JP2012185938A - Nonaqueous secondary battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nonaqueous secondary battery capable of improving safety furthermore.SOLUTION: The lithium ion secondary battery (nonaqueous secondary battery) includes: a positive electrode 10 including a positive electrode collector 11, which has a multilayer structure where a resin layer 13 is sandwiched between conductive layers 14, and a positive electrode active material layer 12 formed on the positive electrode collector 11; and a tab electrode 41 electrically connected to the positive electrode 10. The tab electrode 41 is electrically connected to the positive electrode collector 11 of the positive electrode 10 via a conductive member 80 comprising a low melting point metal.

Description

  The present invention relates to a non-aqueous secondary battery, and more particularly to a non-aqueous secondary battery having an electrode in which an active material layer is formed on a current collector.

  Non-aqueous secondary batteries represented by lithium ion secondary batteries have high capacity and high energy density, and are excellent in storage performance and charge / discharge repetition characteristics. It's being used. In recent years, lithium ion secondary batteries have come to be used for electric power storage applications and in-vehicle applications such as electric vehicles due to increasing awareness of environmental issues and energy savings.

  On the other hand, the non-aqueous secondary battery has a high risk of abnormal overheating or ignition when exposed to an overcharged state or a high temperature environment because of its high energy density. Therefore, various countermeasures for safety are taken in the non-aqueous secondary battery.

  Conventionally, in order to prevent ignition due to abnormal heat generation, a lithium ion secondary battery using a current collector having a multilayer structure has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  Patent Document 1 proposes a lithium ion secondary battery using a current collector in which metal layers are formed on both surfaces of a resin film having a low melting point of 130 ° C. to 170 ° C. In this lithium ion secondary battery, when abnormal heat generation occurs in an overcharged state or a high temperature state, the low melting point resin film melts. And the electrode is damaged by melting of the resin film. Thereby, since an electric current is cut, the temperature rise inside a battery is suppressed and ignition is prevented.

JP-A-11-102711

  As described above, the current collector proposed in Patent Document 1 is very effective as a safety measure for non-aqueous secondary batteries, and can ensure sufficient safety under normal use conditions. It is.

  However, there may be a situation where the above configuration alone cannot sufficiently secure safety. In recent years, higher safety has been demanded in order to cope with higher capacity.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and one object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous secondary battery capable of further improving safety.

  In order to achieve the above object, a non-aqueous secondary battery according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a current collector having a multilayer structure in which an insulating layer is sandwiched between conductive layers, and an active formed on the current collector. An electrode including a material layer and a tab electrode for wiring extraction connected to the electrode are provided. The tab electrode is electrically connected to the electrode through a conductive material made of a low melting point metal.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, as described above, by using the current collector having a multilayer structure, for example, when a local short circuit occurs between the electrodes, the current collector is insulated. Since the layer melts and the electrode breaks, the current can be cut. Thereby, since the temperature rise inside a battery can be suppressed, it can prevent that abnormal states, such as ignition, arise.

  Further, in the first aspect, when the temperature inside the battery rises for some reason such as an overcharged state by electrically connecting the tab electrode to the electrode via a conductive material made of a low melting point metal. The conductive material can be melted at the temperature inside the battery. Thereby, the electrical connection between the tab electrode and the electrode can be interrupted.

  Thus, in the first aspect, the current can be interrupted not only by the current collector having a multilayer structure but also by the conductive material connecting the tab electrode and the electrode, so that safety is further improved. Can do.

  For example, if it is a local short circuit in an electrode, since a current can be interrupted by a current collector having a multilayer structure, an increase in temperature inside the battery can be suppressed. On the other hand, it may be difficult for some reason to suppress the temperature rise inside the battery with a current collector having a multilayer structure. In such a case, the temperature rise inside the battery can be suppressed by fusing the conductive material by the heat generation inside the battery.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, the low melting point metal is preferably made of a metal material that melts due to heat generation inside the battery. If comprised in this way, since the abnormal heat generation of a battery can be suppressed easily, the non-aqueous secondary battery in which safety | security was improved more can be obtained easily.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, a plurality of electrodes are stacked, and the tab electrode is electrically connected to at least a part of the plurality of electrodes via the conductive material. It is preferable. If comprised in this way, a tab electrode and an electrode can be electrically connected easily via the penetration member as a electrically-conductive material.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, the conductive material is preferably configured as a penetrating member that penetrates the electrode in the thickness direction. If comprised in this way, a tab electrode can be easily electrically connected with an electrode via a electrically conductive material.

  Here, since the current collector has a configuration in which an insulating layer is sandwiched between conductive layers, for example, in the case of a stacked non-aqueous secondary battery in which a plurality of electrodes are stacked, a tab electrode for wiring extraction When the electrode is connected to the current collector, conduction between the electrodes cannot be obtained. For this reason, when the collector which has a multilayer structure is used in order to improve safety, the problem that battery performance falls will arise. Note that the battery performance can be degraded even when the electrode using the current collector having a multilayer structure is a single layer.

  However, as described above, by using the conductive material as the penetrating member, the penetrating member can electrically connect the conductive layer on one side of the insulating layer and the conductive layer on the other side of the current collector. Therefore, even when a current collector having a multilayer structure is used, a decrease in battery performance can be suppressed.

  In this case, it is preferable that a plurality of electrodes are laminated, and the penetrating member continuously penetrates the plurality of electrodes in the thickness direction. If comprised in this way, since a tab electrode can be electrically connected with a some electrode (for example, all the electrodes), the fall of battery performance can be suppressed effectively. As a result, the performance of the non-aqueous secondary battery can be maximized.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, preferably, the conductive material is formed in a foil shape, and is connected to the electrode so that a part thereof extends to the outside of the electrode, The extended portion of the conductive material is connected to the tab electrode. If comprised in this way, a tab electrode can be easily electrically connected with an electrode via a electrically conductive material. In addition, even when a current collector having a multilayer structure is used, a decrease in battery performance can be suppressed.

  In this case, preferably, a plurality of electrodes are laminated, and a foil-like conductive material is arranged between each electrode, and the extended portions of the conductive material are welded to the tab electrodes, respectively. Has been. If comprised in this way, since a tab electrode can be electrically connected with a some electrode (for example, all the electrodes), the fall of battery performance can be suppressed effectively. As a result, the performance of the non-aqueous secondary battery can be maximized.

  The non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect preferably further includes a foil-like member made of a conductive material, and the foil-like member has an electrode extending partly outside the electrode. The extended portion of the foil-like member is welded to the tab electrode by a conductive material made of a low melting point metal. If comprised in this way, a tab electrode can be easily electrically connected with an electrode via a electrically conductive material. In addition, even when a current collector having a multilayer structure is used, a decrease in battery performance can be suppressed.

  In this case, preferably, a plurality of electrodes are laminated, and a foil-like member is disposed between each of the electrodes. If comprised in this way, since a tab electrode can be electrically connected with a some electrode (for example, all the electrodes), the fall of battery performance can be suppressed effectively. As a result, the performance of the non-aqueous secondary battery can be maximized.

  In the nonaqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, preferably, the conductive material made of a low melting point metal has a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of the insulating layer of the current collector. If comprised in this way, the abnormal heat generation inside a battery which was difficult to prevent with the collector which has a multilayered structure can be prevented by fusing of a conductive material. Thereby, safety can be improved more easily.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, the conductive material made of a low melting point metal may have a melting point lower than the melting point of the insulating layer of the current collector. With this configuration, the conductive material can be blown before the insulating layer of the current collector is melted. For this reason, even when comprised in this way, the safety | security of a non-aqueous secondary battery can be improved more.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, it is preferable that the low melting point metal is made of an alloy mainly composed of any one of indium, zinc, gallium, tin, and bismuth. If comprised in this way, a conductive material can be easily blown out by the abnormal heat generation inside a battery.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, preferably, the electrode includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is formed using a current collector having a multilayer structure. If comprised in this way, the safety | security of a non-aqueous secondary battery can be improved effectively.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, it is preferable that the insulating layer of the current collector is made of a film-like or fibrous resin.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect described above, preferably, the insulating layer of the current collector is made of a thermoplastic resin, and the heat shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. is 1.5 in any direction of the planar direction. % Or more. With this configuration, for example, when abnormal heat generation occurs in an overcharged state, a high temperature state, or the like, the electrode can be easily damaged, so that an abnormal state such as ignition can be effectively prevented. can do. For this reason, the safety | security of a non-aqueous secondary battery can be improved effectively.

  In the nonaqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect described above, preferably, the insulating layer of the current collector is a resin containing any of polyolefin resins, or a resin containing any of polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyamide, or , Composed of these composite materials. If comprised in this way, the safety | security of a non-aqueous secondary battery can be improved easily.

  In the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the first aspect, preferably, the electrode includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and further includes a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the separator is heated at 120 ° C. Shrinkage rate is smaller than the insulating layer of the current collector. If comprised in this way, when abnormal heat_generation | fever generate | occur | produces in an overcharge state, a high temperature state, etc., an electrode can be made easy to be damaged easily.

  In this case, preferably, the thermal contraction rate of the separator at 180 ° C. is 1.0% or less. With this configuration, when an abnormal heat generation occurs in an overcharged state, a high temperature state, or the like, it is possible to easily suppress the occurrence of an internal short circuit due to the thermal contraction of the separator. . Thereby, since it can suppress that a rapid temperature rise arises, the safety | security of a non-aqueous secondary battery can further be improved.

  In the configuration including the separator, the separator preferably includes any one of an aramid resin, a polyester resin, and a cellulose resin.

  A non-aqueous secondary battery according to a second aspect of the present invention includes an electrode including a current collector having a multilayer structure in which an insulating layer is sandwiched between conductive layers, an active material layer formed on the current collector, and an electrode And a tab electrode for drawing out the wiring connected to the. And the said tab electrode is electrically connected with the electrode through the electrically conductive material which resistance increases according to a temperature change.

  In this second aspect, as described above, the temperature inside the battery rises for some reason by electrically connecting the tab electrode to the electrode through a conductive material whose resistance increases in response to a temperature change. In this case, the resistance of the conductive material can be increased at the temperature inside the battery. Thereby, conduction between the tab electrode and the electrode can be interrupted. When an abnormal current flows through the electrode, the resistance of the conductive material may increase due to the current. Even in such a case, conduction between the tab electrode and the electrode can be interrupted.

  Thus, even when the tab electrode and the electrode are electrically connected via the conductive material whose resistance increases in accordance with the temperature change, the safety of the non-aqueous secondary battery can be further improved.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily obtain a non-aqueous secondary battery capable of suppressing a decrease in battery performance while improving safety.

It is sectional drawing which showed typically the electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an electrode group of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 is an overall perspective view of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which expanded and showed a part of FIG. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the connection method of the tab electrode in the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the connection method of the tab electrode in the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing (figure corresponding to the cross section along the AA line of FIG. 10) of the positive electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the positive electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a perspective view of a positive electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is the top view which showed typically a part of positive electrode used for the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed typically a part of electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention (figure corresponding to the cross section along the BB line of FIG. 16). It is a top view of the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a perspective view of a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view of a separator of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed typically a part of electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the lithium ion secondary battery by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the lithium ion secondary battery by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed typically a part of electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the lithium ion secondary battery by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery by the modification of 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the lithium ion secondary battery by the modification of 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery by the modification of 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery by the other modification of 3rd Embodiment.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, a case where the present invention is applied to a stacked lithium ion secondary battery which is an example of a non-aqueous secondary battery will be described.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an electrode group of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the lithium ion secondary battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of an electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 4 to 16 are views for explaining the lithium ion secondary battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention. First, with reference to FIGS. 1-16, the lithium ion secondary battery by 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the lithium ion secondary battery according to the first embodiment is a large secondary battery having a square flat shape, and an electrode group 50 including a plurality of electrodes 5 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). ) And a metal outer container 100 that encloses the electrode group 50 together with a non-aqueous electrolyte.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the electrode 5 includes a positive electrode 10 and a negative electrode 20, and suppresses a short circuit between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20 between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20. A separator 30 is provided. Specifically, the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20 are arranged so as to face each other with the separator 30 interposed therebetween, and the positive electrode 10, the separator 30, and the negative electrode 20 are sequentially laminated, thereby forming a laminated structure (laminated body). It is configured. Note that the positive electrodes 10 and the negative electrodes 20 are alternately stacked one by one. The electrode group 50 is configured such that one positive electrode 10 is positioned between two adjacent negative electrodes 20.

  The electrode group 50 includes, for example, 13 positive electrodes 10, 14 negative electrodes 20, and 28 separators 30. The positive electrodes 10 and the negative electrodes 20 are alternately stacked with the separators 30 interposed therebetween. Further, a separator 30 is disposed on the outermost side of the electrode group 50 (outside of the outermost negative electrode 20), and insulation from the outer container 100 is achieved.

  The positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20 are connected to wiring lead-out tab electrodes 41 and 42, respectively.

  Here, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the tab electrode 41 connected to the positive electrode 10 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 10 via a conductive member (conductive material) 80 made of a low melting point metal. Has been. The low melting point metal constituting the conductive member 80 is made of a metal material that melts due to the heat generated inside the battery.

  Furthermore, in the first embodiment, the conductive member 80 is configured as a penetrating member 80a that penetrates the positive electrode 10 (electrode) in the thickness direction.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the positive electrode 10 constituting the electrode group 50 has a configuration in which the positive electrode active material layer 12 is supported on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 11.

  The positive electrode current collector 11 has a function of collecting current from the positive electrode active material layer 12.

  In the first embodiment, the positive electrode current collector 11 has a multilayer structure (three-layer structure) in which conductive layers 14 are formed on both surfaces of the insulating resin layer 13. The resin layer 13 is an example of the “insulating layer” in the present invention.

  The conductive layer 14 constituting the positive electrode current collector 11 is made of, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and has a thickness of about 4 μm to about 10 μm. Since aluminum is easily passivated, it can be suitably used as the conductive layer 14 of the positive electrode current collector 11. In addition, the said conductive layer 14 may be other than aluminum or aluminum alloy, for example, may be comprised from metal materials, such as titanium, stainless steel, nickel, or these alloys.

  The method for forming the conductive layer 14 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method by vapor deposition, sputtering, electrolytic plating, electroless plating, bonding of metal foil, and the like, and a method including a combination of these methods.

  The resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11 is made of a plastic material made of a thermoplastic resin. This resin layer 13 consists of a sheet-like resin member (resin film), for example. As the thermoplastic resin constituting the plastic material, for example, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) having a heat distortion temperature of 150 ° C. or less, polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, etc. are suitable. Used for. Among these, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) having a thermal shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. of 1.5% or more in any direction in the plane direction, polyvinyl chloride, and the like are preferable. Moreover, these composite films and the resin film which gave these surface treatment processes can also be used suitably. Furthermore, a resin film made of the same material as that of the separator 30 can be used. Further, any resin having different heat deformation temperature, heat shrinkage rate, etc. can be used for both the resin layer 13 and the separator 30 due to differences in manufacturing process and processing.

  The thickness of the resin layer 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 μm or more and 70 μm or less, and more preferably 10 μm or more and 50 μm or less in order to balance the energy density improvement and strength maintenance as a secondary battery. preferable. The resin layer 13 (resin film) may be a resin film manufactured by any method such as uniaxial stretching, biaxial stretching, or non-stretching. Further, the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11 may be, for example, in the form of a fiber other than a film.

  In addition to the foil shape, the positive electrode current collector 11 has a film shape, a sheet shape, a net shape, a punched or expanded shape, a lath body, a porous body, a foamed body, a formed body of fiber groups, and the like. There may be.

  The heat distortion temperature and the heat shrinkage mean values obtained by the following method. The heat deformation temperature means a temperature at which the resin layer (resin film) starts to shrink (the same applies to the separator described later).

  The heat distortion temperature is kept at a constant temperature for a certain time in a thermostatic chamber, the heat shrinkage rate is measured, the temperature is increased if not contracted, the temperature is decreased if contracted, and this is repeated. To measure. Specifically, a resin film is hold | maintained for 15 minutes, for example at 100 degreeC, and the thermal contraction rate of a resin film is measured. When the heat shrinkage rate at this time is 20% or less, the temperature is raised to 105 ° C. using a new sample, and the heat shrinkage rate is measured after maintaining at this temperature for 15 minutes. This process is repeated until the temperature reaches 150 ° C., and the temperature at which the heat shrinkage rate becomes 10% or more is defined as the heat distortion temperature.

  Moreover, the measurement of a thermal contraction rate attaches two points on the resin film at intervals of 50 mm or more, for example, and measures the distance between both points using a caliper. Then, after heat-processing for 15 minutes at 120 degreeC (180 degreeC also about the separator mentioned later), the distance between the same points is measured again, and a thermal contraction rate is calculated | required based on the measured value before and behind heat processing. Based on this method, the distance between three or more points is measured for each of the plane directions (for example, the vertical direction and the horizontal direction) of the resin layer (resin film), and the average of the thermal contraction rate calculated from each measurement result The value is adopted as the heat shrinkage rate of the final resin film. At this time, for each of the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction of the resin film, at least two points within 10% from the end of the resin film and one point around 50% from the end of the resin film are measured for the distance between the points. Select as a point. Any large value in the plane direction (for example, the vertical direction and the horizontal direction) is defined as the heat shrinkage rate.

The positive electrode active material layer 12 includes a positive electrode active material that can occlude and release lithium ions. Examples of the positive electrode active material include an oxide containing lithium. Specific examples include LiCoO ₂ , LiFeO ₂ , LiMnO ₂ , LiMn ₂ O ₄ , and compounds in which transition metals in these oxides are partially substituted with other metal elements. Among these, in a normal use, it is preferable to use a material that can utilize 80% or more of the amount of lithium held by the positive electrode for the battery reaction. As a result, the safety of the secondary battery against accidents such as overcharging can be enhanced. Examples of such a positive electrode active material include a compound having a spinel structure such as LiMn ₂ O ₄ and Li _x MPO ₄ (M is at least one selected from Co, Ni, Mn, and Fe). And a compound having an olivine structure represented by (element). Among these, a positive electrode active material containing at least one of Mn and Fe is preferable from the viewpoint of cost. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of safety and charging voltage, it is preferable to use LiFePO ₄ . In LiFePO ₄ , since all oxygen (O) is bonded to phosphorus (P) by a strong covalent bond, release of oxygen due to a temperature rise hardly occurs. Therefore, it is excellent in safety.

  The thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 12 is preferably about 20 μm to 2 mm, and more preferably about 50 μm to 1 mm.

  Further, the configuration of the positive electrode active material layer 12 is not particularly limited as long as it includes at least the positive electrode active material. For example, the positive electrode active material layer 12 may include other materials such as a conductive material, a thickener, and a binder in addition to the positive electrode active material.

  The conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductive material that does not adversely affect the battery performance of the positive electrode 10. For example, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite), carbon fiber, etc. These carbonaceous materials or conductive metal oxides can be used. Among these, as the conductive material, carbon black and acetylene black are preferable from the viewpoints of electron conductivity and coatability.

  As the thickener, for example, polyethylene glycols, celluloses, polyacrylamides, poly N-vinyl amides, poly N-vinyl pyrrolidones and the like can be used. Among these, as the thickener, celluloses such as polyethylene glycols and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are preferable, and CMC is particularly preferable.

  The binder serves to bind the active material particles and the conductive material particles, for example, a fluorine-based polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl pyridine, polytetrafluoroethylene, or a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. A polymer, styrene butadiene rubber, or the like can be used.

  Examples of the solvent for dispersing the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, the binder, and the like include, for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, N, Organic solvents such as N-dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran can be used.

  The positive electrode 10 described above is obtained by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a thickener and a binder, and adding a suitable solvent to form a paste-like positive electrode mixture. It is formed by compressing to dry the electrode and increasing the electrode density as necessary.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the positive electrode 10 has a substantially rectangular shape in plan view. The width W1 in the Y direction of the positive electrode 10 is, for example, about 100 mm, and the length L1 in the X direction is, for example, about 150 mm. Further, in the application region (formation region) of the positive electrode active material layer 12, the width W11 in the Y direction is the same as the width W1 of the positive electrode 10, for example, about 100 mm, and the length L11 in the X direction is, for example, It is about 135 mm.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the positive electrode 10 has the surface of the positive electrode current collector 11 (conductive layer 14) exposed on one end side in the X direction without forming the positive electrode active material layer 12. It has a current collector exposed portion (exposed region) 11a. A tab electrode 41 for taking out current to the outside is electrically connected to the current collector exposed portion 11a. The tab electrode 41 is formed in, for example, a shape having a width of about 30 mm and a length of about 70 mm.

  Moreover, in 1st Embodiment, the through-hole 11b penetrated in the thickness direction in the collector exposed part 11a of the positive electrode 10 is formed. The through holes 11b are formed so that the through holes 11b of the respective positive electrodes 10 are aligned (overlapped) when a plurality of the positive electrodes 10 are stacked. The conductive member 80 (through member 80a) (see FIG. 1) formed in a substantially rod shape is inserted into the through hole 11b of the positive electrode 10.

  The negative electrode 20 constituting the electrode group 50 has a configuration in which a negative electrode active material layer 22 is supported on both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 21 as shown in FIG.

  The negative electrode current collector 21 has a function of collecting current from the negative electrode active material layer 22.

  In the first embodiment, unlike the positive electrode current collector 11 (see FIG. 8), the negative electrode current collector 21 does not include a resin layer. That is, only the positive electrode current collector 11 (see FIG. 8) has a multilayer structure including a resin layer.

  Specifically, the negative electrode current collector 21 is made of, for example, a metal foil such as copper, nickel, stainless steel, iron, or a nickel plating layer, or an alloy foil made of these alloys, and has a thickness of about 1 μm to about 1 μm. The thickness is 100 μm (for example, about 16 μm). The negative electrode current collector 21 is preferably a metal foil made of copper or a copper alloy from the viewpoint that it is difficult to alloy with lithium, and the thickness thereof is preferably 4 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

  Moreover, the negative electrode current collector 21 has a film shape, a sheet shape, a net shape, a punched or expanded shape, a lath body, a porous body, a foamed body, a formed body of fiber groups, etc. in addition to the foil shape. There may be.

The negative electrode active material layer 22 includes a negative electrode active material that can occlude and release lithium ions. As the negative electrode active material, for example, a material containing lithium or a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium is used. In order to constitute a high energy density battery, it is preferable that the potential for insertion / extraction of lithium is close to the deposition / dissolution potential of metallic lithium. Typical examples thereof include particulate natural graphite or artificial graphite (scale-like, lump-like, fibrous, whisker-like, spherical, pulverized particle-like, etc.). As the negative electrode active material, artificial graphite obtained by graphitizing mesocarbon microbeads, mesophase pitch powder, isotropic pitch powder, or the like may be used. Further, graphite particles having amorphous carbon attached to the surface can also be used. Furthermore, lithium transition metal oxides, lithium transition metal nitrides, transition metal oxides, silicon oxides, and the like can also be used. For example, when lithium titanate typified by Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ is used as the lithium transition metal oxide, the deterioration of the negative electrode 20 is reduced, so that the life of the battery can be extended.

  The thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 22 is preferably about 20 μm to 2 mm, and more preferably about 50 μm to 1 mm.

  Further, the configuration of the negative electrode active material layer 22 is not particularly limited as long as it includes at least a negative electrode active material. For example, the negative electrode active material layer 22 may include other materials such as a conductive material, a thickener, and a binder in addition to the negative electrode active material. Note that other materials such as a conductive material, a thickening material, and a binder can be the same as the positive electrode active material layer 12 (that can be used for the positive electrode active material layer 12).

  The negative electrode 20 described above is obtained by mixing a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, a thickener and a binder, and adding a suitable solvent to form a paste-like negative electrode mixture. It is formed by compressing to dry the electrode and increasing the electrode density as necessary.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the negative electrode 20 has a substantially rectangular shape in plan view, and is formed slightly larger than the positive electrode 10 (see FIGS. 9 and 10). Specifically, in the first embodiment, the negative electrode 20 has a width W2 in the Y direction of, for example, about 110 mm, and a length L2 in the X direction is the length L1 of the positive electrode 10 (see FIG. 9). ), For example, about 150 mm. In addition, in the application region (formation region) of the negative electrode active material layer 22, the width W21 in the Y direction is the same as the width W2 of the negative electrode 20, for example, about 110 mm, and the length L21 in the X direction is, for example, It is about 140 mm.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, the negative electrode 20, like the positive electrode 10, is a collector in which the surface of the negative electrode current collector 21 is exposed at one end in the X direction without forming the negative electrode active material layer 22. It has an electric body exposed portion 21a. A tab electrode 42 for taking out current to the outside is electrically connected to the current collector exposed portion 21a. The tab electrode 42 is formed in a shape having a width of about 30 mm and a length of about 70 mm, for example, like the tab electrode 41.

  The separator 30 (see FIGS. 1 to 3) constituting the electrode group 50 is appropriately selected from, for example, electrically insulating synthetic resin fibers, non-woven fabrics such as glass fibers and natural fibers, woven fabrics, or microporous membranes. Is possible. Among these, non-woven fabrics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, aramid resins, and cellulose resins, and microporous membranes are preferable from the viewpoint of quality stability, and in particular, non-woven fabrics composed of aramid resins, polyester resins, or cellulose resins. A microporous membrane is preferred.

  The separator 30 preferably has a higher melting point than the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11. For example, the separator 30 is preferably configured so that the thermal contraction rate at 120 ° C. is smaller than that of the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11. For example, the separator 30 preferably has a thermal shrinkage rate of 1.0% or less at a temperature not higher than the heat deformation temperature (or melting point) of the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11. Furthermore, the separator 30 is preferably composed of a porous film containing an aramid resin, a polyester resin, a cellulose resin, etc., and its thermal shrinkage rate is preferably 1.0% or less at 180 ° C.

The thickness of the separator 30 is not particularly limited, but is a thickness that can hold a necessary amount of electrolyte and can prevent a short circuit between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20. Is preferred. Specifically, the separator 30 can have a thickness of 0.02 mm (20 μm) to 0.1 mm (100 μm), for example. The thickness of the separator 30 is preferably about 0.01 mm to 1 mm, and more preferably about 0.02 mm to 0.07 mm. The material constituting the separator 30 is such that the air permeability per unit area (1 cm ² ) is about 0.1 sec / cm ^{3 to} 500 sec / cm ³ while maintaining a low battery internal resistance. This is preferable because strength sufficient to prevent an internal short circuit can be secured.

  In addition, also about a separator, a heat-deformation temperature and a heat-shrink rate mean the value obtained by the method similar to the resin layer (resin film) mentioned above. When measuring the heat shrinkage at 120 ° C., heat treatment is performed at 120 ° C., and when measuring the heat shrinkage at 180 ° C., heat treatment is performed at 180 ° C.

  The separator 30 is larger than the application region (formation region) of the positive electrode active material layer 12 and is equivalent to the application region (formation region) of the negative electrode active material layer 22 or the application region (formation) of the negative electrode active material layer 22. (Region) has a larger shape. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 16, the separator 30 is formed in a rectangular shape, and the width W3 in the Y direction is, for example, about 110 mm, and the length L3 in the X direction is, for example, about 150 mm. Yes.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20 described above are arranged such that the current collector exposed portion 11 a of the positive electrode 10 and the current collector exposed portion 21 a of the negative electrode 20 are located on opposite sides. The separator 30 is laminated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

  Here, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the current collector exposed portion 11 a of the stacked positive electrode 10 is electrically conductive through the positive electrode current collector 11 having a multilayer structure in the thickness direction. A member 80 (penetrating member 80a) is provided. The conductive member 80 is inserted through the through hole 11b of the positive electrode current collector 11 so as to continuously penetrate all of the stacked positive electrodes 10 (electrodes 5 having the same polarity). Further, as described above, the conductive member 80 is made of a metal material that melts due to the heat generated inside the battery. As such a metal material (low melting point metal), for example, an alloy mainly containing any one of indium, zinc, gallium, tin, and bismuth can be used. Specifically, for example, tin-bismuth alloy (melting point: about 130 ° C. to 150 ° C.), indium (melting point: 156.4 ° C.) and the like can be mentioned. The conductive member 80 may have a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11, or may have a melting point lower than the melting point of the resin layer 13.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5, 11, and 12, the through hole 11 b of the positive electrode current collector 11 is formed to have the same diameter as that of the conductive member 80. The conductive member 80 is inserted into the through hole 11b, so that the surface (outer surface) of the conductive member 80 is in close contact (electrically in contact) with the inner side surface of the through hole 11b. Thereby, the conductive layer 14 on one side and the conductive layer 14 on the other side of the resin layer 13 in the positive electrode current collector 11 are electrically connected to each other via the conductive member 80, and the conductive member 80 is By continuously penetrating all the positive electrodes 10, all the stacked positive electrodes 10 are electrically connected to each other.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the conductive member 80 inserted through the through-hole 11 b is pressed in the thickness direction (see white arrow) by the welding machine 500, for example, so that the protruding portion of the conductive member 80. Is crushed and squeezed. Thereby, as described above, the tab electrode 41 for wiring connection is electrically connected to each of the positive electrodes 10 via the conductive member 80.

  The conductive member 80 that electrically connects the tab electrode 41 and the positive electrode 10 is provided at one location of the current collector exposed portion 11a of the positive electrode current collector 11, as shown in FIGS. Also good. The conductive member 80 may be provided at a plurality of locations on the current collector exposed portion 11a. Thus, by providing (penetrating) the conductive member 80 at a plurality of locations on the current collector exposed portion 11a, the contact resistance between the positive electrodes is reduced, so that the conduction between the electrodes (between the positive electrodes) is improved.

  In the positive electrode 10 of the electrode group 50, the above-described tab electrode 41 is welded and fixed to the outermost positive electrode 10 (the conductive layer 14 of the positive electrode current collector 11) via a conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal. . The tab electrode 41 may be fixed by welding to the positive electrode 10 in the intermediate layer instead of the outermost layer. Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 11, the tab electrode 41 is disposed so as to overlap the conductive member 80 at a substantially central portion in the width direction (Y direction) of the positive electrode current collector 11 (positive electrode 10). It is fixed. Thereby, all the laminated positive electrodes 10 (all the conductive layers 14) are electrically connected to the tab electrode 41 through the conductive member 80.

  Thus, in the first embodiment, since the tab electrode 41 is connected to the electrode (positive electrode 10) via the conductive member 80, the conductive member 80 is blown when abnormal heat is generated inside the battery. The current is cut off.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the plurality of negative electrodes 20 are stacked so that the current collector exposed portions 21 a are aligned, as with the positive electrode 10. The tab electrode 42 is fixed by welding to the outermost negative electrode 20 (negative electrode current collector 21). As in the case of the positive electrode, the tab electrode 42 may be welded and fixed to the negative electrode 20 of the intermediate layer instead of the outermost layer. Thereby, all the laminated negative electrodes 20 are welded and fixed to the tab electrode 42 and are electrically connected to the tab electrode 42. The tab electrode 42 is welded and fixed to a substantially central portion in the width direction (Y direction) of the negative electrode current collector 21 (negative electrode 20).

  The welding of the tab electrodes 41 and 42 is preferably ultrasonic welding, but may be other than ultrasonic welding. For example, laser welding, resistance welding, spot welding, or the like may be used. However, in the case where the tab electrode 41 is welded to the positive electrode current collector 11 with the resin layer 13 interposed therebetween, the resin layer 13 may be dissolved by a method of joining by applying heat such as laser welding, resistance welding, or spot welding. There is. Therefore, it is preferable to use ultrasonic welding without applying heat for the welding of the tab electrode 41.

  The tab electrode 41 connected to the positive electrode 10 is preferably made of aluminum, and the tab electrode 42 connected to the negative electrode 20 is preferably made of copper. The tab electrodes 41 and 42 are preferably made of the same material as the current collector, but may be made of different materials. Further, the tab electrode 41 connected to the positive electrode 10 and the tab electrode 42 connected to the negative electrode 20 may be made of the same material or different materials. In addition, the tab electrodes 41 and 42 are preferably welded to substantially the center portion in the width direction of the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 as described above, but are fixed to the regions other than the center portion by welding. May be.

  The nonaqueous electrolytic solution enclosed with the electrode group 50 in the outer container 100 (see FIG. 2) is not particularly limited, but examples of the solvent include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and diethyl. Esters such as carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dioxolane, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, methoxyethoxyethane, Polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, acetonitrile, methyl formate, and methyl acetate can be used. These solvents may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used as a mixed solvent.

The nonaqueous electrolytic solution may contain an electrolyte supporting salt. Examples of the electrolyte supporting salt include LiClO ₄ , LiBF ₄ (lithium borofluoride), LiPF ₆ (lithium hexafluorophosphate), LiCF ₃ SO ₃ (lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate), LiF (lithium fluoride), L ■ Cl (lithium chloride), LiBr (lithium bromide), LiI (
Examples thereof include lithium salts such as lithium iodide) and LiAlCl ₄ (lithium tetrachloride aluminate). These may be used singly or in combination of two or more.

  The concentration of the electrolyte supporting salt is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 mol / L to 2.5 mol / L, and more preferably 1.0 mol / L to 2.2 mol / L. When the concentration of the electrolyte support salt is less than 0.5 mol / L, the carrier concentration for carrying charges in the non-aqueous electrolyte is lowered, and the resistance of the non-aqueous electrolyte may be increased. Further, when the concentration of the electrolyte supporting salt is higher than 2.5 mol / L, the dissociation degree of the salt itself is lowered, and there is a possibility that the carrier concentration in the non-aqueous electrolyte does not increase.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the exterior container 100 that encloses the electrode group 50 is a large flat rectangular container, and an exterior can 60 that houses the electrode group 50 and the like, and a sealing plate that seals the exterior can 60 70. Further, a sealing plate 70 is attached to the outer can 60 containing the electrode group 50 by, for example, laser welding.

  The outer can 60 is formed, for example, by deep drawing or the like on a metal plate, and is formed in a substantially box shape having a bottom surface portion 61 and a side wall portion 62. As shown in FIG. 2, an opening 63 for inserting the electrode group 50 is provided at one end of the outer can 60 (the side opposite to the bottom surface portion 61). The outer can 60 is formed in such a size that the electrode group 50 can be accommodated so that the electrode surface thereof faces the bottom surface portion 61.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the outer can 60 has an electrode terminal 64 (for example, a positive electrode terminal) formed on a side wall 62 on one side (short side) in the X direction. An electrode terminal 64 (for example, a negative electrode terminal) is formed on the side wall portion 62 on the other side (short side) in the direction. In addition, a liquid injection hole 65 for injecting a nonaqueous electrolytic solution is formed in the side wall 62 of the outer can 60. The liquid injection hole 65 is formed in a size of φ2 mm, for example. A safety valve 66 for releasing the battery internal pressure is formed in the vicinity of the liquid injection hole 65.

  Further, a folded portion 67 is provided on the periphery of the opening 63 of the outer can 60, and the sealing plate 70 is fixed to the folded portion 67 by welding.

  The outer can 60 and the sealing plate 70 can be formed using, for example, a metal plate such as iron, stainless steel, and aluminum, or a steel plate obtained by applying nickel plating to iron. Since iron is an inexpensive material, it is preferable from the viewpoint of price, but in order to ensure long-term reliability, it is preferable to use a metal plate made of stainless steel, aluminum or the like, or a steel plate with nickel plated on iron. More preferred. The thickness of the metal plate can be, for example, about 0.4 mm to about 1.2 mm (for example, about 1.0 mm).

  The electrode group 50 described above is housed in the outer can 60 such that the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20 face the bottom surface portion 61 of the outer can 60. In the accommodated electrode group 50, the current collector exposed portion 11a of the positive electrode 10 and the current collector exposed portion 21a of the negative electrode 20 are electrically connected to the electrode terminal 64 of the outer can 60 via the tab electrodes 41 and 42, respectively. It is connected to the.

  In addition, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is injected, for example, under reduced pressure from the liquid injection hole 65 after the opening 63 of the outer can 60 is sealed by the sealing plate 70. Then, after a metal sphere having substantially the same diameter as the liquid injection hole 65 or a metal plate (not shown) slightly larger than the liquid injection hole 65 is installed in the liquid injection hole 65, the liquid injection hole is formed by resistance welding or laser welding. 65 is sealed.

  In the lithium ion secondary battery according to the first embodiment, as described above, by using a current collector having a multilayer structure as the positive electrode current collector 11, for example, when a local short circuit occurs between the electrodes, Since the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11 is melted and the electrode (positive electrode 10) is damaged, the current can be cut. Thereby, since the temperature rise inside a battery can be suppressed, it can prevent that abnormal states, such as ignition, arise.

  In the first embodiment, the tab electrode 41 is electrically connected to the current collector exposed portion 11a of the positive electrode 10 through the conductive member 80 (penetrating member 80a) made of a low melting point metal, thereby overcharging. When the temperature inside the battery rises for some reason such as a state, the conductive member 80 (penetrating member 80a) can be blown at the temperature inside the battery. Thereby, the electrical connection between the tab electrode 41 and the electrode (positive electrode 10) can be cut off.

  Thus, in the first embodiment, the current can be interrupted not only by the current collector 11 having a multilayer structure, but also by the conductive member 80 that connects the tab electrode 41 and the electrode (positive electrode 10). Safety can be further improved.

  Specifically, for example, in the case of a local short circuit in the electrode, the current can be interrupted by the positive electrode current collector 11 having a multilayer structure as described above. Can be suppressed. On the other hand, for some reason, it may be difficult for the positive electrode current collector 11 having a multilayer structure to suppress the temperature rise inside the battery. In such a case, since the internal current can be cut off by fusing the conductive member 80 by heat generation inside the battery, a temperature rise inside the battery can be suppressed. That is, when the inside of the battery (electrode) starts to heat up, the conductive member 80 is melted to prevent further voltage application. For this reason, the temperature rise can be stopped at a certain point. Moreover, since decomposition | disassembly of electrolyte solution can be suppressed by stopping temperature rise, the internal pressure rise resulting from decomposition | disassembly of electrolyte solution can also be suppressed.

  The tab electrode 41 (conductive member 80) connected to the stacked positive electrode 10 is a portion through which a total current flows, and thus a large current flows. Therefore, when an abnormal current flows, the amount of heat generated by the resistance also increases, so that the conductive member 80 can be melted by the heat. For this reason, even when an abnormal current flows, the current can be interrupted.

  In addition, since the conductive member 80 is provided inside the battery (near the electrode), the current interruption function by the conductive member 80 can be effectively activated against abnormal heat generation inside the battery. For example, since a large secondary battery also has a large outer container, when abnormal heat generation occurs inside the battery, it is difficult for heat to be transmitted to the outside of the battery. Therefore, for example, when a current interruption mechanism such as a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) element is provided outside the battery, it is difficult to detect abnormal heat generation inside the battery. On the other hand, in the first embodiment, since the conductive member 80 is provided inside the battery, it is possible to easily detect abnormal heat generation inside the battery and cut off the current.

  In the first embodiment, since the conductive member 80 is made of a low melting point metal (metal material) that melts due to heat generation inside the battery, abnormal heat generation of the battery can be easily suppressed, so that safety is improved. A more improved lithium ion secondary battery can be easily obtained.

  Here, since the positive electrode current collector 11 has a configuration (multilayer structure) in which the resin layer 13 is sandwiched between the conductive layers 14, as described above, when a plurality of electrodes are stacked, a tab for drawing out the wiring is provided. When the electrode 41 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 11, the electrodes cannot conduct each other. For this reason, when the collector which has a multilayer structure is used in order to improve safety, the problem that battery performance falls will arise.

  However, in the first embodiment, the conductive member 80 is configured as a penetrating member 80a, whereby the conductive layer on one side of the resin layer 13 in the positive electrode current collector 11 is interposed via the conductive member 80 (penetrating member 80a). 14 and the conductive layer 14 on the other side can be electrically connected. For this reason, the current collector (positive electrode current collector 11) having a multilayer structure is used by continuously penetrating all the stacked positive electrodes 10 (positive electrode current collector 11) with the penetrating member 80a. Even in the case where a plurality of electrodes are stacked, conduction between the stacked electrodes can be achieved. Thereby, the tab electrode 41 can be electrically connected to all of the plurality of stacked electrodes (positive electrode 10). Therefore, since the deterioration of battery performance can be suppressed, the performance of the lithium ion secondary battery can be fully utilized.

  In the first embodiment, by providing the conductive member 80, for example, when the tab electrode 41 is connected to the electrode (positive electrode 10) by ultrasonic welding, the contact between the tab electrode 41 and the electrode (positive electrode 10). Resistance and contact resistance between electrodes can be reduced. Thereby, the tab electrode 41 can be firmly connected to the electrode (positive electrode 10). In addition, by firmly connecting the tab electrode 41 to the electrode (positive electrode 10), it is possible to suppress a decrease in battery capacity due to an increase in contact resistance.

  In the first embodiment, the conductive member 80 is easily made of the current collector by forming in the positive electrode current collector 11 a through-hole 11b into which the conductive member 80 (penetrating member 80a) is inserted in advance. It can penetrate in the thickness direction. Thereby, the conductive layer 14 on one side of the resin layer 13 in the positive electrode current collector 11 and the conductive layer 14 on the other side can be easily electrically connected.

  In addition, if the conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal has a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11, it is difficult to prevent the current collector 11 having a multilayer structure. Abnormal heat generation inside the battery can be prevented by fusing the conductive member 80. Thereby, safety can be improved more easily. On the other hand, if the conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal has a melting point lower than the melting point of the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11, the conductive member 80 is melted before the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11 is melted. 80 can be melted. For this reason, even when comprised in this way, the safety | security of a lithium ion secondary battery can be improved more.

  Moreover, in 1st Embodiment, the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode electrical power collector 11 is comprised from a thermoplastic resin, and the thermal contraction rate in 120 degreeC is any direction of a plane direction (for example, the vertical direction and a horizontal direction). By configuring so that it becomes 1.5% or more, for example, when abnormal heat generation occurs in an overcharged state or a high temperature state, the electrode can be easily damaged. Thereby, since it is possible to effectively prevent an abnormal state such as ignition, the safety of the lithium ion secondary battery can be effectively improved.

  Further, if the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11 is made of a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, a resin containing any of polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, or polyamide, or a composite material thereof, it is easy. In addition, the safety of the lithium ion secondary battery can be improved.

  In the first embodiment, the separator 30 is configured such that the thermal contraction rate at 120 ° C. is smaller than the resin layer 13 of the positive electrode current collector 11, so that the shutdown function of the separator 30 is activated. The resin layer 13 constituting the current collector of the positive electrode 10 can be fused. Thereby, the current interruption effect by the resin layer 13 and the separator 30 makes it possible to interrupt the current in two stages, so that the safety of the lithium ion secondary battery can be further improved.

  If the thermal contraction rate at 180 ° C. of the separator 30 is 1.0% or less, an internal short circuit caused by thermal contraction of the separator 30 when abnormal heat generation occurs in an overcharged state or a high temperature state. Since generation | occurrence | production of (the internal short circuit of the battery produced in an electrode edge part) can be suppressed, it can suppress that a rapid temperature rise arises. As a result, the safety of the lithium ion secondary battery can be further improved. Further, if configured in this manner, the melting / fluidization of the separator 30 can be suppressed even at a temperature of 180 ° C., resulting in a disadvantage that the pores of the separator 30 are enlarged due to the melting / fluidization. Can be suppressed. For this reason, when the inside of the battery reaches 180 ° C., even if the electrode (positive electrode 10) is not damaged for some reason, the short-circuited portion of the positive and negative electrodes is caused by the large hole in the separator 30. It is also possible to suppress the inconvenience of spreading.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a perspective view schematically showing a part of the electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 19 and 20 are cross-sectional views illustrating a lithium ion secondary battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Next, with reference to FIG. 3 and FIGS. 17-20, the lithium ion secondary battery by 2nd Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. In addition, in each figure, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to a corresponding component, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

  In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17, a conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal is composed of a metal foil 80b. The conductive member 80 is disposed between each of the stacked positive electrode current collectors 11. In addition, the plurality of conductive members 80 formed in a foil shape are arranged so as to extend (extend) to the outside of the positive electrode current collector 11 (on the side opposite to the active material layer 12). Specifically, for example, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the conductive member 80 is formed in a substantially strip shape (band shape), and the conductive member 80 is arranged so as to be shifted in the X direction. Thereby, the conductive member 80 extends (extends) to the outside of the positive electrode current collector 11.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the plurality of conductive members 80 are configured to collect the positive electrode 10 (the positive electrode current collector 11) in a portion (welding region M <b> 1) disposed between the positive electrode current collectors 11. It is fixed by welding to the electric body exposed portion 11a. Each extending portion of the plurality of conductive members 80 is fixed to the tab electrode 41 by welding. That is, one end of the conductive member 80 is welded and fixed to the positive electrode 10 in the welding region M1, and the other end of the conductive member 80 is welded and fixed to the tab electrode 41 in the welding region M2. ing. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 20, one end portion of the conductive member 80 is pressed together with the positive electrode current collector 11 in the thickness direction (see the white arrow) by the welding machine 500, for example. The member 80 and the positive electrode current collector 11 (current collector exposed portion 11a) are fixed by welding. Further, the other end of the conductive member 80 is pressed together with the tab electrode 41 in the thickness direction (see the white arrow) with the welding machine 500, for example, so that the conductive member 80 and the tab electrode 41 are fixed by welding. Yes. Thereby, the tab electrode 41 for drawing out the wiring is in a state of being electrically connected to the current collector exposed portion 11a of the positive electrode 10 through the conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 18, the welding location 200 is in a state of being depressed by the pressure during welding.

  As shown in FIGS. 17 and 19, the foil-like conductive member 80 is provided not only between the positive electrode current collectors 11 but also on the outermost (uppermost layer, lowermost layer) positive electrode 10 (the positive electrode current collector 11). It is also preferably arranged on the conductive layer 14). The thickness of the conductive member 80 (metal foil 80b) is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm, for example. In the second embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, since the conductive member 80 is not configured as a penetrating member, the positive electrode current collector 11 has a through hole 11b (FIG. 3) through which the penetrating member is inserted. Reference) is not provided.

  Other configurations of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, as described above, the tab electrode 41 is electrically connected to the electrode (the positive electrode 10) via the foil-like conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal, thereby the first embodiment. Similarly to the above, when the temperature inside the battery rises for some reason such as an overcharged state, the conductive member 80 can be melted at the temperature inside the battery. Thereby, the electrical connection between the tab electrode 41 and the electrode (positive electrode 10) can be cut off.

  Further, in the second embodiment, a foil-like conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal is disposed between the positive electrode current collectors 11 (current collector exposed portions 11a) in the plurality of stacked positive electrodes 10, and the conductive members By welding a part of 80 to the tab electrode 41, the conductive layer 14 of each positive electrode current collector 11 can be electrically connected to the tab electrode 41 via the conductive member 80. For this reason, even when the current collector (positive electrode current collector 11) having a multilayer structure is used, all the positive electrodes 10 can be electrically connected to the tab electrode 41, so that deterioration in battery performance is suppressed. be able to. As a result, the performance of the lithium ion secondary battery can be maximized.

  Other effects of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an electrode group of the lithium ion secondary battery according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 22 and 23 are diagrams for explaining a lithium ion secondary battery according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Next, with reference to FIGS. 21-23, the lithium ion secondary battery by 3rd Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. In addition, in each figure, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to a corresponding component, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

  In this 3rd Embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 21-23, in the structure of the said 2nd Embodiment, the metal foil 90 distribute | arranged between the positive electrode collectors 11 is made from metal materials other than a low melting metal. It is configured. The metal foil 90 is welded to the tab electrode 41 by a conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 23, for example, all metal foils 90 are bonded to the tab electrode 41 using a block-shaped conductive member 80 (80c). Thereby, the tab electrode 41 for drawing out the wiring is electrically connected to the current collector exposed portion 11a of the positive electrode 10 through the conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal. The metal foil 90 is an example of the “foil-like member” in the present invention. In addition, for example, ultrasonic welding or resistance welding can be used for welding the tab electrode 41.

  The metal foil 90 is made of, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy. However, the metal foil 90 may be other than aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and may be made of a metal material such as titanium, stainless steel, nickel, or an alloy thereof. Moreover, the thickness of the metal foil 90 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm, for example.

  Other configurations of the third embodiment are the same as those of the first and second embodiments.

  In the third embodiment, as described above, the metal foil 90 is connected to the positive electrode 10 such that a part of the metal foil 90 extends outside the electrode (positive electrode 10), and the metal foil 90 is extended. Is welded to the tab electrode 41 by the conductive member 80 made of a low melting point metal, so that the tab electrode 41 can be electrically connected to the electrode (positive electrode 10) through the conductive member 80. For this reason, when the temperature inside the battery rises due to some cause such as an overcharged state, the conductive member 80 can be melted at the temperature inside the battery. Thereby, the electrical connection between the tab electrode 41 and the electrode (positive electrode 10) can be cut off.

  In the third embodiment, a metal foil 90 is disposed between the positive electrode current collectors 11 (current collector exposed portions 11a) in the plurality of stacked positive electrodes 10, and a part of the metal foil 90 is used as a tab electrode. By welding to 41, the conductive layer 14 of each positive electrode current collector 11 can be electrically connected to the tab electrode 41 via the conductive member 80. For this reason, even when the current collector (positive electrode current collector 11) having a multilayer structure is used, all the positive electrodes 10 can be electrically connected to the tab electrode 41, so that deterioration in battery performance is suppressed. be able to. As a result, the performance of the lithium ion secondary battery can be maximized.

  Other effects of the third embodiment are the same as those of the first and second embodiments.

(Modification of the third embodiment)
24 and 25 are cross-sectional views schematically showing an electrode group of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a modification of the third embodiment.

  In the modification of the third embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, in the configuration of the third embodiment, a conductive member (conductive material) 80 (80d) made of a low melting point metal is melted to obtain a metal foil. 90 is joined to the tab electrode 41. Specifically, for example, using a conductive member (conductive material) 80 (80d) made of a low melting point metal, the metal foil 90 is joined to the tab electrode 41 in the manner of soldering.

  Other configurations in the modified example of the third embodiment are the same as those in the third embodiment. The effect of the modification of the third embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above description of the embodiments but by the scope of claims for patent, and further includes all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims for patent.

  For example, in the first to third embodiments (including modifications), an example in which the present invention is applied to a lithium ion secondary battery that is an example of a non-aqueous secondary battery has been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. First, the present invention may be applied to non-aqueous secondary batteries other than lithium ion secondary batteries. The present invention can also be applied to non-aqueous secondary batteries that will be developed in the future.

  In the first to third embodiments (including modifications), an example in which the present invention is applied to a stacked type secondary battery has been shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other than the stacked type, for example, The present invention may be applied to a wound type secondary battery.

  Moreover, in the said 1st-3rd embodiment (a modification is included), although the example which used the film-form resin layer for the resin layer (insulating layer) of the electrical power collector was shown, this invention is not limited to this. In addition to the film shape, for example, a fibrous resin layer may be used. As a fibrous resin layer, the layer which consists of a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric etc. is mentioned, for example.

  In the first to third embodiments (including modifications), the positive electrode current collector is shown in a multilayer structure including a resin layer and a conductive layer, but the present invention is not limited thereto, The current collector on the negative electrode side may have a multilayer structure including a resin layer and a conductive layer. For example, both the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be formed using a current collector having a multilayer structure (three-layer structure), or one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode has a multilayer structure (three-layer structure). You may form using. When one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is formed using a current collector having a multilayer structure (three-layer structure), the positive electrode side is formed using a current collector having a multilayer structure (three-layer structure). Is preferred.

  Further, when the current collector on the negative electrode side has a multilayer structure, the conductive layer is preferably made of copper or a copper alloy. Specifically, for example, a copper foil or a copper alloy foil having a thickness of about 4 μm to about 10 μm is preferably used as the conductive layer. The conductive layer of the negative electrode current collector may be other than copper or a copper alloy, and may be composed of, for example, nickel, stainless steel, iron, or an alloy thereof. The resin layer of the negative electrode current collector can be, for example, the same as the resin layer of the positive electrode current collector (that can be used for the resin layer of the positive electrode current collector 11).

  When the current collector on the negative electrode side has a multi-layer structure, it is laminated via a conductive member in the same manner as the positive electrode (positive current collector) shown in the first to third embodiments (including modifications). It is preferable that the plurality of electrodes (negative electrode) and the tab electrode are electrically connected.

  In the first to third embodiments (including modifications), a material that can be melted at a desired temperature can be appropriately used for the low-melting-point metal constituting the conductive member.

  Moreover, in the said 1st-3rd embodiment (a modification is included), although the example which comprised the electrically-conductive member (conductive material) from the low melting metal was shown, resistance increases according to the said temperature change with the said electrically-conductive member. You may comprise from the material to do. Specifically, for example, the conductive member may be made of a PTC material. According to this structure, when the temperature inside the battery rises for some reason, the resistance of the conductive member (conductive material) increases at the temperature inside the battery. Can be blocked. In addition, when an abnormal current flows through the electrode, the resistance of the conductive member (conductive material) may increase due to the current. Even in such a case, conduction between the tab electrode and the electrode can be interrupted. In addition to the PTC material (PTC element), the conductive member may be, for example, a temperature sensitive element such as a bimetal, a fuse, or the like.

  Moreover, in the said 1st-3rd embodiment (a modification is included), the tab electrode showed the example electrically connected to all the electrodes (positive electrode) laminated | stacked via the conductive member. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the tab electrode may be configured to be electrically connected to at least some of the electrodes (conductive layer) via a conductive member. For example, taking the second embodiment as an example, a portion of the tab electrode 41 is connected to the uppermost positive electrode 10 (the current collector exposed portion 11a of the positive electrode current collector 11) as shown in FIG. It can also be configured. In this case, even if the conductive member melts due to abnormal heat generation inside the battery, the tab electrode 41 is connected to the uppermost positive electrode 10. However, since the positive electrode current collector 11 has a multilayer structure having the resin layer 13, the electrical connection with the lower layer positive electrode 10 is interrupted. For this reason, even when comprised in this way, safety | security can be improved more. Moreover, if comprised in this way, since the connection strength of the tab electrode 41 can be improved, durability and vibration resistance can also be improved. As shown in FIG. 27, also in the configuration of the third embodiment, part of the tab electrode 41 is connected to the uppermost positive electrode 10 (the current collector exposed portion 11a of the positive electrode current collector 11). Can be configured. The same applies to the configuration of the first embodiment.

  Moreover, in the said 1st-3rd embodiment (a modification is included), although the example which used the flat rectangular container for the exterior container which accommodates an electrode group was shown, this invention is not limited to this, The shape of an exterior container May be other than a flat square. For example, the outer container may be a thin flat tube type, a cylindrical type, a rectangular tube type, or the like. However, in the case of a large-sized lithium ion secondary battery, since it is often used as an assembled battery, it is preferably a thin flat type or a square type. Further, the outer container may be an outer container using a laminated sheet, for example, in addition to a metal can.

  In the first to third embodiments (including modifications), the negative electrode (negative electrode active material layer) is configured to be larger than the positive electrode (positive electrode active material layer). The (negative electrode active material layer) and the positive electrode (positive electrode active material layer) may be configured to have the same size. However, the negative electrode (negative electrode active material layer) is preferably configured to be larger than the positive electrode (positive electrode active material layer). With this configuration, the positive electrode active material layer formation region (positive electrode active material region) is covered with a large area negative electrode active material layer formation region (negative electrode active material region), thereby allowing for stacking deviation. The range can also be expanded.

  In addition, in the said 1st-3rd embodiment (a modification is included), not only the shape of an exterior container but a magnitude | size, a structure, etc. can be variously changed. Further, the shape, size, number of sheets used, etc. of the electrodes (positive electrode, negative electrode) can be changed as appropriate. Furthermore, the shape and dimensions of the separator can be changed as appropriate. Examples of the shape of the separator include various shapes such as a rectangle such as a square or a rectangle, a polygon, and a circle.

  Moreover, in the said 1st-3rd embodiment (a modification is included), although the example which formed the active material layer on both surfaces of the electrical power collector was shown, this invention is not restricted to this, On the single surface of an electrical power collector. Only the active material layer may be formed. Moreover, you may comprise so that the electrode (positive electrode, negative electrode) which formed the active material layer only in the single side | surface of a collector may be included in a part of electrode group.

  Moreover, in the said 1st-3rd embodiment (a modification is included), although the example which used non-aqueous electrolyte as an electrolyte of a lithium ion secondary battery was shown, this invention is not limited to this, Non-aqueous electrolysis For example, a gel electrolyte, a polymer solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, a molten salt, or the like other than the liquid may be used as the electrolyte.

  Moreover, in the said 1st Embodiment, although the structure which penetrated all the laminated electrodes (current collector) with the electrically-conductive member (penetrating member) was shown, this invention is not limited to this, The laminated electrode (current collector) ) May be configured to penetrate through a penetrating member. For example, a plurality of stacked electrodes (current collectors) are divided into a plurality of groups (groups), and the electrodes (current collectors) are penetrated by conductive members (penetrating members) for each group (for each group). Also good. That is, the conductive member (penetrating member) only needs to be configured to continuously penetrate two or more electrodes (current collectors).

  Note that embodiments obtained by appropriately combining the techniques disclosed above are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Electrode 10 Positive electrode 11 Positive electrode collector 11a Current collector exposed part 11b Through-hole 12 Positive electrode active material layer 13 Resin layer (insulating layer)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 14 Conductive layer 20 Negative electrode 21 Negative electrode collector 21a Current collector exposed part 22 Negative electrode active material layer 30 Separator 41, 42 Tab electrode 50 Electrode group 60 Exterior can 61 Bottom face part 62 Side wall part 63 Opening part 64 Electrode terminal 65 Injection hole 66 Safety valve 67 Folded part 70 Sealing plate 80 Conductive member (conductive material)
80a Penetration member (conductive material)
80b Metal foil (conductive material)
90 Metal foil (foil-like member)
100 exterior container 200 welding location 500 welding machine

Claims (20)

An electrode including a current collector having a multilayer structure in which an insulating layer is sandwiched between conductive layers; and an active material layer formed on the current collector;
A tab electrode for wiring lead connected to the electrode;
The non-aqueous secondary battery, wherein the tab electrode is electrically connected to the electrode through a conductive material made of a low melting point metal.   The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the low-melting-point metal is made of a metal material that melts due to heat generated in the battery. A plurality of the electrodes are stacked,
The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the tab electrode is electrically connected to at least a part of the plurality of electrodes via the conductive material. .   The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material is configured as a penetrating member that penetrates the electrode in a thickness direction. A plurality of the electrodes are stacked,
The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the penetrating member continuously penetrates the plurality of electrodes in the thickness direction. The conductive material is formed in a foil shape, and is connected to the electrode so that a part thereof extends to the outside of the electrode,
The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein an extended portion of the conductive material is connected to the tab electrode. A plurality of the electrodes are laminated, and the foil-like conductive material is disposed between each of the electrodes,
The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein each of the extended portions of the conductive material is welded to the tab electrode. It further comprises a foil-like member composed of a conductive material,
The foil-like member is connected to the electrode such that a part thereof extends to the outside of the electrode,
The extended portion of the foil-like member is welded to the tab electrode by the conductive material made of a low melting point metal. Water-based secondary battery.   The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of the electrodes are stacked, and the foil-like member is disposed between each of the electrodes.   The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material made of the low melting point metal has a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of the insulating layer of the current collector.   The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material made of the low melting point metal has a melting point lower than the melting point of the insulating layer of the current collector.   The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the low-melting-point metal is made of an alloy mainly containing any one of indium, zinc, gallium, tin, and bismuth. . The electrode includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode,
The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is formed using the current collector having a multilayer structure.   The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer of the current collector is made of a film-like or fibrous resin.   The insulating layer of the current collector is made of a thermoplastic resin, and has a thermal shrinkage rate at 120 ° C of 1.5% or more in any direction of the plane direction. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to any one of the above.   The insulating layer of the current collector is made of a resin containing any of polyolefin resins, a resin containing any of polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, or polyamide, or a composite material thereof. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to any one of -15. The electrode includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and further includes a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the separator has a thermal shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. smaller than that of the insulating layer of the current collector.   The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 17, wherein the separator has a thermal shrinkage rate at 180 ° C. of 1.0% or less.   The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the separator includes any one of an aramid resin, a polyester resin, and a cellulose resin. An electrode including a current collector having a multilayer structure in which an insulating layer is sandwiched between conductive layers; and an active material layer formed on the current collector;
A tab electrode for wiring lead connected to the electrode;
The non-aqueous secondary battery, wherein the tab electrode is electrically connected to the electrode through a conductive material whose resistance increases in response to a temperature change.

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