JP2012518081A - 固有膜を備える高差圧電気化学セル - Google Patents
固有膜を備える高差圧電気化学セル Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012518081A JP2012518081A JP2011549590A JP2011549590A JP2012518081A JP 2012518081 A JP2012518081 A JP 2012518081A JP 2011549590 A JP2011549590 A JP 2011549590A JP 2011549590 A JP2011549590 A JP 2011549590A JP 2012518081 A JP2012518081 A JP 2012518081A
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- membrane
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- hydrogen
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/02—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by shape or form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
2 円柱本体
3、4 半球端部セクション
5 開口
6 コネクタブロック(接続ブロック)
10 膜チューブ
11 低圧チャンバ
12 管状壁
13 アパーチャ
14 マクロ多孔質支持体層
15 焼結微小多孔質支持体層
16 カソード層
17 電解質膜
18 アノード層
19 銅グリッド
20、21 外側端部
22 端部壁
23 開口
24 入口開口
25 電気接点
100 高圧ベッセル
101 出口
102 積重体
103 イオン減圧セル
104 カバー板
105 低圧チャンバ
111 周縁
112 高圧ベッセル内部
113 内側開口
115 ベース層
116 アルミニウム多孔質層
117 シーリングセグメント
118 膜電極接合体
119 プロトン伝導性膜
120 アノード表面
121 カソード表面
122 シーリングストリップ
123 銅合金多孔質層
124 高圧ガスケット
125 カラー
170 管状イオン減圧セル
172 アパーチャ(穿孔)
171 チャネル壁
173 低圧チャンバ
175 マクロ多孔質層
176 微小多孔質層
177 カソード層
178 非多孔質のプロトン伝導性で電気絶縁性の膜
179 多孔質アノード層(図11)
179 カソード層(図12)
180 集電板グリッド
181 冷却材チャネル
182 管状チャネル壁
184 減圧器セル
185 集電層
186 熱交換チャネル
200 管状プロファイル
201 外側円柱
202 穴またはアパーチャ
203、205 スペーサ
204 内側管状チャネル壁
206、215 チューブ
207 戻りチャネル
208 内側同軸チャネル
209、211 チャネル部分
210 外側同軸チャネル
216 供給チャネル
301 イオン性水素ガス圧縮器
302 ポリマー電解質膜
303 アノード触媒層
304 カソード触媒層
305、306 微小多孔質支持体層
307 低圧チャンバ
308 高圧チャンバ
302A、302C 導電性でイオン伝導性の層
302B 電気絶縁性でイオン伝導性の層
302A1、302A2、302C1、302C2 導電性サブ層
Claims (18)
- 高圧チャンバおよび低圧チャンバを包囲する高差圧電気化学セルにおいて、前記チャンバは膜によって分離され、前記膜はイオン伝導性、特にプロトン伝導性でかつ電気絶縁性であり、前記膜は、前記高圧チャンバ内に第1の表面および前記低圧チャンバ内に第2の表面を有し、前記第1の表面は第1の電極を備え、前記第2の表面は第2の電極を備え、前記第1および第2の電極は、電気回路を介して互いに導電的に接続される高差圧電気化学セルであって、前記膜は少なくとも2つのイオン伝導性層を備え、前記イオン伝導性層の少なくとも1つは電気絶縁性であり、前記イオン伝導性層の少なくとも1つは導電性である高差圧電気化学セル。
- 前記膜は、第1の導電性でイオン伝導性の層(2A)と第2の導電性でイオン伝導性の層(2C)との間に挿入される電気絶縁性でイオン伝導性の層(2B)を備える請求項1に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 前記膜内で、少なくとも1つのイオン伝導性で導電性の層(2A、2C)は、イオン伝導性マトリクスおよび導電性充填材を含む請求項1または2に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 前記導電性充填材は、前記イオン伝導性マトリクス内に粒子の導電性ネットワークを含む請求項3に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 前記導電性充填材は、触媒物質を付着することが可能である、かつ/または、触媒物質が付着している請求項3または4に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 前記膜内で、少なくとも1つの導電性層は、少なくとも2つの層で構成され、前記電極に近い層は、前記電気絶縁性層に近い層に比べて、低い濃度の触媒活性材料を有する請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 前記膜内で、前記電気絶縁性層は、非導電性固体充填材料を含む請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 前記膜内で、前記電気絶縁性層は、たとえば規則的または不規則的な波状または鋸状パターンの形態でプロファイルを持つあるいは任意の他の非平坦プロファイルである請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 前記膜内で、少なくとも1つの導電性層は、少なくとも2つの層で構成され、前記電極に近い層は、前記電気絶縁性層に近い層に比べて、高い濃度の触媒活性材料を有する請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 電気化学セルの使用時の前記高圧チャンバと前記低圧チャンバとの間の圧力差は、少なくとも1MPaである請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- イオンガス圧縮器またはイオンガス減圧器であり、電気化学セルの使用時に、高差圧電気化学セルがイオンガス圧縮器である場合、前記高圧チャンバは水素ガスを含み、前記低圧チャンバは水素含有ガスを含み、高差圧電気化学セルがイオンガス減圧器である場合、前記高圧チャンバは水素含有ガスを含み、前記低圧チャンバは水素を含む請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 電解槽であり、電気化学セルの使用時に、前記高圧チャンバは水素を含み、前記低圧チャンバは水を含む請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 高差圧電気化学セルで使用するのに適し、イオン伝導性、特にプロトン伝導性でかつ電気絶縁性である膜であって、少なくとも2つのイオン伝導性層を備え、前記イオン伝導性層の少なくとも1つは電気絶縁性であり、前記イオン伝導性層の少なくとも1つは導電性である膜。
- 高差圧電気化学セルにおける請求項13に記載の膜の使用。
- 前記高差圧電気化学セルは、イオンガス圧縮器、イオンガス減圧器、または電解槽であり、前記膜にわたる圧力差は少なくとも1MPaである請求項14に記載の使用。
- 水素を圧縮するプロセスであって、水素含有ガスが、請求項11に記載のイオンガス圧縮器の低圧チャンバに給送され、電流が、前記イオンガス圧縮器の電気回路に提供され、それにより、水素が、前記膜を通して前記イオンガス圧縮器の高圧チャンバ内に搬送されるプロセス。
- 水素を減圧するプロセスであって、水素含有ガスが、請求項11に記載のイオンガス減圧器の高圧チャンバに給送され、電流が、前記イオンガス減圧器の電気回路から引き出され、それにより、水素が、減圧されて前記イオンガス減圧器の低圧チャンバに入り、電流が生成されるプロセス。
- 水を水素と酸素に変換するプロセスであって、水が、請求項12に記載の電解槽の水チャンバに給送され、電流が、前記電解槽の電気回路に提供され、酸素は前記水チャンバから取出され、水素は前記電解槽の水素チャンバから取出されるプロセス。
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EP09152913.1 | 2009-02-16 | ||
EP09152913A EP2224519A1 (en) | 2009-02-16 | 2009-02-16 | Hydrogen storage vessel and fuel cell apparatus comprising an ionic decompression cell |
PCT/EP2010/051864 WO2010092175A1 (en) | 2009-02-16 | 2010-02-15 | High differential pressure electrochemical cell comprising a specific membrane |
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JP2017002345A (ja) * | 2015-06-08 | 2017-01-05 | 株式会社フォーエス | 水の電気分解装置 |
JP2017078204A (ja) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-27 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 高温水蒸気電解セル及び高温水蒸気電解システム |
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WO2014140962A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Solar power supply system |
DE102016001472A1 (de) | 2016-02-09 | 2016-10-27 | Daimler Ag | Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von elektrischer Energie |
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