JP2013001892A - Fuel generation system and power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel generation system which can suppress the occurrence of tar when a fuel gas is obtained by gasification of an oil extraction residue after the extraction of a liquid oil.SOLUTION: The fuel generation system comprises an oil extraction unit 20 for pressing out a liquid oil from an oil-containing biomass containing oil, and a gasification unit 60 for generating a fuel gas from the oil extraction residue after the liquid oil has been pressed out by the oil extraction unit 20, wherein the fuel generation system is provided with a briquette unit 30 for preparing a briquette by mixing a dry biomass in a dry state into the oil extraction residue and compressing the mixture, and the gasification unit 60 generates fuel gas by heating the briquette prepared by the briquette unit 30, in a state where the amount of air has been limited.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel generation system that generates fuel from biomass containing oil. The present invention also relates to a power generation system that generates electric power using fuel obtained from biomass containing oil.

  A combustion system that co-fires plant seed-derived fuel gas and plant seed-derived fuel oil is known. For example, in Patent Document 1, liquid fuel oil is squeezed out from plant seeds, and fuel gas is generated by gasifying an oil residue in a gasification furnace, and these fuel oil and fuel gas are generated by an engine. A combustion system for co-firing is described.

JP 2010-236472 A

  In the above-described combustion system, the oil residue contains a considerable amount of oil that could not be expressed. For this reason, if it gasifies only with a gasifier, oil will turn into tar. As a result, a large amount of tar is contained in the fuel gas, and it adheres to a power engine such as an engine, resulting in a problem that the amount of carbon increases when the air intake amount decreases or is burned.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, The objective is to suppress generation | occurrence | production of a tar, when obtaining fuel gas from an oil extraction residue.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention generates fuel gas from an oil extraction part for extracting liquid oil from oil-containing biomass containing oil, and an oil extraction residue after the liquid oil has been extracted by the oil extraction part. A fuel generation system including a gasification unit, comprising a briquette unit for producing a briquette by mixing dry compressed biomass in a dry state with the oil residue and compressing, and the gasification unit includes the briquette unit The fuel gas is generated by heating the briquette produced in step 1 with the amount of air limited.

  Further, the present invention is an oil extraction part that squeezes liquid oil from oil-containing biomass containing oil, and a gasification part that generates fuel gas from the oil extraction residue after the liquid oil is extracted by the oil extraction part, A power generation system including a power generation unit that generates power using the liquid oil and the fuel gas as fuel, and a briquette unit for producing briquettes by mixing dry compressed biomass in the dry state with the oil residue and compressing The gasification unit generates the fuel gas by heating the briquette produced by the briquette unit in a state where the amount of air is limited.

  According to the said invention, since a briquette part produces a briquette by mixing and compressing dry dry biomass to an oil residue, the oil content in a briquette can be adjusted with the amount of dry biomass mixed. . For this reason, when a briquette is gasified in a gasification furnace, oil content is adjusted moderately and generation | occurrence | production of tar can be suppressed.

  In the above-described system, when the gasification unit has a downdraft type gasification furnace, the tar content in the product gas can be further suppressed.

  In the above-described system, the gasification unit is generated when the fuel gas discharged from the gasification furnace has a scrubber that removes the fuel gas by pouring wash water into a shower shape. Fuel gas dust can be removed with less energy.

  In the above-described system, the gasification unit has a filter unit that adsorbs a tar component contained in the fuel gas after cleaning discharged from the scrubber, and the filter unit is a filter material that adsorbs the tar component. When dry biomass is used, the tar content contained in the fuel gas after washing can be adsorbed by a simple method.

  In the above-mentioned system, when the briquette unit mixes and compresses the dry biomass used in the filter unit into the oil residue, the dry biomass used as a filter material serves as an oil content adjusting material during briquette production. Can also be used effectively. Moreover, re-decomposition of the tar content adhering to the dry biomass can be expected.

  In the aforementioned system, the oil-containing biomass is preferably a plant seed. The dry biomass is preferably obtained by drying a plant. Any invention can effectively use plant resources.

  According to the present invention, when gasified oil residue after squeezing liquid oil is gasified to obtain fuel gas, generation of tar can be suppressed.

It is a block diagram explaining the structure of a power generation system. It is a conceptual diagram explaining a drying part. It is a conceptual diagram explaining an oil extraction part. It is a conceptual diagram explaining a briquette part. It is a conceptual diagram explaining an oil refinement | purification part (a dephosphorization process part and a filtration part). It is a conceptual diagram explaining a gasification part. It is a conceptual diagram explaining a biomass filter. It is a conceptual diagram explaining an electric power generation part.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. First, the configuration of the power generation system 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The illustrated power generation system 1 generates power by squeezing liquid oil from plant seeds into fuel oil, gasifying the oil residue into fuel gas, and co-firing the fuel oil and fuel gas. Is. This power generation system 1 includes a drying unit 10, an oil extraction unit 20, a briquette unit 30, a dephosphorization processing unit 40, a filtration unit 50, a gasification unit 60, a power generation unit 70, a power receiving relay unit 80, And a hot water production unit 90.

  Of these components, the oil extraction unit 20, the briquette unit 30, the dephosphorization processing unit 40, the filtration unit 50, and the gasification unit 60 generate fuel oil and fuel gas from plant seeds. The system 100 is configured. In addition, the dephosphorization processing unit 40 and the filtering unit 50 constitute an oil refining unit 110 that refines oil and uses it as fuel oil (refined oil). Hereinafter, each part will be described.

  The drying unit 10 is a part that dries oil-containing biomass or the like that is the basis of the fuel oil. As shown in FIG. 2, the drying part 10 of this embodiment is comprised including the roasting apparatus 11 which roasts the seed of a plant. The roasting device 11 uses exhaust gas from a diesel engine (see FIG. 8) included in the power generation unit 70 as a heat source. For example, the iron plate is heated from below by introducing exhaust gas to the heat insulating space 11b that partitions the lower surface of the roasting iron plate 11a. As a result, the heat generated during power generation is effectively used. In addition, the exhaust gas discharged | emitted from the roasting apparatus 11 is utilized as a heat source in the warm water manufacturing part 90 which manufactures warm water.

  The seeds of the plant roasted by the roasting apparatus 11 are a kind of oil-containing biomass containing oil. Examples of plant seeds that can be used include jatropha, palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, and coconut. By making plant seeds into oil-containing biomass, plant resources can be effectively utilized. In this embodiment, jatropha seeds are used. The reasons for using jatropha seeds are that it is not edible, has a higher oil content than the average seed, and can grow in acidic soil.

  The oil extraction part 20 is a part which squeezes oil out of dry oil-containing biomass. The oil demon shown in FIG. 3, the oil squeezing unit 20 of the present embodiment, is configured to include an oil squeezing device 21, an oil container 22, a residue container 23, and an oil filter 24.

  The oil pressing device 21 is a device that crushes and squeezes oil-containing biomass. For example, a hopper 21a into which oil-containing biomass is charged, and a screw-type pressing portion 21b that squeezes oil-containing biomass supplied from the hopper 21a. have. In the present embodiment, the roasted jatropha seeds are put into the hopper portion 21a to squeeze the oil.

  The oil container 22 is a container in which the oil (oil) squeezed by the pressing part 21b is stored. The residue container 23 is a container for storing an oil residue after the oil is squeezed by the pressing part 21b. The oil filter 24 is a part that filters the oil supplied from the oil container 22 and filters out fine residues contained in the oil.

  The briquette part 30 is a part that molds the oil residue and dry biomass into a bean-charcoal briquette, and includes a briquette device 31 as shown in FIG. 4, for example. The obtained briquette is gasified in the gasification furnace 61 (refer FIG. 6) of the gasification part 60 as a raw material of fuel gas.

  The illustrated briquette apparatus 31 includes a hopper portion 31a into which raw materials (oil extraction residue and dry biomass) are charged, and a molding portion 31b that mixes the raw materials supplied from the hopper portion 31a and compresses them into a bean charcoal shape. . In the present embodiment, briquettes are produced using jatropha seed pomace (oil extraction residue) and dried rice husk (dry biomass) as raw materials. In addition, regarding dry rice husks, in this embodiment, dry rice husks in a state where tar content is attached, which has been used in the biomass filter 67 (see FIG. 6) of the gasification unit 60, is also mixed.

  Dry biomass used as a raw material for briquettes is used as an oil adjusting material in briquettes. That is, the oil which could not be squeezed remains in the oil residue. For this reason, when a briquette is produced only from the oil extraction residue, the oil content becomes excessive, and the amount of tar generated increases when gasified in the gasification section 60. Therefore, the oil content in the briquette is adjusted by adding dry biomass having a smaller oil content than the oil residue and molding to suppress excessive generation of tar.

  As an example to the last, when the oil residue and dried rice husks of Jatropha seeds are used as the raw material for briquettes, the knowledge that tar generation can be suppressed by mixing at a ratio of about 20% of dry rice husks to 80% of the oil residue is obtained. It has been.

  Thus, since dry biomass is a regulator of the oil content in briquettes, various types of biomass having a lower oil content than the oil residue can be used. For example, it may be agricultural biomass such as rice husk or straw, or may be a crushed piece of wood or sawdust. Also, waste paper can be used. And by using plant-derived biomass obtained by drying plants, such as rice husks, straw, crushed wood, and sawdust, plant resources can be effectively utilized.

  The dephosphorization process part 40 is a part which performs the dephosphorization process which removes a phosphorus component from the oil from the oil extraction part 20, and has the sedimentation tank 41 and the dephosphorization apparatus 42 as shown in FIG. The sedimentation tank 41 is a container in which the oil filtered by the oil filter 24 is stored, and sediments particles contained by allowing the oil to stand. The dephosphorization device 42 is a device that removes a phosphorus component from the oil. By this process, the phosphorus component that hinders operation in the diesel engine 74 (see FIG. 8) of the power generation unit 70 is removed.

  The filtration unit 50 is a part that filters the oil from which the phosphorus component has been removed, and includes a pressurizing pump 51 and a filter press 52, as shown in FIG. The pressurizing pump 51 is a part that pressurizes the oil and sends it to the filter press 52. The filter press 52 is a part that filters oil. By filtering with a filter press 52, a purified oil from which impurities have been removed is obtained. This refined oil is used as fuel oil for the diesel engine 74.

  The gasification unit 60 is a part that obtains fuel gas by heating the briquette produced in the briquette unit 30, and includes a gasification furnace 61, a scrubber 64, and filters 67 and 68 as shown in FIG. 6. It consists of

The gasification furnace 61 generates fuel gas (H ₂ , CO, CH _4, etc.) by decomposing organic substances contained in the briquette by heating the briquette in a state where air is restricted. In the present embodiment, a downdraft type fixed bed gasifier is used. The reason why the downdraft type gasification furnace 61 is used is that the gas flows downward in the furnace, so that the tar content contained in the generated fuel gas is likely to accumulate below the other gasification furnaces. This is because the tar content can be reduced.

  A conveyor 62 is provided adjacent to the lower side of the gasification furnace 61. This conveyor 62 conveys the ash after gasification. This ash is reused as an adsorbent for drainage purification or as a soil conditioner. On the other hand, the fuel gas generated in the gasification furnace 61 is introduced into the gas cyclone 63 to remove carbide dust and the like.

  The scrubber 64 is a device that further removes dust contained in the fuel gas from the gas cyclone 63, and has a main scrubber 64a and a sub scrubber 64b. The main scrubber 64a pours water into the fuel gas from the gas cyclone 63 in a shower-like manner to remove the fuel gas and lower the temperature. The sub scrubber 64b pours shower-like water into contact with the fuel gas from the main scrubber 64a to remove the fuel gas and reduce the temperature. The main scrubber 64a mainly cools the fuel gas and removes dust, and the sub scrubber 64b mainly removes the tar content.

  The water used in the main scrubber 64a and the sub scrubber 64b is stored in the water tank 64c. The water stored in the water tank 64c is used again by the main scrubber 64a and the sub scrubber 64b. In this way, by removing dust from the fuel gas with the scrubber 64, dust can be removed with less energy.

  An intake blower 66 is provided downstream of the scrubber 64, and the fuel gas removed by the sub scrubber 64 b is sucked out by the intake blower 66. In the present embodiment, a cyclone 65 and a biomass filter 67 are provided between the sub scrubber 64 b and the intake blower 66. For this reason, the fuel gas after being purified by the cyclone 65 and the biomass filter 67 is introduced into the intake blower 66.

  The biomass filter 67 adsorbs the tar content contained in the fuel gas. In the present embodiment, since the dust is removed by bringing the fuel gas into contact with water in the scrubber 64, the fuel gas that has passed through the scrubber 64 may contain a tar component. This is because the fuel gas cannot be cooled to a sufficiently low temperature. Therefore, a biomass filter 67 is provided to remove the tar content contained in the fuel gas.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the biomass filter 67 is a filter in which a housing is filled with a filter material FL. Piping is connected to the upstream end portion and the downstream end portion of the housing, and the fuel gas discharged from the cyclone 65 (fuel gas containing tar content) is introduced from the upstream end portion and is filtered. It flows downstream through the gaps between them. At this time, the tar content is adsorbed by the filter material FL and separated from the fuel gas.

  As the filter material FL, dry biomass capable of adsorbing a tar content is used. In the present embodiment, rice husks are used in the same manner as dry biomass mixed with the oil residue in the briquette part 30. This is because the used filter material FL (rice husk) is reused as an oil content adjusting material for briquette production. Since the filter material FL is periodically replaced, it is reused as an oil content adjusting material, which contributes to resource saving. Moreover, thermal decomposition of tar adhering to the filter material FL can be expected at the time of briquetting gasification.

  Examples of dry biomass that can be used as the filter material FL include rice husks, cocoons, pulverized plant leaves, crushed pieces of wood, sawdust, and waste paper. Thus, by using dry biomass as the filter material FL, the tar content contained in the fuel gas after cleaning can be adsorbed by a simple method.

  A fabric filter 68 is provided on the downstream side of the intake blower 66. The fabric filter 68 is a filter using cloth as a filter medium, and performs further dust removal on the fuel gas discharged from the intake blower 66.

  A flare stack 69 is provided on the downstream side of the fabric filter 68 to make the excess gas harmless. A portion of the piping downstream from the branching portion with the flare stack 69 is joined to an introduction pipe (engine air line) for introducing air. Thus, the fuel gas is mixed with the air flowing through the introduction pipe, and the air containing the fuel gas is supplied to the diesel engine 74 of the power generation unit 70.

  The power generation unit 70 is a part that acquires power from refined oil (fuel oil) and a mixed gas to generate power. As shown in FIG. 8, for example, the power generation unit 70 includes a refined oil storage tank 71, a light oil tank 72, an oil heating device 73, a diesel engine 74, and a generator 75.

  The refined oil storage tank 71 is a container for storing the refined oil discharged from the filtration unit 50. The light oil tank 72 is a container for storing light oil. The oil heating device 73 heats fuel oil (refined oil, light oil) supplied to the diesel engine 74. In the present embodiment, the fuel oil is heated using the coolant for the diesel engine 74 as a heat source.

  The diesel engine 74 is a portion that generates power for driving the generator 75 by consuming fuel oil, and includes a combustion chamber 74a, an intake manifold 74b, an exhaust manifold 74c, a supercharger 74d, and a radiator 74d. ing.

  In the present embodiment, the mixed gas introduced into the intake manifold 74b through the supercharger 74d and the fuel oil sucked up by the pump 76c are introduced into the combustion chamber 74a and are combusted by being compressed by the piston. That is, the fuel oil obtained from the oil-containing biomass and the combustion gas obtained from the oil extraction residue are co-fired. Thereby, more energy can be obtained from oil-containing biomass, and effective utilization can be achieved. In addition, since the combustion gas is included, the ignition temperature can be lowered as compared with the case of burning only with fuel oil. In addition, about the fuel oil, the clean thing filtered with the filters 76a and 76b is introduced.

  Heat is generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 74a. As described above, the coolant is used as a heat source for the oil heating device 73, and then cooled by the radiator 74d and returned to the diesel engine 74. Further, the exhaust gas is sent from the exhaust manifold 74c to the roasting apparatus 11 via the supercharger 74d. Further, the exhaust gas discharged from the roasting device 11 is sent to the hot water production unit 90 and used as a heat source when heating the water. Thereby, the effective use of the heat accompanying the generation of power can be achieved.

  The generator 75 rotates with the power obtained by the engine and generates AC power. The generated AC power is supplied to the power receiving relay unit 80 and supplied to the outside (for example, a distribution line).

<Summary>
In the power generation system 1 described above, the briquette unit 30 produces a briquette by mixing and compressing dried rice husks into the oil residue, and the gasification unit 60 converts the briquette produced by the briquette unit 30 into the amount of air. The fuel gas (H ₂ , CO, CH _4, etc.) is generated by heating in a state where the pressure is limited. For this reason, gasification can be performed in a state in which the oil content in the briquette is appropriately adjusted and tar generation is suppressed.

  Since the gasification part 60 which gasifies briquette has the downdraft type gasification furnace 61, the tar content of the produced | generated combustion gas can be suppressed.

  In addition, the gasification unit 60 has a scrubber 64 that removes fuel gas by pouring wash water into the shower gas into the fuel gas discharged from the gasification furnace 61, so that dust can be removed with low energy consumption. It can be carried out.

  Further, the gasification unit 60 has a filter unit that adsorbs a tar content contained in the cleaned fuel gas discharged from the scrubber 64, and this filter unit is in a dry state as a filter material FL that adsorbs the tar content. The rice husk is used. Thereby, the waste rice husk can be used effectively. In addition, the rice husk used as the filter material FL is mixed with the oil residue when the briquette is produced, so that the rice husk can be used more effectively.

  The above description of the embodiment is for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof. For example, you may comprise as follows.

  First, the drying unit 10 is not limited to the roasting device 11 as long as the oil-containing biomass can be dried. For example, it may be a drying room. In this case, the drying chamber can be configured by arranging the meandering pipe for heat exchange in the heat insulating chamber. Regarding oil-containing biomass, it is not limited to plant seeds. Any organic substance that can squeeze oil can be an oil-containing biomass. For example, a plant bark may be used. Moreover, the object to be dried by the drying unit 10 is not limited to oil-containing biomass. For example, rice husk that is the filter material FL of the biomass filter 67 may be dried by the drying unit 10.

  The gasification furnace 61 included in the gasification unit 60 may not be a downdraft type gasification furnace. For example, it may be a fluidized bed gasifier. Further, instead of the scrubber 64b, a chiller that removes tar with water cooled to a low temperature by a refrigerant may be used.

  For the power generation unit 70, a gas turbine that burns a mixed gas or a steam boiler that generates steam with fuel oil may be used. When a power engine that burns a mixed gas such as a gas turbine is used, the fuel oil (refined oil) obtained by the fuel generation system 100 can be used as a fuel for another power engine.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electric power generation system, 10 ... Drying part, 11 ... Roasting apparatus, 11a ... Iron plate for roasting, 11b ... Thermal insulation space, 20 ... Oil extraction part, 21 ... Oil expression apparatus, 21a ... Hopper part, 21b ... Squeezing part, 22 ... Oil container, 23 ... Residue container, 24 ... Oil filter, 30 ... Briquette part, 31 ... Briquette device, 31a ... Hopper part, 31b ... Molding part, 40 ... Dephosphorization processing part, 41 ... Sedimentation tank, 42 ... Dephosphorization device, 50 ... Filtration unit, 51 ... Pressure pump, 52 ... Filter press, 60 ... Gasification unit, 61 ... Gasification furnace, 62 ... Conveyor, 63 ... Gas cyclone, 64 ... Scrubber, 64a ... Main scrubber, 64b ... Sub scrubber, 64c ... Water tank, 65 ... Cyclone, 66 ... Intake blower, 67 ... Biomass filter, 68 ... Fabric filter, 69 ... Flare stack, 70 ... Electrical section 71 ... refined oil storage tank 72 ... light oil tank 73 ... oil heating device 74 ... diesel engine 74a ... combustion chamber 74b ... intake manifold 74c ... exhaust manifold 74d ... supercharger 74d ... radiator 75 ... Generator, 76a ... Filter, 76b ... Filter, 76c ... Pump, 80 ... Receiving relay unit, 90 ... Hot water production unit, 100 ... Fuel generation system, 110 ... Oil purification unit, FL ... Filter material

Claims (8)

A fuel generation system that includes an oil extraction unit that squeezes liquid oil from oil-containing biomass containing oil, and a gasification unit that generates fuel gas from the oil extraction residue after the liquid oil has been extracted by the oil extraction unit. There,
A briquette part for preparing a briquette is prepared by mixing and compressing dry biomass in a dry state with the oil residue,
The said gasification part produces | generates the said fuel gas by heating the briquette produced in the said briquette part in the state which restricted the air quantity, The fuel generation system characterized by the above-mentioned.   The fuel generation system according to claim 1, wherein the gasification unit includes a downdraft type gasification furnace.   3. The fuel according to claim 2, wherein the gasification unit includes a scrubber for removing dust from the fuel gas by pouring wash water into the shower gas into the fuel gas discharged from the gasification furnace. 4. Generation system. The gasification unit has a filter unit that adsorbs a tar content contained in the fuel gas after cleaning discharged from the scrubber,
The fuel generation system according to claim 3, wherein the filter unit uses dry biomass as a filter material that adsorbs the tar content.   The fuel generation system according to claim 4, wherein the briquette unit mixes and compresses the dry biomass used in the filter unit into the oil residue.   The fuel generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the oil-containing biomass is plant seeds.   The fuel generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the dry biomass is obtained by drying a plant. An oil extraction part that squeezes liquid oil from oil-containing biomass containing oil, a gasification part that generates fuel gas from the oil extraction residue after the liquid oil is extracted by the oil extraction part, the liquid oil, and the fuel A power generation system including a power generation unit that generates power using gas as fuel,
A briquette part for preparing a briquette is prepared by mixing and compressing dry biomass in a dry state with the oil residue,
The said gasification part produces | generates the said fuel gas by heating the briquette produced in the said briquette part in the state which restrict | limited air quantity, The electric power generation system characterized by the above-mentioned.

Images