JP2012073016A - Thermal decomposition device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermal decomposition device capable of efficiently burning wastes such as waste plastic, waste timber, garbage, waste paper, and viscous sludge.SOLUTION: The thermal decomposition device includes a cylindrical treatment chamber with a bottom for thermally decomposing wastes, a magnetism acting means which is disposed in the bottom plate of the treatment chamber to make magnetism act on the wastes, a heat insulating material layer l laid around the magnetism acting means on the bottom plate of the treatment chamber, and an air introduction tube disposed on the side face of the treatment chamber. The magnetism acting means includes a magnet disposed so an N pole and an S pole are vertically directed, a heat insulating layer ll to cover the magnet, and a paramagnetic plate-like body disposed near the magnet above the magnet so as to be magnetically induced by the magnet.

Description

  The present invention relates to a thermal decomposition apparatus, and more particularly to a thermal decomposition apparatus with high combustion efficiency using oxygen.

  When waste is incinerated, the generation of dioxins due to the combustion of waste becomes a major environmental problem. As a method for suppressing the generation of dioxins, high-temperature treatment of waste can be mentioned. However, when industrial waste containing waste plastic is incinerated, the temperature of the incinerator becomes extremely high. For this reason, an incinerator with excellent heat resistance is required, and installation of such an incinerator requires a large amount of capital investment and a licensing procedure, and therefore there is a problem that it cannot be easily installed. In addition, high-temperature treatment of waste requires a large amount of oil and electric power, which increases operating costs and makes waste disposal more and more difficult.

  In view of this, there has been proposed a thermal decomposition apparatus for thermally decomposing and ashing waste by magnetism without consuming a large amount of oil and electric power. For example, Patent Documents 1 to 5 disclose techniques for magnetizing air to be introduced by disposing a pair of magnets so as to sandwich a flow path of air to be introduced into the processing chamber. When the waste thrown into the processing chamber is ignited and heat treatment is started, the temperature in the processing chamber rises, and an upward air flow is generated from the bottom of the processing chamber. For this reason, it is described that magnetized air is sucked from a flow passage arranged at the lower part of the processing chamber, and that the thermal decomposition can be promoted by supplying the air whose oxygen concentration is increased by the magnetization to the waste. ing. Further, it is described that since negative ions are generated by magnetization and generation of benzene rings constituting dioxins is suppressed, dioxins are not generated and waste can be thermally decomposed at a low running cost.

  Of the main components constituting air, oxygen occupying 21% by volume is paramagnetic and magnetized in the direction of the external magnetic field and attracted to the magnet, but nitrogen occupying 78% by volume is diamagnetic and Magnetized in the opposite direction and repels the magnet regardless of whether it is an N or S pole. However, in the processing mechanism in which the separated oxygen and nitrogen are mixed and introduced into the processing chamber after applying an external magnetic field in the air introduction pipe, magnetized oxygen cannot be selectively supplied to the waste. There is a problem that processing efficiency is lowered.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 6 discloses a thermal decomposition apparatus provided with magnetic action means on a side wall, a bottom portion, and a pressure plate of a container-like treatment chamber into which waste is charged. The magnetic action means provided on the side wall of the processing chamber includes an air introduction tube for introducing air into the processing chamber and a magnet installed so as to sandwich the air introduction tube, and supplies magnetized air to the processing chamber. Further, the magnetic action means provided at the bottom of the processing chamber has a structure in which the space formed at the bottom of the processing chamber is filled with magnetized ceramic ash, and the magnetic action means provided at the pressure plate is formed inside the pressure plate. The space is filled with magnetized ceramic ash. Any ceramic ash to be filled uses the residue after being processed by this thermal decomposition apparatus.

  The waste thrown into the processing chamber is decomposed by magnetic field vibration at 300 ° C. to 350 ° C. while being compressed by a pressure plate. According to this apparatus, there is little residue after decomposition, and the running cost is low. . However, the method of thermally decomposing by magnetic field vibration at a low temperature of 300 ° C. to 350 ° C. has a problem that the treatment efficiency is low because it takes a long time to thermally decompose the waste.

JP 2007-209843 A Japanese Patent No. 4486671 Japanese Patent No. 4337128 Japanese Patent No. 4008181 Japanese Patent No. 4006427 JP 2009-172464 A

  The subject of this invention is providing the thermal decomposition apparatus which can incinerate wastes, such as a waste plastic, waste wood, garbage, waste paper, and adhesive sludge, efficiently.

  The thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention includes a bottomed cylindrical processing chamber that thermally decomposes waste, a magnetic action means that is disposed on the bottom plate of the processing chamber and acts on the waste, and is magnetic on the bottom plate of the processing chamber. A heat insulating material layer I laid around the action means and an air introduction pipe arranged on the side surface of the processing chamber. The magnetic action means includes a magnet arranged so that the N pole and the S pole face in the vertical direction, a heat insulating material layer II covering the magnet, and the magnet above the magnet so as to be magnetically induced by the magnet. A paramagnetic plate-like body arranged close to each other.

  A mode in which a plurality of magnetic action means are arranged and the paramagnetic plate-like body in the magnetic action means is arranged in a broken line shape in plan view is preferable. Moreover, the aspect which arrange | positions a magnetic action means embedded in the bottom plate of a process chamber is suitable. As the magnet, a neodymium magnet or a samarium cobalt magnet can be preferably used. In addition, the processing chamber is preferably configured such that the side walls and the inner wall of the ceiling surface are diamagnetic.

  The air introduction tube is disposed in one of two opposing surfaces of the side surface of the air introduction tube, and in the air introduction tube so as to be parallel to the air flow direction. A partition plate that separates into air A passing through the magnet side and air B other than air A; an introduction pipe that introduces air A into the lower part of the processing chamber; and an introduction pipe that introduces air B into the upper part of the processing chamber; The aspect provided with is preferable.

  As another preferred embodiment, the N pole of the magnet is disposed on one of the two opposing surfaces of the side surface of the air introduction tube, and the S pole of the magnet is disposed on the other side. The air introduction pipes are arranged in parallel so as to be parallel to the air flow direction, and air C and air D passing through the magnet side and air E other than the air C and air D at the part where the magnets are arranged. Two separation plates, an introduction pipe for introducing air C and air D into the lower part of the processing chamber, and an introduction pipe for introducing air E into the upper part of the processing chamber.

  The air introduction pipe preferably has an embodiment in which the inner wall is diamagnetic. Moreover, the aspect which has an inner wall surface parallel to a flat partition plate is suitable for an air introduction pipe | tube. It is effective if the magnet in the air introduction tube has a yoke surrounding the magnet.

  It is preferable that the thermal decomposition apparatus is provided on a side surface of the processing chamber and includes a magnetic action unit that acts on magnetism of waste. The magnetic action means arranged on the side surface of the processing chamber includes a magnet arranged so that the N pole and the S pole face the horizontal direction, a heat insulating material layer III covering the magnet, a heat insulating material layer III, and a side surface of the processing chamber. And a heat insulating material layer IV disposed between the heat insulating material layer IV and the side wall of the processing chamber from the magnet toward the inside of the processing chamber, and is magnetically induced by the magnet. An embodiment provided with a paramagnetic plate disposed close to the magnet is preferable.

  According to the present invention, since a large amount of oxygen is intensively supplied to the bottom of the processing chamber where the waste is located, the waste can be efficiently burned. Furthermore, when incinerating waste, fuel costs such as heavy oil can be reduced, and processing costs can be reduced. Moreover, generation of dioxins can be suppressed, and a thermal decomposition apparatus with low equipment cost can be provided.

It is an example of sectional drawing of the thermal decomposition apparatus of this invention. It is sectional drawing when the magnetic action means arrange | positioned at the thermal decomposition apparatus of this invention is cut | disconnected by the plane of a perpendicular direction. It is a conceptual diagram of preferable embodiment of an air introduction pipe | tube. It is sectional drawing in IV-IV of the air introduction tube 6 shown in FIG. 3, and is sectional drawing in the site | part which has arrange | positioned the magnet 6g and the partition plate 6h in the air introduction tube 6. FIG. It is a conceptual diagram of other preferable embodiment of an air introduction pipe | tube. It is sectional drawing in VI-VI of the air introduction pipe 6 shown in FIG. 5, and is sectional drawing in the site | part which has arrange | positioned the magnet 6g and the partition plate 6h in the air introduction pipe 6. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the other aspect of the thermal decomposition apparatus of this invention. It is sectional drawing when the magnetic action means arrange | positioned at the side surface of the thermal decomposition apparatus of this invention is cut | disconnected by the plane of a perpendicular direction.

  FIG. 1 is an example of a cross-sectional view of the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along a plane in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention has a bottomed cylindrical processing chamber 2 for thermally decomposing waste 1 and is disposed on a bottom plate 3 of the processing chamber 2 so that the waste 1 Are provided with magnetic action means 4 for applying magnetism. On the bottom plate 3 of the processing chamber 2, a heat insulating material layer I (shown as 5 in the figure) is laid around the magnetic action means 4, and an air introduction pipe 6 is provided on the side surface of the processing chamber 2. Although FIG. 1A shows an example in which the bottom plate 3 is horizontal, an inclined bottom plate may be used.

  FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view when cut along a horizontal plane. In the example shown in FIG. 1B, ten magnetic action means 4 are arranged on the bottom plate 3 of the processing chamber, and a heat insulating material layer I is laid around the magnetic action means 4. In FIG. 1B, waste is not displayed. When operating the thermal decomposition apparatus, the upper lid 7 is opened and the waste 1 is put into the processing chamber 2, and then ignited by a seed fire and heat treatment is started. Thermal decomposition is performed while supplying air from the air introduction pipe 6 disposed on the side surface of the processing chamber 2, and if necessary, gas generated during the processing is discharged from the exhaust port 8, and after predetermined processing is completed, Residue is removed from the outlet 9.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view when the magnetic action means disposed in the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention is cut along a plane in the vertical direction, and illustrates a mode in which a rectangular permanent magnet is used as the magnet, but an electromagnet is used as the magnet. You can also As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the magnetic action means 4 disposed on the bottom plate 3 of the processing chamber includes a magnet 4a and a heat insulating material layer II (indicated as 4b in the figure) covering the magnet 4a. And a magnetic plate-like body 4c. The magnet 4a is arranged so that the N pole and the S pole face the vertical direction, and the paramagnetic plate-like body 4c arranged close to the magnet 4a above the magnet 4a is magnetically induced by the magnet 4a. . For this reason, a magnetic field is formed on the magnetic action means 4.

  FIG. 2 shows a state in which the paramagnetic plate-like body 4c is not in contact with the heat insulating material layer II (indicated as 4b in the figure), but the paramagnetic plate-like body 4c and the heat insulating material are shown. An embodiment in which the layer II is in contact is also possible. In these cases, as shown in FIG. 2, the paramagnetic plate-like body 4c can be fixed to the heat insulating material layer II by the fixing member 4d. By fixing the paramagnetic plate-like body 4c to the heat insulating material layer II, it is possible to maintain the arrangement of the paramagnetic plate-like body when the waste is put into the processing chamber and when the residue after pyrolysis is removed. it can. On the other hand, the paramagnetic plate-like body 4c may be embedded and fixed in the heat insulating material layer II. According to this aspect, the paramagnetic plate-like body 4c can be brought close to the magnet 4a, and the magnetic induction effect of the magnet 4a on the paramagnetic plate-like body 4c can be enhanced.

  FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the upper end of the paramagnetic plate-like body 4 c protrudes from the surface of the heat insulating material layer I (shown as 5 in the figure) laid around the magnetic action means 4. On the other hand, the top end of the paramagnetic plate-like body can be in an aspect in which the heat insulating material layer I is buried, and in this aspect, the heat in the processing chamber is blocked by the heat insulating material layer I. The overheating of the paramagnetic plate can be avoided. Further, since overheating of the paramagnetic plate can be avoided, heat transfer from the paramagnetic plate to the magnet can be suppressed, and overheating of the magnet can also be suppressed.

Among oxygen and nitrogen, which are the main components of air, the magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic oxygen is + 107.8 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ³ / g, whereas the magnetic susceptibility of diamagnetic nitrogen is −0.43. Since × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ³ / g, oxygen is attracted to the magnet, but nitrogen repels the magnet. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), in the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention, a magnetic field is formed by the magnetic action means 4 disposed on the bottom plate 3 of the processing chamber 2, so that oxygen in the processing chamber 2 is magnetically affected. More oxygen is supplied to the waste 1 that is attracted onto the means 4 and located on the magnetic action means 4, and the waste 1 can be intensively and strongly burned by oxygen. In addition, oxygen generated by pyrolysis is also attracted onto the magnetic action means 4, so that pyrolysis of waste can be accelerated at an accelerated rate, thereby reducing fuel costs such as heavy oil and reducing processing costs. it can. Furthermore, since magnetized oxygen generates negative ions, generation of dioxins can be suppressed because generation of benzene rings constituting dioxin molecules is suppressed.

  Hydrocarbon molecules such as waste plastics and organic wastes are diamagnetic materials having no electron spin. When thermal decomposition starts in the processing chamber, temperature and infrared rays are generated, and by applying an external magnetic field to this, hydrocarbon molecules are excited, aligned with the external magnetic field, and the covalent bond loosens, so that the decomposition reaction occurs. Easy to proceed. On the other hand, since diamagnetic nitrogen is pushed to the upper part of the processing chamber by an external magnetic field, the concentration of nonflammable nitrogen is high in the upper part of the processing chamber, and the concentration of auxiliary twisting oxygen is lowered. Then, combustion is suppressed, the processing chamber is protected from overheating, deterioration of the processing chamber can be suppressed, and equipment costs can be reduced.

As a material used for the heat insulating material layer I, ceramic ash such as fly ash can be preferably used. Fly ash is collected by a dust collector out of coal ash generated when pulverized coal is burned at a coal-fired power plant, and is mainly composed of silica (SiO ₂ ) and alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ). It is a spherical fine powder having a diameter of 10 μm to 30 μm. By laying ceramic ash such as fly ash on the bottom plate of the processing chamber, preferably 100 mm to 200 mm, more preferably 130 mm to 170 mm, the heat insulation effect (heat retention effect) during processing can be enhanced. In addition, since a large amount of far-infrared rays are emitted from fly ash that has been heated at the time of thermal decomposition, it is converted into heat on the surface of the waste that has received far-infrared rays, and the thermal decomposition reaction can be promoted. Since fly ash has a melting point of 1300 ° C., it does not change even at a temperature during thermal decomposition (for example, 700 ° C. to 800 ° C.) and is excellent in transmission of a magnetic field from a magnetic action means.

When a permanent magnet is used as the magnet, a rare earth magnet is preferable in that the magnetism is strong. Rare earth magnets include neodymium magnets (Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B), samarium cobalt magnets (SmCo ₅ and Sm ₂ Co ₁₇ ), and praseodymium magnets (PrCo ₅ ). Magnets are preferred. Neodymium magnets can be preferably used because they have a high magnetic flux density and a very strong magnetic force, and those having a magnetic flux density of about 5750G (; 0.575T) can be easily obtained. Also, neodymium magnets can be preferably used in the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention in that the magnetic field extends over a wide range. When the magnetic field reaches a wide range, oxygen and nitrogen can be separated in a wide range in the processing chamber, so that a large amount of oxygen can be attracted and the effect of magnetic field alignment can be enhanced. Further, neodymium magnets are preferable because they have the largest coercive force among the magnets and little demagnetization. Since a neodymium magnet is easily rusted, an embodiment in which the surface is used after nickel plating is preferable.

  On the other hand, the neodymium magnet has a heat resistant temperature of about 120 ° C., and is likely to be thermally demagnetized. The magnetic force is reduced to 95% at 60 ° C. and is reduced to 90% at 100 ° C. Further, the Curie temperature is 310 ° C., and when the temperature exceeds 310 ° C., demagnetization occurs. Therefore, especially when using a neodymium magnet, it is necessary to pay attention to overheating of the magnet, and as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the magnet 4a is covered with a heat insulating material layer II (indicated as 4b in the figure). This embodiment is preferable. As the heat insulating material layer II, for example, a refractory brick or a castable is preferable in terms of high heat insulating properties and good magnetic field permeability from a magnet. When refractory bricks or castables are used as the heat insulating material layer II, although depending on the temperature in the processing chamber, overheating of the magnet can be avoided by coating with a thickness of 20 mm to 30 mm. A castable is a refractory material in which a hydraulic cement such as alumina cement and a refractory aggregate are mixed, and can be poured, smeared, sprayed, etc., and is preferable in that an integrally formed refractory wall can be formed. .

  In addition, a mode in which a paramagnetic plate-like body 4c is disposed above the magnet so as to be magnetically guided by the magnet 4a and a magnetic field is applied to the waste 1 by the plate-like body 4c is preferable. According to such an embodiment, the magnet 4a can be prevented from coming into direct contact with the heated waste 1 and the magnet can be prevented from overheating. For example, the waste can be pyrolyzed at 700 ° C. to 800 ° C. .

  As a method for avoiding overheating of the magnet, an embodiment in which a heat insulating material layer I is laid around the magnetic action means 4 on the bottom plate 3 of the processing chamber 2 as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, by disposing the magnetic action means 4 so as to be embedded in the bottom plate 3 of the processing chamber, heat radiation from the magnetic action means 4 is promoted through the bottom plate 3 having high heat conductivity. it can. As shown in FIG. 2B, such a heat dissipation effect is obtained by directly covering the bottom surface of the magnet 4a without covering the bottom surface of the magnet 4a with the heat insulating material layer II (indicated as 4b in the figure). By making it the aspect made to contact, it can raise further.

  The samarium cobalt magnet is preferable in that it has a magnetic force that is the same as that of the neodymium magnet having the strongest magnetic force, and a magnetic flux density of about 3700 G (; 0.37 T) can be easily obtained. The samarium cobalt magnet has a heat resistance temperature of 350 ° C., a Curie temperature of 700 ° C. to 800 ° C., and is preferable as a magnet for use in the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention in that the heat resistance strength is higher than that of the neodymium magnet. Even when a cobalt magnet is used, it is necessary to pay attention to heat insulation and heat dissipation depending on the temperature in the processing chamber.

  Since the permanent magnet generates a magnetic force not from the surface but from the corner (end), a rectangular magnet can be preferably used. In addition, the larger the size of the rectangular magnet, the stronger the magnetic force and the larger the range covered by the magnetic field. Therefore, a large-sized magnet is more preferable in the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention. In the case of a neodymium magnet, a size of 30 mm thickness × 200 mm length × 100 mm width can be easily obtained. In the case of a samarium cobalt magnet, a size of 10 mm thick × 20 mm long × 20 mm wide can be easily obtained.

  Although a normal iron plate can be used for the paramagnetic plate-like body, the temperature in the processing chamber may be set to 700 ° C. to 800 ° C. at the time of thermal decomposition, so that the corrosion resistance can be improved. SUS430-made plates or galvalume steel plates can be preferably used. For example, a paramagnetic plate having a width of 1 mm to 6 mm and a height of 50 mm to 80 mm can be used.

  For example, a rectangular neodymium magnet (thickness 25.4 mm × length 50.8 mm × width 50.8 mm, magnetic flux density 5850 G (; 0.585T)) is arranged so that the N pole and the S pole face the vertical direction, The permanent magnet is covered with a heat insulating material layer II (refractory brick) with a thickness of 25 mm. Next, a magnetic action means is created by fixing an iron plate (height 50 mm × width 6 mm × length 3800 mm) above the permanent magnet and on the heat insulating material layer II. In this magnetic action means, the iron plate-like body and the permanent magnet are close to each other (distance 25 mm), and the iron plate-like body is magnetically induced by the permanent magnet and is within a range of 700 mm horizontally from the iron plate-like body. Can exert a magnetic field. Therefore, in the case of a thermal decomposition apparatus in which a plurality of magnetic action means having such a configuration are arranged at the bottom of the processing chamber, the horizontal distance between the paramagnetic plates in the adjacent magnetic action means is such that the magnetic field is uniformly applied to the waste. It is preferably within 1400 mm (= 700 mm × 2). Also, by adjusting the specifications of the permanent magnet and the distance between the paramagnetic plate and the permanent magnet, the waste can be disposed even if the horizontal distance of the paramagnetic plate in the adjacent magnetic action means is within 2000 mm. It can be thermally decomposed uniformly.

  As the magnet, an electromagnet can be used instead of a permanent magnet. An electromagnet can generate a stronger magnetic force than a permanent magnet of the same size, and has no demagnetization, so that it can obtain an enormous magnetic force compared to a permanent magnet. Moreover, since the magnitude of the magnetic force can be adjusted by the energization amount, the energization amount can be adjusted according to the combustion state in the processing chamber, the amount of energy consumed can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced. Furthermore, electromagnets are generally less expensive than permanent magnets.

  The magnetic force generated from the electromagnet is proportional to the number of turns of the coil and the current to be energized. However, increasing the number of turns of the coil increases the length of the wire, and the electrical resistance increases in proportion to the length of the wire. It becomes larger and the energization amount decreases. Therefore, a mode in which the electric resistance of the coil is reduced and the energized voltage is increased is preferable in terms of obtaining a strong magnetic force. The iron core to be used has a larger magnetic permeability, and the larger the cross-sectional area, the greater the generated magnetic force. Moreover, since the surrounding magnetic field lines are collected by covering the coil with iron or the like, a strong electromagnet can be obtained. Also in the case of using an electromagnet, in order to protect the electromagnet from the high temperature in the processing chamber, a mode in which the above-described heat insulation and heat dissipation measures are taken as in the case of using a permanent magnet is preferable.

  The thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention preferably has a mode in which a plurality of magnetic action means are arranged on the bottom plate of the processing chamber and a paramagnetic plate in each magnetic action means is connected in that a magnetic field is uniformly applied in the processing chamber. . In addition, as shown in FIG. 1B, a plurality of magnetic action means 4 are arranged on the bottom plate 3 so that a magnetic field can be applied more uniformly in the processing chamber. The aspect which 4c arrange | positions in planar view broken line shape is preferable. In the example shown in FIG. 1B, since the processing chamber has a rectangular shape in plan view, the paramagnetic plate-like body 4c is arranged so as to be a dashed line in a rectangular shape in plan view. When the shape is a shape, the paramagnetic plate-like body is preferably arranged so as to be a broken line having a circular shape in plan view. In addition, magnetized oxygen can be collected in waste on the bottom plate, and diamagnetic nitrogen can be collected on the side and ceiling surfaces of the processing chamber, so that the side walls of the processing chamber and the inner wall of the ceiling surface are diamagnetic. Embodiments are preferred. Since copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), bismuth (Bi) and the like are diamagnetic materials, for example, by using an iron plate plated with copper or zinc, an inner wall is formed, so that Nitrogen-enriched air can be retained on the side and ceiling surfaces to protect the processing chamber from overheating, prolong the life of the processing chamber, and reduce the cost of the apparatus. Moreover, the aspect which makes a processing chamber a double structure is preferable at the point which improves a heat retention effect.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention supplies oxygen-enriched air to the lower part of the processing chamber 2 through the air introduction tube 6 a of the air introduction tubes 6 arranged on the side surface of the processing chamber 2. To do. For this reason, oxygen-enriched air is supplied onto the bottom plate 3 on which the waste 1 is located, and high-concentration oxygen is attracted by the magnetic action means disposed on the bottom plate of the processing chamber. It can be pyrolyzed. On the other hand, by supplying nitrogen-enriched air to the upper portion of the processing chamber by the air introduction pipe 6b and increasing the nitrogen concentration in the upper portion of the processing chamber, the life of the processing chamber can be extended and the apparatus price can be reduced.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the thermal decomposition apparatus includes magnetic action means 14 that is disposed on the side surface of the processing chamber 2 and applies magnetism to the waste 1. By providing the magnetic action means 14 in addition to the magnetic action means 4 that acts on the waste 1 and magnetizing the waste 1, it is possible to effectively use unburned gas and to efficiently decompose the waste. Can be increased. In particular, as shown in FIG. 7, when the amount of the waste 1 is relatively large, the effect of promoting the combustion of the surface of the waste 1 and the middle region is great.

  In addition, by providing the magnetic action means 14 on the side surface of the processing chamber 2, in cooperation with the magnetic action means 4, the temperature in the processing chamber 2 can be easily raised to a high temperature region of about 650 ° C. Waste disposal capacity can be further increased. Further, depending on the type of waste, the magnetic action means 14 may be used to treat the waste 1 such as natto waste and sticky sludge, such as natto scrap and sticky sludge, with less gaps through which oxygen-enriched air passes. This is particularly effective because thermal decomposition from the upper surface can be promoted. From this viewpoint, as shown in FIG. 7, it is preferable that the magnetic action means 14 is provided below the air introduction pipe 6a.

  The magnetic action means 14 is arrange | positioned at the side surface of the process chamber 2 of a thermal decomposition apparatus, as shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view when the magnetic action means arranged on the side surface of the thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention is cut along a plane in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic action means 14 includes a magnet 14a, a heat insulating material layer III (indicated as 14b in the figure) covering the magnet 14a, a heat insulating material layer III, and a side surface 13a of the processing chamber. A heat insulating material layer IV (indicated as 14 f in the figure) disposed between them and a paramagnetic plate-like body 14 c are provided. The magnet 14a is arranged so that the N pole and the S pole face the horizontal direction. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the paramagnetic plate-like body 14c is directed from the magnet (not shown) in the heat insulating material layer III (shown as 14b in the figure) to the inside of the processing chamber 2. Then, the heat insulating material layer IV (shown as 14 f in the figure) and the side wall of the processing chamber 2 are disposed to penetrate. By bringing the paramagnetic plate-like body 14c close to the magnet, the paramagnetic plate-like body 14c is magnetically induced by the magnet and can form a magnetic field.

  In this manner, as shown in FIG. 8, the magnet 14 a is composed of the heat insulating material layer III (indicated as 14 b in the drawing), the heat insulating material layer IV (indicated in the drawing as 14 f), and the side wall 13 of the processing chamber 2. While being protected from overheating, it can be decomposed thermally by applying a magnetic force to the waste. FIG. 7 shows an example in which the tip of the paramagnetic plate-like body 14 c protrudes from the inner wall of the processing chamber 2. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 8, a heat insulating material layer V (indicated as 15 in the figure) is formed inside the side wall 13 of the processing chamber, and the tip of the paramagnetic plate-like body 14 c extends from the heat insulating material layer V. Since it protrudes, the magnet 14a can be further protected from overheating.

  The heat insulating material layer IV and the heat insulating material layer V can be formed from, for example, glass wool, silica fiber, alumina fiber or the like. Glass wool is broadly divided into short fibers that are made into a cotton form by a centrifugal method and long fibers that are obtained by taking a melted raw material as a fillant and threaded with a sizing agent, and withstand high temperatures of 600 ° C. Silica fibers and alumina fibers are produced from silica or alumina as a raw material by melting, sol-gel method or the like, and the heat resistant temperature is 1000 ° C. or higher. Although the heat insulating material layer IV and the heat insulating material layer V differ depending on the temperature of the processing chamber, an excellent heat insulating effect is exhibited by setting the thickness to 30 mm to 70 mm. It is preferable that the heat insulating material layer V has a surface covered with a galvalume steel plate or the like.

  As the magnet, a permanent magnet or an electromagnet can be used, and FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment using a permanent magnet. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic action means 14 includes a casing 14e, and the magnetic action means 14 is fixed to the outer wall surface of the processing chamber by the casing 14e. FIG. 8 shows a state in which the paramagnetic plate-like body 14c is not in contact with the heat insulating material layer III (denoted as 14b in the figure), but the paramagnetic plate-like body 14c and the heat insulating material are shown. An embodiment in which the layer III is in contact with each other is also possible. In these cases, as shown in FIG. 8, the paramagnetic plate-like body 14c can be fixed to the heat insulating material layer III by the fixing member 14d.

  On the other hand, the paramagnetic plate-like body 14c may be embedded and fixed in the heat insulating material layer III. About these aspects, it is the same as that in the case of the magnetic action means 4 arrange | positioned on the baseplate 3 of the process chamber 2. FIG. As a material used for the heat insulating material layer III (denoted as 14b in the figure), a refractory brick or a castable is preferable because it has a large heat insulating effect and easily transmits a magnetic field. The preferred embodiments of the refractory brick and castable are as described above.

  FIG. 8 illustrates an example in which the tip of the paramagnetic plate-like body 14c protrudes from the surface of the heat insulating material layer V (indicated as 15 in the figure). On the other hand, it is also possible to adopt a mode in which the tip of the paramagnetic plate-like body 14c is buried inside the heat insulating material layer V. In this mode, heat in the processing chamber is blocked by the heat insulating material layer V. The overheating of the paramagnetic plate can be avoided. Further, since overheating of the paramagnetic plate-like body can be avoided, heat transfer from the paramagnetic plate-like body to the magnet can be suppressed, and overheating of the magnet can be suppressed.

A conceptual diagram of a preferred embodiment of the air inlet tube is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the air introduction pipe 6 includes a magnet 6g, a partition plate 6h, and introduction pipes 6a and 6b, and the raw material air is supplied as indicated by arrows. The magnet 6g is disposed on one of two opposing surfaces of the side surface of the air introduction tube 6. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the magnet 6g is arranged on the inner wall surface of the air introduction tube 6, but can also be arranged on the outer wall surface of the air introduction tube. The magnet 6g preferably has a magnetic flux density of 100T (; 10 ⁶ G) or more.

  Of oxygen and nitrogen, which are the main components of air, the magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic oxygen is different from that of diamagnetic nitrogen, so oxygen is attracted to the magnet, but nitrogen repels the magnet. As shown in FIG. 3, since the magnet 6g is disposed on one of the two opposing surfaces of the side surface of the air introduction tube 6, it can be separated into oxygen-enriched air and nitrogen-enriched air by the magnetic field of the magnet 6g. it can.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the partition plate 6h is disposed in the air introduction pipe 6 so as to be parallel to the air flow direction, and the air A (oxygen) passing through the magnet side at the portion where the magnet 6g is disposed. (Enriched air) and air B (nitrogen-enriched air) other than air A can be separated. Thereafter, air A (oxygen-enriched air) is supplied to the lower portion of the processing chamber through the introduction pipe 6a, and air B (nitrogen-enriched air) is supplied to the upper portion of the processing chamber through the introduction pipe 6b. An aspect in which the inner wall of the air introduction pipe and the partition plate 6h are diamagnetic is preferable in that air can be supplied efficiently.

  The lower part of the processing chamber 2 means the lower half of the processing chamber 2, and the aspect in which oxygen-enriched air is supplied to the upper surface of the waste 1 on the bottom plate 3 through the introduction pipe 6a promotes thermal decomposition of the waste. This is preferable. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), when the waste 1 is relatively small, oxygen-enriched air is introduced near the bottom plate 3 through the introduction pipe 6a, so that oxygen is introduced into the upper surface of the waste 1. Enriched air can be supplied. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, when the waste 1 is relatively large, an embodiment in which oxygen-enriched air is introduced to the surface of the waste 1 by the introduction pipe 6 a attached at the upper position is preferable.

  4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of the air introduction tube 6 shown in FIG. 3, and is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the air introduction tube 6 where the magnet 6g and the partition plate 6h are arranged. As shown in FIG. 4, the air introduction tube 6 has an inner wall surface 6f parallel to the flat partition plate 6h. By using an air introduction tube having such an inner wall surface, oxygen-enriched air can be separated more efficiently than when an air introduction tube having a circular inner wall surface is used. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the magnet 6g in the air introduction tube 6 preferably has a yoke 6i surrounding the magnet 6g in terms of reducing magnetic leakage and increasing the separation efficiency of oxygen and nitrogen.

  A permanent magnet such as a neodymium magnet or a samarium cobalt magnet can be used as the magnet 6g. Moreover, an electromagnet can be preferably used instead of a permanent magnet. Since the electromagnet can reduce the magnetic force to almost zero by stopping energization, the electromagnet is attracted to the electromagnet by intermittently energizing the electromagnet to efficiently treat the remaining oxygen-enriched air. It can be moved to the room.

FIG. 5 shows a conceptual diagram of another preferred embodiment of the air introduction pipe. As shown in FIG. 5, the air introduction pipe 6 includes a magnet 6g, two partition plates 6h, and introduction pipes 6c, 6d, and 6e, and the raw air is supplied as indicated by arrows. The magnet 6g is configured such that the N pole of the magnet is disposed on one of two opposing surfaces of the side surface of the air introduction tube 6 and the S pole of the magnet is disposed on the other side. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the magnet 6g is arranged on the inner wall surface of the air introduction tube 6, but can also be arranged on the outer wall surface of the air introduction tube. The magnet 6g preferably has a magnetic flux density of 100T (; 10 ⁶ G) or more. Of oxygen and nitrogen, which are the main components of air, oxygen is attracted to the magnet, but nitrogen repels the magnet. As shown in FIG. 5, since the magnet 6g is arrange | positioned on 2 surfaces which oppose among the side surfaces of the air introduction pipe | tube 6, it can isolate | separate into oxygen enriched air and nitrogen enriched air with the magnetic field of the magnet 6g.

  The two partition plates 6h are arranged in parallel in the air introduction pipe 6 so as to be parallel to the air flow direction. Air C (oxygen-enriched air) and air D (oxygen-enriched air) passing through the magnet side and air E (nitrogen-enriched) other than air C and air D at the part where the magnet 6g is disposed by the partition plate 6h Air). Thereafter, the air C (oxygen-enriched air) is supplied to the lower part of the processing chamber via the introduction pipe 6c via the introduction pipe 6a, and the air D (oxygen-enriched air) is supplied via the introduction pipe 6d to the treatment chamber via the introduction pipe 6a. It is supplied to the lower part of the hood and can enhance the thermal decomposition of the waste. On the other hand, air E (nitrogen-enriched air) is supplied to the upper part of the processing chamber through the introduction pipe 6b through the introduction pipe 6e. An aspect in which the inner wall of the air introduction pipe and the partition plate 6h are diamagnetic is preferable in that air can be supplied efficiently.

  6 is a cross-sectional view taken along VI-VI of the air introduction pipe 6 shown in FIG. 5, and is a cross-sectional view of the air introduction pipe 6 at a portion where the magnet 6g and the partition plate 6h are arranged. As shown in FIG. 6, the air introduction tube 6 has an inner wall surface 6f parallel to the flat partition plate 6h. By using an air introduction tube having such an inner wall surface, oxygen-enriched air can be efficiently separated. Also, as shown in FIG. 6, the magnet 6g in the air introduction tube 6 preferably has a yoke 6i surrounding the magnet 6g in terms of reducing magnetic leakage and increasing the separation efficiency of oxygen and nitrogen. A permanent magnet or an electromagnet can be used for the magnet 6g, and the advantages of using an electromagnet are as described above.

  A thermal decomposition apparatus with high waste combustion efficiency and low processing costs can be provided. In addition, it is possible to provide a thermal decomposition apparatus that generates less dioxin and has a low equipment cost.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste 2 Processing chamber 3 Bottom plate 4 Magnetic action means 4a Magnet 4b Thermal insulation material layer II
4c plate-like body 4d fixing member 5 heat insulating material layer I
6 Air introduction pipe 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e Introduction pipe 6f Inner wall surface 6g Magnet 6h Partition plate 6i Yoke 13 Side wall 13a Side face 14 Magnetic acting means 14a Magnet 14b Heat insulation material layer III
14c Plate-like body 14d Fixing member 14e Case 14f Thermal insulation material layer IV
15 Insulation layer V

Claims (12)

A bottomed cylindrical processing chamber for pyrolyzing waste,
Magnetic action means arranged on the bottom plate of the processing chamber and acting on the waste;
A heat insulating material layer I laid around the magnetic action means on the bottom plate of the processing chamber;
An air introduction pipe disposed on a side surface of the processing chamber;
A thermal decomposition apparatus comprising:
The magnetic action means includes
A magnet arranged so that the N pole and the S pole face the vertical direction;
A heat insulating material layer II covering the magnet;
A paramagnetic plate-like body disposed close to the magnet above the magnet so as to be magnetically induced by the magnet;
A thermal decomposition apparatus comprising:   The thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the magnetic action means are arranged, and paramagnetic plates in the magnetic action means are arranged in a broken line shape in plan view.   The thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic action unit is embedded in a bottom plate of a processing chamber.   The thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is a neodymium magnet or a samarium cobalt magnet.   The thermal decomposition apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the processing chamber has diamagnetic inner walls of a side surface and a ceiling surface. The air introduction pipe is
A magnet disposed on one of two opposing surfaces of the side surface of the air introduction tube;
A partition plate that is arranged in the air introduction pipe so as to be parallel to the direction of air flow and separates into air A passing through the magnet side and air B other than air A at the portion where the magnet is disposed,
An introduction pipe for introducing air A into the lower part of the processing chamber;
An introduction pipe for introducing air B into the upper part of the processing chamber;
The thermal decomposition apparatus in any one of Claims 1-5 provided with these. The air introduction pipe is
The N pole of the magnet is arranged on one of the two opposing surfaces of the side surface of the air introduction tube, and the S pole of the magnet is arranged on the other side
In the air introduction pipe, it is arranged in parallel so as to be parallel to the air flow direction, and air C and air D passing through the magnet side and air E other than air C and air D at the part where the magnet is arranged. Two partition plates that are separated into
An introduction pipe for introducing air C and air D into the lower part of the processing chamber;
An introduction pipe for introducing air E into the upper part of the processing chamber;
The thermal decomposition apparatus in any one of Claims 1-5 provided with these.   The thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein an inner wall of the air introduction pipe is diamagnetic.   The thermal decomposition apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the air introduction pipe has an inner wall surface parallel to the flat partition plate.   The pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the magnet in the air introduction pipe has a yoke surrounding the magnet.   The thermal decomposition apparatus in any one of Claims 1-10 provided with the magnetic action means which arrange | positions in the side surface of the said process chamber and acts on a waste material. Magnetic action means arranged on the side surface of the processing chamber,
A magnet arranged so that the N pole and the S pole face the horizontal direction;
A heat insulating material layer III covering the magnet;
A heat insulating material layer IV disposed between the heat insulating material layer III and the side surface of the processing chamber;
A plate-like body disposed through the heat insulating material layer IV and the side wall of the processing chamber from the magnet toward the inside of the processing chamber, and is disposed close to the magnet so as to be magnetically induced by the magnet. The thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 11, comprising a magnetic plate-like body.

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