JP2012230357A - トナー組成物およびプロセス - Google Patents
トナー組成物およびプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012230357A JP2012230357A JP2012072045A JP2012072045A JP2012230357A JP 2012230357 A JP2012230357 A JP 2012230357A JP 2012072045 A JP2012072045 A JP 2012072045A JP 2012072045 A JP2012072045 A JP 2012072045A JP 2012230357 A JP2012230357 A JP 2012230357A
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- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】カンファー酸を生物由来の樹脂の約1重量%〜約60重量%の量で含む、少なくとも1種類の生物由来のアモルファスポリエステル樹脂と;場合により、少なくとも1種類の結晶性ポリエステル樹脂と;場合により、着色剤、ワックス、凝固剤、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される1つ以上の成分とを含む、トナー。
【選択図】なし
Description
本開示で利用される樹脂としては、生物由来のアモルファス樹脂が挙げられる。本明細書で使用される場合、生物由来の樹脂は、石油化学物質の代わりに、植物由来の原料のような生体源(いくつかの実施形態では、植物油)から誘導される樹脂または樹脂配合物である。環境への影響が少ない再生可能なポリマーの場合、このポリマーの主な利点は、限りある石油化学資源への依存を減らすことであり、これらのポリマーが、大気から炭素を捕捉することである。生物由来の樹脂としては、いくつかの実施形態では、例えば、樹脂の少なくとも一部分が天然の生体材料(例えば、動物、植物、これらの組み合わせなど)から誘導された樹脂が挙げられる。
上の生物由来の樹脂は、単独で用いてもよく、トナーを作成するのに適した任意の他の樹脂とともに用いてもよい。
トナー組成物を作成するために上述の樹脂を利用してもよい。1種類、2種類、またはそれ以上の樹脂を用いてもよい。2個以上の樹脂を用いる実施形態では、樹脂は、任意の適切な比率(例えば、重量比)、例えば、約1%(第1の樹脂)/99%(第2の樹脂)〜約99%(第1の樹脂)/1%(第2の樹脂)、いくつかの実施形態では、約4%(第1の樹脂)/96%(第2の樹脂)〜約96%(第1の樹脂)/4%(第2の樹脂)であってもよい。樹脂が、結晶性樹脂と、生物由来のアモルファス樹脂とを含む場合、樹脂の重量比は、1%(結晶性樹脂):99%(生物由来のアモルファス樹脂)〜約10%(結晶性樹脂):90%(生物由来のアモルファス樹脂)であってもよい。
いくつかの実施形態では、トナー組成物を作成するために利用される着色剤、ワックス、他の添加剤は、界面活性剤を含む分散物の状態であってもよい。さらに、トナー粒子は、樹脂およびトナーの他の要素を、1つ以上の界面活性剤に入れ、エマルションを生成させ、トナー粒子が凝集し、融着し、場合により、これを洗浄し、乾燥させ、回収するような乳化凝集方法によって作られてもよい。
加えられる着色剤としては、種々の既知の適切な着色剤(例えば、染料、顔料、染料混合物、顔料混合物、染料と顔料の混合物など)が、トナーに含まれてもよい。着色剤は、例えば、トナーの約0.1〜約35重量%、約1〜約15重量%、または約3〜約10重量%の量で含まれていてもよいが、着色剤の量は、これらの範囲からはずれていてもよい。
場合により、トナー粒子を作成する際に、ワックスを、樹脂および着色剤と組み合わせてもよい。ワックスは、ワックス分散物の状態で与えられてもよく、1種類のワックスを含んでいてもよく、2種類以上の異なるワックスの混合物を含んでいてもよい。例えば、特定のトナーの性質(例えば、トナー粒子の形状、トナー粒子表面のワックスの有無およびワックスの量、帯電特性および/または融合特性、光沢、剥離、オフセット性など)を高めるために、トナー配合物に1種類のワックスを加えてもよい。または、トナー組成物に複数の性質を与えるために、ワックスの組み合わせを加えてもよい。
トナー粒子は、当業者の技術常識の範囲内にある任意の方法によって調製されてもよい。トナー粒子の製造に関連する実施形態を、乳化凝集プロセスに関して以下に記載しているが、例えば、米国特許第5,290,654号および第5,302,486号(それぞれの開示内容全体が本明細書に参考として組み込まれる)に開示される懸濁およびカプセル化のプロセスのような化学プロセスを含む、トナー粒子を調製する任意の適切な方法を用いてもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、トナー組成物およびトナー粒子は、粒径の小さな樹脂粒子が適切なトナー粒径になるまで凝集させ、次いで、最終的なトナー粒子の形状および形態を得るまで融着させる、凝集融着プロセスによって調製することができる
いくつかの実施形態では、凝集が終わってから融着の前に、凝集した粒子に樹脂をコーティングし、粒子表面にシェルを形成させてもよい。上述の樹脂をシェルとして利用してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、上述のポリエステルアモルファス樹脂ラテックスがシェルに含まれていてもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、上述のポリエステルアモルファス樹脂ラテックスを、異なる樹脂と組み合わせ、次いで、樹脂コーティングとして粒子に加え、シェルを形成させてもよい。
所望の粒径になるまで凝集させ、場合により任意のシェルを塗布した後、粒子が所望の最終形状になるまで融着させてもよく、融着は、例えば、混合物を約45℃〜約100℃、いくつかの実施形態では、約55℃〜約99℃の温度(この温度は、トナー粒子を形成させるのに利用される樹脂のガラス転移点以上の温度であってもよい)まで加熱し、および/または、例えば、約100rpm〜約1,000rpm、いくつかの実施形態では、約200rpm〜約800rpmまで撹拌を遅くすることによって行われてもよい。融合した粒子について、例えば、Sysmex FPIA 2100分析機を用い、望ましい形状が得られるまで形状因子または真円度を測定してもよい。
いくつかの実施形態では、トナー粒子は、望ましい場合、または必要な場合、任意要素の他の添加剤をさらに含んでいてもよい。例えば、トナーは、正電荷または負電荷の制御剤を、例えば、トナーの約0.1〜約10重量%、いくつかの実施形態では、約1〜約3重量%の量で含んでいてもよい。適切な電荷制御剤の例としては、アルキルピリジニウムハロゲン化物を含む四級アンモニウム化合物;硫酸水素塩;米国特許第4,298,672号(開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)に開示されているものを含む、アルキルピリジニウム化合物;米国特許第4,338,390号(開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)に開示されているものを含む、有機サルフェートおよびスルホネートの組成物;セチルピリジニウムテトラフルオロボレート;ジステアリルジメチルアンモニウムメチルサルフェート;アルミニウム塩、例えば、BONTRON E84(商標)またはE88(商標)(Orient Chemical Industries,Ltd.)など、これらの組み合わせなどが挙げられる。このような電荷制御剤を上述のシェル樹脂と同時に塗布してもよく、または、シェル樹脂を塗布した後に塗布してもよい。
トナー粒子を、現像剤組成物に配合してもよい。例えば、トナー粒子をキャリア粒子と混合し、二成分系現像剤組成物を得てもよい。キャリア粒子を、種々の適切な組み合わせでトナー粒子と混合してもよい。現像剤中のトナーの濃度は、現像剤の合計重量の約1重量%〜約25重量%、いくつかの実施形態では、約2重量%〜約15重量%であってもよい(しかし、これらの範囲からはずれた値を用いてもよい)。いくつかの実施形態では、トナーの濃度は、キャリアの約90重量%〜約98重量%であってもよい(しかし、これらの範囲からはずれた値を用いてもよい)。しかし、トナーおよびキャリアの割合が異なるものを使用し、望ましい特性を有する現像剤組成物を得てもよい。
本開示にしたがって調製したトナー組成物と混合するために選択可能なキャリア粒子の具体例としては、トナー粒子の電荷と反対の極性の電荷を摩擦電気として得ることが可能な粒子が挙げられる。したがって、一実施形態では、キャリア粒子は、正に帯電したトナー粒子が、その周囲にあるキャリア粒子に付着するように、負の極性を有するように選択されてもよい。このようなキャリア粒子の具体例としては、顆粒状ジルコン、顆粒状シリコン、ガラス、二酸化ケイ素、鉄、鉄アロイ、鋼、ニッケル、鉄フェライト(ストロンチウム、マグネシウム、マンガン、銅、亜鉛などが組み込まれたフェライトを含む)、マグネタイトなどが挙げられる。他のキャリアとしては、米国特許第3,847,604号、同第4,937,166号、同第4,935,326号に開示されているものが挙げられる。
例えば、米国特許第4,295,990号(開示内容全体が本明細書に参考として組み込まれる)に開示されているものを含む電子写真式画像形成方法に本開示のトナーを利用してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、例えば、磁気ブラシによる現像、単成分のジャンピング現像、ハイブリッドスカベンジレスによる現像(HSD)などの任意の既知の種類の画像現像システムを画像現像デバイスに用いてもよい。これらの現像システムおよび類似の現像システムは、当業者の常識の範囲内である。
約57%生物由来である、コントロールである生物由来の樹脂をプロピレングリコールを用いて製造した。1リットルのParr Bench Top Reactorに、短経路型凝縮器、窒素注入口、コントローラに接続した磁気攪拌軸を取り付けた。この容器に、約215グラム(約1471.19mmol)のイソソルビド(IS)と、約172.18グラム(約704.96mmol)のジメチルナフタレン−2,6−ジカルボキシレート(NDC)と、約64.37グラム(約845.95mmol)のプロピレングリコール(PG)と、約0.584グラム(約2.795mmol)のブチルスズ酸触媒(FASCAT(登録商標)4100、Arkemaから市販されている)を入れた。この容器と内容物に窒素をパージし、容器の内容物の温度が約150℃になるように反応器を約50分間加熱した。容器の温度が150℃に達したら、撹拌を開始し、約2時間かけて温度を約215℃まで上げた。容器の温度が215℃に達した時点で、反応剤であるジオールとジエステルの重縮合が開始した。約31グラムの蒸留水が集められた。この容器を約190℃に一晩加熱しておいた。
この実施例では、比較例1で使用したシクロヘキサンジカルボン酸(CHDA)をカンファー酸と交換し、他の配合物は変えなかった。この樹脂は、約70%が生物由来であった。
Mn=数平均分子量
PDI=多分散性(Mw/Mn)
Mz=z平均分子量
Mp=融点
Tg(on)=ガラス転移温度(開始)
Tg(mid)=ガラス転移温度(中点)
Tg(off)=ガラス転移温度(終了)
Ts=軟化点
AV=酸価
C/O=酸素に対する炭素の比率
COOH:OH(1:x)=ヒドロキシルに対するカルボキシルの比率
約46%生物由来である、コントロールである生物由来の樹脂をプロピレングリコールを用いて製造した。容積が1リットルのParr Bench Top Reactorに、短経路型凝縮器、窒素注入口、コントローラに接続した磁気攪拌軸を取り付けた。この容器に、約59.1グラム(約222mmol)の無水ドデセニルコハク酸と、約316.8グラム(約4162.5mmol)のプロピレングリコールと、約287.4グラム(約1480mmol)のテレフタル酸ジメチルと、約1.1グラム(約5.18mmol)のブチルスズ酸触媒(FASCAT(登録商標)4100、Arkemaから市販されている)を入れた。
この実施例では、比較例2のテレフタル酸ジメチル(DMT)の一部をカンファー酸と置き換えた。この樹脂は、約62%が生物由来であった。
Claims (20)
- カンファー酸を生物由来の樹脂の約1重量%〜約60重量%の量で含む、少なくとも1種類の生物由来のアモルファスポリエステル樹脂と;
場合により、少なくとも1種類の結晶性ポリエステル樹脂と;
場合により、着色剤、ワックス、凝固剤、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される1つ以上の成分とを含む、トナー。 - 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂が、D−イソソルビド、ナフタレンジカルボキシレート、アゼライン酸、シクロヘキサン−1,4−ジカルボン酸、コハク酸、無水ドデセニルコハク酸、テレフタル酸ジメチル、ダイマー酸、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の他の要素をさらに含む、請求項1のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂が、D−イソソルビドを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約60重量%の量で、ジメチルナフタレン 2,6−ジカルボキシレートを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約50重量%の量で、ダイマー酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約0.02重量%〜約50重量%の量で、プロピレングリコールを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約5重量%〜約50重量%の量で含む、請求項2に記載のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂が、無水ドデセニルコハク酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約40重量%の量で、テレフタル酸ジメチルを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約50重量%の量で、プロピレングリコールを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約5重量%〜約50重量%の量で含む、請求項2に記載のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、ガラス転移温度が約25℃〜約90℃であり、軟化点が約90℃〜約140℃である、請求項1のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、重量平均分子量が約1,500g/mol〜約100,000g/molであり、数平均分子量が約1,000g/mol〜約50,000g/molである、請求項1のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、酸素に対する炭素の比率が約1.5〜約7であり、酸価が約7mg KOH/樹脂1g〜約25mg KOH/樹脂1gである、請求項1のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、生物由来のモノマーを、生物由来のアモルファス樹脂の約45重量%〜約100重量%の量で含み、この生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、14C/12Cのモル比が約0.5×10−12〜約1×10−12である、請求項1のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂が、前記トナーの約30重量%〜約60重量%の量で存在する、請求項1に記載のトナーの組成物。
- D−イソソルビド、ナフタレンジカルボキシレート、アゼライン酸、シクロヘキサン−1,4−ジカルボン酸、コハク酸、無水ドデセニルコハク酸、テレフタル酸ジメチル、ダイマー酸、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の他の要素と、カンファー酸とを組み合わせて含む、少なくとも1種類の生物由来のアモルファスポリエステル樹脂と;
場合により、少なくとも1種類の結晶性ポリエステル樹脂と;
場合により、着色剤、ワックス、凝固剤、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される1つ以上の成分とを含み、
前記生物由来のアモルファスポリエステル樹脂が、生物由来のモノマーを、樹脂の約45重量%〜約100重量%の量で含む、トナー。 - 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂が、D−イソソルビドを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約60重量%の量で、ジメチルナフタレン 2,6−ジカルボキシレートを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約50重量%の量で、カンファー酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約1重量%〜約60重量%の量で、ダイマー酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約0.02重量%〜約50重量%の量で、プロピレングリコールを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約5重量%〜約50重量%の量で含む、請求項10に記載のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂が、無水ドデセニルコハク酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約40重量%の量で、カンファー酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約1重量%〜約60重量%の量で、テレフタル酸ジメチルを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約50重量%の量で、プロピレングリコールを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約5重量%〜約50重量%の量で含む、請求項10に記載のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、ガラス転移温度が約30℃〜約70℃であり、軟化点が約100℃〜約130℃である、請求項10に記載のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、重量平均分子量が約3,000g/mol〜約20,000g/molであり、数平均分子量が約2,000g/mol〜約15,000g/molである、請求項10に記載のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、酸素に対する炭素の比率が約1.5〜約7であり、酸価が約7mg KOH/樹脂1g〜約25mg KOH/樹脂1gであり、この生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、14C/12Cのモル比が約0.5×10−12〜約1×10−12である、請求項10に記載のトナー。
- D−イソソルビド、ナフタレンジカルボキシレート、アゼライン酸、シクロヘキサン−1,4−ジカルボン酸、コハク酸、無水ドデセニルコハク酸、テレフタル酸ジメチル、ダイマー酸、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の他の要素と、約1重量%〜約60重量%の量のカンファー酸とを組み合わせて含む、少なくとも1種類の生物由来のアモルファスポリエステル樹脂と;
少なくとも1種類の結晶性ポリエステル樹脂と;
着色剤、ワックス、凝固剤、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される1つ以上の成分とを含み、
前記生物由来のアモルファスポリエステル樹脂が、生物由来のモノマーを、樹脂の約45重量%〜約100重量%の量で含む、トナー。 - 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂が、D−イソソルビドを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約60重量%の量で、ジメチルナフタレン 2,6−ジカルボキシレートを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約50重量%の量で、カンファー酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約1重量%〜約60重量%の量で、ダイマー酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約0.02重量%〜約50重量%の量で、プロピレングリコールを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約5重量%〜約50重量%の量で含む、請求項16に記載のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂が、無水ドデセニルコハク酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約40重量%の量で、テレフタル酸ジメチルを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約2重量%〜約50重量%の量で、カンファー酸を、前記生物由来の樹脂の約1重量%〜約60重量%の量で、プロピレングリコールを、前記生物由来の樹脂の約5重量%〜約50重量%の量で含む、請求項16に記載のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、ガラス転移温度が約25℃〜約90℃であり、軟化点が約90℃〜約140℃であり、重量平均分子量が約1,500g/mol〜約100,000g/molであり、数平均分子量が約1,000g/mol〜約50,000g/molであり、この生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、14C/12Cのモル比が約0.5×10−12〜約1×10−12である、請求項16に記載のトナー。
- 前記生物由来のアモルファス樹脂は、酸素に対する炭素の比率が約1.5〜約7であり、酸価が約7mg KOH/樹脂1g〜約25mg KOH/樹脂1gである、請求項16に記載のトナー。
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Cited By (4)
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JP2014118562A (ja) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-30 | Xerox Corp | 生物由来のポリエステル樹脂 |
JP2014118565A (ja) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-30 | Xerox Corp | ポリエステルトナー樹脂中のカルダノール誘導体 |
JP2015004831A (ja) * | 2013-06-21 | 2015-01-08 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー |
JP2017125923A (ja) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-20 | 花王株式会社 | 電子写真用トナー |
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US8697324B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
RU2012125988A (ru) | 2013-12-27 |
MX2012004772A (es) | 2012-10-29 |
CA2775219A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
BR102012009671A2 (pt) | 2013-06-04 |
CA2775219C (en) | 2014-07-22 |
RU2593822C2 (ru) | 2016-08-10 |
JP5850782B2 (ja) | 2016-02-03 |
US20120276478A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
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