JP2558552B2 - Ventilation and air conditioning equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a ventilation and air conditioning method for keeping a room having internally generated heat or a room that is insensitive to dust in a comfortable and clean thermal environment in an energy-saving manner.

[Background of the Invention]

The most typical method of the conventional air conditioning system is whether the generated heat in the room is absorbed by the supply air (in the case of cooling),
Supply insufficient heat in the room with supply air (for heating)
That is the content. In this case, complete mixing of indoor air and supply air is a prerequisite. Therefore, in the case of cooling, air having a temperature lower than the room temperature is supplied, and in the case of heating, air having a temperature higher than the room air is supplied. In recent office buildings, there may be heating load even in winter,
In this case, cold air is blown out. This is because the amount of internally generated heat increased due to the introduction of many office automation equipment.
In conventional air conditioning systems, generally, the heat generated inside a room is used as an internal heat load, and the temperature and amount of air supplied are determined on the assumption that this generated heat is absorbed by the supply air, and such settings are made. However, due to the increase and uneven distribution of OA equipment, it has resulted in an increase in internally generated load and its unbalanced distribution, and in some cases existing equipment cannot handle it. In addition, partitioning into small compartments, such as partition systems, is also a factor that obstructs airflow. All of these act in the direction of collapsing the "complete mixing" that is the precondition for calculating the heat load of the air conditioning system, leading to a room temperature distribution that impairs comfort. This also applies to the conventional floor-blowing air conditioning system, and this is the cause of complaints such as cold feet.

In addition, since the heat and dust are diffused and diluted in the room in the complete mixing method, this is incompatible with the requirement for sufficient ventilation, and polluted air mixed with odor, dust, cigarette smoke, etc. It is difficult to efficiently replace it with fresh air.

The present invention is intended to provide a ventilation air conditioning method that fundamentally solves such problems, and is basically based on floor-blowing supply air controlled to a room set temperature. Although there are some examples of the floor-blowing method, it has been pointed out that there is a problem that the feet cool down during cooling in terms of the thermal environment, and the merit in terms of equipment cost has not been recognized. . In addition, it is intended to provide a method for efficiently dehumidifying the supply air set to the indoor set temperature from the outside air.

[Structure of Invention]

According to the present invention, the entire floor of the air-conditioned room is a perforated plate, the underfloor space of the perforated floor is formed in an air supply plenum, the entire ceiling of the room is a perforated plate, and the space above the perforated ceiling is exhausted. By forming the air in the plenum and introducing the air controlled to the indoor set temperature into the air supply plenum, the air is supplied upward from the entire surface of the porous floor at a uniform low wind speed and exhausted through the porous ceiling. A ventilation air conditioning method for discharging indoor air to a plenum, wherein a regenerative dehumidifier and an air cooler are arranged in an air supply path leading from the outside air intake to the air supply plenum, and this air cooler is used as a heat pump device. It is characterized in that the heat of condensation of the heat pump device is used as a regenerative heat source of the dehumidifier.

At that time, the upward air supply to the room from the entire porous floor is 0.
It is performed at a uniform low wind speed of 2 m / sec or less, and although it is related to the ceiling height, the ventilation frequency is 12 times or less to create a comfortable indoor environment where no air flow is felt. A layer of mesh or porous material with uniform air resistance should be provided on the porous bed to obtain such a uniform low velocity upward airflow.

Also, when the outside air temperature is higher than the indoor set temperature, not all of the supply air is supplied by the outside air. The dehumidifier dehumidifies this and the air cooler controls it to the indoor set temperature. When the outside air temperature is lower than the indoor set temperature, part of the exhaust gas can be mixed with the outside air and controlled to the indoor set temperature. As a regenerative dehumidifier, a dry dehumidifier using a gas permeable rotor impregnated with a hygroscopic agent is applied, and a condenser of a heat pump device is arranged in this regeneration path, whereby dehumidification can be efficiently performed.

[Action]

By supplying air at the indoor set temperature upward from the entire surface of the floor uniformly at a low speed to form a piston flow,
Since it is possible to wrap the floor space (living area) where the worker is in with only the supply air at the set temperature, it is possible to constantly prepare the thermal environment. In addition, the heat generated by the human body and OA equipment moves upward as an upward flow, and is discharged together with the exhaust air without being mixed with the air in the living area. Suspended dust and smoke are also prevented from spreading to the residential area. In addition, as much fresh external air as possible is used for the supply of air according to the outdoor temperature,
Good ventilation. The blowing air velocity is low enough that the airflow of 0.2 m / sec or less is not felt, and as a result, a laminar airflow is formed, and the ventilation frequency is related to the ceiling height.
Good ventilation and air conditioning results can be obtained within a range of about 10 times / hour.

The technology of forming a piston flow is used in a laminar flow type clean room or a downflow clean room in a method of forming an airflow from the ceiling to the floor surface. In this case, dust removal and temperature uniformity are performed. Because of this, the ventilation rate has reached about 500 times / hour. The present invention is also applied to such a technique for forming a piston flow, but is for forming a piston flow from the floor part toward the ceiling surface, and the residential area near the floor part is a low-speed air supply with a set temperature. Is formed in a thermal comfort zone and heat dissipation is prevented.

Further, when the supply air at the indoor set temperature is made from fresh outside air, if the outside air temperature is high, cooling it may increase the relative humidity and cause it to be out of the comfortable range. In the present invention, the air is cooled by using the evaporator of the heat pump device. Since the heat of condensation of the heat pump device is used as the regenerative heat source of the regenerative dehumidifier, dehumidification and cooling are performed simultaneously. Can be done well.

When the outside air temperature is lower than the indoor set temperature, part of the exhaust gas heated by the heat generated inside the room can be mixed into the outside air to create air supply. In this case, the temperature rises to the indoor set temperature. Energy for saving.

[Detailed Description of the Invention]

The contents of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a room to be air-conditioned, and the entire floor of this room is formed by a perforated plate 2. As the perforated plate 2, a punching board having sufficient strength and regular distribution of pores, a perforated screen plate made of metal or resin, or the like having excellent decorativeness is used. An air resistance layer 3 made of a mesh or a porous material having a uniform air resistance is stretched below it. The underfloor space of the porous floor configured as described above is used as the air supply plenum 4, and the air supply 5 having the indoor set temperature is fed therein. On the other hand, the perforated plate 6 is stretched over the entire surface of the ceiling part, and the space above the perforated plate 6 above the perforated plate is placed in the exhaust plenum 7.
And The air in the exhaust plenum 7 is guided to the exhaust port 9 via the exhaust air passage 8.

Unlike the conventional air-conditioning system, the supply air 5 fed into the supply air plenum 4 is controlled so as to reach the indoor set temperature, and the supply air at this temperature is produced using almost all the outside air, although it depends on the outside air temperature. . For this reason, the air supply air passage 11 leading from the outside air intake 11 to the air supply plenum 4 is installed, and the filter 12 and the air supply fan 13 are installed in this.
Intervene. Further, an air cooler 14 and an air heater 15 are provided, and the outside air is passed through the air cooler 14 to cool or heat to a required temperature. A regenerative dehumidifier 22 is attached upstream of the air cooler 14. Details of the air cooler 14 and the dehumidifier 22 will be described later. The air heater 15 is conveniently an electric heater, but may be one through which high-temperature water passes. Further, a connecting duct 16 is installed from the exhaust air passage 8 to the air supply air passage 11 so that a part of the exhaust air can be mixed into the outside air by controlling the opening degree of the dampers 17 and 18, and the air cooler 14 and the air heater are also provided. A bypass duct 19 that bypasses 15 is provided to allow ventilation using the outside air as it is depending on the opening control of the dampers 20 and 21.

With such equipment on the air supply side, when the outside air temperature is higher than the indoor set temperature, the damper 17 of the connecting duct 16 is closed and only the outside air is passed through the dehumidifier 22 and the air cooler 15 to dehumidify this outside air. After cooling to the indoor set temperature, the air is supplied to the air supply plenum 4. On the other hand, when the outside air temperature is lower than the indoor set temperature, the required amount of exhaust gas is mixed into the outside air by controlling the opening degree of the connection duct 16, and after the indoor set temperature is reached, the air is sent to the air supply plenum 4 via the bypass duct 19. Alternatively, when it is impossible to raise the temperature to the indoor set temperature only by mixing the exhaust air, the mixed air is heated to that temperature by the air heater 15 and then fed to the air supply plenum 4. In any case, the velocity of the air blown upward from the porous floor into the room is
The wind velocity is 0.2 m / sec or less, preferably 0.1 m / sec or less. This blown-out air flow is slowly blown out into the room as a uniform upward flow from the entire surface of the porous bed while the air supply plenum 4 is maintained at a positive pressure by the air resistance layer 3.

FIG. 2 is an air cooler installed in the air supply passage of FIG.
This is an example of a dehumidifying and cooling facility in which the dehumidifier 22 and the dehumidifier 22 are integrally configured. A gas permeable rotor 23 impregnated with a hygroscopic agent is rotatably arranged across the dehumidification path A and the regeneration path B. Such a dry dehumidifier itself is known as a Munter-type dehumidifier or a total heat exchanger, and when the regeneration air (high temperature air) permeates the regeneration path B, the moisture adsorbed on the hygroscopic agent is absorbed in this regeneration air. The moisture in the air passing through the dehumidifying path A is adsorbed by the hygroscopic agent and continuously dehumidified while being vaporized into the air and continuously regenerating the hygroscopic agent. In the present invention,
Such a regenerative dehumidifier 22 is arranged in the air supply path, and in the dehumidification path A on the downstream side of the rotor 23, the air cooler 14 which is the evaporator of the heat pump device is arranged. And
The condenser 24 of this heat pump device is arranged in the regeneration path B on the upstream side of the rotor 23.

That is, a refrigerant pipe is provided between the air cooler 14 on the dehumidification path A and the condenser 24 on the regeneration path B to form a heat pump. In this refrigerant piping system, 25 is a compressor, 26 is a receiver, 2
7 is an expansion valve, 28 is an accumulator, and a compressor 25
The high-pressure refrigerant compressed by is condensed in the condenser 24 in the regeneration path B and radiates heat, and the heat of condensation heats the outside air introduced into the regeneration path. Is played. The liquid refrigerant that has exited the condenser 24 is once received by the liquid receiver 26, then is throttled by the expansion valve 27 and removed from the dehumidified air by the evaporator (air cooler) 14 in the dehumidification path A to evaporate (dehumidify). After cooling the air), it returns to the compressor 25 via the accumulator 28. As a result, by operating the heat pump device, the dehumidifier 22 is regenerated and the dehumidified air is cooled at the same time. In Fig. 2, 1
Reference numeral 3 is a supply air fan, and 29 is a reproduction air fan, and outside air is used for intake of air into the reproduction path.

The dehumidifier 22 and the air cooler 14 are operated when the outside air temperature is higher than the indoor set temperature. This effectively prevents the relative humidity from increasing even when the outside air is cooled to the indoor set temperature when the outside air temperature is high such as in summer. Instead of such a regenerative dehumidifier, a cooling and dehumidifying method in which air is once cooled to a temperature below the dew point and again raised to the supply air temperature can be adopted. However, in the present invention, the outside air intake amount is normal. The cooling and dehumidifying method requires a large amount of heat source, because it is much larger than in the case of air conditioning. On the other hand, when the waste heat is used as the regenerative heat source of the dehumidifier by the heat pump method, energy saving and equipment saving are achieved.

Next, a case where the ventilation air conditioner according to the present invention is applied to a certain room of an intelligent building will be described in comparison with a conventional air conditioning system. 70kc generated heat in the room where OA equipment is present
It is assumed to be al / Hr / m ² .

First, looking at the case where this room is air-conditioned by the conventional perfect mixing method, the required ventilation frequency (N) is approximately considering the ceiling height (H) and the difference between the air supply temperature and the indoor set temperature (ΔT). It is determined by the following formula.

N = Q / (0.29 × ΔT × H) Q = Internal heat load per unit area → 70Kcal / Hr / m ² Now, if ceiling height = 2.4m and indoor set temperature is 25 ° C, ΔT is used as a parameter , Required ventilation frequency (N) and supply air temperature (T
s), ΔT N Ts (° C) 5 20.1 20 10 10.1 15 15 6.7 10

On the other hand, looking at the case of the method of the present invention, the supply air temperature is around 25 ° C, which is almost equal to the indoor set temperature of 25 ° C.
The physical quantity that serves as an index for determining the required air supply amount, that is, the ventilation frequency, is not the temperature but the outside air introduction amount, the odor concentration, the dust concentration, and the like. In this case, the air temperature (Tu) in the upper part of the room rises due to the heat generated in the room. This temperature rise is calculated as follows using the ventilation frequency as a parameter.
However, it is assumed that the internally generated load and the ceiling height are the same as above, and that complete puston flow is formed and heat diffusion does not occur. Vs is the average blowing velocity.

N ΔT Tu (℃) Vs (m / sec) 5 20.1 45.1 0.0033 10 10.1 35.1 0.0067 15 6.7 31.7 0.01 That is, according to the method of the present invention, it is considered that the ventilation rate is 7 times / hour, which is considered to be the standard ventilation rate of the conventional method. ， The air temperature in the upper part of the room is 39.1 ℃, which is higher than the general summer design outdoor temperature in Japan. The enthalpy difference is also small considering the latent heat load in the room. Therefore, all outside air operation is possible even under summer outside air design conditions. If energy saving is prioritized, the outside air temperature may be controlled after detecting the enthalpy difference and determining whether or not all outside air operation is adopted.

In any case, the intake amount of outside air is the total outside air (without ventilation).
By doing so, the total heat load of the air conditioning system can be reduced. On the other hand, when the outside air temperature becomes lower than the indoor set temperature, the heating load can be reduced by mixing the return air with the outside air.

〔effect〕

Thus, according to the method of the present invention, the following excellent effects are exhibited.

. The thermal environment can be improved. In other words, since the air of a comfortable temperature is supplied to the living area near the floor where people are present at a slight flow velocity (probably most people do not feel the air flow) from the entire floor, the entire living area is uniform. It provides a comfortable and warm environment. This is also related to the internally generated heat moving upward due to the piston flow.

. The heat source load is reduced. That is, the load on the air cooler and the air heater is reduced by directly introducing the outside air.

. The air quality in the room is improved. In the conventional mixing method, even if the all-outside air method is adopted, if there is a pollution source in the room, it is diffuse-diluted in the room and the air quality is deteriorated. However, the diffusion dilution is suppressed in the method of the present invention. For example, indoor air pollution due to smoking or the like can be almost completely prevented.

. The initial cost and running cost of the heat source equipment system are low. Due to the effect of the above item, the heat source equipment capacity is reduced, and since the supply air temperature is the indoor set temperature, there is a difference of about 10 ° C from the supply air temperature of the conventional mixing method (in the case of cooling, It is sufficient to supply air with a temperature as high as 10 ° C). Along with this, the load on the air cooler is reduced, and the heat pump device can operate at low load.

. The heat removed from the outside air by the air cooler is recovered as a regenerative heat source of the regenerative dehumidifier, so that no waste of heat occurs in this respect as well.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the equipment arrangement showing an example of the equipment for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the air supply side heat source equipment for carrying out the present invention. 1 ... Air-conditioned room, 2 ... Floor perforated plate, 3 ... Air resistance layer, 4 ... Air supply plenum, 5 ... Air supply at room temperature, 6 ... Perforated ceiling plate, 7 ... Exhaust plenum , 8 ...... Exhaust air passage, 10 ...... Outside air intake, 11 …… Air supply air passage, 12 …… Filter, 13 …… Air supply fan, 14 …… Air cooler, 15 …… Air heater (heat pump Evaporator), 22 ... Regenerative dehumidifier, 23 ... Moisture absorbent impregnated rotor, 24 ... Heat pump condenser, 25 ... Heat pump compressor, A ... Dehumidification path, B ... Regeneration path.

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. An air-conditioned room has a perforated plate over the entire floor, an underfloor space of the perforated floor is formed in an air supply plenum, and the entire ceiling of the room is a perforated plate and the under-ceiling space of the perforated ceiling is formed. By forming the air in the exhaust plenum and introducing the air supply controlled to the indoor set temperature into the air supply plenum, air is supplied upward from the entire surface of the perforated bed at a uniform low wind speed through the perforated ceiling. A ventilation air-conditioning method in which indoor air is discharged to an exhaust plenum, wherein a regenerative dehumidifier and an air cooler are arranged in an air supply path leading from the outside air intake to the air supply plenum, and this air cooler is used as a heat pump. A floor blowing ventilation air conditioning method characterized by comprising an evaporator of the apparatus and utilizing the heat of condensation of the heat pump apparatus as a regeneration heat source of the dehumidifier. 2. The air supply from the entire surface of the porous floor to the room is 0.2 m / sec.
The ventilation air conditioning method according to claim 1, which is performed at the following uniform low wind speed. 3. The supply air is entirely covered by the outside air when the outside air temperature is higher than the indoor set temperature, and the outside air is dehumidified by the dehumidifier and is controlled to the indoor set temperature by the air cooler. The ventilation air conditioning method according to Item 1 or 2. 4. The ventilation air conditioning method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the regenerative dehumidifier is a dry dehumidifier using a gas permeable rotor impregnated with a hygroscopic agent. 5. The supply air is controlled so that a part of the exhaust gas is mixed with the outside air and the temperature is controlled to the indoor setting temperature when the outside air temperature is lower than the indoor setting temperature. Ventilation and air conditioning method.