend the right angle to the blowing wind. On the other hand, a clockwise vortex is generated at high atmospheric pressure, and the second Coriolis force acts to bend leftward at right angles to the blowing wind.

  In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention, it is possible to provide accurate information on the wind direction and wind speed based on a low pressure or a high pressure that is influenced by the Coriolis force (second Coriolis force) caused by vortices.

(5) In this wind direction and wind speed information providing system, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit calculates the scale of low and high pressures in the specific area based on the pressure gradient force distribution, and the scale is smaller than a predetermined value. In this case, the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the vortex of the low pressure and high pressure may be calculated, and weather information regarding the wind direction and wind speed may be generated based on the centrifugal force.

  In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit obtains the scale of the low pressure or the high pressure, and when the scale is smaller than a predetermined value, the low pressure or the high pressure is determined. Calculate the centrifugal force. Then, wind direction and wind speed information is generated in consideration of the calculated centrifugal force.

  Here, the predetermined value is, for example, several kilometers, and a low pressure or high pressure with a small scale that is completely included in a specific local area may be a target. At this time, accurate wind direction and wind speed information is generated in consideration of not only the second Coriolis force but also centrifugal force. The predetermined value may be several hundred meters, for example. At this time, in particular, tornadoes, tsumuji winds, and the like having a diameter of several tens to several hundreds of meters are targeted.

  The wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to the present invention grasps even a meteorological phenomenon such as a small tornado, for example, and provides accurate wind direction and wind speed information to which the influence of centrifugal force is added. Note that the wind direction and wind speed information providing system may predict the occurrence of a tornado or the like from a sudden ascending air flow and provide the wind direction and wind speed information as a weather forecast by observing a temporal change in the atmospheric pressure gradient force.

(6) In this wind direction and wind speed information providing system, the data processing device calculates the wind direction and wind speed at a given position in the specific area based on the wind direction and weather information related to the wind speed generated by the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit. A display unit for displaying may be included.

  According to the present invention, since the display unit is included, the user can visually grasp the wind direction and wind speed information in the local specific area. For example, the wind direction and wind speed information on the surface of a specific local area may be displayed as a vector on the display unit.

(7) The present invention relates to a wind direction and wind speed information providing method for providing weather information about wind direction and wind speed in a local specific area, and a plurality of barometric pressure measuring devices arranged at different positions in the specific area. Based on the atmospheric pressure data acquisition step of acquiring data and the atmospheric pressure data measured by each of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices, the atmospheric pressure gradient force between the different atmospheric pressure measuring devices is calculated, and the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution in the specific area is calculated. A pressure gradient force calculation step to be generated; and a pressure gradient force at a given position in the specific area is calculated based on the pressure gradient force distribution, and the wind direction and wind speed are calculated based on the pressure gradient force at the given position. A wind direction and wind speed information generating step for generating weather information relating to.

  In the method of providing wind direction and wind speed information according to the present invention, for example, a plurality of pressure sensors can be arranged in a specific local area, and information on the atmospheric pressure measured by these can be used. Therefore, the wind direction and wind speed information providing method according to the present invention grasps the existence of a local weather disturbance that appears in a change in the pressure gradient force, and makes it possible to provide accurate wind direction and wind speed information.

The figure which shows the structure of the wind direction wind speed information provision system of this embodiment. The figure which shows the structural example of the atmospheric | air pressure sensor of this embodiment. The figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the atmospheric pressure measuring apparatus of this embodiment. FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B are diagrams illustrating an example of a method for calculating a pressure gradient force. FIG. 5A is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the pressure gradient force and the wind. FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating a display example of wind direction and wind force information on the display unit. 6A to 6C are diagrams for explaining calculation of geostrophic wind. FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating calculation of winds caused by a medium-scale low pressure and high pressure, respectively. FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams for explaining calculation of wind near the ground surface due to low pressure and high pressure, respectively. The figure explaining calculation of the wind resulting from a small-scale strong low pressure. The figure which listed the data used for calculation of a wind direction wind speed information. The flowchart of this embodiment. The flowchart (atmospheric pressure data acquisition step) of this embodiment. The flowchart (atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation step) of this embodiment. The flowchart (wind high wind speed information generation step) of this embodiment.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below do not unduly limit the contents of the present invention described in the claims. Also, not all of the configurations described below are essential constituent requirements of the present invention.

1. Outline of the wind direction and wind speed information providing system The wind direction and wind speed information providing system of the present embodiment can calculate the wind direction and wind speed information by organizing the pressure gradient force distribution. In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system of the present embodiment, it is also possible to provide wind direction and wind speed information about local winds (local winds) specific to a local area. For example, sea and land winds in coastal areas, mountain and valley winds in basins, river winds and lake winds in surrounding areas of rivers and lakes, and the like. These winds are often winds peculiar to the region due to, for example, the influence of frictional force due to topography.

  Furthermore, the wind direction and wind speed information providing system of the present embodiment can also provide wind direction and wind speed information regarding tornadoes and downbursts that are phenomena in local regions. With conventional systems, it was almost impossible to observe the wind speed due to tornadoes and the like that occurred in a very narrow range.

  Here, the wind direction and wind speed information providing system of the present embodiment provides weather information (wind direction and wind speed information) related to the wind direction and the wind speed. The wind direction is the direction in which the wind is blowing. For example, the north (north wind) wind direction is the wind blowing from north to south. The wind speed is expressed as, for example, how many meters per second. The wind direction and wind speed information providing system of the present embodiment normally generates information about both the wind direction and the wind speed, but it is also possible to generate only one of them. Further, instead of wind speed, wind power (scale of wind speed from 0 to 12 used in weather maps) may be used.

2. Configuration of Wind Direction and Wind Speed Information Providing System FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wind direction and wind speed information providing system 1 according to the present embodiment. The wind direction / wind speed information providing system 1 of the present embodiment may omit some of the components shown in FIG. 1 or may add other components.

  A wind direction and wind speed information providing system 1 according to the present embodiment includes an atmospheric pressure measurement device 2 and a data processing device 4. A plurality of barometric pressure measuring devices 2 are included in the wind direction and wind speed information providing system 1, and are arranged at different positions in a local area. On the other hand, the data processing device 4 processes the atmospheric pressure data measured by each of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2 to generate wind direction and wind speed information.

  The atmospheric pressure measurement device 2 includes an atmospheric pressure sensor 10 that measures atmospheric pressure data and a transmission unit 12 that transmits the measured atmospheric pressure data. The atmospheric pressure sensor 10 measures atmospheric pressure, for example. The measured atmospheric pressure data is sent to the transmission unit 12 and transmitted to the data processing device 4 at a predetermined timing.

  At this time, the measurement timing of the atmospheric pressure sensor 10 and the transmission timing of the transmission unit 12 may be specified in advance by the data processing device 4, for example. Specifically, a signal for controlling these timings may be sent from the transmission unit 80 of the data processing device 4 to the reception unit (not shown) of the atmospheric pressure measurement device 2 for setting.

  The atmospheric pressure sensor 10 may be, for example, a frequency change type sensor having a pressure sensitive element that changes a resonance frequency according to atmospheric pressure. At this time, by using a high-resolution and high-accuracy frequency change type sensor, for example, it is possible to capture a change in atmospheric pressure of the order of Pa or less.

  The wind direction and wind speed information providing system 1 includes a plurality of atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2. And the data processor 4 needs to receive the atmospheric | air pressure data from each atmospheric pressure measuring device 2 reliably. Therefore, the frequency of the radio wave used for transmission may be different for each barometric pressure measuring device 2, or the transmission timing of each barometric pressure measuring device 2 may be time-divided.

  In the present embodiment, a narrow range having a side of several kilometers to several tens of kilometers is defined as a “local specific area” that is an observation target. For example, the interval between the atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2 may be set to about several hundred meters. Further, the distance between the pressure measuring devices is not necessarily constant.

  The data processing device 4 includes a receiving unit 20, a processing unit 30, an operation unit 40, a ROM 50, a RAM 60, a display unit 70, and a transmission unit 80.

  The receiving unit 20 receives the atmospheric pressure data from each atmospheric pressure measuring device 2 and outputs it to the processing unit 30. The processing unit 30 includes an atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit 32 and a wind direction / wind speed information generation unit 34. The atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit 32 calculates an atmospheric pressure gradient force between different atmospheric pressure measurement devices based on atmospheric pressure data, and generates an atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution in a specific local area. The wind direction / wind speed information generation unit 34 calculates the pressure gradient force at a given position in a specific local area based on the pressure gradient force distribution, and generates the wind direction / wind speed information based on the pressure gradient force at the given position. .

  Here, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the processing unit 30 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processing unit 30 (CPU) generates a pressure gradient force distribution based on the atmospheric pressure data as the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit 32 according to the program. And the process part 30 (CPU) produces | generates a wind direction wind speed information as a wind direction wind speed information generation part 34 based on a pressure gradient force distribution according to a program. At this time, the program of the processing unit 30 may be stored in the ROM 50. As another embodiment, the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit 32 and the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit 34 may be configured by hardware. Further, in the present embodiment, the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit 32 and the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit 34 are distinguished from each other, but are not necessarily separated from each other, and they may be integrally processed.

  The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit 34 may read latitude information and terrain information in order to generate wind direction and wind speed information. The latitude information is information on the latitude of a specific local area and is information necessary for calculating the Coriolis force. The topographic information is information necessary for calculating the frictional force against the wind. In the present embodiment, latitude information is stored in the latitude information storage unit 52 of the ROM 50, and terrain information is stored in the terrain information storage unit 54 of the ROM 50.

  The wind direction and wind speed information generated by the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit 34 and the atmospheric pressure gradient force at a given position may be stored in the storage unit (RAM) 60. Further, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit 34 reads, for example, a past atmospheric pressure gradient force from the storage unit 60 and detects the upward air flow by comparing it with the current atmospheric pressure gradient force, and takes the centrifugal force due to the vortex into consideration. Wind speed information may be calculated.

  Further, the processing unit 30 may perform various processes according to the operation signal from the operation unit 40. As a specific example, the processing unit 30 may perform processing for displaying various types of information on the display unit 70, processing for controlling data communication with an external device such as a portable terminal via the reception unit 20 and the transmission unit 80, and the like. .

3. Configuration of Barometric Sensor FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the barometric sensor 10 included in the barometric pressure measuring device in the wind direction and wind speed information providing system of this embodiment. In addition, the atmospheric pressure sensor 10 of this embodiment is not restricted to the structure of FIG. 2, A part of component may be abbreviate | omitted and the other component may be added.

  The atmospheric pressure sensor 10 of this embodiment includes a pressure sensor element 100, an oscillation circuit 110, a counter 120, a TCXO (Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator) 130, an MPU (Micro Processing Unit) 140, a temperature sensor 150, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). ) 160 and a communication interface (I / F) 170.

  The pressure sensor element 100 has a pressure-sensitive element of a method (vibration method) that uses a change in the resonance frequency of the resonator element. This pressure-sensitive element is a piezoelectric vibrator formed of a piezoelectric material such as quartz, lithium niobate, or lithium tantalate. For example, a tuning fork vibrator, a double tuning fork vibrator, an AT vibrator (thickness sliding) A resonator), a SAW resonator, or the like is applied.

  In particular, a double tuning fork type piezoelectric vibrator has a very large change in resonance frequency with respect to elongation / compression stress and a large variable range of the resonance frequency compared to an AT vibrator (thickness shear vibrator), etc. By using a tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrator, a high-resolution barometric sensor capable of detecting a slight barometric pressure difference can be realized. Therefore, the atmospheric pressure sensor 10 of the present embodiment uses a double tuning fork type piezoelectric vibrator as a pressure sensitive element. In addition, excellent stability and the highest level of resolution and accuracy can be realized by selecting a quartz material having a high Q value and excellent temperature stability as the piezoelectric material.

  And the wind direction wind speed information provision system of this embodiment can provide accurate wind direction wind speed information by processing high resolution and high precision atmospheric pressure data with a data processor.

  Here, in the conventional wind direction and wind speed information providing system, it is necessary to install an anemometer for measuring the wind itself. However, the anemometer has a built-in propeller, for example, and is larger in size than the atmospheric pressure measurement device including the atmospheric pressure sensor 10. Therefore, it has been difficult to arrange the anemometers at fine intervals from the viewpoint of securing the location and cost.

  However, the wind direction and wind speed information providing system of the present embodiment using the atmospheric pressure measuring device including the atmospheric pressure sensor 10 that is small and relatively inexpensive installs the atmospheric pressure measuring device at intervals of about several hundred meters in a specific local area. to enable.

4). Example of Arrangement of Barometric Pressure Measuring Device In this embodiment, a narrow area that fits within a circle with a diameter of several kilometers to several tens of kilometers is set as a specific area to be observed. For example, as shown in FIG. The apparatus 2 is fixed and arranged in a two-dimensional mesh on an almost horizontal XY plane, thereby forming a fine observation mesh. The length of one side of the observation mesh (distance between the atmospheric pressure measuring devices) is set to about several hundred m to several km. However, the distance between the pressure measuring devices may not be constant. That is, the observation mesh does not have to be a certain size. For example, the atmospheric pressure measuring device 2 can be installed in a base station such as a mobile phone, a convenience store, an electric meter of a smart grid, or the like.

  The distance between the atmospheric pressure measurement devices (the size of the observation mesh) may be determined based on a given criterion associated with the characteristics of a specific area. Here, the characteristics of the specific area are, for example, the density of buildings, the terrain, and the like. For example, in urban areas where the density of buildings is high, damage due to building winds and the like becomes large, and weather fluctuations including changes in wind direction and wind speed are likely to occur in areas where the ground is covered with concrete. Therefore, in these areas, the distance between the atmospheric pressure measuring devices may be narrowed in order to increase the accuracy of forecasting weather fluctuations. That is, the density of the atmospheric pressure measurement device 2 may be determined based on a given standard related to the characteristics of a specific area.

  Thus, the number of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices to be used can be optimized by changing the density of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2 according to the characteristics of the specific area.

  In the present embodiment, a large number of atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2 are installed in a specific area, but a configuration in which only two atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2 are installed is also included in the scope of the present invention.

5. Atmospheric gradient force distribution The force generated by the difference in atmospheric pressure is called the atmospheric gradient force. The wind direction and wind speed information providing system of the present embodiment obtains a distribution of pressure gradient force in a local specific area (hereinafter referred to as “pressure gradient force distribution”) in order to generate wind direction and wind speed information.

  In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system of the present embodiment, the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit (see FIG. 1) included in the processing unit generates an atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution based on atmospheric pressure data. The atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution is, for example, a list of atmospheric pressure gradient forces at the position of each atmospheric pressure measurement device.

  FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for calculating the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of one atmospheric pressure measurement device 2E. In the present embodiment, with the atmospheric pressure measurement device 2E as the origin, the straight line connecting the atmospheric pressure measurement devices 2E and 2F is the x axis, and the straight line connecting the atmospheric pressure measurement devices 2E and 2B is the y axis. On the xy plane, barometric pressure measuring devices are arranged at intervals of dx in the x-axis direction and dy in the y-axis direction. Although not shown in FIG. 4 (A), it is assumed that the atmospheric pressure measurement devices are arranged at the above intervals in addition to the atmospheric pressure measurement devices 2A to 2I.

In this embodiment, the barometric pressure data of four adjacent barometric pressure measuring devices are also used to obtain the barometric gradient force at the position of one barometric pressure measuring device. In the example of FIG. 4A, in order to obtain the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of the atmospheric pressure measurement device 2E, in addition to the atmospheric pressure data of the atmospheric pressure measurement device 2E, the atmospheric pressure data of the atmospheric pressure measurement devices 2B, 2D, 2F, and 2H is also used. . Here, the atmospheric pressure data of the atmospheric pressure measurement devices 2B, 2D, 2E, 2F, and 2H are PR _2B , PR _2D , PR _2E , PR _2F , and PR _2H , respectively.

P _BE , P _ED , P _FE , and P _EH representing the components of the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of the atmospheric pressure measurement device 2E are expressed as in the equations (1) to (4). Note that the absolute value of the calculated value represents the magnitude, and if the value is negative, it indicates that the component of the atmospheric pressure gradient force is in the negative direction of the x-axis and y-axis in FIG. Represent.

Here, m is the mass of the air mass, and a unit amount may be used in the calculation in the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit. Further, ρ is the density of the air mass and depends on, for example, the atmospheric pressure and the temperature. The atmospheric pressure gradient force calculating unit may obtain temperature data from a temperature sensor (not shown) via a receiving unit (see FIG. 1), and calculate ρ as shown in Equation (5).

However, the unit of ρ in the formula (5) is [kg / m ³ ]. Air temperature data (T in equation (5)) is converted to [° C.], and atmospheric pressure data (PR _{2E in} equation (5)) is converted to [atm].

In FIG. 4 (B), each component obtained by calculation of Formula (1)-Formula (4) is represented by the vector. At this time, as these force, the vector P _E of pressure-gradient force at the location of the pressure measurement device 2E is obtained. Here, if the positive direction of the y-axis points to the north, it can be seen that the air pressure on the northwest side of the air pressure measuring device 2E is high in the example of FIG. 4B.

  As described above, the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit can generate an atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution in a specific local area by calculating the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of each atmospheric pressure measurement device. Moreover, since the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit receives the atmospheric pressure data of each atmospheric pressure measuring device, it can draw an isobar in a local specific area. At this time, it is good also as atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution including the information of an isobar.

  In this embodiment, it is assumed that the atmospheric pressure measuring devices are arranged at substantially the same height, but there is a possibility that a difference in height may occur due to restrictions based on topography. At this time, the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit may acquire the altitude data of each atmospheric pressure measurement device and perform correction. The altitude data (elevation data) of each atmospheric pressure measurement device may be stored in a ROM (see FIG. 1), and correction (for example, sea level correction) may be performed so that the heights of the atmospheric pressure measurement devices are aligned based on the altitude data. . At this time, a more accurate atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution can be generated.

Here, for example, from equation (1), if the distance (d _y ) between two atmospheric pressure measuring devices is constant, the atmospheric pressure gradient force increases as the atmospheric pressure difference (PR _2B −PR _2E ) increases. Also, if the difference in atmospheric pressure is constant, the shorter the distance between the two atmospheric pressure measuring devices, the larger. Therefore, on the weather map, the closer the isobaric lines are, the stronger the wind-generating force is, that is, the stronger wind is blowing.

  Note that the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit may use the atmospheric pressure data of eight adjacent atmospheric pressure measurement devices to obtain the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of one atmospheric pressure measurement device. At this time, a more accurate pressure gradient force can be obtained.

In the example of FIG. 4A, nine atmospheric pressure data of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2A to 2I are used to obtain the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of the atmospheric pressure measuring device 2E. At this time, air pressure measuring device 2A, 2C, 2G, it should be noted that the distance between 2I is different from the _d x, _{d y.} For example, the atmospheric pressure gradient force based on the atmospheric pressure data of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices 2C and 2E is expressed by Equation (6).

As another calculation method, the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit may use only the atmospheric pressure data of two adjacent atmospheric pressure measurement devices to obtain the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of one atmospheric pressure measurement device. At this time, the calculation load is reduced.

  In the example of FIG. 4A, only the three atmospheric pressure data of the atmospheric pressure measurement devices 2E, 2B, and 2F are used to obtain the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of the atmospheric pressure measurement device 2E. Therefore, since only equations (1) and (3) need be calculated, it is possible to generate a pressure gradient force distribution at an early stage.

  Further, these calculation methods may be selected according to required accuracy and processing time. For example, the user may select a calculation method using the operation unit (see FIG. 1) before generating the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution.

6). Relationship between the atmospheric pressure gradient force and the isobaric line As described above, the atmospheric pressure gradient force is a force that causes wind caused by a difference in atmospheric pressure, and will be described again with reference to FIG. 200A to 200D in FIG. 5A are isobaric lines. The atmospheric pressure on the isobaric line 200A side is low, and the atmospheric pressure on the isobaric line 200D side is high. At this time, forces 230 to 233 are applied to the air mass 220 from four directions.

  The magnitude of the force at this time depends on the height of the atmospheric pressure. High atmospheric pressure means that the air in that part is relatively heavy and heavy. Conversely, a low atmospheric pressure means that the air in that part is relatively small and light.

  Here, the air pressure in the portion sandwiched between the isobaric lines 200B and 200C is equal. Therefore, the forces 231 and 233 for pushing the air mass are also equal and are balanced in the direction parallel to the isobar.

  On the other hand, the force 232 having the higher atmospheric pressure pushes the air mass is stronger than the force 230 having the lower atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the resultant force of 232 and 230 becomes a pressure gradient force. In other words, the atmospheric pressure gradient force is a force from the higher atmospheric pressure to the lower atmospheric pressure that crosses the isobaric line vertically.

  Then, it seems that the wind speed and the wind direction in a specific local area are determined only by the distribution of isobars created based on the atmospheric pressure data from the atmospheric pressure measuring device. However, in actuality, accurate wind direction and wind speed information cannot be obtained unless the Coriolis force due to, for example, the rotation of the earth, the centrifugal force that needs to be considered depending on the scale of the low pressure, the frictional force on the ground surface, and the like are taken into consideration.

  Therefore, the wind direction wind speed information generation unit of the present embodiment calculates the pressure gradient force at an arbitrary point from the pressure gradient force distribution, and then takes into account the Coriolis force, centrifugal force, friction force, etc. Generate information.

  And in the wind direction wind speed information provision system of this embodiment, based on the wind direction wind speed information which the wind direction wind speed information generation part produced | generated, the wind speed wind direction in a local specific area is shown on the display part 70 like FIG.5 (B), for example. It is possible to display.

  Each grid in FIG. 5B corresponds to a square formed by the four barometric pressure measuring devices (for example, 2A, 2B, 2D, 2E) in FIG. 4A. A portion where the isobar 200 indicated by “H” on the left side is closed is a high atmospheric pressure, and a portion where the isobar 200 indicated by “L” on the right is closed is a low pressure. Moreover, the wind direction 210 is displayed by an arrow (vector), the reverse direction of the arrow indicates the wind direction, and the size of the arrow indicates the wind speed.

  In this way, if accurate wind direction and wind speed information can be provided in a specific local area, the weather forecast in that area will be made more accurate, for example, people from damage such as guerrilla heavy rain and tornadoes that were difficult to predict with conventional methods. It becomes possible to protect.

  Below, the calculation method of the wind direction wind speed information in a wind direction wind speed information generation part is demonstrated in detail, using a figure.

7). Wind direction and wind speed information generation unit 7.1. Acquisition of pressure gradient force The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit (see FIG. 1) calculates the pressure gradient force at a given position in a specific area based on the pressure gradient force distribution from the pressure gradient force calculation unit (see FIG. 1). . Here, the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution is information obtained by listing the atmospheric pressure gradient forces at the position of the atmospheric pressure measuring device, or information obtained by adding isobars to the information. Therefore, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit needs to first calculate the atmospheric pressure gradient force at a given position in a specific area.

The description will be made again with reference to FIG. Wind information generating unit, for example, it is necessary to obtain a pressure-gradient force position L ₁ in FIG. 4 (A). At this time, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit may use the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of the nearest atmospheric pressure measurement device so that the calculation burden is not increased. In the example of FIG. 4 (A), as a pressure-gradient force position L _1, using P _E is the nearest pressure gradient force pressure measuring apparatus 2E in. This approach, the distance _d x between pressure measuring device, when _{d y} is sufficiently short (e.g. _d x _{= d} y ₌ 100m) is effective for suppressing the amount of calculation without causing a large error.

Moreover, Wind information generating unit calculates a pressure gradient force position L ₁ by interpolating the pressure gradient force at the location of the two pressure measuring devices (2E in the example of FIG. 4 (A), 2F) in the vicinity of May be. Furthermore, (in the example of FIG. 4 (A) 2B, 2C, 2E, 2F) 4 single pressure measuring device in the vicinity may calculate the pressure gradient force position L ₁ by interpolating the pressure gradient force at the location of the . As an interpolation method, linear interpolation may be used, but other methods may be used.

  In this manner, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit can calculate the atmospheric pressure gradient force at an arbitrary position in the local specific area from the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution. And the wind direction wind speed in arbitrary positions is computable from the obtained atmospheric pressure gradient force, Coriolis force, centrifugal force, etc. which are mentioned later.

7.2. Geostrophic wind As described above, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit can calculate the atmospheric pressure gradient force at a given position in a specific area by calculation, but this cannot predict the actual wind direction and wind speed. Below, the example of the calculation method according to the wind made into object is demonstrated.

  First, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit can calculate the wind direction and wind speed information for the wind in the sky generated by a relatively large low pressure and high pressure so as to cover the specific area where the atmospheric pressure measurement device is arranged. An example of such a wind in the sky is geostrophic wind.

  Here, the low pressure and high pressure are surrounded by closed isobaric lines. The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit determines whether or not the low pressure and high pressure in the sky are large enough to cover the specific area where the barometric pressure measuring device is arranged, based on the pressure gradient force distribution from the pressure gradient force calculation unit. be able to.

  FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C are diagrams for explaining calculation of geostrophic wind. First, as shown in FIG. 6A, there is a difference in atmospheric pressure at a portion sandwiched between the isobaric lines 200E and 200F. Here, it is assumed that the isobaric line 200E is on the low pressure side and the isobaric line 200F is on the high pressure side. In addition, although the isobar in the sky is also called an isoaltitude line, it demonstrates using the word of an isobar.

  Due to the difference in atmospheric pressure in the sky, an atmospheric pressure gradient force 240 is generated from the isobaric line 200F toward the isobaric line 200E in the example of FIG. The air mass first moves along the direction of the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240. If the isobaric lines are equidistant and parallel, the pressure gradient force 240 is constant everywhere. If only the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240 acts, the air mass moves from the isobar 200F to the isobar 200E (that is, the wind blows) perpendicular to the isobar. A wind 242 in FIG. 6A represents the state at this time.

  However, for the air mass that has started to move as shown in FIG. 6 (A), a Coriolis force 244 in the right direction of travel acts in the northern hemisphere. The Coriolis force (turning force) works in the right direction perpendicular to the traveling direction, in proportion to the speed of the air mass (that is, the wind speed).

  In this way, the air mass is gradually accelerated by the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240, but as it is accelerated, the Coriolis force 244 increases in proportion to the acceleration. At this time, as shown in FIG. 6B, the air mass is accelerated while turning right due to the influence of the Coriolis force 244. That is, the direction of the wind 242 is bent in the direction of the resultant force of the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240 and the Coriolis force 244.

  Finally, as shown in FIG. 6C, the pressure gradient force 240 and the Coriolis force 244 are in opposite directions, and the forces acting on the air mass are balanced. Then, the air mass becomes a stable wind 242 that blows in parallel with the isobaric line at a constant speed. This is a geostrophic style.

  The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit can calculate the atmospheric pressure gradient force at a given position in the specific area based on the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution. Then, by obtaining the Coriolis force that balances it, it is possible to calculate the wind direction wind speed of the geostrophic wind.

  Here, the Coriolis force used for the geostrophic calculation is a force generated by the rotation of the earth. Therefore, the magnitude of the Coriolis force is expressed by the equation (7) where ω is the angular velocity of the earth's rotation, φ is the latitude, m is the mass of the moving object (here, air mass), and v is the wind velocity. It becomes like this.

At this time, for example, ω may be 7.27 × 10 ⁻⁵ [rad / s], and m is the mass of the air mass, and may be the same as the equations (1) to (4). Also, φ may be 35 degrees in Tokyo, for example. Here, when G is the atmospheric pressure gradient at the calculation target point (for example, corresponding to G _BE in the equation (1)), the atmospheric pressure gradient force P is represented by the equation (8). Since the atmospheric pressure gradient force P and the Coriolis force F _{C1 in the} equation (7) are equal, the wind speed v can be obtained as in the equation (9).

At this time, the wind direction of the geostrophic wind is a direction orthogonal to the pressure gradient force. In this manner, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit can accurately calculate the wind direction / wind speed information for the geostrophic wind blowing above. Note that the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit may obtain the latitude φ of the equations (7) and (9) from, for example, a latitude information storage unit (see FIG. 1).

  Here, the Coriolis force due to the rotation of the earth is also expressed as the first Coriolis force in order to distinguish it from the Coriolis force generated by the vortex of atmospheric pressure. The calculation of geostrophic wind is based on the assumption of large low and high pressures, and there is no need to consider Coriolis force (second Coriolis force) or centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the vortex. 6 (A) to 6 (C) illustrate the assumption of the northern hemisphere. Moreover, although the widths of the arrows (vectors) illustrated in FIGS. 6A to 6C are different from each other, they are for ease of viewing and have no intention.

7.3. Gradient wind The wind direction wind speed information generation unit can calculate wind direction wind speed information for winds in the sky generated by a medium-scale low pressure and high pressure, which are included in a specific area where a barometric pressure measuring device is arranged. An example of such a wind in the sky is a gradient wind.

  At this time, the isobaric lines are bent to draw an arc over the local specific area. The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit needs to calculate the wind direction and wind speed in consideration of the centrifugal force of low pressure and high pressure.

  FIG. 7A shows a state where a wind 242 (gradient wind) is generated around a medium-scale low pressure. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same element as FIG. 6 (A)-FIG.6 (C), and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The low pressure swirls counterclockwise. Therefore, the centrifugal force C is expressed as shown in Expression (10), where r is a radius of a circle formed by a pressure isobaric line at the calculation target position.

In Equation (10), m is the mass of the air mass, and v is the wind speed, which is the same as Equation (7). As shown in FIG. 7A, assuming that the resultant pressure of the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240 (see equation (8)), the Coriolis force 244 and the centrifugal force 246 (see equation (10)) is balanced, The wind speed v is calculated.

  At this time, in the example of FIG. 7A, the Coriolis force 244 is a resultant force of the first Coriolis force 244A and the second Coriolis force 244B. The first Coriolis force 244A is the Coriolis force due to the rotation of the earth, and is obtained in the same manner as the calculation of geostrophic wind (see equation (7)).

  On the other hand, the second Coriolis force 244B is generated by the rotation of a low-pressure vortex. Therefore, the magnitude of the second Coriolis force is as shown in Expression (11), where ω ′ is the angular velocity at which the low-pressure vortex rotates.

Note that m is the mass of the air mass, and v is the wind speed, which is the same as in equation (7). The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit performs calculation in consideration of not only the Coriolis force caused by the rotation of the earth but also the Coriolis force generated by the rotation of a medium-scale low-pressure vortex. Therefore, it is possible to generate accurate wind direction wind speed information of the gradient wind. The first Coriolis force 244A generated by the rotation of the earth and the second Coriolis force 244B generated by the low-pressure vortex act on the air mass, whereby the wind direction of the gradient wind is bent to the right.

  FIG. 7B shows a state in which a wind 242 is generated around a medium-scale high atmospheric pressure. Note that the same elements as those in FIG. 7A are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  High pressure swirls clockwise. Here, the centrifugal force C of the formula (10) is generated as in the case of low atmospheric pressure. However, since the direction of rotation of the vortex is opposite to that in the case of low pressure, the direction in which the second Coriolis force 244B acts is opposite to the first Coriolis force 244A. Then, a wind 242 (gradient wind) is generated in which the resultant force of the Coriolis force 244, the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240, and the centrifugal force 246 is balanced.

  As described above, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit can accurately calculate the wind direction / wind speed information for the gradient wind generated by a medium-scale low pressure or high pressure and blowing over the sky. Here, the medium scale may mean that the diameter of the low pressure and the high pressure is, for example, several hundred m or more and less than several tens km.

  Note that, in the gradient wind caused by the low atmospheric pressure in the sky as shown in FIG. 7A, the resultant pressure of the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240, the Coriolis force 244, and the centrifugal force 246 is balanced. Then, in the gradient wind due to the high atmospheric pressure as shown in FIG. 7B, the resultant force of the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240 and the centrifugal force 246 and the Coriolis force 244 are balanced. Therefore, if the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240 is the same and the radius r of the circle formed by the isobaric lines is the same, it can be seen that the gradient wind due to the high atmospheric pressure is stronger (the wind speed is faster).

  Further, when the influence of the centrifugal force and the second Coriolis force is relatively small, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit may omit the calculation of the centrifugal force and the second Coriolis force.

  For example, if the place to be calculated is sufficiently far from the center of the low pressure, that is, if r in Equation (10) is a sufficiently large value, the calculation is omitted because the influence of centrifugal force is sufficiently small. Also good. The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit can determine the center of the low pressure from the pressure gradient force distribution, and can grasp the magnitude of r.

  For example, when the second Coriolis force is sufficiently smaller than the centrifugal force, the calculation of the second Coriolis force may be omitted. For example, the calculation of the second Coriolis force (and the first Coriolis force) may be omitted assuming that the centrifugal force is dominant at a small low pressure.

7.4. Wind near the surface The wind near the surface needs to consider the effect of friction between the wind and the surface regardless of the magnitude of the low and high pressures. The frictional force acts in the direction to stop the wind. Due to the frictional force, the wind near the surface blows across the isobar. The angle across the isobaric line varies depending on the latitude and surface conditions, but around Japan it is around 20 ° on the sea and around 30 ° on land. For example, the frictional force increases in places where the ground surface is undulating.

  FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining the calculation of the wind near the ground surface caused by the low atmospheric pressure. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same element as FIG. 6 (A)-FIG. 7 (B), and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  Wind 242 near the surface of the earth (hereinafter referred to as wind 242) is affected by frictional force 248 that tries to stop the wind. Then, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit obtains the wind direction / wind speed of the wind 242 such that the resultant force 249 of the frictional force 248 and the Coriolis force 244 is balanced with the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240 by calculation. Here, in the example of FIG. 8A, the Coriolis force 244 may be only the first Coriolis force, or may be a resultant force of the first Coriolis force and the second Coriolis force. In this example, centrifugal force is omitted, but centrifugal force may be considered.

  Here, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit may calculate the frictional force 248 based on the terrain information. For example, in places where there are obstacles against wind such as mountains and hills, calculation may be performed assuming that a frictional force 248 that weakens the wind by 40% is generated. On the other hand, a frictional force 248 that weakens the wind by 10% may be generated on the flat ground. The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit may obtain the terrain information from the terrain information storage unit (see FIG. 1).

  FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating the case of high atmospheric pressure. In the case of a high atmospheric pressure, the direction of the wind is opposite to that of the low atmospheric pressure in FIG. Then, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit obtains the wind direction / wind speed of the wind 242 such that the resultant force 249 of the frictional force 248 and the Coriolis force 244 is balanced with the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240 by calculation.

  Thus, the wind direction wind speed information generation unit can accurately calculate the wind direction wind speed information for the wind near the ground surface by considering the frictional force based on the terrain information.

7.5. In the case of a tornado or dust whirlwind (spinning wind) that is even smaller than a typhoon wind, the centrifugal force increases due to the small turning radius and high wind speed. At this time, since the Coriolis force is relatively smaller than the centrifugal force, it can be ignored in the calculation.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the calculation of the wind 242 caused by a small-scale strong low atmospheric pressure such as a tornado or tsumuji wind. At this time, as shown in FIG. 9, the atmospheric pressure gradient force 240 and the centrifugal force 246 due to the rotational motion are balanced.

  When these forces are balanced (equilibrium wind balance), Equation (12) is established from Equation (8) and Equation (10).

Note that v, r, ρ, and G are the same as the equations (8) and (10), and the description thereof is omitted. Here, from equation (12), it can be seen that in the hydrodynamic wind, there can exist both a counterclockwise (v> 0) wind and a clockwise (v <0) wind even at a low pressure.

  In this way, the wind direction wind speed information generation unit can calculate the wind speed v so that a balanced wind balance is established, and can accurately calculate the wind direction wind speed information even for a balanced wind such as a tornado or a tsumugi wind.

7.6. Wind direction and wind speed calculation The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit obtains the atmospheric pressure gradient force at an arbitrary point from the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution as described above, and Coriolis force, centrifugal force, friction according to the target wind to obtain the wind direction and wind speed information. Calculation based on force and the like to generate accurate information.

  FIG. 10 is a table listing data used by the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit of the present embodiment for calculation of wind direction / wind speed information. The wind direction wind speed information generation unit may always perform calculation in consideration of all of the atmospheric pressure gradient force, the first Coriolis force, the second Coriolis force, the centrifugal force, and the friction force, and may generate the wind direction wind speed information. However, as described above, there are factors that hardly affect the wind direction and wind speed information depending on the scale of the low pressure and high pressure. By excluding such elements from the calculation target, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit of the present embodiment can perform efficient and high-speed calculations.

  For example, geostrophic winds occur at “large scale” low and high pressures and blow in the “free atmosphere” above. Then, as shown in the column “Large Scale” and “Free Air” in FIG. 10, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit of the present embodiment has a pressure gradient force 240 (see FIGS. 6A to 6C) and Only one Coriolis force 244A (FIGS. 7A to 7B) can be used in the calculation to efficiently generate the wind direction and wind speed information.

  In addition, for hydrodynamic winds (eg, tornadoes) near the surface where frictional forces need to be considered, the pressure gradient force, centrifugal force, and frictional force are calculated according to the “small” and “friction layer” fields in FIG. By doing so, it is possible to efficiently generate the wind direction and wind speed information about the hydrodynamic wind.

  As described above, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit of the present embodiment can generate accurate wind direction and wind speed information while reducing the calculation load according to the target wind.

8). Flowchart FIGS. 11 to 14 are flowcharts of the wind direction and wind speed information providing method of the present embodiment. For example, the processing unit (see FIG. 1) of the wind direction and wind speed information providing system of the present embodiment provides the wind direction and wind speed information according to the flow of FIGS. First, the main flowchart is described with reference to FIG. 11, and then the sub flowchart is described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 11, first, the processing unit receives a measurement timing setting from, for example, the operation unit (see FIG. 1) (S2). The measurement timing setting is setting information of a time interval at which the processing unit updates the atmospheric pressure data. According to the measurement timing setting, the processing unit may set a timing at which the atmospheric pressure measurement device measures the atmospheric pressure data, or may set a timing at which the processing unit receives the atmospheric pressure data.

  Then, the processing unit receives, for example, setting of the target wind and range from the operation unit (S4). For example, when obtaining the wind direction wind speed information about the gradient wind, the wind direction wind speed information generation unit (see FIG. 1) is set to calculate the atmospheric pressure gradient force, the first and second Coriolis forces, and the centrifugal force (FIG. 1). 10 “medium” and “free air”). For example, if only a part of a specific local area is targeted, the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit (see FIG. 1) may be set to receive atmospheric pressure data only from some atmospheric pressure measurement devices. Good.

  Next, the processing unit receives a setting for processing of wind direction and wind speed information (S6). The setting of the wind direction and wind speed information processing includes, for example, setting of a transmission destination of the wind direction and wind speed information, setting of timing for updating the display of the wind direction and wind speed (see FIG. 5B) on the display unit, and the like.

  If necessary, the processing unit sets the timing at which each atmospheric pressure measurement device measures atmospheric pressure data, for example, via the transmission unit (S8).

  After these advance preparations, the processing unit obtains atmospheric pressure data from a plurality of atmospheric pressure measuring devices (S10), an atmospheric pressure gradient force calculating step (S20) for generating an atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution in a specific area, and wind direction A wind direction and wind speed information generating step (S30) for generating wind speed information is executed.

  And a process part performs required processes, such as transmission and a display, based on the newly obtained wind direction wind speed information (S40). Thereafter, if there is no end instruction, the process returns to S10 again (S50N), and if there is an end instruction, the process ends (S50Y).

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the atmospheric pressure data acquisition step (S10). The processing unit receives atmospheric pressure data from the atmospheric pressure measuring device at a predetermined timing (S12). The predetermined timing is, for example, the measurement timing set in S2 by the operation unit.

  The atmospheric pressure data is received until all the data necessary for generating the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution is obtained (S14N). Then, when all the data is obtained, the atmospheric pressure data acquisition step is ended (S14Y).

  FIG. 13 is a flowchart of the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation step (S20). Among the processing units, the atmospheric pressure gradient force calculation unit calculates the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of the atmospheric pressure measurement device in S20 and generates an atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution.

  The atmospheric pressure gradient calculating unit first calculates the atmospheric gradient force between different atmospheric pressure measuring devices (S22). For example, it corresponds to performing the calculation as in the above formula (1). Then, all necessary atmospheric pressure gradient forces are calculated (S24N). For example, in order to obtain the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the position of each atmospheric pressure measuring device, it corresponds to repeating calculations such as the above equations (1) to (4). Then, all necessary calculations are performed (S24Y), and a pressure gradient force distribution in a specific area is generated (S26).

  FIG. 14 is a flowchart of the wind direction and wind speed information generation step (S30). Of the processing units, the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit acquires the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution and necessary information (S32). The necessary information is, for example, latitude information necessary for calculating the first Coriolis force, terrain information necessary for calculating the friction force, and the like.

  If necessary, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit obtains the atmospheric pressure gradient force at a specific position by calculation. At this time, an interpolation process such as linear interpolation may be performed based on the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution (S34). Then, all necessary atmospheric pressure gradient forces are obtained by calculation (S35N).

  Then, after obtaining the latest necessary atmospheric pressure gradient force (S35Y), the past atmospheric pressure gradient force is acquired from the storage unit (see FIG. 1) (S36). This is because the change in the pressure gradient force is grasped by comparison with the past pressure gradient force. At this time, for example, information that a strong ascending air current or the like is generated, and information such as the rotational speed of a vortex such as a small low pressure can be obtained. Then, accurate wind direction and wind speed information is generated based on the atmospheric pressure gradient force and such information (S37).

  Thereafter, the wind direction / wind speed information generation unit stores the latest atmospheric pressure gradient force in the storage unit (S38), and ends the wind direction / wind speed information generation step.

  Thus, according to the flowchart of FIGS. 11-14, the process part of the wind direction wind speed information provision system of this embodiment can provide exact wind direction wind speed information. Including the step of S36 can detect, for example, an updraft. At this time, it is possible to predict short-term heavy rain in a specific local area, and to provide useful weather fluctuation information in addition to wind direction and wind speed information.

9. Others The present invention is not limited to these examples, and the present invention includes configurations that are substantially the same as the configurations described in the embodiments (for example, configurations that have the same functions, methods, and results, or configurations that have the same purposes and effects). . In addition, the invention includes a configuration in which a non-essential part of the configuration described in the embodiment is replaced. In addition, the present invention includes a configuration that exhibits the same operational effects as the configuration described in the embodiment or a configuration that can achieve the same object. Further, the invention includes a configuration in which a known technique is added to the configuration described in the embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wind direction Wind speed information provision system, 2, 2A-2I ... Barometric pressure measuring device, 4 ... Data processing device, 10 ... Barometric pressure sensor, 12 ... Transmission part, 20 ... Reception part, 30 ... Processing part, 32 ... Calculation of atmospheric pressure gradient force 34: Wind direction / wind speed information generation unit, 40 ... Operation unit, 50 ... ROM, 60 ... RAM, 70 ... Display unit, 80 ... Transmission unit, 52 ... Latitude information storage unit, 54 ... Terrain information storage unit, 100 ... Pressure Sensor element 110 ... Oscillator circuit 120 ... Counter 130 ... TCXO 140 ... MPU 150 ... Temperature sensor 160 ... EEPROM 170 ... Communication interface 200,200A to 200F ... Isobaric line 210 ... Wind direction wind speed 220 ... Air Lump, 230-233 ... force, 240 ... pressure gradient force, 242 ... wind, 244 ... Coriolis force, 244A ... first Coriolis force, 244B ... second Ori force, 246 ... centrifugal force, 248 ... friction force, 249 ... force

Claims (7)

A wind direction and wind speed information providing system that provides weather information on wind direction and speed in a specific local area,
A plurality of barometric pressure measuring devices arranged at different positions in the specific area;
A data processing device for processing the atmospheric pressure data measured by each of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices,
The data processing device includes:
Based on the atmospheric pressure data measured by each of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices, calculating an atmospheric pressure gradient force between the different atmospheric pressure measuring devices, and generating an atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution in the specific area;
Wind direction wind speed information for calculating the atmospheric pressure gradient force at a given position in the specific area based on the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution and generating weather information about the wind direction and wind speed based on the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the given position A wind direction and wind speed information providing system including a generation unit. In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to claim 1,
The data processing device includes:
Including a latitude information storage unit including latitude information of the specific area;
The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit
A wind direction and wind speed information providing system that calculates a first Coriolis force based on the latitude information from the latitude information storage unit and generates weather information about the wind direction and wind speed based on the first Coriolis force. In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to claim 1,
The data processing device includes:
Including a terrain information storage unit including terrain information of the specific area;
The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit
A wind direction and wind speed information providing system that calculates a frictional force based on the terrain information from the terrain information storage unit and generates weather information related to the wind direction and wind speed based on the frictional force. In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit
Based on the pressure gradient force distribution, the low pressure and high pressure scales in the specific area are calculated. If the scale is within a predetermined range, the second Coriolis force due to the rotation of the low pressure and high pressure vortices is calculated. A wind direction and wind speed information providing system that calculates and generates weather information about the wind direction and wind speed based on the second Coriolis force. In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The wind direction and wind speed information generation unit
Based on the pressure gradient force distribution, the low pressure and high pressure scales in the specific area are calculated. If the scale is smaller than a predetermined value, the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the low pressure and high pressure vortices is calculated. A wind direction and wind speed information providing system that generates weather information related to the wind direction and wind speed based on the centrifugal force. In the wind direction and wind speed information providing system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The data processing device includes:
A wind direction and wind speed information providing system including a display unit that displays the wind direction and the wind speed at a given position in the specific area based on the wind direction and weather information related to the wind speed generated by the wind direction and wind speed information generation unit. A wind direction and wind speed information providing method for providing weather information on wind direction and wind speed in a specific local area,
An atmospheric pressure data acquisition step of acquiring atmospheric pressure data from a plurality of atmospheric pressure measuring devices arranged at different positions in the specific area;
Based on the atmospheric pressure data measured by each of the atmospheric pressure measuring devices, calculating an atmospheric pressure gradient force between the different atmospheric pressure measuring devices to generate an atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution in the specific area; and
Wind direction wind speed information for calculating the atmospheric pressure gradient force at a given position in the specific area based on the atmospheric pressure gradient force distribution and generating weather information about the wind direction and wind speed based on the atmospheric pressure gradient force at the given position A wind direction and wind speed information providing method including a generation step.