JP2011519869A - ワクチン組成物および方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2008年5月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第61/050,294号および2009年5月2日に出願された同第61/049,990号に基づき、これらの利益を主張し、上記米国仮特許出願の内容は、その全容が参照によって本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、ワクチンの分野、そしてより具体的にはアジュバント添加(adjuvanted)ワクチン組成物に関連する。
慢性感染性疾患またはがんを処置するために、免疫系の力を利用することが、免疫療法の主な目的である。ワクチン接種(能動免疫療法としても知られる)を、侵入病原体を特異的に認識し侵入病原体から保護するための免疫系を活性化するためにデザインする。200年以上にわたって、天然痘、狂犬病、腸チフス、コレラ、ペスト、麻疹、水痘、耳下腺炎、ポリオ、B型肝炎および破傷風およびジフテリア毒素を含む、多くの感染性疾患を予防するために、能動免疫療法アプローチが使われてきた。
1つの局面において、本発明は医薬品組成物を含む。その組成物は、アジュバントおよび1つまたはそれより多い抗原を含み、ここでそのアジュバントは、少なくとも一部は活性化T細胞である、生きた免疫細胞を含む。組成物の宿主への投与は、Th−1応答を生じる。
本発明は、医薬品ワクチン組成物、および患者において疾患に対する予防的および治療的Th1免疫を誘発し得る能動免疫療法の方法を提供し、同時に、疾患病原体および腫瘍の免疫回避メカニズムに打ち勝つ手段も提供する。本発明の医薬品組成物は一般的に:(1)1つまたはそれより多い抗原供給源;および(2)少なくとも一部がT細胞である、生きた活性化免疫細胞を含む。
(マウス)
雌性BALB/c(H2d)マウスを、National Cancer Institute(Bethesda、MD)から得て、そして7週齢で使用した。
Balb/cマウスから脾臓細胞を採取し、そして赤血球の溶解のために塩化アンモニウム−カリウム(ACK)緩衝液で処理した。脾臓あたり約7千万−1億個の細胞を単離した。次いでCD4+ T細胞を、MSカラム(Miltenyi Biotec、Germany)上のCD4免疫磁気粒子を用いて、ポジティブセレクションによって精製し(純度>98%)、約800万−1200万個のCD4細胞を、50〜60%の収率で単離した。Th1メモリー細胞を、3:1の、最初のビーズ:CD4細胞比で、抗CD3および抗CD28コーティング常磁性ビーズ(CD3/CD28 T細胞エキスパンダー(expander)ビーズ、Dynal/Invitrogen)を用いた増殖によって産生した。精製したCD4細胞を、10%FBS、ペニシリン−ストレプトマイシン−グルタミン、非必須アミノ酸(NEAA)(Biological Industries、Israel)および3.3mMのN−アセチル−システイン(NAC、Sigma)を含むRPMI1640培地(完全培地)中で、20IU/mLの組換え型マウス(rm)IL−2、20ng/mLのrmIL−7、および10ng/mLのrmIL−12(Peprotech、New Jersey)ならびに10μg/mLの抗マウスIL−4 mAb(Becton Dickenson)とインキュベートした。rmIL−2およびrmIL−7を含むさらなるサイトカインを含む完全培地を、3日目から6日目まで毎日CD4培地へ加え、細胞濃度を0.5〜1×106細胞/mLの間に維持した。さらなるCD3/CD28ビーズを、3日目から6日目まで毎日加えた。加えたビーズの数を計算して、細胞が増殖する間1:1のビーズ:細胞比を維持した。培養6日後、CD4細胞は約80から100倍に増殖し、そして物理的破壊および磁石上を通過させることによって、CD4細胞を採取および脱ビーズ化した(debead)。実験で使用した、採取した細胞の表現型は、>95% CD4+、CD45RBlo、CD62Llo、CD44hiであり、従って「メモリー細胞」と呼ぶ。
採取後および注射の前に、脱ビーズ化したTh1メモリー細胞を、2:1のビーズ:細胞比で、CD3/CD28 mAb結合体化微粒子(T細胞エキスパンダー、Dynal/Invitrogen)と、5%CO2中で、37℃で4〜6時間、cRPMI中2×106細胞/mlの密度で培養した。4時間後、その細胞はIFN−γを産生し、そして細胞表面上のCD40LおよびFasLの発現をアップレギュレートした。これらの実験で使用した架橋Th1メモリー細胞は、細胞表面上にFasLおよびCD40Lを発現し、そして2000ng/ml/106細胞/6hを超えるIFN−γおよび20pg/ml/106細胞/6hより少ないIL−4を産生した。
マウス白血病細胞系統12B1を、ヒトbcr−abl(b3a2)融合遺伝子によるBALB/c骨髄細胞のレトロウイルス形質転換によって得た。これらの細胞は、p210bcr−ablタンパク質を発現する。その細胞を、10%の熱不活性化胎仔ウシ血清(Gemini Bio−products、Woodland、CA)を添加したRPMI培地(Gibco/BRL、Gaithersburg、MD)中で、37℃および5%CO2で培養した。細胞を通常通りに試験し、そしてマイコプラズマの混入が無いことを見出した。
注射のために、12B1細胞をまずPBS(Gibco/BRL)で3回洗浄し、次いで計測して5×104細胞/mLの濃度に調整した。雌性BALB/cマウスに、0.1mL(5×103細胞)を、右鼡径部に皮下注射し、そして腫瘍の発症に関してモニターした。
12B1細胞培養からの腫瘍細胞ペレットを、液体窒素/37℃水浴槽における6回の凍結/解凍サイクルに供した。トリパンブルー排除を用いて、細胞の溶解を確認した。BCAアッセイを用いて、タンパク質濃度を決定した。タンパク質を、マウスの免疫のために滅菌PBS中で25μg/100μlに希釈した。
12B1を有するマウス由来の腫瘍を、ガラス−テフロン(登録商標)ホモジナイザーで、1gの腫瘍/5mlの緩衝液の比で、2μg/mlのロイペプチン、0.1mg/mlのPerfabloc、0.5mMのフェニルメチルスルホネートおよび1つの完全プロテアーゼインヒビターカクテル錠(全てRoche Molecular Biochemicals、Indianapolis、Ind.から)を含む、10mMのTris−Cl(pH7.4)/10mMのNaCl、0.1%の界面活性剤(等量のTritonX−100、TritonX−114およびIgepal CA−600、Sigma、St.Louis、Mo.)中でホモジナイズした。ホモジネートを10,000g、4℃で30分間遠心分離し、そして「溶解物」と呼ばれるサンプルを得た。その「溶解物」(上清)を、続いて100,000g、4℃で60分間遠心分離した。「高速」上清を、連続的に濃度を下げたホモジネーション緩衝液(これは、水で終わる)中に透析した。比色定量ビシンコニン酸アッセイ(BCA試薬、Pierce Endogen、Rockford、Ill.)を用いて、タンパク質濃度を決定し、そしてフリー溶液等電点電気泳動(FS−IEF)開始材料を、25mgのアリコートで凍結した。FS−IEFを、以下の修飾と共に実施した:発明者らは、両性電解質をRotolytes(Bio Rad Laboratories、Hercules、Calif.)で置換し、そして3.9〜5.6、4.5〜6.1、および5.1〜6.8のpH範囲を使用した(全部で30mlで、各pH範囲についてAおよびB試薬それぞれ5ml);発明者らは界面活性剤濃度を、TritonX−100、TritonX−114、およびIgepal CA−600に関してそれぞれ0.1%まで低減した;発明者らは、50mg/60mlではなく、60mlの全量の等電点泳動(isofocusing)混合物あたり、25mgの開始材料のみを添加した。尿素濃度(6M)は同じにし、そして等電点泳動条件も同じにしたが(15W定電力)、IEFの長さは5hに延長した。画分のSDS−PAGEおよびウェスタンブロット分析を行い、そして4つの主な免疫原性シャペロン(GRP94/gp96、HSP90、HSP70およびカルレティキュリン)を全て含む画分をプールし、そして0.1×PBS、pH7.4中で2Mの尿素に対して透析し、続いて0.1×PBS中に透析した。標準物質としてウシ血清アルブミンを用いたBCAアッセイを用いて、タンパク質濃度を決定し、そしてマウスの免疫のために、滅菌PBS中でタンパク質を25μg/100μlに希釈した。
上記で記載した手順を用いて、無処置のBalb/cマウスの肝臓から肝臓CRCLを調製した。マウスの免疫のために、滅菌PBS中でタンパク質を25μg/100μlに希釈した。
12B1腫瘍溶解物および肝臓CRCLを、1:1μgの比で混合し、そしてその混合物を4℃で一晩インキュベートした。マウスの免疫のために、滅菌PBS中でタンパク質を50μg/100μlに希釈した。
80匹のBalb/cマウス(グループあたり8匹のマウス、10グループ)を使用した。腫瘍細胞接種の14および7日前に、マウスの足蹠の皮内(i.d.)にワクチン接種した。そのグループは以下の通りであった:
・コントロール:PBS100μl i.d.
・12B1溶解物:マウスあたり25μg/100μl i.d.
・肝臓CRCL:マウスあたり25μg/100μl i.d.
・12B1 CRCL:マウスあたり25μg/100μl i.d.
・TuLy CRCL(12B1腫瘍溶解物/肝臓CRCL):マウスあたり50μg/100μl i.d.
・活性化Th−1細胞:マウスあたり100μlのPBS中1×105細胞 i.d.
・活性化Th−1細胞+12B1溶解物:マウスあたり100μlのPBS中1×105細胞+25μgの溶解物 i.d.
・活性化Th−1細胞+肝臓CRCL:マウスあたり100μlのPBS中1×105細胞+25μgの肝臓CRCL i.d.
・活性化Th−1細胞+12B1 CRCL:マウスあたり100μlのPBS中1×105細胞+25μgの12B1 CRCL i.d.
・活性化Th−1細胞+TuLy CRCL−マウスあたり100μlのPBS中1×105細胞+50μgのTuLy CRCL i.d.。
10個のグループ全てからのマウスの右鼡径部に、0日目に、5000個の12B1細胞/マウスをs.c.接種した。腫瘍体積を、2日ごとに決定した。腫瘍体積が4000mm3に達した場合、マウスを安楽死させた。
腫瘍は、コントロールグループにおいて12日目に触知できるようになった。様々な治療の結果を、図1aおよび図1bに示す。
この実施例において、腫瘍由来CRCLを、腫瘍特異的抗原の供給源として使用し、そしてアジュバントとして活性化CD4+Th−1細胞と組み合わせて、樹立した白血病を処置する。その方法は、上記(実施例1における)の方法と同様である。動物(グループあたり8匹のマウス)に、表示の処置を与えた。
無処置のBalb/cマウスを、14および7日前に、PBS(コントロール)または12B1由来CRCL(12B1 CRCL、25μg/マウス)、またはCD3/CD28架橋Th1細胞、または12B1 CRCLプラスCD3/CD28架橋Th1細胞で、足蹠(皮内)注射によって処置した。0日目に、マウスに12B1白血病細胞(5,000細胞/マウス、左鼠径部へのs.c.注射)を接種した。生存パーセントを、図2Aに示す。
CRCLプラスCD3/CD28架橋Th1細胞の組み合わせの治療的効能を規定するために、12B1腫瘍(0日目における左鼡径部への5000個の12B1細胞/マウスの接種)を樹立した。マウスを3、7、および14日目に、PBS、12B1 CRCL、CD3/CD28架橋Th1細胞単独またはCD3/CD28架橋Th1細胞プラスCRCLによって処置した。マウスの生存パーセントを図2Bに示す。
Claims (47)
- アジュバントおよび1つまたはそれより多い抗原を含む医薬品組成物であって、該アジュバントが少なくとも一部は活性化T細胞である生きた免疫細胞を含み、該組成物の宿主への投与はTh−1応答を生じる、医薬品組成物。
- 前記T細胞が、前記Th−1表現型のメモリーT細胞である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記T細胞が、該T細胞上のCD3およびCD28表面分子の架橋によって活性化される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記活性化T細胞が、CD40Lを発現する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記T細胞が、前記宿主に対して同種異系である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも2つの抗原が、前記アジュバントと組み合わせられる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、細胞全体、生物、細胞全体または生物の溶解物、裸のDNAまたはRNA、核の物質、ペプチドまたはタンパク質、抗体、抗原パルスまたはトランスフェクトされた樹状細胞から選択される抗原供給源由来である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、1つまたはそれより多い腫瘍関連抗原を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、1つまたはそれより多い熱ショックタンパク質を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原の供給源が、悪性腫瘍である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原の前記供給源が、病原体由来である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 生きた免疫細胞を含むアジュバント組成物であって、該免疫細胞の少なくとも一部は活性化T細胞であり、該アジュバント組成物の宿主への投与はTh−1免疫応答を誘発する、アジュバント組成物。
- 前記T細胞が、該T細胞上のCD3およびCD28表面分子の架橋によって活性化される、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記T細胞が、CD40Lを発現する、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 生きた免疫細胞を含むアジュバントを調製する工程であって、該免疫細胞はT細胞の少なくとも一部を含む、工程;および1つまたはそれより多い抗原を該アジュバントと組み合わせる工程を含む、医薬品組成物を作製する方法であって、該医薬品組成物は、宿主への投与に際し該宿主において免疫応答を刺激する、方法。
- 前記アジュバントと前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原とが前記宿主への投与前に組み合わせられる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 生じた前記免疫応答が、Th1応答である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞が、前記Th−1表現型のメモリーT細胞である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞が、活性化T細胞である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞が、該T細胞上のCD3およびCD28表面分子の架橋によって活性化される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記活性化T細胞が、CD40Lを発現する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞が、前記宿主に対して同種異系である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2つの抗原が、前記アジュバントと組み合わせられる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、1つまたはそれより多い抗原供給源から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記抗原供給源が、細胞全体、生物、細胞全体または生物の溶解物、裸のDNAまたはRNA、核の物質、抗体、抗原パルスまたはトランスフェクトされた樹状細胞から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、腫瘍関連抗原である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、熱ショックタンパク質である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、悪性腫瘍由来である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、疾患を引き起こす因子由来である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- アジュバントおよび1つまたはそれより多い抗原を含む医薬品組成物を投与する工程であって、該アジュバントは生きた免疫細胞を含み、該免疫細胞はT細胞の少なくとも一部を含む、工程を含む、宿主において疾患に関連するかまたは疾患を引き起こす抗原を低減する方法であって、該医薬品組成物は、該宿主への投与に際し該宿主において免疫応答を刺激する、方法。
- 前記T細胞が、活性化T細胞である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記活性化T細胞が、CD40Lを発現する、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞が、前記宿主に対して同種異系である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記医薬品組成物が、少なくとも2つの抗原を含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、腫瘍関連抗原である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、熱ショックタンパク質である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、悪性腫瘍由来である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、疾患を引き起こす抗原由来である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 追加免疫組成物を投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記追加免疫が、少なくとも一部が活性化T細胞である生きた免疫細胞を含む、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記追加免疫が、少なくとも一部が活性化T細胞である生きた免疫細胞および1つまたはそれより多い抗原を含む、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記アジュバントと前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原とが前記宿主への投与前に組み合わせられる、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記アジュバントおよび前記1つまたはそれより多い抗原が、前記宿主へ連続的に投与される、請求項30に記載の方法。
- アジュバントおよび1つまたはそれより多い抗原を含む医薬品組成物を投与する工程であって、該アジュバントは生きた免疫細胞を含み、該免疫細胞はT細胞の少なくとも一部を含む、工程を含む、患者の疾患を処置する方法であって、該医薬品組成物は、該患者への投与に際し該宿主において免疫応答を刺激する、方法。
- 前記T細胞が、活性化T細胞である、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が、がんである、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が、感染性病原体によって引き起こされる、請求項44に記載の方法。
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EP2285405A2 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
WO2009135199A3 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
US10751372B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 |
AU2009242471B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
CN108743937B (zh) | 2022-08-30 |
CA2726007C (en) | 2019-04-09 |
IL209027A (en) | 2017-11-30 |
AU2009242471A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
CA2726007A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
EP2285405A4 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
JP2014098035A (ja) | 2014-05-29 |
IL209027A0 (en) | 2011-01-31 |
KR20110002496A (ko) | 2011-01-07 |
KR101689210B1 (ko) | 2016-12-23 |
CN108743937A (zh) | 2018-11-06 |
US20120128656A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
WO2009135199A2 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
CN102076359A (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
US20200261509A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 |
JP5709264B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
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