NL2025707B1

NL2025707B1 - Ventilation system

Info

Publication number: NL2025707B1
Application number: NL2025707A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Peter Vroege Norbert
Original assignee: Goflow Tech Ip B V
Priority date: 2020-05-29
Filing date: 2020-05-29
Publication date: 2022-01-13

Abstract

A ventilation system for ventilating a room, comprising: a lowered ceiling, defining a ceiling space between the lowered ceiling and a ceiling of the room and having an air permeable ceiling surface area; a raised flooring, supported by a support frame and defining a floor space between the raised 5 flooring and a floor of the room, the raised flooring being air permeable over a floor surface area opposite to the air permeable ceiling surface area; an air supply inlet connected to the floor space; and an air outlet, connected to the ceiling space, wherein the air permeability of the raised flooring varies in dependence on distance from the air supply inlet for forming a substantial vertical air flow in which air entering the room through the floor surface area displaces air in the room in the vertical 10 direction and forces air out through the ceiling surface area. [Figuur 1]

Description

1- Ventilation system Field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a ventilation system for ventilating rooms. The invention further relates to a floor tile, a floor section and a set of a number of floor tiles such for such a ventilation system.

Background art

[0002] EP2017539 describes a known ventilation system for ventilating especially classrooms and similar rooms, comprising a lowered ceiling and means, e.g. a ventilator, for forced air inlet from the outside air into the room above the lowered ceiling, and air outlet openings mainly evenly spaced over the whole surface of the lowered ceiling. The exhaust air may be led via an HR unit to preheat the supply air. Blowing the supply air along the underside of the concrete upperfloor enables cooling that floor at night. By day this cold may be used to cool the supply air. The system uses the whole ceiling surface to supply air to the room instead of blowing air concentratedly via windows or grids in the facade or ceilings. Via a pattern of air outlet openings in the (lowered) ceiling the air is blown into the room. By convection the air blown in will be mixed with the room air and thus the possible temperature difference will be equalized before the air comes into the living zone (height of about < 1.80 m). This system and comparable systems are commonly also used in other rooms such as waiting and treatment rooms at medical facilities, offices and shops.

[0003] When breathing, people and animals exhale small droplets, which form aerosols. Studies have shown that viruses, bacteria and other contamination bind to these aerosols. The lower the refreshing rate of the air inside a room, the higher the buildup of aerosols containing germs and viruses. Although the known ventilation system provides some degree of refreshed air inside the room, the mixing of air inside the room due to the ventilation system and the movement of people and/or animals causes the aerosols being spread throughout the room, allowing diseases spreading between occupants of the same room. As a result, persons with a lowered immune response or compromised immune system are facing an increased risk of becoming ill when using these spaces with other persons. This is especially problematic during, for example, flu season or pandemics such as COVID-18.

[0004] The present invention seeks to provide a ventilation system which reduces the risk of germs and viruses spreading between persons occupying the same room.

[0005] The present invention further seeks to provide a ventilation system which is reasonably cheap and easy to install, even in existing buildings.

Summary of the invention

[0006] Hereto, according to a first aspect of the invention, a ventilation system is provided for ventilating a room, comprising: a lowered ceiling, defining a ceiling space which, when installed, is between the lowered ceiling and a ceiling of the room, the lowered ceiling having a ceiling surface area that is air permeable; a raised flooring, being supported by a support frame, defining a floor space which, when installed, is between the raised flooring and a floor of the room, the raised

-2- flooring being air permeable over a floor surface area that is opposite to the air permeable ceiling surface area; an air supply connected with an air supply inlet to the floor space for supplying air into the floor space; and an air outlet, connected to the ceiling space for exiting air from the ceiling space, wherein the air permeability of the raised flooring varies in dependence on distance from the air supply inlet for forming a substantial vertical air flow in which air entering the room through the floor surface area displaces air in the room in the vertical direction and forces air out through the ceiling surface area.

[0007] Through varying the air permeability of the raised flooring in dependence on distance from the air supply inlet, the air entering the room through the raised flooring has substantially the same flow rate over the whole floor surface area substantially the same volume and flow speed, causing a vertical laminar flow of fresh air entering the room via the floor. The directly opposite permeable ceiling surface area allows the vertical laminar flow of fresh air being maintained substantially vertical and laminar over the entire height of the room between the raised flooring and lowered ceiling, since the air which is already present in the room may be forced out vertically through the lowered ceiling surface area by the incoming air flow. As a result, mixing of air inside the room caused by the ventilation system is prevented, thereby reducing the risk of germs and viruses spreading between persons occupying the same room.

[0008] The air supply may be set to any desired amount of ventilation, a resulting air flow rate through the raised flooring together with the height of the room determining the air refreshing time for the room, i.e. the time in which all air inside the room is replaced by fresh air. The lower the refreshing time, the lower amount of aerosols building up inside the room, further reducing the risk of diseases spreading between persons inside the room. At least in the Netherlands, the maximum allowable air flow speed for ventilation inside rooms is 0.2 m/s, conforming to NEN 1087 2012. Air flow speeds below this maximum allowable speed are generally not noticeable by occupants of the room.

[0009] The term “room” may be any room inside a building, including, but not limited to a classroom, a waiting room, a treatment room, a theatre, an office space or a shop.

[0010] In an embodiment, the raised flooring comprises a plurality of floor tiles with through-holes, wherein the number of through-holes per cm? and/or size of the through-holes is adapted as a function of the distance from the air supply inlet. The use of floor tiles makes the raised flooring easy to install, also in existing rooms. The tiles can be manufactured at constant outer dimensions. This makes them easy to handle. Also, repair/maintenance to the floor and raised flooring is made easier through the use of tiles, as single tiles can be removed for access to the floor space and replaced if damaged. Standard tile sizes may have widths and lengths ranging for example between

0.3mand 1.2m.

[0011] The flooring needs to be adapted for allowing air passing there through at substantially the same volume and speed, since the air pressure in the space between the floor and the raised flooring normally drops exponentially with increasing distance from the air inlet. For example, floor

-3- tiles positioned further away from the air inlet have more through-holes and/or larger through-holes than floor tiles positioned closer to the air inlet. This causes the permeability of the raised flooring to increase with increasing distance from the inlet, such that despite the lower air pressure at increased distance from the air supply inlet the flow rate through the floor surface area is substantially constant over the whole surface area. Thus each floor tile has a predetermined air permeability, which is equal for floor tiles at approximately the same distance from the air inlet, while the permeability of floor tiles further away from the air inlet is higher than the permeability of floor tiles closer thereto. The variation in air permeability of the floor tiles compensates for the pressure drop of the air from the air inlet, such that the vertical laminar flow from the raised flooring is achieved.

[0912] The size of the holes may be fixed for each tile, requiring a range of tiles being used, each tile within the range having a different hole size or amount of holes. The hole size may range, for example, between 1mm and 15mm and the amount of holes may, for example, range between

0.01/cm? and 200/cm?. Tiles from the range of tiles are chosen and laid in a predetermined pattern, depending on the capacity of the air supply, the size of the room and the desired air renewal rate. Alternatively,...

[0013] In an embodiment, each floor tile is provided with a moveable blocking member that is displaceable along a surface area of the tile for at least partly blocking off the through-holes. This allows the same design floor tile being used for the entire raised flooring as the moveable blocking member can be used to adjusts the size of the through-holes in each tile in dependence of the distance of the tile from the air supply inlet. Each floor tile can be adjusted individually tc achieve the desired flow of air there through. When each tiles is provided with a pattern of through-holes of constant size and pitch, the air flow distribution over the floor surface area varies in discrete steps corresponding to the size of the tiles. Considering that the maximum allowable air flow speed inside rooms is 0.2 m/s, the difference in flow speed of the vertical laminar flow through adjacent tiles is insufficient to cause turbulence there between. Thus the discrete steps in the air permeability of the raised flooring do not result in mixing of the air flows within the room and the reduced spreading of aerosols is maintained.

[0014] The actuator may be a manual actuator attached to each individual floor tile for adjusting the through-holes to a predetermined size during placement or for example maintenance.

[0015] Alternatively, in an embodiment, each floor tile further comprises a pressure sensor for sensing an air flow pressure through the floor tile and an electric actuator arranged for displacing the blocking member along the surface area of the tile, and wherein the ventilation system further comprises a controller which is with an input connected to each sensor, for receiving a measured pressure value, and adapted for determining an air pressure distribution over the surface of the flooring surface area, and which controller is with an output connected to each electric actuator, and adapted for operating each electric actuator to displace the blocking member adjusting the size of the through-holes of a respective floor tile in dependence of the received pressure value of the respective floor tile and the calculated pressure distribution. Through the implementation of the

4- electric actuator, sensor and controller, the individual floor tiles are adjusted automatically. Rather than having to calculate the required size of the through-holes of each tile and manually placing and/or adjusting each tile accordingly, the controiler displaces the blocking members of all floor tiles individually until the air flow through each floor tile is substantially equal over the entire floor surface area. Thus no extensive analysis of the room is required prior to installation of the floor. Rather, the floor automatically adjusts itself during use. Especially for larger rooms (for example more than 10 tiles) this is a cheaper solution, as the electronic system outweighs the costs of analysis and manual fine-tuning of each floor tile during installation. Furthermore, the floor is adjustable to account, for example, for a change in the desired renewal rate, without requiring physical interference with the raised floor.

[0016] The electric actuator may for example be a rack and pinion drive, driven by a stepper motor. Advantageously, the stepper motor provides a series of predefined settings, such that the positions of the lower plate with respect to the upper plate are easily and reliably obtained and maintained.

[0017] In an embodiment, each floor tile is provided with upper through-openings of a first diameter in a predefined pattern and wherein the blocking member is provided with lower through-openings in a predefined pattern matching the predefined pattern of the upper through-openings, each lower through-opening having a second diameter which is larger than the first diameter or being slot- shaped, having a length which is larger than the first diameter and a width at least equal to the first diameter, the upper and lower through-openings forming the through-holes of the floor tile. The size of the individual through-openings can be larger than the size of their combined through-hole. Advantageously, this prevents the through-openings from collecting dirt and dust as much as preformed through-holes of the same (small) size may.

[0018] Alternatively to using actuators to obtain an automatically adjusting flooring, in an embodiment each of the through-holes in each floor tile is provided with a logarithmic valve for automatically adjusting a size of the through-opening in dependence on air pressure. The logarithmic valves have a closing member which opens under a pressure force of the air flow, having an opening resistance rate which substantially logarithmically increases at increasing opening. As a result, and provided a valve pitch over the floor surface area is sufficiently high, under a constant air supply through the inlet, after the initial opening of the valves closest to the air supply inlet, the valve is first maintained at an initial opening size, allowing pressure in the floor space further away from the air supply inlet building up such that valves further away from the air supply inlet also open to the initial opening size. When the incoming air supply through the inlet is increased, the valves closest to the air supply will open further, until air pressure and opening resistance are equal and opposite, which due to the logarithmic increase in resistance results in a limited increase in size of the through-hole and allows the air pressure in the floor space to level such that other valves in the raised flooring with the same valve characteristics open to the same size of through-hole. The required valve pitch is determined based on the available floor space and valve properties such as the valve member opening resistance.

-5-

[0019] In an embodiment, the raised flooring comprises a sound proofing material, which in the floor surface area: - forms a resistance against air flow through the floor surface area and varies in thickness and/or density as a function of the distance from the air inlet; and/or - is provided with through-holes, wherein the number of through-holes per cm*2 and/or size of the through-holes is adapted as a function of the distance from the air supply inlet. The raised flooring is provided with sound proofing materials to prevent sounds from carrying through the room. The variation in air permeability of the raised flooring may be achieved by using air permeable materials, adapted and/or applied with a specific varying density and/or thickness to provide the required air permeability variation along the floor surface area. This air permeability may be the sound proofing material. For example, foam-like and fabric-like materials such as carpets or felt may both be sound proofing and air permeable. Alternatively, the soundproofing material may have negligible air permeability, such as for example wood, or be provided as a sound- proofing layer to a load carrying surface of the raised flooring, in which case the predetermined specific air permeability is achieved by providing a predetermined amount of through-holes per cm?. In the latter case, where the sound proofing material is provided as a sound-proofing layer to the load carrying surface, the though-holes are extending through both the load carrying surface and the sound-proofing layer, wherein a size of the through-hole section in the sound-proofing layer preferably has a larger diameter than the through-hole section in the load carrying surface.

[0020] In an embodiment the floor surface area of the raised flooring comprises a protective zone, the protective zone having an increased permeability with respect to the surrounding floor surface area. The increased permeability causes a localised higher laminar vertical flow rate, further reducing transverse transfer of aerosols within the room, due to for example movement of persons past the protective zone, into the volume of air above the protective zone. A protective zone may therefore be provided at a location in the floor surface area where additional protection from transfer of viruses and germs is desirable. Such additional protection may for example be desirable around the work-area of a teacher or child with compromised immunity in a class-room, or a medical assistant’s desk in the waiting area of a medical facility.

[0021] In an embodiment, a section of the ceiling surface area has a permeability that is equal or higher than a section of the floor surface area that is opposite. As a result, the vertical laminar flow is maintained along the full height of the room between the raised flooring and lowered ceiling. Similarly to the raised flooring, the lowered ceiling may be made of air permeable material, such as fabric. However, since fabric may relatively easy contaminate due to the passing aerosols, preferably use is made of plate materials comprising air outlet openings extending through the ceiling surface, wherein the number of air outlet openings per cm? and/or size of outlet openings in each section of the ceiling surface area is equal or larger than the number of through-holes per cm? and/or size of through-holes in a section of floor surface area that is opposite.

[0022] The air supply and air outlet of the ventilation system may be similar to air supplies and air outlets of well-known ventilation systems, or the ventilation system according to the invention may

-6- even be using existing air supplies and air outlets, when retrofitted to an existing room. The air supply usually comprises a filter, such as for example a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter for filtering the outside air prior to supplying the air to the floor space. The air outlet usually comprises a filter at least removing particulates such as dust from the exiting air. The filters prevent any particles and pollutants from damaging the air pumps in the ventilation system and ensure the air going into the system is safe and healthy to breathe in. Additionally the air outlet, and possibly air supply, may be provided with a plasma filter for removing any germs and viruses. Further, the air outlet, and optionally also the air supply, may be in thermal connection with a heat exchange unit, for exchanging thermal energy with the outgoing the incoming air.

[0023] According to a second aspect of the invention, a floor tile is provided for use in a ventilation system as described above, having a predetermined permeability and sound proofing.

[0024] In an embodiment, the floor tile comprises a plurality of through-holes, each through hole being provided with a logarithmic valve for automatically adjusting a size of the through-opening in dependence on air pressure on either side of the floor tile.

[0025] In another embodiment, the floor tile comprises a plurality of through-holes and a moveable blocking member that is displaceable along a surface area of the floor tile for at least partly blocking off the through-holes

[0026] According to a third aspect of the invention, a floor section for use in a ventilation system as described above is provided, comprising a floor tile and a height adjustable support.

[0027] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a set of a number of floor tiles for use in a ventilation system as described above is provided, wherein each of the floor tiles comprises an identification which is related to a position of the floor tile within the raised flooring of the ventilation system, and wherein each floor tile has a predetermined permeability dependent on the position of the floor tile with respect to the position of the air supply inlet.

[0028] According to a fifth aspect of the invention, a set of a number of floor tiles for use in a ventilation system as described above is provided, wherein each of the floor tiles comprises an identification which is related to a position of the floor tile with respect to a position of the air supply inlet of the ventilation system, and wherein each floor tile comprises a sensor and an electrical actuator, which are connectable to a controller via a connection, which connection is recognisable and operable according to the identification.

[0029] According to a sixth aspect of the invention, a method for installing a ventilation system as described above in a room is provided, comprising - providing a vertical air duct along one wall, connected to an air supply channel in the ceiling of the room and extending to the floor for forming an air inlet, - providing a lowered ceiling at a predetermined distance from the ceiling of the room, and

-7- - providing a raised flooring composed of a support frame and floor tiles, wherein each floor tile is coded to fit in a predetermined position in the raised flooring and is provided with a predetermined air permeability that is related to the distance of the floor element from the air inlet. This method may be used, for example, to install (retrofit) a ventilation system according to the present invention in a room with an existing in- and outlet- of an air-conditioning system. The vertical air duct serves as an adapter for connecting the raised flooring to the air inlet, which in existing buildings is commonly located in the ceiling. Obviously, the ventilation system according to the invention can also be installed in rooms with air inlets and/or outlets of the room located in other positions than the ceiling. In these rooms, the vertical air duct may be oriented with a longitudinal axis at a non-perpendicular angle to the floor surface of the room. Brief description of the drawings

[0030] Embodiments of ... according to the present invention will be described by way of example, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

[0031] Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a classroom provided with a ventilation system according tothe invention;

[0032] Fig. 2A shows a top view of the raised flooring of the ventilation system in Fig. 1;

[0033] Fig. 2B shows a detailed view of section IIB of the raised flooring in Fig. 2A;

[0034] Fig. 3 shows a top view of an embodiment of the lowered ceiling of the ventilation system in Fig. 1;

[0035] Figs. 4A and 4B show a respective top and bottom perspective view of a floor section for a raised flooring of a ventilation system according to the invention; and

[0036] Figs 5A, 5B and 5C show a logarithmic valve for use in a raised flooring of a ventilation system according to the invention under three different air pressure conditions. Description of embodiments

[0037] Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a classroom provided with a ventilation system 100 according to the invention, having a wall 9 extending between the floor and the ceiling of the room. The ventilation system in the room 100 is shown to have a raised flooring 10, a lowered ceiling 1 and an air supply inlet 3. The raised flooring 100 and lowered ceiling 1 are both air permeable over surface areas which are located opposite one another, covering a substantial surface area of the respective floor and ceiling of the room and being substantially parallel thereto. Due to the raised flooring and lowered ceiling, the room is vertically divided into three volumes: a floor space, between the floor of the room and the raised flooring 10, a user space for use ofthe room, extending between the raised flooring 10 and the lowered ceiling 1, and a ceiling space, between the lowered ceiling 1 and the ceiling of the room. The air supply inlet 3 is connected to the floor space for supplying fresh air from the buildings air-conditioning system. The air permeability of the raised flooring 10 varies in dependence on distance from the air supply inlet 3 for forming a substantial vertical air flow entering the user space of the room through the raised flooring 10 having a substantially even flow rate over the permeable floor surface area. This causes the incoming fresh air to displace the air

-8- already present in the user space of the room vertically, forcing it towards the lowered ceiling 1 and through the lowered ceiling surface area for exiting the room.

Through varying the air permeability of the raised flooring 10 in dependence on distance from the air supply inlet 3, the air entering the room through the raised flooring has substantially the same flow rate over the whole floor surface area substantially the same volume and flow speed, causing a vertical laminar flow of fresh air entering the room via the floor. The directly opposite permeable ceiling surface area allows the vertical laminar flow of fresh air being maintained substantially vertical and laminar over the entire height of the room between the raised flooring 10 and lowered ceiling 1, preventing the mixing of air due to ventilation and minimizing transverse movement of aerosols inside the room, for example due to persons moving through the user space.

[0038] In the classroom, on the raised flooring 10, desks for pupils 91 and a teachers desk 90 are placed. In order to further prevent the chances of transverse spreading of aerosols between, for example, pupils and teacher, or to a specific pupil, the permeability of the raised flooring immediately under and around their desks 90, 91 may be increased with respect to the surrounding raised flooring, providing a protective zone. In this protective zone, the vertical laminar air flow is increased with respect to the vertical laminar air flow in the rest of the user space of the room, effectively creating a curtain-effect preventing substantially all air transfer from the rest of the user space of the room into the protective zone.

[0039] Although the example in Fig. 1 shows a classroom, the same ventilation system may be used in any room and protective zones can be set up where and as desired.

[0040] Fig. 2A shows a top view of the raised flooring 10 of the ventilation system in Fig. 1, with Fig. 2B showing s a detailed view of section IIB thereof. The raised flooring 10 has an air permeable surface area consisting of floor tiles 11. The number of through-holes per cm? in each tile 11 is increased with increasing distance d1, d2 from the air supply inlet 3. In order to install the raised flooring 10, a lay-pattern of floor tiles 11 having varying amounts of through-holes per cm? needs to be determined, based on the dimensions of the room and the required air refreshing rate thereof. To facilitate easy installation of the raised flooring 10, a set of floor tiles 11 may be provided wherein each of the floor tiles 11 is provided with an ID related to a row number with respect to the air inlet and a position within that row from one side of the raised flooring 10.

[0041] Providing floor tiles 11 with through-holes is a relatively easy manner of obtaining tiles with a predetermined and constant air permeability. Additionally or alternatively, the size of the through- holes may adapted as a function of the distance from the air supply inlet 3. The size of the through- holes may be made adjustable such that a single tile design can be used for the entire raised flooring, removing the requirement of designing a predetermined lay-pattern for each specific room.

Such tiles are described in more detail in relation to Figs. 4A 4B and 5.

[0042] Fig. 3 shows a top view of the lowered ceiling 1 of the ventilation system 100 in Fig. 1. Similar to the raised flooring 10, the lowered ceiling 1 has an air permeable surface area consisting of tiles 5. To facilitate the vertical laminar air flow through the user space of the room remaining vertical over the entire height thereof, each section of the ceiling surface area has a permeability

-9- that is equal or higher than a section of the floor surface area that is opposite therefrom. Hereto, the depicted ceiling 1 has tiles 5, wherein the number of through-holes per cm? in each tile 5 is increased with increasing distance d1, d2 from the air supply inlet 3. Further, the top view of the ceiling 1 shows an air outlet 2, connecting the ceiling space to the outlet of the air-conditioning system for removing the exiting air from the room.

[0043] Figs. 4A and 4B show a respective top and bottom perspective view of embodiments of a floor section for a raised flooring of a ventilation system according to the invention, the top perspective view of Fig 4A being similar to the floor tiles with fixed hole size and pitch shown in Figs. 2A and 2B.

[0044] The floor section in Fig. 4A shows a floor tile 11 with four adjustable supports 12, for forming a supporting frame which supports the raised flooring at a predetermined distance from the floor of a room. The floor tile 11 has a predetermined width W and length L and is provided with a number of through-holes 19 having a hole size ®1, which are spaced apart at a fixed width-wise and length- wise pitch dw, dl. At a lower side, the floor tile 11 is provided with a layer of sound proofing material 16, which layer extends over most of the lower side of the floor tile 11. In order not to impact the predetermined air permeability of the floor tile, as provided by the pattern of through-holes, the layer of sound proofing material is provided with a matching pattern of through-holes, having a larger hole size.

[0045] The floor section in Fig. 4B shows a similar floor tile 11’ as the floor tile 11 in Fig. 4A, now from the bottom. Additionally or alternatively to the layer of soundproofing, the floor tile 11° is provided with a moveable blocking member 16’ that is held in guide rails 13’ to the lower side of the tile 11" and provided with an electrical actuator in the form of a rack and pinion 22, 21 for displacing the blocking member 16 in the guide rails, along the bottom surface of the tile 11°. The floor tile 11° further comprises a pressure sensor 18’, located in a through-hole, for sensing an air flow pressure through the floor tile. The blocking member 18’ is provided with through-holes 19’ in a pattern matching the pattern of through-holes of the tile 11°, i.e. thus the length-wise and width-wise pitch dl’, dw’ of the through-holes in the blocking member 16’ is equal to those of the tile. The size ®2 of the through-holes 19’ is larger than the size ©: of the through-holes in the tile 11°. By moving the blocking member 16’, the effective through-hole size of the tile 11" is adjustable. This adjustability is automated by connecting the electric actuator 21, 22 and the sensor 18’ to a controller (not shown). By connecting all floor tiles 11’ of the raised flooring to the controller, the controller the through-hole size of each floor tile 11’ until the measured flow pressure of each tile is substantially the same.

[0046] Alternatively to an electrically controlled system, the variability of the air permeability of the raised flooring 10 in dependence on distance from the air supply inlet 3 can be automated by fitting each of the through-holes in the tiles with logarithmic valves. Figs 5A, 5B and 5C show such a logarithmic valve under three different air pressure conditions. The logarithmic valve comprises a tubular outer body 39 and a flexible inner tube 38, which has a dome-shaped cross-section and is with an upper and a lower side fixed to both ends of the tubular outer body 39, forming the closing 40 member of the valve 19’. As shown in Fig. 5a, when the air pressure on both ends of the valve is

-10- equal, the flexible inner tube 38 closes off the valve, such that no though-opening exists and the flow rate O through the valve is zero.

[0047] The dome-shaped fiexible inner tube 38 has an opening resistance rate which substantially logarithmically increases at increasing opening. Thus when an air flow of increasing pressure is applied to one side of the valve, the inner tube 38 generates an initial opening O1 matching a first pressure level F: which is lower than the increasing pressure. When the valve is placed between two separate spaces, this causes the pressure inside the space on the inlet side of the valve to rise.

Between two connected spaces with a plurality of through-holes and one air inlet, this reduces the effect of pressure drop due to the presence of the opening of the valve and depending on the amount of valves, their pitch and valve properties, all valves may be opened to the same opening size before a further increase in incoming air pressure opens the valves closest to the air supply inlet further. Thus with a sufficient amount of valves provided in the raised flooring, this effect ensures a more homogeneous pressure distribution in the fioor space, such that all valves over the floor surface area open to substantially the same size and produce a vertical laminar flow of substantial equal flow rate in the user space.

[0048] A protective zone may be provided by an increased amount of the same logarithmic valves and/or using valves with a lower opening resistance in a predetermined area of the raised flooring, increasing the amount of air outputted into the protective zone with respect to the surrounding fioor surface area.

[0049] The present invention has been described above with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments as shown in the drawings. Modifications and alternative implementations of some parts or elements are possible, and are included in the scope of protection as defined in the added claims.

Claims

Conclusions

A ventilation system for ventilating a room, comprising: a drop ceiling defining a ceiling space which, when installed, is located between the drop ceiling and a ceiling of the room, the drop ceiling having a ceiling surface that is air permeable; a raised floor supported by a support frame and defining a floor space which, when installed, is located between the raised floor and a floor of the room, the raised floor being air permeable over a floor surface opposite the air permeable ceiling surface; an air supply connected to an air supply inlet to the floor space for supplying air into the floor space; and an air outlet connected to the ceiling space for exhausting air from the ceiling space, wherein the air permeability of the raised floor varies depending on the distance from the air supply inlet to form a substantially vertical airflow wherein air entering the space through the floor surface, displaces the air in the room in the vertical direction and forces the air out through the ceiling surface.

The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the raised floor comprises a plurality of floor tiles having through holes, the number of through holes per cm? and/or the size of the through holes is adjusted as a function of the distance from the air supply inlet.

Ventilation system according to claim 2, wherein each floor tile is provided with a movable blocking element which is displaceable along a surface of the tile for the purpose of at least partially blocking the through holes.

The ventilation system of claim 3, wherein each floor tile further comprises a pressure sensor for detecting an airflow pressure through the floor tile and an electric actuator adapted to move the blocking element along the surface of the tile and wherein the ventilation system further comprises a controller which having an input connected to each sensor, for receiving a measured pressure value, and arranged to determine an air pressure distribution over the surface of the floor surface, and the controller having an output connected to each electric actuator and arranged to control each electric actuator to move the blocking element to adjust the size of the through holes of a respective floor tile depending on the received pressure value of the respective floor tile and the calculated pressure distribution.

The ventilation system of claim 3 or 4, wherein each floor tile has upper through-openings of a first diameter in a predefined pattern and wherein the blocking element has lower through-holes in a predefined pattern matching the predefined pattern of the upper through-openings, each lower through-opening having a second diameter greater than the first diameter or being slit-shaped, having a length greater than the first diameter and a width at least equal to the first diameter, wherein the top and bottom through holes form the through holes of the floor tile.

The ventilation system of claim 2, wherein each of the through-holes in each floor tile is provided with a logarithmic valve for automatically adjusting a size of the through-hole depending on the air pressure.

Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the raised floor comprises a sound-damping material which forms in the surface of the floor a resistance to airflow through the floor surface and varies in thickness and/or density as a function of the distance from the air intake; and/or - is provided with through holes, where the number of through holes per cm? and/or the size of the through holes is set as a function of the distance from the air supply inlet.

Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floor surface of the raised floor comprises a protective zone, wherein the protective zone has an increased permeability with respect to the surrounding floor surface.

A ventilation system according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein a portion of the ceiling surface has a permeability equal to or greater than a portion of the opposite floor surface.

A floor tile for use in a ventilation system according to any one of the preceding claims, having a predetermined permeability and soundproofing.

The floor tile of claim 10, comprising a plurality of through-holes, each through-hole having a logarithmic valve for automatically adjusting a size of the through-hole depending on the air pressure on either side of the floor tile.

The floor tile of claim 10, comprising a plurality of through-holes and a movable blocking element displaceable along a surface of the floor tile for at least partially blocking the through-holes.

A floor portion for use in a ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a floor tile according to claim 10 and a height-adjustable support.

A set of a plurality of floor tiles for use in a ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein each of the floor tiles comprises an identifier related to a position of the floor tile in the raised floor of the ventilation system and wherein each floor tile has a predetermined permeability depending on the position of the floor tile relative to the position of the air supply inlet.

A set of a plurality of floor tiles for use in a ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein each of the floor tiles comprises an identifier related to a position of the floor tile relative to a position of the air supply inlet of the ventilation system and wherein each floor tile comprises a sensor and an electric actuator connectable to a controller via a connection, the connection being recognizable and operable according to the identification.

A method of installing a ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising - providing a vertical air duct along one wall, connected to an air supply duct in the ceiling of the room and extending to the floor for molding of an air inlet, - providing a suspended ceiling at a predetermined distance from the ceiling of the room and - providing a raised floor consisting of a support frame and floor tiles, each floor tile being coded to fit in a predetermined position in the raised floor and is provided with a predetermined air permeability that is related to the distance of the floor element from the air inlet.