JP2012524881A - Smoking room where air is exchanged by laminar flow - Google Patents

Abstract

  The present invention relates to a relaxation space of the type having means for exchanging air, in particular a smoking room, the means being provided with air supply means (8) and exhaust means (20), said exchange means being in the space. Consisting of holes distributed over the entire floor (13) and the ceiling (9), the relaxation space comprising at least two parts of the hole in the floor (13), ie a downstream part open to said relaxation space; The cross section is larger than that of the downstream portion, and is characterized by being composed of an upstream portion that is open on the other side of the floor (13).

Description

  The present invention relates to a relaxation space, in particular a smoking room.

  Smoking rooms are well known in countries where laws are imposed, especially for smoking in public spaces, and smokers gather in smoking rooms away from social areas where non-smokers are located. In most cases, these smoking rooms are released by smoking rooms, especially for two essential reasons: one with the interior of the smoking room and the other without effective ventilation. The unpleasant odor that users later find on their clothes makes them unattractive with the atmosphere of a smoking room, which often makes breathing difficult.

  Ventilation means used in buildings where it is necessary to change air for comfort, when used to ventilate smoking buildings, these ventilation means have additional air conditioning functions. It is known that it is usually not effective whether or not it is.

  In most cases, these ventilation means consist of small vents configured to provide a clean air flow to the building and to discharge a dirty air flow from the building. Therefore, when a large amount of air in a building needs to be quickly replaced via a small air / intake vent, it is necessary to circulate the air flow at a relatively high speed. Under these conditions, even if the rhythmically fed air is above a certain speed, even if it is at a temperature that would normally be comfortable if the air does not move, Problems arise because the user's skin feels cold. This phenomenon is known as droughtness.

  One problem solution to provide a comfortable amount of replacement air at an appropriate rate, i.e. without making the user feel cold, is to increase the diameter of the vents and ducts.

  In this case, a problem arises in that the duct is usually placed on the suspended ceiling of the building in which it is used, and this increase in the volume of the duct results in a reduction in unacceptable space.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 06-229584 and 04-161749 propose an air conditioner in which air is supplied from the ground surface through a perforated plate that has a large number of holes and covers the area of the air-conditioned room. Yes. This air is fed in with a “push-out effect” and is therefore exhausted through a ceiling that is similarly perforated over its entire area.

  Still, air that passes through a perforated plate, in other words, a thin wall, tends to generate high levels of flow noise, uniform squealing, for example, when the hole has a small diameter of about 2 mm to 5 mm. I know that.

  At present, it is desirable that the hole in the floor has a small diameter, on the other hand, in order to avoid the problems associated with the small heels of women's shoes on the one hand when it is necessary to create a relaxation space. At the same time, it is desirable to be able to benefit from silence that is not disturbed by ventilation noise in the space.

  The object of the present invention is to allow the air exchange means to freshen the whole volume without difficulty by replacing the air in a laminar flow without causing the user to feel cold and causing draughts. Proposing a relaxation space is to eliminate these drawbacks.

  Another object of the present invention is that the supply of air causes air to be fed from all areas of the floor and air to be exhausted from all areas of the ceiling without generating any drott or perceptible airflow noise. It is to propose the realization of such relaxation space.

  The present invention therefore resides in a relaxation space of the type having means for replacing air, in particular in a smoking room, which means is provided with supply means and exhaust means, said replacement means comprising the entire floor of this space and The relaxation space is composed of holes distributed over the ceiling, and the relaxation space has at least two holes in the floor, that is, a downstream portion opened to the relaxation space, and a larger cross section than the downstream portion, and the other side of the floor And an upstream portion opened on the side of the head.

  It is preferable that the outlet cross-sectional area of the downstream hole portion is about ¼ of the cross-sectional area of the upstream hole portion.

  The hole usually has a circular cross section, and the diameter of the downstream hole can be about 2 mm to 5 mm, preferably about 3 mm. Furthermore, the diameter of the upstream hole can be 8 mm to 20 mm, preferably about 15 mm.

  In different embodiments, the holes can be comprised of a downstream hole, an upstream hole, and an intermediate hole. The diameter of the upstream hole can be about 12 mm, and the diameter of the intermediate hole can be about 8 mm. The length of the downstream hole can be 5 mm to 8 mm, preferably 6 mm. The length of the upstream hole can be 20 mm to 60 mm, preferably 40 mm. Finally, the length of the intermediate hole can be 5 mm to 15 mm, preferably 10 mm.

  According to the present invention, the air supply means operates through the floor of the building, and the exhaust means operates through the ceiling of the building.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the relaxation space comprises a perforated raised floor and suspended ceiling, the latter holes being in a regular manner throughout the ceiling, in particular a distribution density of 3000 / m ² . In particular, with a five-eye shape arrangement.

  Air is preferably blown from the floor and discharged from the ceiling, and an upper buffer space connected to the exhaust means is preferably provided between the ceiling and the suspended ceiling. Similarly, a lower buffer space connected to the air supply means is provided between the floor and the ground.

  The air supply and exhaust means for the floor can be composed of an integrated two-flow ventilation unit and an air conditioning means that are optionally provided with a heat recovery device. The air flow is laminar.

  The air supply means preferably includes temperature and relative humidity control means, and the temperature and relative humidity control means may include means for their (remote) control, correction and maintenance.

  In one beneficial embodiment of the invention, the relaxation space is a modular system that can be combined with other modules of the same type. These modules define a structure that can be ground and floor, ceiling and suspended ceiling, and glass, including a lateral wall provided with at least one opening, and a box that accepts all of the air treatment technology means. Includes walls. Of course, the air treatment technology means may be independent.

  Air is supplied and exhausted through manifolds connected to the blowing means and the exhaust means, respectively. The flow rate of the exhaust means is preferably larger than the flow rate of the blower means so that the relaxation space has a slightly lower pressure than the external atmosphere.

  Furthermore, the base part of the entrance door is provided with means suitable for generating a curtain formed by an air flow faster than the speed of the processing air in the space in front of the entrance / exit. The means for generating the air curtain is constituted by a slot extending at least from end to end of the width of the door, and is supplied with air by means configured to blow the air flow onto the opening.

  The present invention also provides a modular box intended to be a raised floor and / or suspended ceiling in a relaxation space by joining together a plurality of pressured airflows over the entire area of the floor Flows into the relaxation space through regularly distributed holes, and this air flow is exhausted through regularly distributed holes over the whole area of the ceiling, the box being horizontally aligned with said holes A box that includes a main surface and a side surface having at least one opening that communicates all the boxes, and air is blown from a box that forms a floor into a relaxation space to form a ceiling. It is characterized by being discharged into this space through.

  The modular box preferably includes means suitable for connecting the box to an adjacent box.

  Furthermore, the hole can be composed of at least two parts: a downstream part that discharges into the relaxation space, and an upstream part that is larger in cross section than the downstream part and discharges into the box.

  Finally, the modular box can be intended to be a relaxation space floor and / or ceiling having all the above features.

  One embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the principle of operation of the relaxation space of this invention. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-sectional view of the air supply hole of the relaxation space of this invention. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-sectional view of the air supply hole of the relaxation space of this invention. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-sectional view of the air supply hole of the relaxation space of this invention. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-sectional view of the air supply hole of the relaxation space of this invention. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-sectional view of the air supply hole of the relaxation space of this invention. It is a theoretical diagram of an air supply and a processing means. It is a schematic plan view of the relaxation space of the present invention made in a modular format. It is a schematic front view of the relaxation space of the present invention made in a modular form. It is a general | schematic fragmentary longitudinal cross-section of different embodiment of this invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a box used to supply air to and / or to inhale air from the relaxation space of the present invention. There are various arrangements of boxes. There are various arrangements of boxes. There are various arrangements of boxes. There are various arrangements of boxes. There are various arrangements of boxes. It is sectional drawing of the member for fastening boxes.

  FIG. 1 shows in this case a relaxation space consisting of a smoking room 1 according to the invention, which is composed of a structural envelope in the form of a wall 3, a ceiling 5 and a ground 7. In order to create a smoking room, there is a suspended ceiling 9 at a specific distance below the ceiling 5 so that an upper buffer space 11, which is an air manifold (see below), is formed between the ceiling 5 and the ceiling 5.

  Similarly, there is a support plate 13 or floor on the ground 7 at a predetermined distance to provide a lower buffer space 15 that also forms a manifold with the ground 7.

The suspended ceiling 9 and the floor 13 are perforated with holes 16 distributed uniformly, in particular in a five-eye arrangement. The distribution density of these holes is about 3000 / m ² . Of course, other arrangements or densities of holes may be employed, depending on the airflow flow parameters (see below).

  It will be recalled that known types of blower floors are composed of metal plates with a number of holes throughout their area. Because the length of each of these holes is short, the air flow through the holes is not subject to significant losses, but the air flow through these holes is found to have the effect of generating a high level of flow noise. It was.

  The object of the present invention is to make the floor 13 of solid material such as wood, marble, glass, preferably of high quality (hardwood). Clearly, floors made of such materials must be relatively thick compared to prior art plates in order to be strong enough to perform their essential support function. . For these reasons, under these conditions, the hole results in high losses, especially when the diameter is small. For the original purpose of the relaxation space according to the invention, the hole must have a small diameter, ie in particular a diameter that is smaller than the heel of a so-called stiletto heel type shoe.

  Therefore, the holes used in the present invention must have a small diameter, provide only a low loss, and nevertheless supply a high flow of air without generating noise from the air flow.

  Providing another hole with a larger diameter upstream of the part of the hole to be discharged into the building being processed, this is caused by problems with loss and air flow through a thin member (a member with a thickness of about 5 mm to 6 mm) It was found that the noise related problems were solved at the same time.

  In the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, the floor 13 is made of a solid material, particularly oak, having a thickness e of about 30 mm. Further, the downstream portion 16a of the hole 16 discharged into the smoking room 1 has a diameter d1 of about 2 mm to 5 mm, preferably about 3 mm, and a length e1 of about 4 mm to 7 mm, preferably about 6 mm. Upstream of this portion 16a is another hole portion 16b having a diameter d2 equal to at least twice the diameter d1 of the hole portion 16a. The length of the portion 16b extends over the remainder e2 of the thickness of the floor 13.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the floor 13 can have two overlapping portions, ie, one can have its thickness e2 equal to the thickness of the hole portion 16b, eg, good heat and sound absorption. The base portion 13a, which can be made of a material having characteristics, and the other, the thickness thereof is equal to the upper hole portion 16a, and is made of a “higher quality” material and polished to give the floor 13 a high-grade appearance. It can be formed with a surface layer 13b that can withstand reduction and impact.

  Furthermore, by giving a larger diameter to the upstream portion 16b of the hole 16, accurate relative positioning of the two floor portions 13a and 13b can be facilitated.

  In order to prevent turbulence that generates undesirable noise and improve air flow in the hole 16, a second intermediate diameter d3 is disposed immediately upstream of the downstream hole portion 16a, as shown in FIG. 3 hole portions 16c can be formed to stagger the hole portions of diameter d2.

  As before, and as shown in FIG. 5, each hole portion 16a, 16b, 16c can be made of layers of different materials, each material having specific characteristics. That is, the lower layer serves as a mechanical support, for example, can be made of slab-plate type wood, and the intermediate layer can be made of a material having good heat and sound absorption characteristics, Can be made of a “higher quality” material that gives the floor 13 a premium look, can be worn down and withstand impacts.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the hole portion 16b disposed upstream of the downstream outlet hole 16a may have a tapered shape that has the effect of further reducing the flow disturbance that generates noise.

  For their manufacturing reasons, the holes 16 are usually circular in cross section, but at the same time, for some specific applications, the holes 16 can have other shapes, particularly squares.

  As shown in FIG. 7, a pressurized air supply duct 18 is provided in the lower buffer space 15, and an exhaust duct 20 is provided in the upper buffer space 11.

  Under these conditions, it was clear that the room space was swept away by the upwardly moving air flow, which proved particularly effective in exhausting the smoke generated in the room. The air flow rate is preferably adjusted so that the flow in the smoking room is a laminar flow.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust flow rate Q1 is adjusted to a value larger than the supply air flow rate Q2 so as to slightly reduce the indoor pressure. This makes it possible to prevent the smoke generated inside the room from spreading outside the room, especially when the room is used as a smoking room.

The exhaust flow rate Q1 is set such that the room air can be exchanged 20 to 50 times per hour, preferably about 30 times per hour. Thus, for example, in the case of the room 45 m ^3, the exhaust flow rate Q1 ^is, 900m ³ / ^h~2200m 3 / h, and the preferred is the 1500 m ³ / h approximately. The lower box is supplied with a flow rate Q2 that is approximately 30% less than the exhaust flow rate so that the indoor pressure is slightly lower. Therefore, for example, when the exhaust gas flow rate is 1500 m ³ / h, the flow rate blown into the box is preferably about 1100 m ³ / h.

Under these conditions, the room atmosphere was more comfortable for the people in the room and they found no discomfort from smell, noise, heat, or drout.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of supplying / exhausting and adjusting the air in the room 1. The air supply duct 18 is connected to the outlet 23 of the two-flow ventilation unit 25 via the silencer 22, and the air discharge duct 20 is connected to the inlet 27 of the ventilation unit 25 via the silencer 26. The ventilation unit draws in fresh air through the inlet duct 29.

  A heat pump 31 is optionally placed in the branch 33 at the outlet of the ventilation unit 25 and is used to heat or cool the air fed into the room 1 as required.

  In different embodiments of the invention schematically shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b, the relaxation space is modular and transportable, i.e. all of its elements form a movable independent assembly. Therefore, this assembly is a structure formed by the ground 7 and the perforated floor 13 defining the air supply box 15, the ceiling 5 and the perforated suspended ceiling 9 defining the upper exhaust box 11, and the glass wall 3 '. Consists of. The far end of the room 1 is closed by a partition 35 that defines a rear space that becomes a technical building 37 that houses the air supply / discharge and adjustment means. Advantageously, the front side can be constituted by a glass wall 3 ′ provided with an entrance door 34. Such a room can be permanently or temporarily placed anywhere where power supply means are available.

  Various modules can be combined with each other to form an entire space, and the area of the entire space can be adjusted according to the needs of the user.

  The relaxation space supply and control means 25 of the present invention centrally observes the relaxation space belonging to a plurality of users, and remotely adjusts the relaxation space in a specific manner according to each user's request. A remote control module can be provided to intervene to correct, repair, or repair.

  In other different embodiments of the present invention, particularly when the relaxation space is used as a smoking room, as described above, in the opening that allows access to the outside, such as the door 34 and any useful doorway. In addition, in order to prevent contamination of the surrounding space by smoke from the room, an air curtain intended to prevent the smoke from leaking from the room to the outside atmosphere can be provided.

  With respect to the entrance door 34 of the room, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, when the door 34 is opened, a slot through which an air flow sent upward at a higher speed than the air flow inside the building passes therethrough. By providing 39 on the floor 13 of the building over the entire width of the door 34, this air curtain is obtained.

  For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 9, a box 41 surrounding the slot 39 is produced, which is driven, for example, as soon as the door is opened by the detection of a feeler 45 connected to the door, Air is supplied by the pressurizing means 43 which is stopped when the door is closed. It is also possible to make a minibox with open control means that is always maintained at elevated pressure and is activated as soon as the door is opened or always activated.

  In a beneficial variant of the invention, the floor and / or ceiling of the room can be composed of modular elements arranged side by side and assembled.

  Advantageously, these modules can be formed of boxes whose interior spaces form ceiling and floor air dispersion buffer spaces, respectively. As shown in FIG. 10, each box 50 is composed of a horizontal main surface 52 and a side surface 54 in a square shape in this example. These boxes are assembled side by side as shown in FIG. 11, i.e., the boxes are connected to each other at their sides 54 to cover the entire area and shape of the room or room module where the box is the floor or ceiling. fill in.

  In this way, a square modular box 50 whose arrangement is that of a building can be used. Accordingly, the boxes can be arranged in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 11 or in an L shape or T shape as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. In order to facilitate matching the shape and dimensions of the building with the corresponding dimensions of the box 50, a portion of the box, the box 50a of FIG. Can do.

  Of course, as shown in FIG. 15, a modular box with a different shape, for example a rectangular shape or a triangular shape, could be used, in FIG. 15, the box 50c is an equilateral triangular shape or an equilateral triangular half 50d. It is the shape. Such a configuration, in addition to the aesthetic effect obtained, makes it possible to “fill” the shape and area of the building, in particular the smoking room, where the relaxation space is formed.

  In accordance with the present invention, the side surface 54 of the box 50 is pierced with an opening 56 intended to allow free circulation of air from one or more air inlets within the box. These openings 56 are arranged to face each other when the sides 54 of two adjacent boxes are assembled.

  Advantageously, the modular box 50 is provided with fixing means for fixing and airtight modules. Thus, screws may be used, or, as shown in FIG. 16, for example, a clip 55 disposed in a recessed housing provided for this purpose on the side surface 54 may be used. Such a clip 55 is composed of, for example, two complementary elements arranged in the region of the opposite side surfaces 54 when the modular box 50 is in place. One of the complementary elements of these clips is deformable disposed on the clip element during installation to prevent the clip element from detaching when one clip element is pushed into the complementary clip element. A tongue 61 can be included.

  Obviously, the various modular boxes 50 can be secured together using any other securing element.

  Furthermore, the main surface 52 of the modular box 50 is perforated with holes 16 for introducing the flow from the blower into the building. Of course, these holes will be of the same type as described above in the boxless floor embodiment.

  The major surface 52 is either a walking surface or is otherwise covered by a plate 60 made of a material that is higher quality and / or stronger than the material used to construct the box 50. be able to.

Claims (30)

  A relaxation space of the type including a means (25) for changing air, or a smoking room, which is provided with an air supply means (18) and an exhaust means (20), wherein the replacement means is provided in the space. In a relaxation space composed of holes (16) distributed over the entire floor (13) and the ceiling (9), at least the holes (16) of the floor (13) have at least two parts, namely the relaxation space. A downstream portion (16a) that is open to the bottom, and an upstream portion (16b) that is larger in cross section than the downstream portion and that is open on the other side of the floor (13). Relaxation space.   The relaxation space according to claim 1, wherein an outlet cross-sectional area of the downstream hole portion (16a) is about 1/4 of a cross-sectional area of the upstream hole portion (16b).   3. The relaxation space according to claim 1, wherein the hole has a circular cross section, and the diameter (d1) of the downstream hole (16 a) is 2 mm to 5 mm, preferably about 3 mm. .   The relaxation space according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a diameter (d2) of the upstream hole (16b) is 8 mm to 20 mm, preferably about 15 mm.   The relaxation space according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hole (16) comprises a downstream hole (16a), an upstream hole (16b), and an intermediate hole (16c). .   The relaxation space according to claim 5, wherein the diameter of the upstream hole is about 12 mm, and the diameter of the intermediate hole is about 8 mm.   The relaxation space according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a length (e1) of the downstream hole (16a) is 5 mm to 8 mm, preferably 6 mm.   The relaxation space according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the length (e3) of the upstream hole (16b) is 20 mm to 60 mm, preferably 40 mm.   The relaxation space according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the length (e2) of the intermediate hole (16c) is 5 mm to 15 mm, preferably 10 mm.   The air supply means is acting via the floor (7, 7a) of the building, and the exhaust means is acting via the ceiling (5, 5a) of the building, The relaxation space according to any one of claims 1 to 9.   The suspended floor (7b) and the suspended ceiling (5a) with the holes (16) drilled therein, the holes of the suspended ceiling being distributed in a regular manner throughout the ceiling. The relaxation space according to any one of 10.   12. The relaxation space according to claim 11, characterized in that the holes (16) are arranged in a five-eye arrangement. Wherein the distribution density of the holes (16) is approximately 3000 / ^{m 2,} relaxation space according to any one of claims 1 to 12.   A relaxation space according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that air is blown through the floor (13) and exhausted through the ceiling (9).   15. The upper buffer space (11) connected to the exhaust means (20) is provided between the ceiling (9) and the suspended ceiling (5). The relaxation space described in the paragraph.   16. The lower buffer space (15) connected to the air supply means (18) is provided between the floor (13) and the ground (7). The relaxation space according to item 1.   The air supply and exhaust means of the floor (13) is composed of an integrated two-flow ventilation unit (25) provided with an optional heat recovery device, and air conditioning means. The relaxation space according to any one of 16.   The relaxation space according to claim 1, wherein the air flow is a laminar flow.   The relaxation space according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the air supply means (25) includes temperature and relative humidity control means (31).   20. Relaxation space according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature and relative humidity control means (31) comprise means for their (remote) control, correction and maintenance. .   21. Relaxation space according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a modular system that can be combined with other modules of the same type.   Each module can be a ground (7) and floor (13), a ceiling (5) and a suspended ceiling (9), and glass, and a lateral wall (3) provided with at least one opening (34). 23. A relaxation space according to claim 21, characterized in that it comprises a containing structure and a wall (35) defining a box (37) for receiving all of the air treatment technology means.   Air supply and exhaust are performed via manifolds (15, 11) connected to the blowing means (8) and the exhaust means (20), respectively. The relaxation space according to item 1.   24. The flow rate (Q2) of the exhaust unit is larger than the flow rate (Q1) of the blower unit so that the relaxation space has a slightly lower pressure than the outside air. The relaxation space according to any one of the above.   Means (39, 43) suitable for generating a curtain formed by an air flow faster than the speed of the processing air in the space at the base of the entrance door (34) in front of the entrance door. The relaxation space according to claim 1, wherein the relaxation space is provided.   The means for generating the air curtain comprises a slot (39) extending at least from end to end of the width of the entrance door (34), and means (43) configured to blow the air flow onto the opening. 26. The relaxation space according to claim 25, wherein the relaxation space is supplied with air.   A modular box (50) intended to be a raised floor and / or suspended ceiling of a relaxation space by joining a plurality together, wherein a pressurized air flow is applied over the entire area of the floor In a modular box, which flows into the relaxation space via regularly distributed holes (16), this air flow is exhausted via regularly distributed holes (16) over the entire area of the ceiling, said box (50) includes a horizontal main surface (52) in which the holes (16) are formed, and a side surface (54) in which at least one opening (56) for communicating all the boxes (50) is formed. And the air flows under pressure into the box (50) forming the floor (13) and the box forming the ceiling (9). And characterized in that it is discharged, modular boxes.   28. Modular box according to claim 27, characterized in that it comprises means (55) for coupling to adjacent boxes (50).   The hole (16) is composed of at least two parts: a downstream part (16a) that discharges into the relaxation space, and an upstream part (16b) that is larger in cross section than the downstream part and discharges into the box. 29. The modular box of claim 28, wherein:   Modular box intended to be the floor (13) and / or the ceiling (9) of a relaxation space according to any one of the preceding claims.

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