JP2012189297A - Boiler equipment and control method for outlet gas temperature therefor - Google Patents

Boiler equipment and control method for outlet gas temperature therefor Download PDF

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JP2012189297A
JP2012189297A JP2011055636A JP2011055636A JP2012189297A JP 2012189297 A JP2012189297 A JP 2012189297A JP 2011055636 A JP2011055636 A JP 2011055636A JP 2011055636 A JP2011055636 A JP 2011055636A JP 2012189297 A JP2012189297 A JP 2012189297A
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water
boiler
economizer
drum
exhaust gas
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JP5818307B2 (en
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Satoshi Tanaka
聡 田中
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Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
Nippon Steel Plant Designing Corp
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Nittetsu Plant Designing Corp
Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide boiler equipment and a control method for outlet gas temperature therefor, capable of controlling outlet gas temperature without spraying water.SOLUTION: In the boiler equipment 40 in which heat recovery from exhaust gas produced by combustion of wastes is performed, and the exhaust gas is cooled, fuel economizers 44a, 44b for preheating boiler feedwater and cooling exhaust gas are provided at a gas outlet side, and a bypass path 45 for bypassing part or the whole of the fuel economizers is provided, and by regulating a water flow quantity of boiler feedwater to the bypass path 45, the outlet gas temperature is controlled to be within a target range.

Description

本発明は、廃棄物の燃焼により発生した排ガスの熱回収を行い、排ガスの冷却を行うボイラ設備、及びその出口ガス温度の制御方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a boiler facility that recovers heat of exhaust gas generated by combustion of waste and cools the exhaust gas, and a method of controlling the outlet gas temperature thereof.

なお、本発明において「廃棄物の燃焼」とは、廃棄物をガス化溶融することも含む概念である。また、「廃棄物の燃焼により発生した排ガス」とは、廃棄物の燃焼（焼却）により直接発生した排ガスのほか、廃棄物の燃焼（ガス化溶融）により発生した可燃性ガスを二次燃焼させることにより発生した排ガスをも含む概念である。   In the present invention, “combustion of waste” is a concept including gasification melting of waste. In addition, “exhaust gas generated by combustion of waste” refers to exhaust combustion directly generated by combustion (incineration) of waste and secondary combustion of combustible gas generated by combustion of waste (gasification and melting). It is a concept that includes exhaust gas generated by this.

都市ごみや産業廃棄物などの廃棄物を燃焼処理する廃棄物処理施設においては、廃棄物の燃焼により発生した高温の排ガスを冷却しかつ熱回収する目的で、ボイラを設置するのが一般的である。   In waste treatment facilities that combust waste such as municipal waste and industrial waste, it is common to install a boiler for the purpose of cooling and recovering heat from the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the combustion of waste. is there.

図２は、廃棄物のガス化溶融処理施設における処理プロセスの一例を示す図である。   FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a treatment process in a waste gasification and melting treatment facility.

図２において、廃棄物を受け入れて貯留する廃棄物ピット内の廃棄物１０は廃棄物クレーン９によりガス化溶融炉１の上部より投入され、熱分解ガス化された発生ガスは発生ガス管２を経由して燃焼室３にて燃焼される。   In FIG. 2, the waste 10 in the waste pit that receives and stores the waste is introduced from the upper part of the gasification melting furnace 1 by the waste crane 9, and the pyrolysis gasified generated gas passes through the generated gas pipe 2. It is burned in the combustion chamber 3 via.

燃焼室３で燃焼後の高温の排ガス（８５０℃〜１０５０℃）は、ボイラ４に導入されて熱回収が行われ、排ガスは冷却される。ボイラ４を出た排ガスは、水噴霧式のガス冷却塔５に送られ、水噴霧ノズル５ａからの噴霧水の蒸発冷却により、さらに冷却され、通常１５０℃〜２００℃に冷却される。   High-temperature exhaust gas (850 ° C. to 1050 ° C.) after combustion in the combustion chamber 3 is introduced into the boiler 4 for heat recovery, and the exhaust gas is cooled. The exhaust gas exiting the boiler 4 is sent to a water spray type gas cooling tower 5 and further cooled by evaporative cooling of spray water from the water spray nozzle 5a, and is usually cooled to 150 ° C. to 200 ° C.

ガス冷却塔５で冷却する目的は、後流のバグフィルタ６のろ布の耐熱性が通常２００℃前後が限界とされることにある。また、バグフィルタ６では、排ガス中の塩化水素ガスを除去することが行われている。具体的には、ガス冷却塔５からバグフィルタ６へ通じる配管中に消石灰吹込装置８により消石灰を吹き込み、バグフィルタ６のろ布表面に付着した消石灰によりバグフィルタ６のろ布表面で脱塩化水素反応をさせて除去する。この除去効率を高めるため、バグフィルタ６に入る排ガスの温度はできる限り低いことが求められる。ただし、ガス冷却塔５及びバグフィルタ６等のケーシングの排ガスによる低温腐食防止のため１５０℃が限度である。バグフィルタ６を出た排ガスは、誘引送風機７を経て煙突より大気へ放出される。   The purpose of cooling in the gas cooling tower 5 is that the heat resistance of the filter cloth of the downstream bag filter 6 is normally limited to about 200 ° C. The bag filter 6 removes hydrogen chloride gas from the exhaust gas. Specifically, slaked lime is blown into the piping from the gas cooling tower 5 to the bag filter 6 by the slaked lime blowing device 8, and dehydrochlorination is performed on the filter cloth surface of the bag filter 6 by the slaked lime adhering to the filter cloth surface of the bag filter 6. The reaction is removed. In order to increase the removal efficiency, the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the bag filter 6 is required to be as low as possible. However, 150 ° C. is the limit to prevent low-temperature corrosion caused by exhaust gas from casings such as the gas cooling tower 5 and the bag filter 6. The exhaust gas exiting the bag filter 6 is discharged from the chimney to the atmosphere via the induction blower 7.

このように、廃棄物のガス化溶融処理施設では、バグフィルタ６の入側温度を目標温度の範囲内にするために、ボイラ４とバグフィルタ６との間に水噴霧式のガス冷却塔５を設置するのが一般的である。これは、ボイラ４への入熱が廃棄物の発熱量や処理速度により変動するため、ボイラ４の出側温度が成り行きになることから、水噴霧による温度調整が必要となるためである。   As described above, in the waste gasification and melting treatment facility, the water spray type gas cooling tower 5 is disposed between the boiler 4 and the bag filter 6 in order to bring the inlet temperature of the bag filter 6 within the target temperature range. It is common to install. This is because the heat input to the boiler 4 fluctuates depending on the amount of heat generated by the waste and the processing speed, so that the temperature at the outlet side of the boiler 4 becomes consequential, so that temperature adjustment by water spray is necessary.

しかし、水噴霧式のガス冷却塔５を設置するには大きなスペースが必要であり、さらに水噴霧するために圧縮空気を必要とするため、ランニングコストが高くなるという問題がある。   However, the installation of the water spray type gas cooling tower 5 requires a large space, and further requires compressed air for spraying water, which increases the running cost.

これに対して、特許文献１では、水噴霧によるガス冷却室を内蔵したガス冷却室内蔵ボイラが提案されている。このガス冷却室内蔵ボイラによれば、設置スペースの問題は解消されうる。しかし、水噴霧を伴うことから、ランニングコストの問題は解消されない。むしろ、ガス冷却室内蔵ボイラでは、水の蒸発性能を確保するために噴霧水の水滴をより微細化する必要があり、このために大量の圧縮空気を必要とするため、大容量の空気圧縮機が必要となり、ランニングコストは増大する。   On the other hand, in patent document 1, the boiler with a built-in gas cooling chamber which incorporated the gas cooling chamber by water spray is proposed. With this gas cooling chamber built-in boiler, the problem of installation space can be solved. However, the problem of running cost is not solved because it involves water spray. Rather, in a boiler with a built-in gas cooling chamber, it is necessary to make the water droplets of the spray water finer in order to ensure water evaporation performance, and this requires a large amount of compressed air, so a large capacity air compressor Running costs increase.

特開２００８−２５９２８号公報JP 2008-25928 A

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、水噴霧を行うことなく、出口ガス温度を制御可能なボイラ設備、及びその出口ガス温度の制御方法を提供することにある。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide boiler equipment capable of controlling the outlet gas temperature without performing water spray and a method for controlling the outlet gas temperature.

本発明のボイラ設備は、廃棄物の燃焼により発生した排ガスの熱回収を行い、排ガスの冷却を行うボイラ設備において、ボイラ給水を予熱して排ガスの冷却を行う節炭器をガス出口側に設けると共に、節炭器の一部又は全部をバイパスするバイパス経路を設け、このバイパス経路へのボイラ給水の通水量を調整する機能を有する通水量調整装置を設け、さらに、節炭器に給水するボイラ給水を加熱して脱気する脱気器と、節炭器によって予熱したボイラ給水を受け入れる気水ドラムと、気水ドラムから排出されるドラム水を受け入れてその一部を蒸発させるフラッシュタンクとを設け、フラッシュタンク内の蒸気を脱気器の気相に供給すると共に、フラッシュタンク内のタンク水を脱気器の水相に供給するようにしたことを特徴とする。   The boiler equipment of the present invention is provided with a economizer that preheats boiler feed water and cools exhaust gas at the gas outlet side in a boiler equipment that recovers heat of exhaust gas generated by combustion of waste and cools the exhaust gas. In addition, a bypass path that bypasses a part or all of the economizer is provided, a water flow amount adjusting device having a function of adjusting the amount of boiler water supplied to the bypass path is provided, and the boiler that supplies water to the economizer A deaerator for heating and degassing the feed water, an air-water drum for receiving boiler feed water preheated by the economizer, and a flash tank for receiving drum water discharged from the steam-water drum and evaporating a part thereof. And supplying the vapor in the flash tank to the vapor phase of the deaerator and supplying the tank water in the flash tank to the water phase of the deaerator.

本発明のボイラ設備の出口ガス温度の制御方法は、廃棄物の燃焼により発生した排ガスの熱回収を行い、排ガスの冷却を行うボイラ設備において、ボイラ給水を予熱して排ガスの冷却を行う節炭器をガス出口側に設けると共に、節炭器の一部又は全部をバイパスするバイパス経路を設け、このバイパス経路へのボイラ給水の通水量を調整することにより、出口ガス温度を目標範囲内に制御することを特徴とする。   The boiler equipment outlet gas temperature control method according to the present invention is a fuel saving system that preheats boiler feed water and cools exhaust gas in a boiler equipment that recovers heat of exhaust gas generated by combustion of waste and cools the exhaust gas. A bypass path that bypasses part or all of the economizer is provided on the gas outlet side, and the outlet gas temperature is controlled within the target range by adjusting the amount of boiler feed water to this bypass path. It is characterized by doing.

また、本発明のボイラ設備の出口ガス温度の制御方法においては、節炭器によって予熱したボイラ給水を補給水として受け入れる気水ドラムのドラム水レベルが、補給水を要求しないレベルにあるときに、節炭器に給水するボイラ給水量を増加させる場合、気水ドラムからドラム水を強制排水して補給水を受け入れるようにすることができる。   Moreover, in the method for controlling the outlet gas temperature of the boiler equipment of the present invention, when the drum water level of the air drum that receives boiler feed water preheated by the economizer as make-up water is at a level that does not require make-up water, When increasing the amount of boiler water supplied to the economizer, it is possible to forcibly drain the drum water from the air-water drum and accept makeup water.

本発明によれば、節炭器の一部又は全部をバイパスするバイパス経路を設け、このバイパス経路へのボイラ給水の通水量を調整することにより、出口ガス温度を目標範囲内に制御することで、水噴霧を行うことなく、出口ガス温度を制御することができる。   According to the present invention, by providing a bypass path that bypasses part or all of the economizer and adjusting the amount of boiler feed water to this bypass path, the outlet gas temperature is controlled within the target range. The outlet gas temperature can be controlled without spraying water.

本発明のボイラ設備の一実施例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows one Example of the boiler equipment of this invention. 廃棄物のガス化溶融処理施設における処理プロセスの一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the processing process in the gasification melting processing facility of a waste material.

図１は、本発明のボイラ設備の一実施例を示す図である。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the boiler equipment of the present invention.

図１に示すボイラ設備は、図２に示したガス化溶融処理施設に適用される。すなわち、図２において、燃焼室３で燃焼後の高温の排ガス（８５０℃〜１０５０℃）が、図１のボイラ設備４０のボイラ本体４１に導入される。ボイラ本体４１を出た排ガスは、直接、バグフィルタ６に導入される。つまり、図２に示したガス化溶融処理施設に本発明のボイラ設備４０を適用すれば、水噴霧式のガス冷却塔５を省略できる。   The boiler equipment shown in FIG. 1 is applied to the gasification and melting treatment facility shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 2, the high temperature exhaust gas (850 degreeC-1050 degreeC) after combustion in the combustion chamber 3 is introduce | transduced into the boiler main body 41 of the boiler equipment 40 of FIG. The exhaust gas exiting the boiler body 41 is directly introduced into the bag filter 6. That is, if the boiler equipment 40 of the present invention is applied to the gasification and melting treatment facility shown in FIG. 2, the water spray type gas cooling tower 5 can be omitted.

ボイラ本体４１には仕切壁４１ａを介して上下反転する排ガス通路が形成されており、排ガスは、ボイラ本体４１の下部から導入され、上下反転した後にボイラ本体４１の下部から排出される。   An exhaust gas passage that is vertically inverted is formed in the boiler body 41 via a partition wall 41a. The exhaust gas is introduced from the lower portion of the boiler body 41, and is discharged from the lower portion of the boiler body 41 after being vertically inverted.

ボイラ給水は、脱気器４２により加熱され脱気された後に、ボイラ給水ポンプ４３にてボイラ本体１のガス出口側に内蔵された節炭器に導入される。図１の実施例において節炭器は直列に接続された第１節炭器４４ａと第２節炭器４４ｂとからなる。また、節炭器への給水経路には、第１節炭器４４ａをバイパスするバイパス経路４５が設けられている。バイパス経路４５へのボイラ給水を通水量は、三方調整弁４６により調整する。   The boiler feed water is heated and degassed by the deaerator 42, and then introduced into the economizer built in the gas outlet side of the boiler body 1 by the boiler feed water pump 43. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the economizer comprises a first economizer 44a and a second economizer 44b connected in series. Moreover, the bypass path 45 which bypasses the 1st economizer 44a is provided in the water supply path to the economizer. The amount of boiler feed water to the bypass path 45 is adjusted by the three-way regulating valve 46.

第２節炭器４４ｂを出たボイラ給水は気水ドラム４７に導入され、気水ドラム４７内の蒸気が過熱器４８に導入され、過熱蒸気が蒸気タービンに供給される。気水ドラム４７内のドラム水はドラム水排出管４９により排出可能であり、排出されたドラム水はフラッシュタンク５０に導入される。気水ドラム５０内の圧力は４．５Ｍｐａ程度であり、フラッシュタンク５０内の圧力はそれより低い０．０７Ｍｐａ程度であるため、フラッシュタンク５０内に導入されたドラム水はその一部が蒸発してフラッシュ蒸気の飽和ドレンとなる。フラッシュタンク５０内の蒸気（＊１）は脱気器４２の気相に供給され、フラッシュタンク５０内のタンク水（＊２）は脱気器４２の水相に供給される。このタンク水の脱気器４２への供給は、レベルセンサ５０ａにより検出されるフラッシュタンク５０内のタンク水レベルが一定となるように送水ポンプ５１により行われる。一方、フラッシュタンク５０内の蒸気の脱気器４２への供給は、脱気器４２内の圧力が０．０３Ｍｐａ程度とフラッシュタンク５０内の圧力よりも低いことから、その圧力差を利用して行われる。なお、余剰のタンク水はブロータンク５２を介して系外に排出される。   Boiler feed water exiting the second economizer 44b is introduced into the steam-water drum 47, steam in the steam-water drum 47 is introduced into the superheater 48, and superheated steam is supplied to the steam turbine. The drum water in the steam-water drum 47 can be discharged through the drum water discharge pipe 49, and the discharged drum water is introduced into the flash tank 50. Since the pressure in the steam-water drum 50 is about 4.5 Mpa, and the pressure in the flash tank 50 is about 0.07 Mpa lower than that, a part of the drum water introduced into the flash tank 50 evaporates. It becomes saturated drain of flash steam. Steam (* 1) in the flash tank 50 is supplied to the gas phase of the deaerator 42, and tank water (* 2) in the flash tank 50 is supplied to the water phase of the deaerator 42. The supply of the tank water to the deaerator 42 is performed by the water supply pump 51 so that the tank water level in the flash tank 50 detected by the level sensor 50a is constant. On the other hand, the supply of the vapor in the flash tank 50 to the deaerator 42 uses the pressure difference because the pressure in the deaerator 42 is about 0.03 Mpa, which is lower than the pressure in the flash tank 50. Done. Excess tank water is discharged out of the system through the blow tank 52.

以上の構成において、ボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度は、バイパス経路４５へのボイラ給水の通水量を三方調整弁４６の操作により調整することで、１６０±１０℃となるように制御する。具体的には、温度センサ５３で検出されたボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度が低め（例えば１６０−５℃）になったら、バイパス経路４５へのボイラ給水の通水量を増加させ、第１節炭器４４ａへの通水量を減少させることで、実質的に節炭器全体の伝熱面積を小さくする。一方、ボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度が高め（例えば１６０＋５℃）になったら、バイパス経路４５へのボイラ給水の通水量を減少させ、第１節炭器４４ａへの通水量を増加させることで、実質的に節炭器全体の伝熱面積を大きくする。   In the above configuration, the outlet gas temperature of the boiler body 41 is controlled to be 160 ± 10 ° C. by adjusting the amount of boiler feed water to the bypass passage 45 by operating the three-way adjustment valve 46. Specifically, when the outlet gas temperature of the boiler main body 41 detected by the temperature sensor 53 becomes lower (for example, 160-5 ° C.), the amount of boiler feed water to the bypass passage 45 is increased, and the first coal saving By reducing the amount of water flow to the vessel 44a, the heat transfer area of the entire economizer is substantially reduced. On the other hand, when the outlet gas temperature of the boiler body 41 becomes high (for example, 160 + 5 ° C.), the amount of boiler feed water to the bypass passage 45 is decreased and the amount of water flow to the first economizer 44a is increased. The heat transfer area of the entire economizer is substantially increased.

ここで、ボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度を１６０±１０℃に制御する理由は、１６０℃＋１０℃を上回った場合、先に説明した消石灰による脱塩化水素反応の効率が悪くなるため、消石灰の吹き込み量が増えランニングコスト増となり、１６０−１０℃を下回った場合、排ガス中の塩化水素等の酸性成分が結露しやすくなり、低温腐食の原因となるためである。すなわち、ボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度を低くすることにより、処理ガス容量が縮小し、ろ過速度の高速流化によりろ過面積の縮小が図れるので、塩化水素を効率的に除去できることから消石灰の吹き込み量を抑えることができるが、出口ガス温度を低くしすぎると、とくにケーシングのコーナー部等の温度が低下しやすくガスが滞留しやすい部位において結露温度以下となって低温腐食が発生するので、ボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度は１６０±１０℃に制御する。   Here, the reason why the outlet gas temperature of the boiler body 41 is controlled to 160 ± 10 ° C. is that when the temperature exceeds 160 ° C. + 10 ° C., the efficiency of the dehydrochlorination reaction using slaked lime described above deteriorates. This is because when the amount increases and the running cost increases and the temperature falls below 160-10 ° C., acidic components such as hydrogen chloride in the exhaust gas tend to condense and cause low temperature corrosion. That is, by reducing the gas temperature at the outlet of the boiler body 41, the processing gas capacity is reduced, and the filtration area can be reduced by flowing the filtration speed at a high speed. However, if the outlet gas temperature is too low, the temperature of the corners of the casing, etc., tends to decrease and the gas tends to stay below the condensation temperature. The outlet gas temperature of 41 is controlled to 160 ± 10 ° C.

一方で、ボイラ設備４０において気水ドラム４７は、レベルセンサ４７ａで検出したドラム水レベルと、給水流量計５４で検出したボイラ給水量と、蒸気流量計５５で検出した蒸気流量とを演算し、ボイラ給水量を流量調整弁５６にて調整してドラム水レベルを一定に保つ、いわゆる三要素制御により制御されている。図１において三要素制御は三要素制御器５７により実行される。気水ドラム４７のドラム水レベルを一定に保つ理由は、ドラム水レベルが高くなるとドラム水が過熱器４８へ流出するおそれがあり、ドラム水レベルが低くなるとボイラ本体４１が空焚き状態となるおそれがあるからである。   On the other hand, in the boiler facility 40, the air / water drum 47 calculates the drum water level detected by the level sensor 47a, the boiler feed water detected by the feed water flow meter 54, and the steam flow detected by the steam flow meter 55, It is controlled by so-called three-element control in which the boiler water supply amount is adjusted by the flow rate adjusting valve 56 to keep the drum water level constant. In FIG. 1, the three-element control is executed by a three-element controller 57. The reason why the drum water level of the steam drum 47 is kept constant is that if the drum water level becomes high, the drum water may flow out to the superheater 48, and if the drum water level becomes low, the boiler body 41 may become empty. Because there is.

このように、ボイラ設備４０において気水ドラム４７のドラム水レベルは一定に保つ必要がある。すなわち、気水ドラム４７のドラム水レベルは、ボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度と関係なく、一定に制御する必要がある。そこで、本実施例では、気水ドラム４７が補給水（第１節炭器４４ａ及び第２節炭器４４ｂからのボイラ給水）を要求しない状況において、ボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度が高くなり、第１節炭器４４ａ及び第２節炭器４４ｂに給水するボイラ給水量を増加させる必要がある場合、ドラム水排出管４９よりドラム水を強制排出して補給水を受け入れる。これにより、ドラム水レベルは一定に保つことができる。この場合、バイパス経路４５へのボイラ給水の通水量は減少させ、節炭器全体の伝熱面積は大きくする。逆に、気水ドラム４７が補給水を要求する状況において、ボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度が低い場合は、バイパス経路４５へのボイラ給水の通水量を増加させ節炭器全体の伝熱面積を小さくした上で、ボイラ給水量を増加させる。このように本実施例では、バイパス経路４５へのボイラ給水の通水量を調整すると共に、気水ドラム４７からのドラム水の排出量を制御することで、気水ドラム４７のドラム水レベルを一定に保ちつつ、ボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度を目標範囲内に制御することが可能となる。その具体的な制御は、制御器５８が、レベルセンサ４７ａで検出したドラム水レベルと、温度センサ５３で検出したボイラ本体４１の出口ガス温度と、三方調整弁４６の操作状態（バイパス経路４５へのボイラ給水の通水量）と、ドラム水排出管４９に設けた流量調整弁５９の開度とを演算し、三方調整弁４６の操作状態及び流量調整弁５９の開度を調整することで実行される。   Thus, in the boiler facility 40, the drum water level of the steam drum 47 needs to be kept constant. That is, it is necessary to control the drum water level of the air / water drum 47 to be constant regardless of the outlet gas temperature of the boiler body 41. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in a situation where the air-water drum 47 does not require make-up water (boiler feed water from the first economizer 44a and the second economizer 44b), the outlet gas temperature of the boiler body 41 becomes high, When it is necessary to increase the amount of boiler water supplied to the first economizer 44a and the second economizer 44b, the drum water is forcibly discharged from the drum water discharge pipe 49 to receive makeup water. Thereby, the drum water level can be kept constant. In this case, the amount of boiler feed water to the bypass path 45 is decreased, and the heat transfer area of the entire economizer is increased. Conversely, in the situation where the air-water drum 47 requires make-up water, when the outlet gas temperature of the boiler body 41 is low, the amount of boiler feed water flowing to the bypass path 45 is increased to increase the heat transfer area of the entire economizer. Increase the boiler water supply after making it smaller. As described above, in this embodiment, the amount of boiler water supplied to the bypass passage 45 is adjusted, and the amount of drum water discharged from the steam-water drum 47 is controlled, so that the drum water level of the steam-water drum 47 is kept constant. Thus, the outlet gas temperature of the boiler body 41 can be controlled within the target range. Specifically, the controller 58 controls the drum water level detected by the level sensor 47a, the outlet gas temperature of the boiler body 41 detected by the temperature sensor 53, and the operating state of the three-way regulating valve 46 (to the bypass path 45). The flow rate of the boiler water supply) and the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 59 provided in the drum water discharge pipe 49 are calculated, and the operation state of the three-way adjustment valve 46 and the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 59 are adjusted. Is done.

気水ドラム４７から排出されたドラム水は、上述のとおりフラッシュタンク５０に入り、フラッシュタンク５０内の蒸気（＊１）は脱気器４２の気相に供給される共に、フラッシュタンク５０内のタンク水（＊２）は脱気器４２の水相に供給される。これにより、気水ドラム４７から排出されたドラム水の熱量を脱気器４２にて有効に活用することができる。   The drum water discharged from the steam-water drum 47 enters the flash tank 50 as described above, and the steam (* 1) in the flash tank 50 is supplied to the vapor phase of the deaerator 42, and Tank water (* 2) is supplied to the water phase of the deaerator 42. Thereby, the amount of heat of the drum water discharged from the air-water drum 47 can be effectively utilized by the deaerator 42.

なお、以上の実施例では、節炭器を第１節炭器４４ａと第２節炭器４４ｂとに分割し、第１節炭器４４ａをバイパスするバイパス経路４５へのボイラ給水の通水量を調整することにより、節炭器の一部をバイパスするようにしたが、単一の節炭器を使用し、その一部又は全部をバイパスするバイパス経路を設けることにより、節炭器の伝熱面積及び通水量を変更できるようにしてもよい。   In the above embodiment, the economizer is divided into the first economizer 44a and the second economizer 44b, and the amount of boiler feed water to the bypass path 45 that bypasses the first economizer 44a is reduced. By adjusting, a part of the economizer was bypassed, but by using a single economizer and providing a bypass path that bypasses part or all of it, the heat transfer of the economizer You may enable it to change an area and the amount of water flow.

本発明のボイラ設備は、ガス化溶融処理施設に限らず、廃棄物の燃焼を行う施設に広く利用可能である。   The boiler equipment of the present invention can be widely used not only in gasification and melting treatment facilities but also in facilities that burn waste.

１ ガス化溶融炉
２ 発生ガス管
３ 燃焼室
４ ボイラ
５ ガス冷却塔
５ａ 水噴霧ノズル
６ バグフィルタ
７ 誘引送風機
８ 消石灰吹込装置
９ 廃棄物クレーン
１０ 廃棄物
４０ ボイラ設備
４１ ボイラ本体
４１ａ 仕切壁
４２ 脱気器
４３ ボイラ給水ポンプ
４４ａ 第１節炭器
４４ｂ 第２節炭器
４５ バイパス経路
４６ 三方調整弁（通水量調整装置）
４７ 気水ドラム
４７ａ レベルセンサ
４８ 過熱器
４９ ドラム水排出管
５０ フラッシュタンク
５０ａ レベルセンサ
５１ 送水ポンプ
５２ ブロータンク
５３ 温度センサ
５４ 給水流量計
５５ 蒸気流量計
５６ 流量調整弁
５７ 三要素制御器
５８ 制御器
５９ 流量調整弁 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification melting furnace 2 Generation | occurrence | production gas pipe 3 Combustion chamber 4 Boiler 5 Gas cooling tower 5a Water spray nozzle 6 Bag filter 7 Induction blower 8 Slaked lime blowing device 9 Waste crane 10 Waste 40 Boiler equipment 41 Boiler body 41a Partition wall 42 Desorption Ventilator 43 Boiler feed pump 44a 1st economizer 44b 2nd economizer 45 Bypass path 46 Three-way regulating valve (water flow regulating device)
47 Air Water Drum 47a Level Sensor 48 Superheater 49 Drum Water Discharge Pipe 50 Flash Tank 50a Level Sensor 51 Water Pump 52 Blow Tank 53 Temperature Sensor 54 Water Supply Flow Meter 55 Steam Flow Meter 56 Flow Control Valve 57 Three-Element Controller 58 Controller 59 Flow control valve

Claims (3)

廃棄物の燃焼により発生した排ガスの熱回収を行い、排ガスの冷却を行うボイラ設備において、
ボイラ給水を予熱して排ガスの冷却を行う節炭器をガス出口側に設けると共に、節炭器の一部又は全部をバイパスするバイパス経路を設け、このバイパス経路へのボイラ給水の通水量を調整する機能を有する通水量調整装置を設け、
さらに、節炭器に給水するボイラ給水を加熱して脱気する脱気器と、節炭器によって予熱したボイラ給水を受け入れる気水ドラムと、気水ドラムから排出されるドラム水を受け入れてその一部を蒸発させるフラッシュタンクとを設け、フラッシュタンク内の蒸気を脱気器の気相に供給すると共に、フラッシュタンク内のタンク水を脱気器の水相に供給するようにしたことを特徴とするボイラ設備。 In boiler equipment that recovers heat of exhaust gas generated by combustion of waste and cools exhaust gas,
A economizer that preheats boiler feedwater and cools the exhaust gas is provided on the gas outlet side, and a bypass path that bypasses part or all of the economizer is provided, and the amount of boiler feedwater to this bypass path is adjusted A water flow rate adjusting device having the function of
Furthermore, a deaerator for heating and degassing boiler feed water supplied to the economizer, an air-water drum for receiving boiler water preheated by the economizer, and drum water discharged from the air-water drum for receiving the water A flash tank that partially evaporates is provided, and the steam in the flash tank is supplied to the gas phase of the deaerator and the tank water in the flash tank is supplied to the water phase of the deaerator. Boiler equipment. 廃棄物の燃焼により発生した排ガスの熱回収を行い、排ガスの冷却を行うボイラ設備において、ボイラ給水を予熱して排ガスの冷却を行う節炭器をガス出口側に設けると共に、節炭器の一部又は全部をバイパスするバイパス経路を設け、このバイパス経路へのボイラ給水の通水量を調整することにより、出口ガス温度を目標範囲内に制御することを特徴とするボイラ設備の出口ガス温度の制御方法。   In a boiler facility that recovers heat of exhaust gas generated by combustion of waste and cools the exhaust gas, a economizer that preheats boiler feed water and cools the exhaust gas is provided on the gas outlet side. The outlet gas temperature of the boiler equipment is characterized by controlling the outlet gas temperature within a target range by adjusting a flow rate of boiler feed water to the bypass path by bypassing part or all Method. 節炭器によって予熱したボイラ給水を補給水として受け入れる気水ドラムのドラム水レベルが、補給水を要求しないレベルにあるときに、節炭器に給水するボイラ給水量を増加させる場合、気水ドラムからドラム水を強制排水して補給水を受け入れる請求項２に記載のボイラ設備の出口ガス温度の制御方法。   When the drum water level of the air-water drum that accepts boiler feed water preheated by the economizer as a make-up water is at a level that does not require make-up water, increase the boiler water supply amount to the economizer. 3. The method for controlling the outlet gas temperature of boiler equipment according to claim 2, wherein the drum water is forcibly drained to receive makeup water.
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JP2014228222A (en) * 2013-05-24 2014-12-08 株式会社サムソン Boiler with water supply preheater
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CN113893683B (en) * 2021-08-17 2023-10-20 华能重庆珞璜发电有限责任公司 Subcritical coal-fired boiler full-load denitration system

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