JP2011527502A - 電源 - Google Patents
電源 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2011527502A JP2011527502A JP2011517235A JP2011517235A JP2011527502A JP 2011527502 A JP2011527502 A JP 2011527502A JP 2011517235 A JP2011517235 A JP 2011517235A JP 2011517235 A JP2011517235 A JP 2011517235A JP 2011527502 A JP2011527502 A JP 2011527502A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- elongated hollow
- power supply
- power source
- hollow fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BPKGOZPBGXJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zn] Chemical compound [C].[Zn] BPKGOZPBGXJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu] PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJEFKIVIMJHMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomercury;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Hg]=O SJEFKIVIMJHMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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- Y10T442/3089—Cross-sectional configuration of strand material is specified
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
【選択図】 図2
Description
図1は、基本的な電気化学セル10の構成の模式図を示している。これは、5つの要素から構成されている。即ち、外部容器を形成し且つ活物質を入れることができるケース12と、2つの電極14、16と、2つの電極を離すメンブレン18と、電解質20とである。利用可能な様々なタイプのバッテリは、亜鉛炭素;アルカリ;リチウムと、ヨウ化リチウムと、ヨウ化鉛との化学電池;鉛酸;ニッケルカドミウム;ニッケル水素;リチウムイオン;亜鉛空気;亜鉛酸化水銀;銀亜鉛;金属塩化物を含む。上記のうちの幾つかは、一次電池(シングルユーズ、使い捨て)と、他の二次(再充電可能)電池とである。
図4aの構成に対する変形として、繊維の内側表面上に第1の電極を堆積させて、次に、第1の電極の上に誘電体を置いて、前記誘電体上に第2の電極を堆積させることによって、同様のやり方で、コンデンサを構築することができる。これは、繊維の穴の中に同心円状の2つの電極を配置して、誘電材料の円筒型要素の両側面を挟んだ構造を提供する。電解質の代わりに、誘電体を用いて、図4bに示されているような他の構成を使用してもよい。
燃料電池は、電気化学セルであるが、バッテリとは対照的に、セルの中へ化学物質を連続的に流し込むことに依存する。図8には、燃料電池の主要な構成要素の模式図が示されており、アノード30と、カソード32と、電極を離している電解質34とを示している。水素は、使用されている燃料の中で最も一般的であって、アノードに流れて、水素イオンと電子とに解離する。プロトンは電解質を移動し、一方で電子は外部回路を流れて、電力を供給する。水素イオンは、例えば高分子フィルムであり得る電解質を通って拡散して、酸素及び電子と結合して、廃棄物として水を生成する。
光起電性エネルギは、主要な将来性のある再生可能燃料源である。太陽電池技術は、現在、シリコンベースの材料によって占められているが、これらは、製造が難しく、費用がかかる。グレツェルセル(Gratzel cell)は、シリコンセルに代わる低コストのセルを提供し、直接照明の条件の下でシリコンと同様の効率を示して、弱い照明の条件の下で向上した効率を示すことができるので、現在は、グレツェルセルが発展してきている。
図10に示されている構造を構築した。これは、2つの電極、CuとZnを含み、2つの電極は、水溶性硫酸銅と水溶性硫酸亜鉛とにそれぞれ浸されて、6mmのチューブ40内に取り込まれた硝酸カリウムの電解ゲルと結合される。ゲルを含む全ての試薬は、我々の研究所で用意した。電極を接続したときに、マルチメータによって約1.7Vの電圧が測定された。チューブを、1mmの内径まで、連続的により小さな直径の材料に置換した。これらの構造は、約1.5Vの電圧を提供した。チューブの長さは、数センチメートル、通常約15cmである。
Claims (28)
- 材料構造の中に組み込まれた少なくとも1本の細長い中空繊維を具備する、電源であって、
前記少なくとも1本の細長い中空繊維は、電力を蓄積又は発生することができる電気回路の一部を形成している、電源。 - 前記細長い中空繊維は、材料のマトリックスに含まれて、それによって繊維強化材料を提供する、請求項1に記載の電源。
- 炭素繊維と、ガラス繊維と、鉱物繊維と、セラミック繊維と、高分子繊維と、金属繊維とを含むグループから選択される材料で、前記細長い中空繊維が作られる、請求項1に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維は、前記細長い中空繊維の塊を含む材料を形成するために、織られ、編まれ、紡がれたフィラメントの巻線又はマットである、請求項1に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維は、電気化学セルの能動又は受動素子を形成している、請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維は、前記電気化学セルの一部を形成している電解質を含んでいる、請求項5に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維は、電解質を含んでいて、それぞれの電極を含んでいる2つの電解質コンパートメント間のイオンブリッジの役割をする、請求項6に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維を被覆するか、又は間隔を空けて位置する電導性電極領域を前記細長い中空繊維の上に堆積させる、請求項5又は請求項6に記載の電源。
- 前記間隔を空けて位置する電導性電極領域は、前記細長い中空繊維の向かい合っている内壁領域上に提供される、請求項8に記載の電源。
- 前記間隔を空けて位置する電導性電極領域は、前記細長い中空繊維に対して同心円状に配置されている、請求項8に記載の電源。
- 各細長い中空繊維は、前記細長い中空繊維の長さに沿って配置されている複数の電気化学セルを含む、請求項6乃至10の何れか1項に記載の電源。
- 繊維における前記電気化学セルの各々は、正の入力/出力端子と負の入力/出力端子との間に並列接続されている、請求項11に記載の電源。
- 繊維における前記電気化学セルの各々は、正端子と負端子との間に直列接続されている、請求項11に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維は、二次電池を構成している電気化学セルの一部を形成しており、
前記電源は、前記二次電池を充電する手段を更に含む、請求項5乃至13の何れか1項に記載の電源。 - 前記細長い中空繊維の少なくとも幾つかは、燃料電池の一部を形成している、請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維は、前記長さに沿って配置されている複数の燃料電池を含む、請求項15に記載の電源。
- 繊維における前記燃料電池の各々は、正端子と負端子との間に並列接続されている、請求項15又は16に記載の電源。
- 繊維における前記燃料電池の各々は、正端子と負端子との間に並列接続されている、請求項11に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維の少なくとも幾つかは、光電池の一部を形成している、請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維は、前記長さに沿って配置されている複数の光電池を含んでいる、請求項19に記載の電源。
- 繊維における前記光電池の各々は、正端子と負端子との間に並列接続されている、請求項19又は20に記載の電源。
- 繊維における前記光電池の各々は、正端子と負端子との間に直列接続されている、請求項20に記載の電源。
- 前記細長い中空繊維の少なくとも幾つかは、コンデンサの一部を形成している、請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の電源。
- 電力を蓄積又は発生することができる前記電気回路の一部を形成している前記細長い中空繊維の少なくとも幾つかは、正端子と負端子とに並列接続されている、請求項1乃至23の何れか1項に記載の電源。
- 電力を蓄積又は発生することができる前記電気回路の一部を形成している前記前記細長い中空繊維の少なくとも幾つかは、正端子と負端子とに直列接続されている、請求項1乃至24の何れか1項に記載の電源。
- 第1の中空繊維と第2の中空繊維とを含む電源であって、
前記第1の中空繊維と前記第2の中空繊維との各々は、
電気化学セルと、光電池と、燃料電池と、電荷蓄積デバイスとから選択される、それぞれの異なる電源の能動素子又は受動素子を形成している、請求項1乃至25の何れか1項に記載の電源。 - 請求項1乃至26の何れか1項に記載の電源を組み込んだ表皮要素を具備する、乗り物。
- 請求項1乃至20の何れか1項に記載の電源を具備する、衣服。
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